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Questions related to Geography
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Do all open-access remote sensing and geography journals require a publishing charge?
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In your opinion, is it better to publish an article in a closed-access journal like Elsevier or Springer, or do you prefer to publish your work in other low-impact factor journals with open access?
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What is the most important factor of misunderstanding in teaching geography among students?
How can the teaching of geography be separated for students?
Thank you in advance for the links to the articles
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Thank you for your question and your discussion! Teaching geography effectively is a valuable endeavor, and addressing students' misunderstandings is a crucial aspect of this process. Here are some insights into how geography can be taught to pupils separately and the key factors contributing to misunderstandings:
Teaching Geography Separately for Students:
  1. Curriculum Design: Start by designing a well-structured curriculum that breaks down geography into various themes or units. This helps in separating different aspects of geography and ensures that students can focus on specific topics one at a time.
  2. Hands-On Learning: Incorporate hands-on learning experiences, such as field trips, map reading, and geographic technology (GIS), to engage students and make the subject more tangible.
  3. Visual Aids: Use maps, globes, charts, and multimedia resources to visually represent geographic concepts. Visual aids help students understand spatial relationships and concepts more effectively.
  4. Interactive Activities: Incorporate interactive activities, group projects, and discussions to encourage students to explore geography in a collaborative and engaging way.
  5. Local and Global Perspective: Teach geography by connecting local and global perspectives. Start with familiar local environments, gradually expanding to regional, national, and global contexts.
  6. Storytelling: Share stories and real-life examples related to geographic concepts. Stories can make the subject matter more relatable and memorable.
  7. Cultural and Environmental Context: Highlight the cultural, social, and environmental aspects of geography to provide a holistic view of the subject.
Factors Contributing to Misunderstandings in Geography:
  1. Overwhelming Content: Geography can be a vast subject, and students might feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of information. Breaking it down into manageable units can help alleviate this issue.
  2. Lack of Prior Knowledge: Misunderstandings can occur when students lack foundational knowledge. It's important to assess students' prior knowledge and build upon it.
  3. Complex Terminology: Geography often uses specific terminology and concepts that may be challenging for students. Simplify explanations and gradually introduce technical terms.
  4. Abstract Concepts: Geography can involve abstract concepts like spatial distribution and geographic patterns. Using concrete examples and practical applications can clarify such concepts.
  5. Disconnected Learning: When students don't see the relevance of geography to their daily lives, it can lead to misunderstandings. Show how geography is relevant to their surroundings and current events.
  6. Lack of Spatial Thinking Skills: Geography requires spatial thinking skills. Provide opportunities for students to develop these skills through map reading, navigation, and analysis.
  7. Assessment and Feedback: Regular assessment and feedback are essential to identify and address misunderstandings. Provide opportunities for students to ask questions and seek clarification.
Teaching geography effectively is a dynamic process that involves adapting to the needs of individual students. By focusing on a well-structured curriculum, interactive learning, and addressing the key factors contributing to misunderstandings, educators can make geography more accessible and engaging for pupils.
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Escribo una Antología del Anuario de Geografía, que se publicó entre 1961 y 1994, donde Guerasimov publicó un artículo, por lo que necesito más información sobre él. Agradeceré información al respecto.
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Buenos días, desafortunadamente no hablo español, pero si no me equivoco, te refieres a Inocencio Gerasimov. Aquí hay algunos materiales sobre esta famosa ciencia del suelo: https://vk.com/wall-171056360_129553 http://i.geo-site.ru/node/196 https://bioslovhist.spbu.ru/person/3443-gerasimov-innokentij-petrovic.html También en Rusia hay grandes bibliotecas (donde se recogen muchos materiales en diferentes campos de las Ciencias), la principal es la biblioteca estatal rusa. También, creo que Usted puede ayudar en el Museo de Agronomía del Suelo que lleva el nombre de W. R. Williams
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Will the earth be full of humans both aged and infants? What would have happened to the planet earth if there was no death?
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Excelente Respuesta. Felicitaciones.
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What are the most important mechanisms on which military geography depends in the twenty-first century?
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Dear Prof., Salim Djeddai & all honorable researchers,
Military geography in the twenty-first century relies on several important mechanisms that have evolved with technological advancements and changing geopolitical landscapes. Some of the key mechanisms include:
  1. Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT): Geospatial intelligence involves the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information derived from satellite imagery, aerial photography, and other geographic data. It plays a crucial role in military operations, providing commanders with valuable insights into terrain, infrastructure, and enemy activities.
  2. Remote Sensing: This mechanism involves gathering information from a distance, often using satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It aids in monitoring and assessing areas that may be difficult for humans to access, allowing for real-time data collection and surveillance.
  3. GIS (Geographic Information Systems): GIS technology integrates various forms of geospatial data to analyze, visualize, and interpret information related to military operations. It assists in decision-making, route planning, and identifying strategic locations.
  4. Navigation and GPS: Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has become an essential tool for military geography. It enables accurate positioning, navigation, and timing, crucial for troop movements, targeting, and logistics.
  5. Cyber Geospatial Intelligence: With the increasing reliance on digital networks and communication systems, cyber geospatial intelligence helps monitor and defend against cyber threats that may target critical military infrastructure.
  6. Climate and Environmental Analysis: Understanding the impact of climate and environmental factors on military operations is vital in modern warfare. Factors like extreme weather, natural disasters, and resource availability can significantly influence strategic planning.
  7. Urban Geography: As more conflicts occur in urban environments, urban geography becomes essential. It involves analyzing the complexities of cities, their structures, and population distribution, affecting tactics and strategies in urban warfare.
  8. Human Geography: Understanding the human aspects of an area, such as cultural, social, and demographic characteristics, is crucial for effective military engagement, peacekeeping missions, and conflict resolution.
  9. Border and Territorial Analysis: Military geography depends on analyzing borders, territorial claims, and disputed regions, which often have significant implications for regional stability and security.
  10. Geostrategic Analysis: Geostrategic considerations involve evaluating the geopolitical significance of regions and their impact on global politics and military affairs, influencing decisions related to alliances, military bases, and deployments.
  11. Maritime Geography: With much of the world's population and economic activities located near coastlines, maritime geography is critical for naval operations, maritime security, and controlling sea lanes of communication.
  12. Airspace Analysis: Analyzing airspace and understanding aerial capabilities is vital for air defense and managing airspace sovereignty.
These mechanisms, along with ongoing advancements in technology and data analysis, continue to shape military geography and influence military decision-making in the twenty-first century.
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Is it possible to distinguish between plant geography and vegetal geography?
Is there really a need to distinguish vegetal geography from plant geography?
