Geriatrics - Science topic

BACKGROUND Late‐life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous disorder related to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes, raising a need for the development of novel biomarkers. We sought to provide preliminary evidence for acoustic speech signatures sensitive to LLD and their relationship to depressive dimensions. METHODS Forty patients (24...

Aims Few studies have explored empowerment as a predictor of mental health outcomes in geriatric healthcare professionals. This research addresses this gap by using the ‘effort‐reward imbalance’ theory of work‐related stress to develop a comprehensive model, examining the role of psychological empowerment in the psychological outcomes of nursing ho...

A depressão no idoso representa um desafio significativo na saúde pública, devido à sua alta prevalência e impacto substancial na qualidade de vida dessa população. Este estudo realiza uma revisão da literatura recente sobre o manejo da depressão em idosos, com foco nos avanços terapêuticos, lacunas no tratamento e estratégias inovadoras. A pesquis...

Geriatric anaesthesia is a rapidly growing subspecialty due to the rising number of elderly individuals undergoing surgical procedures. Older adults present a unique set of challenges, including physiological changes, polypharmacy, and comorbidities, all of which can significantly influence anaesthetic management. Age-related alterations in pharmac...

Background Suicidal ideation among the geriatric population is a pressing concern, particularly in regions such as Nepal where mental health resources are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors among the geriatric population in Vyas Municipality, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study...

The life of patients with end-stage dementia is filled with grief, secretion and stench, suppuration and wounds, crying, screaming or silent pain. This appears to be the natural and essential path of end-stage disease and aging. Its diagnosis could reduce the suffering of patients at the end of life by adequate medical and nursing care. The MSSE is...

Background The worldwide population is ageing and self-arm can be prevented with many techniques. Among them coercive measure consisting of physical restraint (PR) is one of the techniques. This study aims to assess the effects of the biological sex on the long-term survival after PR in geriatric patients during the initial emergency department (ED...

Purpose This study aims to identify predictors of discharge to post-acute care in geriatric emergency general surgery (EGS) patients. Methods This is a retrospective study of geriatric emergency general surgery (EGS) patients at a tertiary care facility between 2017 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 65 years old and presented directly from home....

INTRODUCTION We developed a tool for objective quantification of apathy. METHODS Participants (n = 97; 67 with cognitive impairment, 30 cognitively normal; mean age = 74.3 ± 6.2 years, 56.7% females) were exposed to emotional and cognitive stimuli in a virtual reality environment. Gaze metrics (time to first fixation [TTFF] and total fixation dura...

Background Cognitive impairment patients are prone to malnutrition, which further promotes cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment patients are unable to accurately answer subjective questions in the nutrition screening scale. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a nutritional risk prediction model using objective evaluation indicators to evaluate...

Background The global population is undergoing a significant demographic transformation characterized by an aging population. Healthcare systems need to prepare for this shift. Challenges concerning care of older adults will be significant in the Netherlands in the coming years, as the country is just at the beginning of the predicted fast increase...

A BSTRACT Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global problem, has affected all aspects of health, that is, physical, social, and mental. Our study aimed to describe various social-demographic factors and existing comorbidities that affected mortality in COVID-19 admitted patients. Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based retro...

Background Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a crucial contributor to sarcopenia pathogenesis, but accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. Aim Our study aims to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), a comprehensive indicator of inflammation. Methods This cross-sectional...

As the elderly population expands, enhancing emergency department (ED) care by assessing frailty becomes increasingly vital. To address this, we developed a novel electronic Frailty Index (eFI) from ED health records, specifically designed to assess frailty and predict hospitalization, in-hospital mortality, ICU admissions, and 30-day ED readmissio...

Objectives Drug interaction programmes are considered imperative tools utilised by healthcare professionals to screen potential risks that may occur from drug combinations. However, the outcomes of analysing drug–drug interactions (DDIs) differ across each programme. It is crucial for clinician to be aware of the varying results from each database...

Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the association between the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and incidence of CKD progression, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular events in the elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before dialysis initiation. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of the CKD-ROUTE database,...

As people age, the efficiency of various regulatory processes that ensure proper communication between cells and organs tends to decline. This deterioration can lead to difficulties in maintaining homeostasis during physiological stress. This includes but is not limited to cognitive impairments, functional difficulties, and issues related to caregi...

Purpose of Review An increasing number of trauma patients are elderly. These patients present unique challenges due to their distinct physiological changes and injury patterns. This article aims to summarize recent literature on perioperative management of geriatric trauma patients for anesthesia providers. Recent Findings Ageing is a multisystem...

Therapeutic decision-making for older patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer highlights the importance of a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). This assessment considers the functional status, comorbidities, and relevant conditions of the patient, and allows for an estimation of life expectancy, b...

