Geological Processes - Science topic

The Chaura Thrust, located in Himachal Pradesh, India, is a prominent geological feature that exhibits characteristics of an out-of-sequence thrust fault. This paper explores the geological setting of Himachal Pradesh, focusing on the Chaura Thrust's unique characteristics, its classification as an out-of-sequence thrust, and the implications of it...

This study evaluates petrophysical properties (especially porosity, permeability, tortuosity, and dif-fusivity) of representative geological rocks in the context of injectivity, storage space, and caprock integrity for effective utilization and long-term storage of carbon dioxide. A total of 10 geological rocks were selected as representative stora...

The article presents the results of engineering-geological work performed on the site of the planned construction to study the geological, hydrogeological conditions, determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of soils, determine the degree of aggressiveness of soils and underground water to the foundation material, clarify the seis...

Over the past half century, apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronometry has been widely used in the studies of thermal histories of Earth’s uppermost crust. The acquired thermal histories in turn can be used to quantify many geologic processes such as erosion, sedimentary burial, and tectonic deformation. However, the current practice of acquirin...

Earth flows are complex geological processes that, when interacting with linear infrastructures, have the potential to cause significant damage. Consequently, conducting comprehensive investigations and continuous monitoring are becoming paramount in designing effective mitigation measures and ensuring sustainable risk management practices. The use...

Rockfalls are one of the natural hazards that can endanger infrastructure and cause large economic damage and in some extreme situations also endanger human lives. Rockfalls are the result of a long geologic process (tectonics, weathering, etc.), but the fall is sudden. Triggering mechanisms are complex and difficult to follow. Some common processe...

The use of NanoSIMS on primary melt inclusions in partially melted rocks is a powerful approach to clarify the budget of volatiles at depth during crust formation and its reworking. Anatectic melt inclusions are indeed gateways to quantify H2O, halogens and other species (e.g. CO2, N) partitioned into the deep partial melts generated during metamor...

Oil production in offshore regions involves the transportation of oil and gas in submarine pipelines, which are vulnerable to geological processes triggered by subsurface oil production like fault reactivation. The fault reactivation process can lead to phenomena that impact the seabed, like subsidence and fluid exudation, and can trigger instabili...

Boulders form from a variety of geological processes, which their size, shape, and orientation may help us better understand. Furthermore, they represent potential hazards to spacecraft landing that need to be characterized. However, mapping individual boulders across vast areas is extremely labor‐intensive, often limiting the extent over which the...

Through a detailed study of the abundances and spatial-temporal distribution patterns of Te, Bi, As, Se, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, and Ag in the rock types of different geological epochs in the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit, and in combination with other research findings of previous researchers in this area, the authors conclude as follows: Abunda...

Studies of geological hazards and their interactions are of fundamental importance for the Republic of Armenia, which is located on the axial part of Arabia-Eurasian continental collision zone and characterized by a high density of active geological structures. Sevan Lake basin represents 16.4% of the Armenian territory (1240km2 of fresh water), lo...

The development of mineral deposits causes changes that are comparable to natural exogenous geological processes, and prevail over the latter in local areas of intensive mining activity. In this article, a diamond deposit is selected, developed by quarries of great depth, and a forecast is made of the impact of drainage water discharge on changes i...

The scarcity of data on the hydrogeochemistry of coastal aquifers near the south Caspian Sea justified the current study. The evaluation was conducted on the groundwater found in the Behshahr-Bandargaz coastal aquifer using classical integrated methods, statistical analyses, and GIS applications. The hydrochemical assessment included 48 groundwater...

The Mishrif sequence in the West Qurna oilfield is a long-term, second-order shallowing-upward cycle with a regional unconformity at the top. Due to changes in rock textures and pore types, permeability in the Mishrif is highly variable (ranging from < 0.01 to > 1000 mD) and does not generally correlate well to porosity. Nevertheless, there is gene...

Landslides occur as a result of a geological process caused by the displacement of rock or soil masses. In general, landslides are caused by shifting soil and excessive water content due to high rainfall. One of the processes that occur in rivers is sedimentation With the entry of sediment into the river flow, it will result in increased river surf...

Geodiversity, comprising both endogenous and exogenous geological processes, plays a crucial role in shaping the structure and functionality of natural systems, alongside its substantial impact on human well-being. However, the often-overlooked interconnection between geodiversity components limits our comprehension of geosystems. In the Chinchiná...