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Krishna,
Yes, I believe you can distinguish between plant and vegetation, but first you need to define exactly what you mean by ‘plant’ and also by ‘vegetation’. It is similar to the definition of what is climate and weather - weather being the day to day stuff, whereas climate is weather averaged over much longer timeframes. Vegetation is more inclusive of plants living in association with many other plants. Plants, on the other hand, refer to specific plant species. Like in any research, it is important that you specify exactly the parameters within which you are studying any phenomena.
wishing you well with your research
George
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The academic journal Urban Art Bio,issn:2830-9618 Urbanism, Architecture, Territory, Bioclimatic and Biodiversity is an international multidisciplinary journal, with a reading committee, which publishes articles devoted to theoretical and applied research in Urbanism, Architecture, Territory Planning, Geography, Bioclimatic, Biodiversity and Environment, etc., edited by AJPS Publications. It is open to several multidisciplinary themes and welcomes authors from a diversity of disciplines.
The journal focuses particular attention on the practice of urban planning, architecture, geography and environment in Algeria, the Greater Maghreb, Africa and the Middle East, and other countries in the world, and is distributed in electronic version.
Urban Art Bio Academic Journal is published three times a year (May, September, December). Each volume contains three issues, the first issue for architecture and urban planning, the second issue for geography and spatial planning and the third issue for the environment, bioclimatic, and sustainable development.
Articles submitted should include a clear research question or problem, a grounding in the existing literature, an analysis of the results in dialogue with the literature, and a clear discussion of the original contribution of the article to the field of knowledge that the proposed articles focus.
Our international editorial board is composed of members who teach at the most prestigious universities. They are specialised in the following fields, related to :
Architecture, urban planning and urban professions Earth and Space Sciences Science and Technology
Research topics
The journal publishes original theoretical or applied research articles related to the following themes and areas
Architecture: landscape design, project management, etc.
Urban planning: Urban project, urban development, renewal, renovation and urban restructuring...etc.
City: urban spaces, public spaces, urban art, actors, etc.
Geography: territory, territorial planning, territorial dynamics...etc.
Environment: sustainable development, biodiversity, bioclimatic...etc.
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To consult Archive issues of Academic journal Urban Art Bio we share you the link: https://www.ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/issue/archive
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What are the factors that cause the formation of snow? Does snowfall in a region generally depend on climatic and geographical factors such as latitude, altitude, distance from the main water sources and the type of air mass cycle in the region? What other factors are involved in your opinion?
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Dear Abbas,
in addition to the factors you mention (altitude, lattitude, ambient air temperature etc.), seed crystals usually constitute another precondition for snow to form. However, even under the presence of suitable seed crystals in the atmosphere, snow formation usually only sets in below - 12 °C. And if there are no seed crystals (at all), fluid water may in some instances not even freeze/cristalize up to almost - 50 °C.
And, yes, as you say, cloud formation will also depend on the prevailing weather systems in the given area. Mid-lattitude dynamic low-pressure systems with their warm and cold fronts are a typical example. Proximity to large water bodies can also enhance or enable snow formation as does the combined effect of winds and orography (mountains).
Finally, actual snowfall observed at ground level of course requires the snow crystals not to melt on their (usually quite slow!) way to the ground. So the temperature gradient between ground level and the snow cloud formation level will be important, too.
Best,
Julius
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What is the importance of agriculture in India geography and ways in which the Himalayas impact the climate of India?
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From an economic point of view, agriculture is of great importance in India, in order to provide hard currency that serves the Indian global market by filling a large part of the global need for the rice crop, in addition to cultivating tea, whose products are almost flooding the global market, and it is one of the finest types of tea.
From a natural point of view, the extension of these mountain ranges stands in the way of the passage of air currents, which makes them pour all the rain they carry in the regions of India, and this made agriculture in some regions of India throughout the year.
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Hello erveryone.
I want to try different global and temperature models and their data that want time, longitude, latitude, and height as inputs. I already tried different models for zenith tropospheric delay and precipitable water vapor, such as the Gtrop, Gpt3, Gpt2w, and Hgpt2 models. But I want something that looks like these models, which give me pressure and temperature in output.
Is there another model other than the ones mentioned that I can use?
It's important to me that you try more models.
Thanks a lot.
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Greetings... Modern satellite visuals may help you with that if you can obtain them and analyze their climate data according to the climate bands.. Good luck.
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Which Himalayan rivers are perennial and flow the throughout the year and Himalayan rivers perennial in geography?
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Most Himalayan Rivers originating in Himalayan peaks are perennial because they are fed by melting snow throughout the year. This means that these rivers have water throughout the year. The three main Himalayan Rivers are the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra. These three rivers flow towards the West and collectively form the Himalayan River System. The Himalayan Rivers are perennial rivers as they originate in snow covered Himalayan Mountains. During summers, the snow melts and the rivers get continuous supply of water. On the contrary, the peninsular rivers depend mostly on rainfall for its supply of water and thus become dry during the summer season. Most of the Himalayan Rivers are perennial in nature because the rivers get a continuous supply of water as the snow melts, especially in the summer. The peninsular rivers mostly depended on the rains only. Most of the Himalayan Rivers are perennial because they are fed by the melting glaciers of Himalayan peaks throughout the year. During summers, the snow melts and the rivers get a continuous supply of water. The rivers that have water throughout the year are called perennial rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Bhramaputra are perennial rivers. These are both rain fed and formed through melting of the glaciers. They are also called permanent rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra including their tributaries are the perennial rivers. These both are rain-fed and are formed from the glaciers. Most of the perennial rivers originate from the mountains and the water is fed from the melting of the mountains. The Ganges River, also known as the Ganga, is a sacred river that flows through India and Bangladesh. It is approximately 2,525 km long and is considered one of the holiest rivers in the world, revered by millions of Hindus for its purifying properties. Most of the major rivers, as well as the tributaries, originated from the Himalayas. Answer: Ganga is known as the longest river in India. It originates from the western side of India, which is also known as the Gangotri glaciers. The overall length of the Ganga river is considered to be 2525 kilometres. Most of the major rivers, as well as the tributaries, originated from the Himalayas. Answer: Ganga is known as the longest river in India. It originates from the western side of India, which is also known as the Gangotri glaciers. The overall length of the Ganga River is considered to be 2525 kilometres. The rivers that have water throughout the year are called perennial rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Bhramaputra are perennial rivers. These are both rain fed and formed through melting of the glaciers. A stream or a river that flows continuously through its river bed for a year is known as a perennial river. They have water in their river bed for the whole year. Examples of perennial rivers are, the Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus, etc. They are also called permanent rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra including their tributaries are the perennial rivers. These both are rain-fed and are formed from the glaciers. Most of the perennial rivers originate from the mountains and the water is fed from the melting of the mountains.
