Glacial Geology - Science topic

Observations relating to the local glacial geology in the Shrewsbury area commenced even before the advent of the Glacial Theory.

This article has seismic reflection profiles from Flathead Lake in Montana that show a late Pleistocene lacustrine turbidite system. The glacial geology of Flathead Lake is remarkable and the presence of this short-lived system provides a constraint on the history of the last glacial retreat. The discovery that the lines were curated on a Universit...

Bed topography is a critical parameter for determining the modern-day and future dynamics of ice sheets and their outlet glaciers. This is because the topography controls the state of stress for glaciers. At glacier termini, topography can influence the timing of terminus retreat by controlling access to warm ocean waters and/or by influencing the...

Reconstructions of the evolution of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) since the last glacial maximum (MIS2; <29 ka) provides a framework for understanding changes in ice extent and dynamics that are essential to a wide range of studies such as paleogeographic reconstructions, glaciological and glacial isostatic adjustment modeling, sea-level changes,...

The present study aims to elaborate a hydrogeological characterisation in the Water Sowing and Harvesting context. The study is focused on rural parishes in the Ecuadorian Andes that, despite their proximity to snow sources (Chimborazo glaciers), need more supply of this resource, to satisfy the demand of a population of 70,466 inhabitants. The stu...

Cosmogenic nuclide measurements in glacial deposits extend our knowledge of glacier chronologies beyond the observational record. The short half-life of in situ cosmogenic ¹⁴ C makes it particularly useful for studying glacier chronologies, as resulting exposure ages are less sensitive to nuclide inheritance when compared with more commonly measure...

Paleoclimate changes during the last glacial in the arid central Asia are not as well understood as the monsoon-dominated areas of Asia. Here we report a 75-m-long sediment core over past 120 kyr based on astronomical tuning combined with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating in the Kashi depression of the western Tarim Basin, Northwes...

Although glaciation of the Tasmanian highlands was recognised by early explorers, it was in the 1890s that Edward Dunn and Thomas B. Moore provided the first formal descriptions and maps-the Lake Dora-Tyndall Range glaciated area in western Tasmania. The Victorian geologist E.J. Dunn published the first map in 1893 with a description of glacial fea...

Freshwater wetlands are groundwater-dependent ecosystems that require groundwater for saturation, for wetland plants and creatures, for maintenance of wetland soils, and thermal buffering. With worldwide wetland area in decline for decades if not centuries, finding and restoring wetlands provides enormous ecosystem and public benefits, yet so often...

We compiled information about the surficial and glacial geology in eastern Northwest Territories and central mainland, Nunavut to provide an up-to-date perspective on the fieldwork carried out in the region and highlights areas lacking either remote or ground-based observations were lacking. Our compilation yielded 2,485 field observations made sin...

Glacial Geology and Hydrogeology of Valley-Fill Aquifers in the Oneonta Area, Otsego and Delaware Counties, New York Provides regression equations for upstate NY horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) or passive seismic measurements.

A network of north–south linear troughs occupies the eastern portion of the Lake Superior basin. Morphology suggests these features are tunnel valleys that formed through erosion as subglacial conduits and conveyed meltwater to a former glacial margin. We demonstrate the southern continuation of these valleys onshore into the central Upper Peninsul...

Determining what caused the global Last Glaciation and last glacial termination, despite opposing orbital summer insolation signatures between the polar hemispheres, remains a puzzle of paleoclimatology. This problem can be addressed by comparing chronologies of glaciation from different latitudes and different climatic regimes in both hemispheres....

This study presents a multi‐disciplinary survey combining geological fieldwork and geophysical data to better constrain the parameters influencing the morphology and the behaviour of a retreating coastal cliff. Erosion rates are spatially highly variable and hard to predict because of the manifold parameters acting on them. Among these parameters,...

Geophysical surveys provide an efficient and non-invasive means of studying subsurface conditions in numerous sedimentary settings. In this study, we explore the application of three geophysical methods to a proglacial environment, namely ground-penetrating radar (GPR), seismic refraction and multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW). We apply...

Glacial geology, marine environment, and arid climate govern the composition of clay tills. The main purpose of this work is to develop a clear understanding of the engineering behavior of compacted clay till under soil suction and applied stress. The results indicate moderate water adsorption due to the presence of clay minerals (26% corrensite, 1...

New Direction in Science 2021 Presents in the post glacial sediments at Banff national park property Alberta Canada.Humans and animals footprints imprinted into river’s muddy banks by spring time gad floated over , those footprints under water has been for over one season and never change much Today November 1 / 2021 I went to the river for checkin...