A small basin on the Southwest (SW) margin of Melas Chasma in Valles Marineris, Mars, hosts a variety of previously identified sedimentary fans and layered strata hypothesized to have been formed by one or more paleolakes. This basin also contains light‐toned layered mounds that have distinct spectral absorption bands consistent with amorphous hydr...

If the Anthropocene marks a changed way of being in the world resulting from the integration of human activity and geological processes, a main question is how this situation may be aesthetically represented and with what implications. This article sketches an aesthetics of the Anthropocene by analyzing artistic engagements with advanced tools of v...

The Euphrates River is one of the most important rivers in West Asia, passing through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq, and is vital to their economies. Several factors influence river water chemistry, including location, river bed geology, human activities, and environmental conditions. The upstream activities (dam construction, agricultural activities, an...

SLR could affect the waters of Palabuhanratu Bay, which are exposed to the Indian Ocean. Sea levels are rising due to RSL and ASL changes. RSL has increased by 22.86 mm/year based on tidal data for 2013–2022. In contrast, ASL has increased by 4.48 mm/year based on satellite altimetry data for 1992–2022. The research uses the linear regression metho...

Los suelos provienen de la desintegración de cuerpos rocosos y responde a la dinámica de procesos geológicos, los cuales no se limitan a un área o tiempo específico. En consecuencia, el suelo muestra cambios en la distribución espacial (dirección vertical y horizontal) de sus propiedades geomecánicas. Este fenómeno se conoce como variabilidad espac...

Reduced-oxidation-state phosphorus (reduced P, hereafter) compounds were likely available on the early Earth via meteorites or through various geologic processes. Due to their reactivity and high solubility, these compounds could have played a significant role in the origin of various organophosphorus compounds of biochemical significance. In the p...

Venus is the only other Earth-sized planet in the Solar System but it does not exhibit evidence of plate tectonics that dominates geological processes on Earth. Surface deformation on Venus is mainly driven by mantle convection and plume-lithosphere interactions, likely represented by the widespread development of the circular volcano-tectonic feat...

Forecasting of hazardous geological processes included in the natural-technical system includes interpretation, obtaining qualitative and quantitative characteristics of geological processes, as well as monitoring and forecasting the development of the natural-technical system to reduce accidents and consequences of the impact of geological process...

This article discusses the methodological approaches to the monitoring of hazardous geological processes based on airborne laser scanning. The purpose of this article is: to demonstrate the possibility of monitoring hazardous geological processes. The problems solved in the article: the representation of the theory of creating a static model, a for...

RU2655955C1), методика проведения аэрофотосъемки и/или лазерного сканирования местности с борта пилотируемого и/или беспилотного летательного аппарата (патент на изобретение RU2655956C1). Использование технологии внутритрубной диагностики позволяет обнаружить дефекты в металле, вклю-чая изменения геометрии трубопровода, дефекты сварных швов и состо...

The article analyzes the natural processes in the corridor of pipeline routes that can cause defects or accidents after the completion of construction or during the operation of the pipeline system. In the transition to a digital form of management of the processes of design, construction and operation of pipeline transport facilities, one of the m...

The article discusses the technique of “Deciphering exogenous geological processes and geological conditions” used to create maps of hazardous geological processes and engineering-geological conditions for their use in planning the urban planning activities of the urban district of the municipality of the resort city of Sochi, Krasnodar Krai.

Extraterrestrial cratering was a critical component in the evolution of the early Earth, but discovery of very ancient and deeply exhumed impact structures remains elusive, as identification tools are in short supply. The recognition of such structures is hindered by post-cratering geological processes, whereby impact-induced features common in you...

Stable craton lithosphere can undergo complex tectonic events at its margins due to peripheral tectonic activity. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of apatite and zircon fission track thermochronology (AFT & ZFT) on the Aktashtagh complex in the southeast margin of the Tarim craton, and we also pay attention to the impact of radi...

This paper presents an extension of the discrete element method using a phase-field formulation to incorporate grain shape and its evolution. The introduction of a phase variable enables an effective representation of grain geometry and facilitates the application of physical laws, such as chemo-mechanical couplings, for modeling shape changes. The...

La geología tiene un rol crucial en el desarrollo de un país como Ecuador. Entender los procesos geológicos y la geodiversidad en un país caracterizado por sus cadenas montañosas, volcanes, región costera, amazónica e insular, es fundamental para la administración de los recursos naturales, la planificación territorial y la gestión del riesgo del d...