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I would like to have some recent (since 2018) academic sources that illustrate the theory of Aesthetics and how different societies have different perceptions of it. I am looking for Eastern and Western thoughts on it.
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Askar Mambetaliev shows, that issue is more complicated:)
the answer should distinguish among what had been left of Western Roman Empire, Byzantium and the Far East /India, China/, as well as between the Middle Ages and the present. For example, individualism is a matter of the 19th and 20th centuries and seems to be wide spread.
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What causes diurnal seasonal cycles and meaning of diurnal variation in geography?
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The earth's orbit around the sun leads to seasons because of the tilt of the Earth's axis and the changes in the distribution of sunlight across the Earth's surface during the year. Diurnal variation, on the other hand, refers to the fluctuations that happen during the day and the variations in the day-night cycle that are not regulated by intrinsic or endogenous mechanisms but rather by extraneous factors. Diurnal temperature variation is the variation between a high air temperature and a low temperature that occurs during the same day. When solar radiation falls on the soil surface, it heats the soil causing a difference of temperature between surface soil and sub-soil. At day time, heat flows from surface soil to sub-soil and vice-versa at night. he large differences in the values, diurnal and seasonal variation of the measured incoming solar radiation between the dry and wet seasons are attributed to the attenuation of the flux by aerosol particles in the dry season and increased cloudiness and humidity in the wet season. The dominant pattern of diurnal variability is a maximum in rainfall over land during the afternoon/evening in response to solar heating of the surface and a morning maximum over the oceans; however, there are important exceptions to this pattern over both land and ocean. Variations in meteorological parameters such as temperature and relative humidity over the course of a day which result from the rotation of the Earth about its axis and the resultant change in incoming and outgoing radiation.
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Dear colleagues,
Do you know a source for groundwater time series data covering Jordan or the Levant?
I am particularly interested in
- daily, monthly, and annual data from
- spatial distribution across Jordan/Levant deriving from
- public domain/research institutions/NGOs over the
- time period 2001-2022
Many thanks for your suggestions and feedback!
For data sharing and questions or just a quick chat drop me an email:
Cheers!
Michael
______
contact:
Dr. Michael Kempf
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Department of Geography Physical Geography -- Landscape Ecology and Geoinformation Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 8 (R. 04.032) 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Dear Stabak Roy, many thanks for your answer.
Unfortunately, this is a dead link: https://www.wisar.aewa.org/
Cold you provide a valid URL for this?
Many thanks!
Michael
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I have been reading a lot of research considering a more-than-human approach to geographical phenomena. However, I did not come across any actual definition of "more-than-human" - nor have I been able to find one in research. Does anyone have a good reference defining more-than-human? I wonder to what extent scholars consider the expression "more-than-human" to be different from the joint binary "human/non-human".
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Geography is a science that studies the spatial and temporal relationships of phenomena on the surface of the Earth. That is, it studies the place and time of the phenomenon, whether it is human, plant, animal, soil, water or air Therefore, the study of the population needs a place and a time Thanks Prof. Dr. Safaa Majeed Al Mudhafar
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First I would like to apologize for my limitations writing in English.
I am developing a doctoral thesis in geography whose theme led me to read about the BODY. So, I would like to know the opinion of colleagues regarding two questions:
  1. Is it possible to think of the body as a geographical analysis scale as legitimate as the others commonly used?
  2. In this context, what are the limits and potential of thinking of the body as space and object of study in geography?
** I accept indications of references on this topic. Thanks in advance.
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Yes - and a specific example is, for instance, how disabilities of various sorts are expressed as the volumes a body might occupy while stationary and in motion, and other volumes and geometries of the the senses ( or lack of ) when intersected against the environment from furniture to the room, building, sidewalks, to transit stops, the vehicles, at origin and destination - and with other more ordinary human bodies and guide animals. It could also apply to disaster and emergency response, where where first responders need to traverse sometimes miles of rubble and move stretchers around staircases in nearly collapsed buildings. Christopher Alexander's "A Pattern Language" ( https://www.patternlanguage.com/ ) superficially seems to be about architecture, but reads more like human scale geography (space, time, and people). Much our attention in day to life, to some degree is determining our our body might fit in a space or move through it, at all scales. Even our thinking and language is founded on spatial metaphors of embodiment - George Lakoff, "Women, Fire and Dangerous Things" ( What Categories Reveal about the Mind ) "... conceptual metaphors are grounded in embodied representations; that is to say, we use sensory-motor experience to conceptualize abstract domains such as time, feelings, interpersonal relationships, etc. .... Thus, given the prominence of space in our perceptual and motor experience, spatial dimensions are frequently used to support rich metaphorical conceptual systems ..."
It a domain of geography that is at the intersection of many different fields ( Hmmm ... like most geographic thought). Anatomy since ancient times has used geographical terms to describe the human body, and now GIS analysis helps bring together layers of spatial geometries and attributes, "Geographical Information System Applied to a Biological System: Pelvic Girdle Ontogeny as a Morphoscape".
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I am looking for a book to support my lessons on Natural Resources for bachelor in Geography. I like very much the discussion Earth's Natural Resources, by John V. Walter:
there is a good degree of technological explanation on how to exploit the resources (explanation on solar energy, PV - rivers and basins and hydropower, wind and wind energy...) . Unfortunately the title will be going out of print.
Do you have a book top suggest that is in the similar style and that is suitable for a bachelor ?
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Lucia Margheritini Here are a few book recommendations for a geography bachelor's degree that focus on natural resources:
  1. "Natural Resources Management and Policy" by G. David Garson and Keith G. Provan is a comprehensive overview of natural resources management and policy.
  2. "Natural Resource Economics: An Introduction" by Barry C. Field is a classic textbook that covers the principles of natural resource economics and their application to resource management and policy.
  3. "Sustainable Natural Resource Management: An Introduction" by María Teresa Ayllón and David R. Johnson is a textbook that explores the principles of sustainable natural resource management and their application to the management of forests, water, soils, and other natural resources.
  4. "Natural Resource Management: The Human Dimension" by John C. Gordon and David A. Grayshon is a textbook that focuses on the social, economic, and political dimensions of natural resource management and policy.
I hope you find these tips useful! Please let me know if you have any more inquiries.
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According to Philostratus [Life of Apoll. 3.20], Indians founded sixty cities in sub-Saharan Africa 1500-1100 BCE, and according to Juba of Numidia [Plin. Nat. 2.34.97], there was an Indian colony in West Africa before 50 BCE. According to Cornelius Nepos [Geog. 3.5], an Indian tribe had sailed to Germania to do commerce, and according to Scymnus [Perieg. 167], the land of the Indians was located west from Sardinia, which would locate Indian colonies into Iberia.