This article uses backpacking on the Ice Age Trail to explore the political role of NPS partnerships on a national scenic trail.

Within the context of the work and achievements of James Croll, this paper reviews the records of direct observations of glacial landforms and sediments made by Charles Lyell, Archibald and James Geikie and James Croll himself, in order to evaluate their contributions to the sciences of glacial geology and Quaternary environmental change. The paper...

A long-lasting question in glacial geology is how and how fast glaciers were able to shape the distinctive landscapes of the Alps. This study contributes to the understanding on the formation of overdeepened basins, especially the processes and the amount of time involved. We examine the remarkably high (150 m) cross-valley bedrock riegel and the a...

Knowledge about processes beneath ice sheets, and in particular the processes connected to subglacial hydrology, is crucial for an understanding of ice sheets and how they react in a warming climate. Recently, v-shaped subglacial landforms (murtoos) have been found in those parts of the former Fennoscandian Ice Sheet where rapid ice-margin retreat...

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore is located in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan along the southern shore of Lake Superior. The park spans approximately 300 km² and is almost fully incorporated within the ten 7.5-minute quadrangles presented in this new, detailed surficial geology map. The western quadrangles are mainly characterized by thin accumul...

Determination of numerical age for glacial till is one of the most intriguing issues in glacial geology and geomorphology. Till layers are unequivocal evidence of ice sheets advances and retreats, and therefore they are very important for Quaternary palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Herein, we present a review dedicated to the methodology of glacial...

The Autonomous Pinger Unit (APU) is an electro-thermal drill with acoustic instrumentation developed for the project EnEx-RANGE in view of a future space mission for the sub-surface exploration of Saturn's moon Enceladus. A main goal is the development of navigation technology for an acoustic guidance system allowing maneuvering a probe through gla...

Ramparted depressions (doughnut-shaped debris-cored ridges with peat- and/or sediment-filled central basins) are commonly perceived to represent the relict collapsed forms of permafrost ground-ice mounds (i.e. pingos or lithalsas). In Wales, UK, ramparted depressions of Late Pleistocene age have been widely attributed to permafrost-related processe...

Glacial erosion produces vast quantities of fine-grained sediment that has a far-reaching impact on Earth surface processes. To gain a better understanding of the production of glacial silt and clay, we use automated mineralogy to quantify the microstructure and mineralogy of rock and sediment samples from 20 basins in the St. Elias Mountains, Yuko...

Glacier-erosion rates range across orders of magnitude, and much of this variation cannot be attributed to basal sliding rates. Subglacial till acts as lubricating ‘fault gouge’ or ‘sawdust’, and must be removed for rapid subglacial bedrock erosion. Such erosion occurs especially where and when moulin-fed streams access the bed and are unconstraine...

Sheet. In the last 10 years, a variety of expeditions and numerical modelling experiments have improved knowledge of its glaciology, glacial geology and tectonic setting. Two of the sector's largest ice streams rest on a steep reverse‐sloping bed yet, despite being vulnerable to change, satellite observations show contemporary stability. There is c...

High-resolution digital elevation models of Finland and Sweden based on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) reveal subglacial landforms in great detail. We describe the ice-sheet scale distribution and morphometric characteristics of a glacial landform that is distinctive in morphology and occurs commonly in the central parts of the former Scandina...

The report demonstrates the improvement in groundwater model performance when three-dimensional kriging of water well log lithology records is used to estimate the continuous distribution of hydraulic conductivity for unconsolidated flow systems.

Unpublished talk presented to members of Kenorland Minerals, SL Exploration and Troilus Gold Corporation, June 17, 2019, Troilus Mine, Quebec, Canada.

GEOCLASTICA LTD TECHNICAL NOTE 2019-10. One single slide, a 5-minute read. One arguable exception to my claim of no geologists in IPCC's writing team for its upcoming report is a widely respected lecturer at Northern Arizona University, in its School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (a name that hints at a possible predisposition...

As Turkey is located in the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt, it has a mountainous landscape with ranges extending parallel to the coast in the north and south. This landscape causes moist air masses to leave precipitation mostly in the coastal regions. Therefore, the central parts of Turkey have lower precipitation compared to the coast, and the con...

Within this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of three methods of classification including: object-oriented algorithms of the satellite images classification without the use of fuzzy algorithms, algorithm based on fuzzy algorithms, and pixel-based algorithms The accuracy of each method obtained by comparing the results with pixel-based algorithm in l...