The research utilizes an interdisciplinary approach, combining geological, ecological, and historical methods. It delves into the environmental evolution of Lake Kolon over a span of 17,700 years, shedding light on the intricate interplay between geological processes and ecological changes. The historical, statistical (PCA, DCA), and palaeoecologic...

Serpentinization is among the most important, and ubiquitous, geological processes in crustal–upper mantle conditions (<6 GPa, <600°C), altering the rheology of rocks and producing H2 that can sustain life. While observations are available to quantify serpentinization in terrestrial and mid‐ocean ridge environments, measurements within subduction z...

Shale gas exploration and development have taken significant strides in the relativelystraightforward intra-basin stability zone and intra-basin weak deformation zone of marineshale in the Sichuan Basin, South China. In addition, the extra-basin strong tectonicmodification zones have been actively explored. However, the results have been limited,wh...

Geohazards pose significant risks to communities and infrastructure, emphasizing the need for accurate susceptibility assessments to guide land-use planning and hazard management. This study presents a comprehensive method that combines Variable Weight Theory (VWT) with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess geo-environment vulnerability based...

Predicting pore pressure is essential for successful projects related to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon. At predrill stages, conventional methods calculate pore pressures based on empirical relationships. However, these methods are often inadequate for not accounting for geological processes occurring throughout the basin geo-histo...

Tectonic relief is basis of detailed structural analysis and balanced cross section construction and restoration. For a long time, there was no rigorous definition and a lack of theoretical description of tectonic relief. To a large extent, the analysis of tectonic relief in the past was limited to topographic and structural reliefs. Based on an un...

Geology of the Revised and updated translation of Geologie der Alpen, Second Edition Geology of the Alps Pfiffner Revised and updated translation of Geologie der Alpen, Second Edition The Alps, with their outstanding outcrop conditions, represent a superb natural laboratory for many geological processes, and have played a crucial role in the histor...

This research aims to depict the characteristics and causal factors influencing the Mramor creep landslide, typically found in Neogene formations in southern Serbia, especially along the left bank of the South Morava River. Given that this particular landslide has been active for more than 70 years and covers an area of approximately 1 km², it dire...

The meridional overturning circulation influences the deep‐sea carbon reservoir, global carbon cycle, and climate change on century to millennium time scales. However, the influence of deep‐sea circulation on sedimentary carbonate accumulation and thus deep‐sea carbonate system in the North Pacific Ocean is difficult to quantify owing to the compli...

This study evaluates the use of magnetic susceptibility and magnetization vector inversion techniques to identify polymetallic mineralization in Afghanistan's Panjshir area. A ground magnetic survey was conducted to collect high-resolution magnetic data, revealing magnetic anomalies linked to polymetallic mineralization. These anomalies are spatial...

The Qinling Shan is located between the North China Craton and the South China Block. Not only is investigating the exhumation process of the Qinling Shan beneficial for comprehending the tectonic collision history of mainland China but also for enhancing our understanding of the development of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Previous studies have p...

Розглядаються взаємозв’язки еволюції природних процесів з позиції концепції динаміки еволюції земної кори. З позиції концепції при обертанні Землі навколо своєї осі утворюються геодинамічні сили. Основні природні процеси відбуваються під впливом цих сил. Зазначені сили у ліку Землі розповсюджуються з певними закономірностями. Ці закономірності вира...

The El Gir study area is located specifically at the north-western edge of the Bou Offrokh serpentinite massif, at the western extremity of the Bou Azzer El Graara inlier, which is an integral part of the Pan-African belt of the central Anti-Atlas. The El Gir sector is part of the extensive Bou Offrokh massif, located approximately 8 Km west of the...

Transient creep of crustal rocks is important to explain time‐dependent geological processes such as postseismic deformation following a large continental earthquake. While the steady‐state creep flow law parameters of quartz and feldspar, major minerals in the upper and lower crust, are well known, the physical mechanism behind transient creep and...

As geoscientists, we must prioritize improving our ability to communicate science to the public. Effective geoscience communication enables communities to understand how geological processes have shaped our planet and make informed decisions about Earth’s future. However, geoscience research outputs have traditionally been published in peer-reviewe...