Were these ancient writers referring to people who originated from India, or was the word "India" just a confused term to refer to all dark skinned people? If the latter interpretation is correct, who were these Africans who were claimed to have populated also western Europe before 150 BCE?
P.S. If you have good comments to these questions, you are warmly welcome to participate to the peer review of the India-Africa-Europe theory, which has been published at https://agilepublishing.fi/books/atlas-and-herakles
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Dear Pasi Malmi , thanks for the link to this interesting paper. The Indian presence is corroborated by linguistics, religion, archaeology and genetics. You will find a link to the summary of my findings, with a link to my main study, which was peer-reviewed and published in Scientific Culture;
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𝙎𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙖 𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙞𝙙𝙡𝙮 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙬𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙗𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙠𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙝𝙣𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙮𝙨𝙞𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 (𝙂𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙅𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚, 2014). 𝙄𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙖𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙗𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚, 𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨, 𝙜𝙚𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙝𝙮, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙚 𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙤 𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙮𝙯𝙚, 𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙩 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 (𝘽𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙟𝙚𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘾𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙖, 2016).
𝙊𝙣𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚𝙭 𝙨𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡, 𝙚𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙡, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙪𝙚𝙨. 𝙁𝙤𝙧 𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚, 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙚 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙠 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙙 𝙤𝙛 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙚𝙨, 𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙤𝙧 𝙚𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙮𝙯𝙚 𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 (𝙇𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙚𝙮 𝙚𝙩 𝙖𝙡., 2015).
𝙄𝙣 𝙎𝙧𝙞 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙠𝙖, 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙡 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙗𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙮 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙖𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙖 𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩, 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙡𝙞𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚.
𝙊𝙣𝙚 𝙠𝙚𝙮 𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙖 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙢𝙖𝙠𝙚 𝙖 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨. 𝙎𝙧𝙞 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙠𝙖 𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙖 𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨, 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙛𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙨, 𝙘𝙮𝙘𝙡𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙨𝙡𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙨. 𝘽𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙮𝙯𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖, 𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙙𝙞𝙘𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙞𝙠𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙝𝙤𝙤𝙙 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙤𝙘𝙘𝙪𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙨 (𝙂𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙅𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚, 2014). 𝙏𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙚 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙚 𝙚𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙯𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙣𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙩 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙝𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙨𝙚 𝙖𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙙 (𝘽𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙟𝙚𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘾𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙖, 2016).
𝘼𝙣𝙤𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙖 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙚 𝙗𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙚𝙨, 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙝 𝙖𝙨 𝙬𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙨. 𝘽𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙮𝙯𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖, 𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙚 𝙪𝙨𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙛𝙮 𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙨 𝙬𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙗𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙤𝙧 𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙙 (𝙇𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙚𝙮 𝙚𝙩 𝙖𝙡., 2015). 𝙏𝙝𝙞𝙨 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢 𝙙𝙚𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣-𝙢𝙖𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙜𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙚 𝙨𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙚𝙦𝙪𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚 (𝙂𝙤𝙤𝙙𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙅𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚, 2014).
𝙄𝙣 𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙚 𝙥𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨, 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙤 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮 𝙖 𝙧𝙤𝙡𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙙𝙫𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙖𝙘𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝 𝙞𝙣 𝙛𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙙𝙨 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙝 𝙖𝙨 𝙜𝙚𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙝𝙮, 𝙚𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙘𝙨. 𝘽𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙮𝙯𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖, 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙜𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙣𝙚𝙬 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚𝙭 𝙨𝙮𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙪𝙩𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙖 𝙗𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙡𝙙 𝙖𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙪𝙨 (𝘽𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙧𝙟𝙚𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘾𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚𝙖, 2016).
𝙊𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡𝙡, 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙖 𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙝𝙖𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙤 𝙢𝙖𝙠𝙚 𝙖 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙗𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙬𝙚𝙡𝙡-𝙗𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙤𝙛 𝙎𝙧𝙞 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙠𝙖. 𝘽𝙮 𝙞𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙞𝙣 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙥𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙖 𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙥𝙖𝙗𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙨, 𝙎𝙧𝙞 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙠𝙖 𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙖𝙙𝙙𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙨𝙤𝙢𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙛𝙪𝙡𝙡 𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣.
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This is an excellent presentation about the usefulness of spatial data for a country, in this case, Sri Lanka. From there on, it is necessary to work out a program to develop spatial databases with the necessary data. Therefore, the most valuable item in this discussion is the data quality using specifications and the ability to control data compliance to the specifications. The digital elevation model (DEM) is an essential layer of the data, which must cover the country, and it is recommended to have a specified accuracy better than 15 cm.
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I ask regarding the Experiments from 1926 until 1973 to measure the speed of light. If i want to put those measured velocities into relation to the equatorial diameter of earth, schould i then use
GRS 80, WGS 8419796.378.137,0 m
WGS 7219726.378.135,0 m
Internat. Ellipsoid19676.378.165,0 m
Hayford-Ellipsoid1910/246.378.388,0 m
Bessel-Ellipsoid18416.377.397,155 m
and why?
Thanks in advance
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Jens Kleb Thanks a lot. Yes thats helps. I found that Bessel was introduced after 1793, when the Meter-Convention said a meter to be 1/4 10^-7 circumference through poles. Do you also know if 1973 it was used some ellipsoid similar to Bessel ?
Thanks in advance
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Hi frds,
Would like to learn what happened in the finish, when Easter Island was not anymore sustainable?
Any archaeological prove of violence, wars, or famines? Where did the last survivors travel to?
Cherish your insights.
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There is an abundance of literature on the history of Rapa Nui ("Easter Island"). Most scientists studying Rapa Nui will find the generalized statement of becoming "unsustainable" unjustified. Note that what we are looking at was not a singular catastrophic event in time, but a very gradual process. It is also imortant to keep in mind that there wasn't anything like "last survivors", nor did they "travel" anywhere. Rapa Nui displays continuous habitation throuought its history, albeit with significant demographic fluctuations. The cultural and environmental history of Rapa Nui is very complex. It doesn't do justice to the proud Rapa Nui people to display their island's history as a showcase of "sustainability failure".
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How would we go about specifying the position of our solar system in the universe, let us say
to an intelligence residing in an unknown part of the universe (assuming for simplicity that we can neglect the sun's motion in our galaxy).
Are there any objects or "landmarks" in the universe that could be used as known points of reference that could be used to specify our location to other intelligent beings residing in a distant part of the universe ? I am thinking of an exact analogue of longitude and latitude for the earth's surface.
An obvious answer would be simply to specify the aspect of the sky (and all known data) as seen from earth or the sun. But would this really be helpful, even if this did specify uniquely our position ?
Relativistic considerations further complicate matters.
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The gold plaque on the Pioneer and Voyager craft did this using pulsars as reference points:
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Kindly help me on how geography as a subject promote these goals .
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Because it deal local, national, regional issues base cultural and social dimension over space and time scale.
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Dear experts,
is it derived from the hanging gardens?