Gediminas Hill and Gediminas Castle Tower at the centre part of Vilnius are highly important architectural monument which is symbolic of Lithuania. According to official documentary records, the Gediminas Castle was first mentioned in year 1323. Due to natural (glacial geology and hydrogeology) and anthropogenic (artificial activities and warfare)...

Newly available high resolution airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology is generating unprecedented next-generation imagery of Earth surface features. LiDAR datasets are being employed by the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) as part of a new national geological initiative (Glacier Dynamic database: GDdatabase) to rapidly and c...

In the observational sciences, technical advances are often followed by dramatic increases in scientific discoveries and improved theory. Leuwenhoek’s microscope and Galileo’s telescope gave us a “better look” at the microworld and the cosmos, which led to revolutions of past paradigms. In geomorphology and landscape analysis, similar advances have...

This posthumous memoir is a fitting tribute to a life time of research on Shetland by Professor Derek Flinn (1922-2012) and his meticulous geological mapping under a Natural Environment Research Council contract with the University of Liverpool. Unst, some 20 km long and up to 10 km wide, including Muckle Flugga just off its tip, is the northernmos...

Since 1952, the clean-ice Glacier Blanc has retreated twice as fast as the adjacent debris-covered Glacier Noir. Located in the French Alps and separated by only 1 km, both glaciers experience the same climatic conditions, making them ideal to evaluate the impact of debris cover on glacier evolution. We used aerial photographs from 16 acquisitions...

Marine-terminating outlet glaciers are a major source of modern ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), but their role in GrIS retreat during the last deglaciation is not well constrained. Here, we develop deglacial outlet glacier retreat chronologies for four regions in southwest and south Greenland to improve understanding of spatial variat...

SYNOPSIS The paper reviews the development of embankment dams in Canada. By using selected case examples, it demonstrates that problems in design and construction of embankment dams in Canada are largely related to geology, particularly glacial geology, and to severe climatic conditions. Solutions to these problems have been innovative, advancing t...

Montane fens are biologically diverse peat-forming wetlands that develop at points of groundwater discharge. To protect these ecosystems, it is critical to understand their locations on the landscape and the hydrogeologic systems that support them. The upper Deschutes Basin has a groundwater flow system that supports baseflow in many rivers, but li...

Geology tour for the interested lay person from Wenatchee to Lake Chelan, focusing on the geology of Lake Chelan and its environs. Focuses on glacial geology, but also addresses the bedrock of the area at two stops.

Large amounts of airborne electromagnetic data have been gathered in Denmark over the last 15 years in order to map groundwater resources. These data have been supplemented by high-resolution seismic data and many new drillings. The new data add considerably to the existing geological knowledge of the near-surface layers down to depths of 300 m. Wh...

In mountainous terrain, the relationship between ice sheet dynamics and basal topography is complex, with each component influencing the other. This paper investigates how the last glacial maximum Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet might have modified its bed both at maximum extent and during progressive grounding line retreat. Focussing on the Margueri...

The Thompson River, south of Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada is a particularly unique area where complex glacial geology, active geomorphic processes and critical infrastructure (both major national rail lines – CPR and CN) intersect with and are affected by a long history of slope instability. Well documented landslides along a +10 km stretch o...

We briefly describe three methods of seabed characterization which are ‘fit for purpose’, in that each approach is well suited to distinct objectives e.g. characterizing glacial geomorphology and shallow glacial geology vs. rapid prediction of seabed sediment distribution via geostatistics. The methods vary from manual ‘expert’ interpretation to in...

In addition to magnificent scenery, fjords may display a wide variety of geological subjects such as bedrock geol‐ ogy, geomorphology, glacial geology, glaciology and sedi‐ mentology. This excursion can bring you to the heartland of the western Norwegian fjords including the two fjords listed on the UNESCO heritage list: the Nærøyfjord and the...

This paper compiles and reviews marine and terrestrial data constraining the dimensions and configuration of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) through deglaciation to the present day. These data are used to reconstruct grounding-line retreat in 5 ka time-steps from 25 ka BP to present. Glacial landforms an...

In southernmost Greenland near Narsarsuaq, the terminal Narsarsuaq moraine was deposited well outside of a historical Little Ice Age (LIA) moraine adjacent to the modern ice margin. Using 10Be surface exposure dating, we determine Narsarsuaq moraine abandonment at 1.51 ± 0.11 ka. A second set of 10Be ages from a more ice-proximal position shows tha...

The glacial geology of Himmerland in the north-eastern part of Jylland, south of Limfjorden (Fig. 1) has never received any special attention. However, the occurrence of parallel ridges south of Torup was mentioned by Milthers (1948) who interpreted them as marginal moraines. The ridges were recently studied during mapping of eastern Himmerland. Sy...