Identification of Martian analogue sites on Earth is a key in understanding the mineralogical evolution of Mars. Montmorillonite and vermiculite within red boles in and around Aurangabad (Maharashtra) were investigated as a mineralogical analogue site basaltic environs of planet Mars using ASD field spectro-radiometer in visible near-infrared and s...

Due to tidal dissipation, the Earth's rotation has been slowing down, but the past rates of this process remain subject of debate. Here we conducted a comprehensive cyclostratigraphic analysis of eight geological datasets to further constrain the Earth's rotation history from the Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic. Our results allow us to further test theo...

In this work we discuss various selected mission concepts addressing Venus evolution through time. More specifically, we address investigations and payload instrument concepts supporting scientific goals and open questions presented in the companion articles of this volume. Also included are their related investigations (observations & modeling) an...

The stability of natural slopes composed of permafrost soils is of great concern due to the significant detrimental consequences of their destruction. In order to ensure the safe operation of such slopes, it is necessary to systematically assess and manage the sustainability risk. This report presents a control scheme based on the decision theory f...

Since 2020, although Taiwan has expelled dredgers and sand-transporting vessels from areas under its control, it has failed to stop sand loss. Marine researchers have noted that such issues problematise the ontology that underlies work on territory and ocean governance, wherein the ocean is regarded as a flat space that can be zoned and territorial...

Water quality depends on its physicochemical and biological parameters. Changes in parameters such as pH, temperature, and essential and non-essential trace metals in water can render it unfit for human use. Moreover, the characteristics of the local environment, geological processes, geochemistry, and hydrological properties of water sources also...

The long-term response and stability of underground mining works are crucial for ensuring the safety of workers, preventing costly accidents, and maintaining efficient operations. This is primarily due to the critical role these structures play in various industries, including mining, construction, and transportation. Understanding the long-term re...

The state parks from the far north of Minas Gerais are strategic for raising society's awareness about the importance of nature. Considering that in the State Parks of Montezuma, Caminho dos Gerais (PECGerais), and Serra Nova e Talhado (PESNT), there are important abiotic ecosystem services, geodiversity must be incorporated into environmental inte...

The Po Plain (Italy) is one of the most densely populated and productive regions of Europe, characterized by a flourishing economy (also linked to strategic subsurface resources) and several world cultural and natural heritage sites. The coupling of socio-economic interests with geological hazards (i.e. seismic, subsidence, and flooding hazards) in...

Minerals are the fundamental record of abiotic processes over time, while biominerals are one of the most common records of life due to their easy preservation and abundance. However, distinguishing between biominerals and abiotic minerals is challenging due to the superimposi-tion and repetition of geologic processes and the interference of ubiqui...

This work delves into the presence of REE-Ti-Zr-U-Th minerals, in the mafic–intermediate rocks of the Maronia pluton, Greece, an Oligocene intrusion formed through arc-magmatism during subduction. In Maronia monzodiorite, critical metals are contained in three principal mineral groups, namely, the REE-Ti-Zr, REE-Ca-P, and U-Th assemblages. The REE-...

The lithological and malacological studies covered sediments forming the low terrace of the Rogoźnik Stream in the northwest part of the Podhale Basin. This terrace is characterised by a uniform structure within a significant part of the valley. Three layers of gravel and four layers of sandy and silty muds were found there. A rich and diversified...

The Late Permian strata of the Xuanwei Formation in the eastern Yunnan region exhibit extensive diverse morphological features within siderite deposits. These variations in siderite deposits suggest potential differences in their formation processes. In this study, fieldwork and comprehensive indoor studies revealed four distinct forms of siderite...

Earth Sciences (ES) are relevant to society and its relationship to the Earth system. However, ES education, in K-12 environments in the United States, face several challenges including limited exposure to ES, lack of awareness of ES careers, and low ES literacy. International associations have recognized these challenges and recommended that Earth...

Abstract. The geological history of the Romanian territory spanned ca. 2.0 Ga from the Proterozoic to the present time (Balintoni 2000). There are plenty of geological events where one or more fluid/melt phases were involved during their formation time. Metamorphic, magmatic and sedimentary rocks were generated during Wilson cycles characterized by...

Le cavità ipogeniche sono il risultato della dissoluzione di rocce solubili da non è geneticamente collegata a pro-contrasto con la "classica" speleogene-si epigenica, il percorso di migrazione delle acque avviene spesso dal basso la cui aggressività è solitamente acqui-sita da processi geologici profondi, in-dagli acidi presenti nel suolo. Spesso...