Excuse the framing of the question, agnostic perspective, which may be wrong.
Cherish your expertise.
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Quite apart from the historico-critical answers to this question, there is a psycho-dynamic issue: namely, the deep-seated longing for a situation where all is unspoilt by human error/wrong-doing. Every parent has this hope/longing for a new-born child.
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I'm considering topics for a PhD dissertation in Economics and I've considered the topic of rural exodus and its relationship with public policy and urban planning as a recommendation by my director. However, while I find it interesting, I am not familiar with the literature. Where should I start?
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La temática sobre Geografía de la población y Censos demográficos son fuentes del tema que has nombrado.
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We know that the threshold value varies by geography. For the reason identifying this value is challenging and there is a considerable risk of identifying the incorrect value. That is why my primary goal is to precisely determine threshold value so that I can separate vegetations for a specific area from the rest of the landscape.
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NDVI values vary depending on the volume and condition of the vegetation cover. In the same region there may be crops with soil gaps, or meadows (with high/medium/low green (fresh) or dry yellowed grass, and forests (coniferous or deciduous)/ Each of these sites/vegetation states may correspond to different NDVI values. For this reason, each of these landscapes will have a different range of NDVI values. That's why your question misses the main point - from which landscape do you want to separate your particular site? What index values will be found in your study area?
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In my previous question I suggested using the Research Gate platform to launch large-scale spatio temporal comparative researches.
The following is the description of one of the problems of pressing importance for humanitarian and educational sectors.
For the last several decades there has been a gradual loss in quality of education on all its levels . We can observe that our universities are progressively turning into entertaining institutions, where students parties, musical and sport activities are valued higher than studying in a library or working on painstaking calculations.
In 1998 Vladimir Arnold (1937 – 2010), one of the greatest mathematicians of our times, in his article “Mathematical Innumeracy Scarier Than Inquisition Fires” (newspaper “Izvestia”, Moscow) stated that the power players didn’t need all the people to be able to think and analyze, only “cogs in machines,” serving their interests and business processes. He also wrote that American students didn’t know how to sum up simple fractions. Most of them sum up numerator and denominators of one simple fraction with the ones of the other, i.e. as they did it, 1/2+ 1/3 according to their understand is equal to 2/5 . Vladimir Arnold pointed out that with this kind of education, students can’t think, prove and reason – they are easy to turn into a crowd, to be easily manipulated by cunning politicians because they don’t usually understand causes and effects of political acts. I would add, for myself, that this process is quite understandable and expected because computers, internet and consumer society lifestyle (with its continuous rush for more and newer commodities we are induced to regard as a healthy behavior) have wiped off young people’s skills in elementary logic and eagerness to study hard. And this is exactly what the consumer economics and its bosses, the owners of international businesses and local magnates, need.
I recall a funny incident that happened in Kharkov (Ukraine). One Biology student was asked what “two squared” was. He answered that it was the number 2 inscribed into a square.
The level and the scale of education and intellectual decline described can be easily measured with the help of the Research Gate platform. It could be appropriate to test students’ logic abilities, instead of guess-the-answer tests which have taken over all the universities within the framework of Bologna Process which victorious march on the territories of former Soviet states. Many people can remember the fact that Soviet education system was one of the best in the world. I have therefore suggested the following tests:
1. In a Nikolai Bogdanov-Belsky (1868-1945) painting “Oral accounting at Rachinsky's People's school”(1895) one could see boys in a village school at a mental arithmetic lesson. Their teacher, Sergei Rachinsky (1833-1902), the school headmaster and also a professor at the Moscow University in the 1860s, offered the children the following exercise to do a mental calculation (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BogdanovBelsky_UstnySchet.jpg?uselang=ru):
(10 х 10 + 11 х 11 + 12 х 12 + 13 х 13 + 14 х 14) / 365 = ?
(there is no provision here on Research Gate to write square of the numbers,thats why I have writen through multiplication of the numbers )
19th century peasant children with basted shoes (“lapti”) were able to solve such task mentally. This year, in September, this very exercise was given to the senior high school pupils and the first year students of a university with major in Physics and Technology in Kyiv (the capital of Ukraine) and no one could solve it.
2. Exercise of a famous mathematician Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855): to calculate mentally the sum of the first one hundred positive integers:
1+2+3+4+…+100 = ?
3. Albrecht Dürer’s (1471-1528) magic square (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_square)
The German Renaissance painter was amazed by the mathematical properties of the magic square, which were described in Europe firstly in Spanish (the 1280s) and Italian (14th century) manuscripts. He used the image of the square as a detail for in his Melancholia I painting , which was drawn in 1514, and included the numbers 15 and 14 in his magic square:
16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1
Ask your students to find regularities in this magic square. In case this exercise seems hard, you can offer them Lo Shu (2200 BC) square, a simpler variant of magic square of the third order (minimal non-trivial case):
4 9 2
3 5 7
8 1 6
4. Summing up of simple fractions.
According to Vladimir Arnold’s popular articles, in the era of computers and Internet, this test becomes an absolute obstacle for more and more students all over the world. Any exercises of the following type will be appropriate at this part:
3/7 + 7/3 = ? and 5/6 + 7/15=?
I think these four tests will be enough. All of them are for logical skills, unlike the tests created under Bologna Process.
Dear colleagues, professors and teachers,
You can offer these tasks to the students at your colleges and universities and share the results here, at the Research Gate platform, so that we all can see the landscape of the wretchedness and misery resulted from neoliberal economics and globalization.
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I would like to know your opinion about the prisoners of geography around the world.
  • How to overcome the individualistic idea of ​​poverty?
  • What is the relationship between the poverty of the places and the poverty of the people?
  • How can one think of a general model to analyze the topic of local structures versus household poverty?
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I don't think people are necessarily prisoners of geography. Geography can place potential barriers to progress but these are not insurmountable. The factor of human agency and ingenuity tends to be ignored in studies of the link between place and poverty. Social, economic, political, historical factors as well as individual choices may offer more clues to the real roots of poverty than the place where one is born or lives.
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I am interested in seeing whether the focus of GIScience studies have shifted over the last few decades from being more local or regional in scale towards global. My assumption is that due to the availability and accessibility of global datasets (e.g. user generated data) and technical advancements that make it possible to analyse these datasets triggered a shift in geographic focus.
In a recent review of OpenStreetMap related publications, we found that 6.5% of analyzed publications had a global focus [1] . I was wondering if there are similar review papers that are broader in scope.
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You may find answers from this paper: “What Were GIScience Scholars Interested in During the Past Decades?”