This field guide focuses on the glacial geology and paleoecology beginning in the Paradise Valley and progressing southward into northern Yellowstone National Park. During the last (Pinedale) glaciation, the northern Yellowstone outlet glacier flowed out of Yellowstone Park and down the Yellowstone River Valley into the Paradise Valley. The field t...

The CoreKids program was established for K-12 outreach by the Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education (MGRRE). MGRRE, now part of the Michigan Geological Survey housed at Western Michigan University, is a core repository with emphasis on the bedrock and glacial geology of the Lower Peninsula. CoreKids has traditionally focused its...

This is the first Bulletin report for Mauna Kea, the tallest volcano on the Island of Hawai`i (figures 1, 2, and 3). Although the most recent eruption occurred ~4,500 years ago, this volcano has the potential to reawaken. This report presents early observations by Western explorers; discussions from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) scientists foc...

The ‘poly morphological (PM) concept’ is used to assess geological heterogeneity in glacial sediments and to evaluate groundwater recharge to aquifers, especially those underlying clay till. The novelty of the PM concept is that it enhances the knowledge of, especially, heterogeneity of till units in geological models by using superimposed geomorph...

During the last decades many studies were concentrated on the North Lithuanian ice marginal ridge of the Last Glaciation (Late Nemunas, Late Weichselian). The North Lithuanian ice marginal ridge or so–called Linkuva ridge was formed by Žiemgala Ice Lobe that advanced at the end of the glaciation through the Gulf of Riga. This ridge is considered as...

This letter outlines the abilities and potential applications of the Swedish ‘Ny Nationell Höjdmodell’ (new national height model), with particular reference to the mapping of Quaternary landforms. The application of high-resolution, light-detection and ranging data allows the mapping of terrain in an unprecedented level of detail, even under dense...

Of numerous theories of drumlin genesis, none has been widely accepted. It seems evident, however, that some form of positive feedback process is involved. Under certain circumstances perturbations are amplified. Herein we suggest that patchy areas of frozen bed provide the initial perturbation. Such frozen patches may occur in local areas underlai...

Micromorphological techniques were first used by the pedologists Kubiëna in the 1930s. This approach produced a enormous growth in knowledge about the classification of different soil types. Since the last 25 years the micromorphology has also arrived the Quaternary Science. Especially the glacial geology is using the new important scientific achie...

The Ivalojoki river in northern Finland flows in an ancient preglacial valley. It stretches 180 kilometers through wilderness areas towards the Barents Sea. The area is famous for its natural Arctic landscape, placer gold deposits and historical sites related to gold prospecting. The Precambrian granulite bedrock was formed about 1,900 million year...

The primary objectives of this research are to develop and test an archaeological settlement pattern model designed to identify areas of high archaeological potential on the continental shelf of Southeast (SE) Alaska. Sea level history and glacial geology suggest that the archaeological record prior to 10,600 cal BP 2 (9,400 RCYBP 3) may be submerg...

A new standard has been proposed for geologic maps, funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP) (USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, 2010), has been proposed for the creation new geologic maps. The standard, NCGMP09, is designed to focus on the transfer and archiving of map data. The Ohio Department of Natura...

Neoproterozoic glacial records have been discovered on 23 palaeocontinents, their rate of discovery changing little since 1871. Yet, half of all the resulting publications appeared since 2000. The history of research before 1998 is described in five stages defined by publication spikes; subsequent work is not covered because historical perspective...

Moraines in the Taurus Mountains of south-central Turkey, dated to latest Pleistocene or earliest Holocene, show that glaciers were extraordinarily large, typical of the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka), and that rates of glacier retreat and temperature rise exceeded those of the past century. Surface exposure ages of 7 moraines in a valley at altitude...

The Cachorro valley is located on the eastern shore of the South branch of Lago Argentino (Patagonia, Argentina) and is interpreted as a glacial trough originated by the uphill override of the glacier that occupied the South branch of the lake during the last glaciation. Four moraine closures were detected in the valley, characterized and later on...

There is a strong scientific evidence of the increase in the global average surface air temperature during the last century. Moreover, even though there are many uncertainties about the magnitude of the future climate change, most studies indicate that global warming is very likely in the future. Climate change is a long- term change in the stati...

Sampling around the Ni-Cu deposits in the northern Thompson Nickel Belt (TNB), central Canada, was conducted to document Ni-Cu mineralization signatures in till. Samples used in this study include archived material collected in 1996 and new samples collected in 2005 and 2006. During the Late Wisconsinan, the Laurentide Ice Sheet flowed across the T...