Background Day care services provide various activities, including rehabilitation, to maintain and improve physical function and social participation of older people. However, the relationship between rehabilitation participation and emotional changes in older adults with dementia who use day care services is not well understood. Method The partic...

Background Approximately 10% of people living with Alzheimer’s dementia (PWD) experience depression, yet behavioral interventions remain scarce. We developed an innovative depression intervention, Caregiver‐Provided Life Review (C‐PLR) based on life review therapy. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of training family careg...

Background The lack of knowledge about the onset and progression of dementia hampers its early diagnosis and possible treatment leading to severe condition like Alzheimer’s disease. Technological advancement like new brain network modeling tools might provide insight into the disease progression but a broader view of the biochemical changes induced...

Background It was aimed to compare Reminiscence and Cognitive Stimulation Therapies in terms of depression, anxiety symptoms and mental status in elderly individuals with early stage dementia in institutional care. Method The design of the study was an experimental model with pretest‐ posttest control group. A total of 24 elderly individuals, 13 m...

Background Predicting mortality and morbidity poses a significant challenge to physicians, leading to the development of various scoring systems. Among these, the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet (HALP) score evaluates a patient’s nutritional and immune status. The primary aim of this study was to determine the predictive effect of the...

Background Cannabis‐based therapies have gained interest in treating different ailments in the elderly population, including severe or chronic pain, sleep disturbances, and more recently Alzheimer’s Disease. This raises the importance of understanding the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics (“PK”) of delta‐9 tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”). IGC‐A...

Background This post‐hoc sub‐group analysis of the Japan‐multimodal intervention trial for prevention of dementia (J‐MINT) aimed to examine the efficacy of the multi‐domain intervention in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Method J‐MINT was an 18‐month, randomized controlled trial. Participants aged 65‐85 years with mild cognitive deficits were r...

Persons living with dementia (PLWD) are twice as likely to use the emergency department (ED) and 1.5 times more likely to have an avoidable ED visit than elders without dementia. PLWD have greater comorbidity, incur higher charges, are admitted to hospitals at higher rates, return to EDs at higher rates, and have higher mortality after an ED visit...

Background Recent cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that higher activity diversity ‐ defined as richness and evenness of daily activities are beneficial to older adults’ cognitive performance. This benefit is independent of frequency or level of cognitive challenge or physical activity. Method A total of 1688 participants from th...

Background Depression is common in the elderly, which is regarded as is an important risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and social participation has been proved to be effective in improving the mental health of the aged, while the relationship and acting path among depression, social participation and the occurrence of MCI are still u...

Background Hormone therapy (HT) is often used to manage symptoms related to menopause, but its longer‐term effects on depressive symptoms in older women remains unclear. Previous literature reports inconclusive results on whether HT use is protective against or associated with increased depressive symptoms over time in older women. The objective of...

Background Illiteracy is highly prevalent in older women than in men, but whether the impact of illiteracy on dementia risk is differed by gender remains unclear. Method We enrolled 5,217 non‐demented older adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. Presence of illiteracy was assessed by research nur...

Background Depressive symptoms are associated with neurodegeneration in individuals at increased risk for late‐onset Alzheimer’s disease, but these relationships are less clear in younger individuals and those at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s Disease (ADAD). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker of axonal damage and neuronal dege...

Background The World Health Organization forecasts a population of 2,000 million people over 60 years by the year 2050, with 7% of this population suffering from dementia. Making a constant clinical‐technological evaluation of older adults allows early detection of the disease and provides a better quality of life for the patient. In this sense, th...

Background Saudi ambulance clinicians face unique challenges in providing prehospital care to older trauma patients. Limited geriatric-specific training and complex needs of this population hinder effective management, leading to adverse outcomes. This study explores the perceptions of Saudi ambulance clinicians regarding geriatric trauma care and...

Background Cognitive assessment should be actively incorporated into the clinical evaluation of patients in Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. This is because of the imminent demand with the changing demographics especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) concerning dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Method A cross‐sectional mixed‐meth...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) constitutes a formidable challenge, profoundly affecting the fabric of individuals' lives and intricately entwined with disturbances in their quality of life. This study embarks on a mission to unravel the transformative potential of a carefully crafted 12‐week yoga intervention, specifically tailored to address...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disease with different clinical phenotypes and pathophysiological subtypes. Identifying cognitive/functional subtypes in AD could elucidate the diverse clinical progression patterns. The Cognitive Function Index (CFI), a 15‐item questionnaire completed by participants and study partners, captur...

Background The study aims to assess the associations of comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease [CKD], and depression) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s dementia (AD dementia), and cognition by race/ethnicity; and to examine whether blood AD biomarkers mediate the associations. Method We used dat...