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Research becoming more transdisciplinary with each passing day, the boundaries drawn between each discipline and paradigm is constantly changing. Kindly substantiate your answer
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Geography predates the division of knowledge into specific disciplines. In the beginning it was simply writing about the earth from the Greek words geo graphein. This is why it overlaps with climatology, hydrology, geology, biology, epidemiology, pedology etc. in the natural sciences and economics, sociology, politics, history, languages, literary studies etc. in the social sciences and humanities. In fact some have gone so far as to say there is no such thing as geography as a specific discipline. However, others have said that whenever we focus on the nature, causes and effects of spatial variation of any phenomenon over the earth's surface we are doing geographical work. So to answer your question directly: Yes, literary geography can be considered a part of geography as long as it studies spatial aspects of literature.
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Hello, for an article I am looking for maps of the Crimean peninsula (ideally textbooks or atlases) from Russia and Ukraine to compare. Does anyone have appropriate materials or know of suitable contacts (textbook publishers or universities)? Best regards.
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Sorry, I don't have maps of Crimea
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Mainly their works are in German or in Swedish, may be someone has read Politishce Geographie in English?
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Dear Anna-Maria and Shota,
yes, I agree with you both that there are a lot of very useful secondary sources on Ratzel et al. However, I sometimes had the feeling that proponents of so-called "critical geopolitics" had perhaps made some undue claims about the origins of geopolitics, geostrategy etc. - especially about their implications for today's world. That's why I would always argue for trying to read the original sources (a descent English translation should make do, too, of course).
Thanks & cheers to everyone!
Julius
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The ancient Amazon women cultures had been described in the very early books of Hecataios from Miletos, Herodotos from Halicarnassos and others as well as in the book of Geography written by Strabon from Amasia, all from Turkey, where Amazon women had named cities like Termiskyra at the Black Sea coast, Ephesia, Smyrna at the Aegean Sea coast, etc. Why could we not find any remainings from Amazon women cultures, besides their graves?
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The stories about the Amazons are plentiful in the ancient Greek writings. In order to understand them fully one has to study the meaning of the names of the Amazons themselves. As an example, one of them "Ypsilipili" means "tall gate", therefore, she was a rather tall person. "Smyrne" is a name for an aromatic plant probably grown around the town of Smyrne, etc
How about the Amazon river in South America? Did the Amazons travelled there or was it called after women warriors gave a hard time to the first explorers?
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Interested to join the launched 'Climate and Environmental Change Network' at the biggest university and research association "Unimed" for multilateral scientific cooperation.
Get more info at https://t.co/bSnMWFIVy7
Deadline : July 30th. Don't miss it ↗️
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Good for sharing, this was an interesting program.
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I'm part of a project creating a public atlas to document and map people's subjective experiences of extreme weather events. I've included information and a link to a short survey below. Feel free to fill this out yourself, and/or forward to your networks via email, social media, etc. Thanks!
Extreme Weather Events Survey
Ecologies of Harm: Mapping Contexts of Vulnerability in the Time of Covid-19 The University of British Columbia
This is a digital commons project intended to provide equitable access to knowledge.
COVID-19 presents the potential for people and groups to become exposed to harm in new ways. To see the overlapping ways in which these harms may be occurring, we’ve designed a survey for experiences of extreme weather events that are affecting people across the world.
This is a citizen / community observation survey, open to anyone 18 years of age and older who wishes to contribute. Your descriptions will upload directly to an interactive map of the world that is publicly accessible on this website: https://blogs.ubc.ca/ecologiesofharmproject
Your participation is entirely voluntary, and you do not have to answer every question. If you do wish to participate, you do not need to record your name. You may contribute as many observations as you like!
Please share widely, and keep in mind that re-posting, “liking,” or “following,” will be visible to others on public network platforms.
Link to survey: https://arcg.is/fvO4G0
Principal Investigator: Dr. Leslie Robertson
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Excellent! Thanks very much for contributing Christian.
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Any recommendations for a good "Research Methods" textbook suitable for Geography undergraduates? Which textbooks do you like? Or any recommendations for open source online research methods textbooks?
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There are a number of excellent references. Take for example:
Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (2011, 7th edn.). Research Methods in Education (7th edn.), London: Routledge
Connolly, P. (2007). Quantitative Data Analysis in Education: a Critical Introduction Using SPSS, London; New York: Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th edn.), Boston: Pearson.
Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and mixed methods Approach. Los Angeles, Calif; London: Sage
Denscombe, M. (2014). The Good Research Guide: For Small Scare Social Research Projects (5th edn). McGraw-Hill.
Morgan, D. L. & Nica, A. (2020). Iterative Thematic Inquiry: A New Method for Analyzing Qualitative Data. (2020). International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-11.
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Dear colleagues,
Does anyone know if there is any rainfall threshold (mm/year, month or day, etc.) for a city to be considered "rainy" or "very rainy"? Or the rainfall intensity thresholds (weak, moderate, heavy, etc.)? Are there any international standards, for example from ISO or another institution? If there is a reference to support it, it will help better.
Ditto for wind speed thresholds (m/s or kt) for a place to be considered "windy". Does anyone know any references?
Thank you in advance for your attention.
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Dear Christiano,
The concept of Precipitation Concentration is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitations. Many authors define thresholds which mostly converge: the most common (you can find in the following open access article) are :
Wet day: >= 1mm/day
Heavy wet day: >= 10mm/day
Extreme wet day: >= 50mm/day
Best regards,
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  • Mendeley.
  • ReadCube Papers.
  • EndNote.
  • EasyBib.com.
  • Zotero.
  • Cite This For Me (formerly RefME)
  • Paperpile.
  • Sciwheel.
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Dear Researchers,
In the remote sensing application to a volcanic activity wherein, the objective is to determine the temperature, which portion (more specifically the range) of the EM spectrum can detect the electromagnetic emissions of hot volcanic surfaces (which are a function of the temperature and emissivity of the surface and can achieve temperature as high as 1000°C)? Why?
Sincerely,
Aman Srivastava
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8-15
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I can think of geography when trying to find the top peak or the lowest valley.
What else in our physical world or perception that can relate to this concept?
Like waves also have so many local optimums ...
Also related are covex set rule
that all end points have to be connected? Is this something from biology?
Recent view from DeepLearning on the switch to saddle points rather than global optimums ...
(298) The Problem of Local Optima (C2W3L10) - YouTube
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My regards first of all Congratulations, very interesting question, Thank you Please recommend items
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Any field 
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Arcmap.
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Geomorphology, Geography, Geology and Coastal
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Desiree Beaudry , Mostly he need to download the pdf copy of the article. Arun Kumar K C already give him what he need.
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I am looking for feedback from English language learners who have developed their language skills through the fields of Cartography/Geography.