Oceans are crucial to human survival, providing natural resources and most of the global oxygen supply, and are responsible for a large portion of worldwide economic development. Although it is widely considered a silent world, the sea is filled with natural sounds generated by marine life and geological processes. Man-made underwater sounds, such...

Paleoclimate reconstructions are now integral to climate assessments, yet the consequences of using different methodologies and proxy data require rigorous benchmarking. Pseudoproxy experiments (PPEs) provide a tractable and transparent test bed for evaluating climate reconstruction methods and their sensitivity to aspects of real-world proxy netwo...

The presence of hot springs has long been of scientific and cultural interest, with Himachal Pradesh, India, standing out as a region renowned for its geothermal resources and picturesque landscapes, attracting attention from Scientist, Researchers, Geologists, and tourists alike. This study presents an overview of a comprehensive study that delves...

In the Awash River basin (Ethiopia), massive urbanization and industrialization, driven by rapid development and human settlement, are detrimental to the environment and human health as pollutants such as heavy metals (HMs) find their way into water bodies without proper treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the HMs content and polluti...

Magnetotelluric (MT) transfer functions, which carry information about the subsurface resistivity distribution, remain constant over time in geologically stable regions. However, recent results indicate the presence of significant seasonal changes in tipper/induction arrows irrespective of the geological processes. We have obtained the annual and s...

This study introduces a new approach for in-situ Rb-Sr dating that utilizes rapid line scans instead of static spot ablation, enabling the creation of two-dimensional 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio and Rb-Sr age maps. The data acquisition is conducted utilizing an ICP-MS/MS instrument with N2O as the reaction gas, coupled to a 193 nm excimer...

Modern analytical advancements play a key role in geologists understanding and interpretation of past events. Particularly, the determination of the ages of rock formations has become indispensable for comprehending geological processes. Over the past century, dating techniques utilizing the decay rates of radiogenic isotopes have become widely pre...

In a science-based site selection procedure (StandAV), the Federal Republic of Germany is searching for a site with the best possible safety for a repository for high-level waste (HLW) over a period of 1 million years. This is a challenging task, given the size of Germany, its geological variability and the verification period required to ensure th...

Mineral hydration is an important geological process that influences the rheology and geochemistry of rocks and the fluid budget of the Earth's crust and mantle. Constant-stress differential compaction (CSDC) tests, dry and “wet” tests under confining pressure, and axial-stress tests were conducted for the first time to investigate the influence of...

Quality groundwater is the most essential prerequisite for the better livelihood of the coastal villages and a vital resource for a safe living. Seawater interaction and coastal inundation modify hydro geochemical cycles leading to gross utility as a challenge. Poor quality water intake causes diseases and seriously affects human health. In this st...

Medical geology is an emerging discipline that, broadly defined, examines the public health impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes. Medical Geology, the study of the impacts of geologic materials and processes on animal and human health, is a dynamic emerging discipline bringing together the geosciences, biomedical, and public health...

Bai Hassan Formation is exposed as remnants of beds from previous formations due to severe erosion that were removed. Results from grain size analysis revealed that most of the studied sediments were coarse-grained sediments ranging from coarse sand to gravel. The study shows that the sediments are poorly sorted. The values of skewed coefficients r...

The paper discusses the proposed development plan of a nuclear power plant in the Ujung Lemah Abang (ULA) region, located in the northern part of Mount Muria in Central Java, Indonesia. The study evaluates the potential volcanic disasters at the proposed site of the Ujung Lemah Abang nuclear power plant (NPP-ULA) near Mount Muria using the Bayesian...

For more than 150 years, geologic characteristics claimed to be evidence for pre-Pleistocene glaciations have been debated. Advancements in recent decades, in understanding features generated by mainly glacial and mass flow processes, are here reviewed. Detailed studies of data offered in support of pre- Pleistocene glaciations have led to revision...

In geological mapping, maps of K, Th, and U concentrations provided by airborne radiometric surveys are widely used to delineate geological units in tropical regions from the few rare outcrops. Indeed, thanks to their specific geochemical properties and behaviors, K, Th, and U allow us to trace geological processes. However, the combination of the...

Craters on the lunar surface are the most direct method for the study of geological processes and are of great significance to the study of lunar evolution. In order to fill the research gap on small craters (diameter less than 3 m), we focus on the small craters around the moving path of the Yutu-2 lunar rover and carry out a 3D reconstruction and...