Background Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) share characteristics, such as low education, that increase the risk of dementia among their population. Critically, around 70% of the cases of dementia in LMICs are underdiagnosed. Understanding factors contributing to older adults’ cognitive performance may support healthcare professionals from t...

Background Cognitive problems are thought to increase vulnerability to geriatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to increased fall risk, but little is known about prevalence of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) among elders who receive treatment for a TBI. Method Enrollees 65 and older in the nationally rep...

Background Autonomic dysfunction and depression are among the most common causes of disability in high‐income countries and depression has been associated with deficits in various cognitive domains. The degree to which depression associates with autonomic function and modifies risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in older adults is unknown. We investi...

Background The National Institute on Aging (NIA) Imbedded Pragmatic Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Related Dementia (AD/ADRD) Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory, in partnership with the Alzheimer’s Association, convened a Lived Experience Panel (LEP), a group of 9‐12 individuals, including people living with cognitive symptoms, proxies rep...

Background Dementia is a critical concern in the aging population, and understanding biomarkers associated with cognitive trajectories can provide valuable insights to improve diagnosis and intervention strategies. Method We conducted our study at a geriatric check‐up clinic at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, focusing on a healthy cohort of...

Background Day care services provide not only physical exercise to improve physical function, but also a variety of activities. These activities are expected to enhance leisure activities of users and improve their QOL. However, the relationship between QOL and the presence of leisure activities in day care service users with dementia has not been...

Background Screening for elder abuse can cause victims to experience feelings of unpleasantness and/or relive painful memories which can be an ethical concern. Ensuring the safety of all participants/users, in our case long‐term care (LTC) residents, is of the utmost importance. Method Drawing from approaches used in the intimate partner violence...

Background With the worldwide geriatric population steadily increasing, identifying older adults in need of treatment for cognitive difficulties is imperative. Limited specialty resources makes it particularly important to identify which individuals would most benefit from further evaluation and treatment, including in countries where dementia care...

Background To estimate the additive associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and depression on long‐term cognitive trajectory in multi‐regional cohorts and validate the generalizability of the findings in varying clinical settings. Method Data harmonization was performed across 14 longitudinal cohort studies within the Cohort Studies o...

Background Recent research on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has highlighted that the oxidative damage is the earliest event of disease. These oxidative modifications are closely associated with inflammatory molecules. It is necessary to explore these two pathways with AD pathophysiology and targeted for therapeutic intervention. At present, the most val...

Background Aging is an established confounding factor influencing the plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). While age‐specific cutoff values for NfL in healthy Caucasian populations have been documented, the potential variations in ethnically and socioeconomically underrepresented populations remain underexplored. This study aims to eva...

Background Social restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic raised acute concerns about the impacts of loneliness on older adults’ well‐being, particularly for those who live alone. Loneliness is a perceived state of isolation from others that is only partly determined by quantities of social ties and interactions. Drawing a subsample from the Harv...

Background New blood‐based and digital biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) make early detection possible at stages when novel, disease‐specific therapies are likely to be most effective. These approaches may offer less invasive, more cost‐effective alternatives to traditional methods such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection or positron emis...

Objective This study sought to conduct a meticulous systematic review, delving into the efficacy of exercise interventions on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. Additionally, we aimed to scrutinize the nuanced influence of various intervention factors on the intricate relationship between exercise and depressive symptoms within...

Background Blood‐based biomarkers (BBM) are emerging as minimally invasive, scalable and relatively low‐cost options for discriminating different neurodegenerative diseases. Before implementation in clinical practice can take place, it is important to determine their real‐world clinical validity in patients presenting at a memory clinic. Therefore,...

Background During the pandemic, Social Isolation (SI) and the perception of loneliness emerged as critical factors associated with significant psychological and physical impacts (Tyrrell, C. & Williams, N., 2020; González, D., 2021). This study examines gender differences and explores the impact of social isolation and the perception of loneliness...

Background Cognitive reserve (CR) is a property of the brain trait that allows for better–than–expected cognitive performance, relative to the degree of brain change over the life course. However, the neurophysiological markers of CR require further investigation. Electroencephalography (EEG) may provide an appropriate neurophysiological marker of...

Background Although most PET imaging studies have focused on entorhinal cortex as an early site of medial temporal lobe tau accumulation, the amygdala displays substantial tau deposition in cognitively normal individuals. We examined amygdala tau in relation to changes in affective health that often precede Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods We ran...

Background Cognitive assessment should be actively incorporated into the clinical evaluation of patients in Primary Health Care (PHC) settings. This is because of the imminent demand with the changing demographics especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) concerning dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Method A cross‐sectional mixed‐meth...