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Long ago, I was a polish kid with an open mind and a wish for learning new things about the world. I was always curious about distant places and exotic lands. I love maps and atlases. They are very useful tool, especialy at school, but they also bring so much joy for young readers. I cherish many beautifuly ilustrated books and encyclopedias given to me by my mum. She hoped to spark in me intrest to learn and to think about our world, its problems and hidden treasures. I enjoyed learning English too in my early childhood. Sometimes I enjoyed it much more than learning about my mother tongue! At some time, I was given a lesson by my Godmother to folow my personal interests by using English language. She said - "Do what you want, and read what you want, but read it in English!" And that's a secret. This is how I polish my English right now. I have still much to learn thow. I also keen on Tolkien and his works. He was a linguist, and he created magnificent world resembling one of my favourite epochs in history, the transistion time between Late Antiquity and so called Dark Ages. He introduced me to a world of ancient ethymologies, roots of words, and forgotten meanings. The marvelous odyssey of early germanic peoples, Saxons, Jutes and Angles seeking new home in Auld land of Brittania. From humble origins, as pirates, mercenaries and auxilaries from today Niedersachsen and Denmark, they have established petty kingdoms and so called English Heptarchy, and then, they have experienced truly heroic period led by Alfred the Great repelling pagan invasions. Gradually they united and developed their civilisation with a little help of the Normans :) Their world was transforming, jus as their language, reciving another wave of new words of romance origin. It is so fascinating! Now lets talk about a couple of words wich still retain their archaic meaning. Oxford for example, the name implies it was a river crossing. We have many place names ending with -shire, or -borough. Such words can tell us much about old administrative systems. We have place names with endings like -by, or -ville. We can see clearly that they have a foreign origin, Viking and Norman respectively. Lets talk about Newfoundland - it is so obvious it doesn't need any explanation at all. I could add many more examples. To sum up, there are plenty of reasons why Geography can help us understand language and culture of particular country. I hope my way too long text was just a little bit helpful to You. God bless You and stay healthy!
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Dear all,
I am new in the Mobility of populations movement, coming up with 2 questions:
1. What is the definition of Mobility and Migration in terms of populations movement? What are their differences in Geography and Anthropology?
2. What are the common or well-known conceptual and analytical frameworks and theories for the study at micro and macro levels?
Thanks in advance,
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Hi Li, as per your question, The term "geographic mobility" refers to how people and goods travel over time. A measure that tracks movement within a country is known as geographic mobility, population mobility, or simply mobility. It's a term that's commonly used in demography and population studies to describe the movement of populations between spaces. These relocations may be as big as foreign relocations. Mobility is mostly temporary in nature.
While migration is the movement of people between regions or countries. It is the process of changing's one place of residence and permanently living from a region or a country. According to the UN Demographic dictionary " Migration is such an event in which people move from one geographical area to another area. When people leaving their place of residence and go to live permanently in another area is called migration". It may be temporary or permanent with intentions of returning to the place of origin in future.
For your further clarification attaching some reference below,
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I'm interesting in know the periods during the Miocene where the Balearic Islands could have been submerged and, the periods (before the Messinian) where the islands could have been connected to the Iberian Peninsula.
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Lahore Journal of Policy Studies
Special Issue on Covid-19
Call for Papers
Dear Sir/Madam
We intend to take out the next issue of the Lahore Journal of Policy Studies on Covid-19. The novel Coronavirus has come as a major calamity out of the blue leading to a sudden economic halt across the world. There had been other pandemics earlier but the response was never so severe, widespread and universal. The Third World acted largely on the basis of scientific predictions and policies originating in Developed Countries without any policy based on locally grounded scientific/medical knowledge. With the high death rate reported from Italy and Spain followed in a couple of months by even higher deaths in US and UK the world was terrorized. The fast pace of statistics did not allow for a cool headed debate and reflection nor did people have any facts on which to develop some degree of understanding and make an opinion. Except for a few critical special publications, the media has been more interested in statistical reporting than any critical analyses. With the passage of time many riddles and paradoxes, have come to the fore and call for reflection. There is need to explore these riddles and paradoxes because many revelations are likely to come out of these. For instance,
· Why have there been far more deaths in the prosperous and highly developed countries of US and Britain than in the countries of the Third World
· Why have there been far more deaths in the urban areas which have more awareness and healthcare facilities compared to the backward rural areas
· Is the pandemic primarily a medical issue to be dealt with by doctors or a socioecological issue to be dealt with through political debate and policy
· What has been our experience of pandemics in the past. In India whether it was bubonic plague, Spanish flu or smallpox, in each instance the epidemic continued for many decades. What communities and what geographies were affected. What conditions brought the disease under control
· What was the role of vaccines in ending the pandemics
· What was the relation of poverty to the number of deaths and why? Was it because of hygiene or was it because of food and healthcare
· What is the relationship between our economic goals of productivity and development and the onset of disease
· Industrial agriculture including deforestation, monocultures, genetic selection and animal feed lots have greatly increased production. What is its relationship with the pandemics
· The growth of giant cities in the Third World has created new environment for the spread of disease. Why has this aspect not been highlighted in the coronavirus debate
· What is the role of globalization of commodity production, services and people in the generation and spread of pandemics
· Where has this virus come from? Has the frequency of deadly viruses like Ebola, MERS, SARS, Corona, H1N1 increased in the past few decades? Is there any common process of generation between them
· How has the pandemic changed the ecologies of work such as education, commerce, health, entertainment and hospitality
· The impact of the lockdowns on gender inequality
You may choose a topic or write generally about the impact and origin of the disease.
Submission of abstracts 31st August 2020
Submission of final papers 31st October 2020
Whatever contributions we receive by the end of October 2020 will pass through a process of refereeing before they are accepted.
Please mail queries and abstracts to rabianadir@gmail.com
Rabia Nadir
Editor, Special Issue
Lahore Journal of Policy Studies
Note: The Lahore Journal of Policy Studies is a refereed journal. The journal has a broad scope, covering national, regional and international political, economic, social and cultural issues of immediate relevance to public policy. It aims to be a forum for significant new ideas and seeks to challenge thinkers and intellectuals to policy debate. It is neither a journalistic magazine nor an overly technical one. Rather, it is a scholarly journal containing provocative, thoughtful, but well-researched writings with an educated and discerning readership in mind. It seeks originality and rigour of argument. The selection of papers will be based on topicality, originality, clarity, the extent to which they advance knowledge, understanding and application and their likely contribution towards inspiring further development, research and debate.
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is it under Scopus index?