Background Osteoporosis is associated with an increased risk of dementia (Zhang, P. et al., 2022). The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) calculates the risk of hip fracture using a series of clinical variables, even in the absence of bone density knowledge. A higher FRAX scores indicates higher risk for osteoporosis. Some studies suggest that in...

Background The Mediterranean‐Dash Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, featuring emphasis on green leafy and other colorful vegetables, berries, unsaturated fats, fish, and whole grains is a major component of the U.S. POINTER multi‐domain lifestyle intervention. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations among MIND d...

Background The multidomain lifestyle intervention in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) showed positive effects on health‐related quality of life (HRQL) during the 2‐year intervention, particularly physical functioning. Our aim was to study how these benefits were maintained over an exte...

Background Exercise or cognitive interventions have already been sufficiently provided to the elderly, and their effectiveness has been proven. However, interventions in the context of promoting social interaction have not been well‐implemented for the elderly, and few studies have considered the effectiveness of interaction mediation for the elder...

Background While existing risk calculators focus on mortality and complications, elderly patients are concerned with how operations will affect their quality of life, especially their independence. We sought to develop a novel clinically relevant and easy-to-use score to predict elderly patients’ loss of independence after gastrointestinal surgery....

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Dysfunction of mitochondria and oxidative stress are known to aggravate the disease pathology. Sirtuins, NAD‐dependent deacetylases, have a well‐defined role in this pathway and thus can serve as a potential biomarker for the early detection of the disease. Metho...

Background Social engagement, characterized as frequency of family/friends contact and activities with others, has emerged as a protective factor for Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is unclear how social engagement protects against cognitive decline and whether there are differences across sex and racial groups. Here we determine whether: 1) great...

Background The “Describe‐Investigate‐Create‐Evaluate” (DICE) approach has been considered as a guide for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, the implementation of DICE approach may be limited by few available resources. With the development of AI technology, the effectiveness of AI‐aided DICE algorithm for BP...

Background Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur frequently in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (PAD). They cause suffering, institutionalization, carepartner distress, depression, burden, and decreased PAD‐carepartner quality of life. Brexpiprazole approval advanced the AD treatment armamentarium. However, pharmacologic tr...

Background Due to multiple benefits of sustained exercise and physical activity, it is important to understand factors that can facilitate regular engagement in physical activity in later adulthood. Prior work found that a more positive affective response to acute exercise was associated with greater physical activity levels in younger adults. Howe...

Background With its rapidly aging population, Japan has been seeing an increase in the concurrent incidence of dementia during heart failure treatment, making disease management difficult. Nevertheless, not much has been uncovered about the actual state of the treatment status and prognosis of heart failure patients with dementia. Method At the Na...

Objectives To evaluate the association between heart rate on admission and mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting At a trauma centre in northwestern China. Participants Elderly patients with hip fractures. Results This cohort study included 2006 patients who met the study criteria. The mea...

Background Interstep variations in step riser height and tread depth within a stairway could negatively impact safe stair negotiation by decreasing step riser height predictability and, consequently, increasing stair users’ fall risk. Unfortunately, interstep variations in riser height and depth are common, particularly in older stairways, but its...

Citation: Aurelian, S.M.; Oancea, C.; Aurelian, J.; Mihalache, R.; Vlădulescu-Trandafir, A.I.; Capisizu, A.; Chirca, N.; Zamfirescu, A.

Background: Depression is a significant public health issue among older people, leading to decreased quality of life and increased suicide rates. Limited population-based studies exist in Ethiopia, particularly in Debre Berhan Town. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among older people in...

The study explored older adults' perceptions after participating in an online survey about medication decisions, finding that approximately 80% of participants provided positive feedback about the research methodology and their experience.

Background It is challenging to accurately and preoperatively diagnose gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) because patients are often asymptomatic or present with nonspecific symptoms that mimic common benign diseases in radiological findings. In this study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of nutritional and immunological indices to distinguish GBC fr...

Background: The prevention and management of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults has garnered significant attention in recent years, as these conditions are increasingly recognized as critical public health issues affecting the aging population. Literature Review: The connection between sarcopenia and osteoporosis is elaborated upon by (A....

Background This in vitro study evaluated the efficacy of professional and home-use fluoride regimens for protecting irradiated enamel, undergoing pH cycling resembling xerostomia. Methods Sixty human premolar teeth were irradiated with a total dose of 70 Gy and subsequently sectioned into 3 × 3 cm enamel slabs. These slabs were randomly distribute...

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition and frailty are independent risk factors of prolonged hospitalization and mortality, respectively. However, the combined association of these conditions with the risk of prolonged hospitalization and mortality in hospitalized elderly patients remains unclear. Our object was to investigate the combined association...

Purpose Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common and aggressive forms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (aCGA) in assessing frailty and predicting clinical outcomes in elderly patients with DLBCL. Methods A total of 91 patients aged ≥...