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What are the major differences between philosophy and methodology in geography
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Hi I am currently doing a geography dissertation studying the representation of future space in climate fiction films thinking about ideas of capitalist hegemony and power inequalities in reference to gender and race. In terms of methodology im confused about the difference between textual and visual analysis (texts, at least in geography referring to pretty much everything), are they the same or is one better at analysing different aspects. Further in terms of actually carrying out the analysis how should my results be presented as due to it being on films i can't include parts of the film itself.
thanks
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You are quite right about "textual" and "visual" - one would usually consider the film as a text to include both its verbal and visual elements. In this sense and in lieu of further information, I would consider visual analysis as a subcategory of textual analysis, where the former focuses on the visual elements of the film alone and the latter on the visual, verbal, and narrative elements.
With respect to how to carry out and write the analysis, I usually begin by distinguishing between film form from film content and then describe either the overall structure of the film or specific shots, sequences, or scenes. There is an example using a novel, television series, and feature film here:
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I'm working in the broad field of political ecology and I'm currently co-authoring an article about the social-ecological consequences of the digital economy (material anchor, territorialities, conflicts). I'm therefore looking for literature about the digital economy I might have missed so far. I'm pleased about all suggestions. Many thanks in advance!
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Felix Malte Dorn NFCC & HMPP
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Hi colleague researchers!
I've been preparing research on Digital twin and machine learning adoption at retail/wholesale companies. But it appears that ML is applicable in a limited number of operations, in reality. Such as demand forecasting in category management. In your experience what is the situation in the industry?
Geography of my data source is Central Asia and Former Soviet Union countries.
I am also open for joint research in this field.
Regards,
Askar
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Many many congratulations. Really a very good topic of research.
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Dear respectful community researchers,
I am interested to find out the impact of Institution, Geography, and Trade on Economic Development of a single country.
I do know that for several countries' analysis, researchers mostly used the Hausmann and Taylor (1981) model to find the impact. Unfortunately, I have no idea if any model exists to be suitable to execute on a single country.
I am very much looking forward to hearing from you.
Thank you so much indeed
Best Regards,
Abdul Rahim
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To devleop these type of models on a single country, you have to start your study by a strong motivation to convince the reader why you do such a work on a single country. This has its limitations.
normally, we these type of questions Gravity models to be applied and Dynamic Panel data models for robustness.
As you are facing a single country, consult time series tools: Cointegration, ARDL, NARDL or VECM
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I am conducting a state-of-the-art analysis of these concepts. If you have contributions, please, send me.
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Jose Gilberto Souza as attached.
Good luck.
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i have french B1 as my advantageous criteria. i am interested in finding an internship for the year 2020 in these fields, i have a 3 year degree and a fresh graduate. please help.
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Just volunteer, after a year they'll recognize you thn start by giving travel allowance then after get you a permanent job, one thing you need to bear in mind it will take time be patient
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Do you like to watch the National Geography channel and why?
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Yes, it is a comprehensive channel..
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Need to be more involve in my area of interest
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GIS Users conference, San Diego.
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ArcGIS Desktop
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Understand science first, then application to systems, then keep using.
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We are living in a world that sometimes two brothers or sisters may not understand each other. In such a situation, a number of historical records, literature phrases, and similar subjects may get confused or misused.
The question is here how physics may solve those kinds of difficulties.
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Sure. For example, the emissions of night lights maps contribute to an understanding of the geographic distribution of the population. The spectral emissions based on physical foundations.
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What spatial tools can be used to analyze the spread of the new coronavirus? What models can be adopted and what spatial epidemiology can be used to study the spread across the globe. Many thanks for your contribution.
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Time series map is a good choice for mapping Covid-19 (or Covid-20 ??) development and changes.
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Are geographic information systems a science or tool ?
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Geographic information systems are the most suitable environment for doing geographical analysis. It is a tool that developed from the geography departments.
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Dear All,
I need the bathymetric data of the Persian Gulf in a text format (x,y,z.txt). Does anybody have these data to help me?
Regards;
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Pooyan,
Our paper will be published soon. It may be helpful for you.
Best wishes.
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Given the two following patterns: the left or the right, which one is more beautiful than another?
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Left.
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Sediment is relatively younger than the soil in the depositional environment as the sediments are consequence of the accretion of particles transported either by waters or by winds, whereas, soil profile is stable lacking any sort of movement. Soil profile is developed with time span which is a stable one, but the movement of the sediment particles developed those soil profiles in so many physiographic set up, are they (soils and Sediments) differed chemically, do they possess different chemical environment?
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yes its do it
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Geography has always been seen as a classical subject and rarely been linked to realised socio-economic development, or community’s problem-solving. The literature is scarce about the role of geography in overcoming challenges.
Here is however, one introductory paper for further readings
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Thank you very much Mohamed Buheji for the interesting question. I take the liberty of synthesizing Zagir Ataev 's great contribution - please correct my misconceptions -, "...geography provides an interrelated knowledge of nature, population, economy and the relationships between them, both of the country as a whole and of its individual regions, necessary for a wide variety of development problems in any country... I don't think there would be many more to add.
I add other questions in line with Mohamed Buheji 's: What are the theoretical economic frameworks present in the different spatial theories of geography or the so-called "new economic geography"? Do their contributions to socio-economic development go beyond merely identifying problems, such as determining economic potentialities, measuring socio-economic imbalances at the spatial level, among other contributions? We are waiting for contributions from colleagues who are working on these issues, to deepen.
Thank you very much.
Greetings
Fernando (From Argentina)
Muchas gracias Mohamed por la interesante pregunta. Me tomo el atrevimiento de sintetizar el gran aporte de Zagir –por favor corríjame mis equívocos–, “…la geografía proporciona un conocimiento interrelacionado de la naturaleza, la población, la economía y las relaciones entre ellas, tanto del país en su conjunto como de sus regiones individuales, necesarios para una amplia variedad de problemas de desarrollo en cualquier país…”. Creo que no habría muchas más que agregar.
Sumo otras preguntas en línea a la de Zagir: ¿Cuáles son los marcos teóricos económicos presentes en las diferentes teorías espaciales de la geografía o la denominada “nueva geografía económica”? ¿En sus aportes al desarrollo socioeconómico se traspasa la mera identificación de problemas, como por ejemplo determinar las potencialidades económicas, medición de los desequilibrios socioeconómicos a nivel espacial, entre otros aportes? Esperamos los aportes de colegas que estén trabajando estos temas, para profundizar.
Muchas gracias
Saludos
Fernando (desde argentina)
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As an electoral geographer I often present various electoral maps. I would like to create some contiguous cartograms in ArcGIS software but I have problems to find any geoprocessing tool that will work. If you have any advice for me I would be very greatful.
Thank you for your answers.
Best regards,
Radek
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A free tool can be found here:
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The aim is to get acquainted with the field and conduct a literature review. While South East Asia (and particularly India) are of most relevance but I want to learn the main theories in the field of youth sociology. I've been coming across a lot of work from geography but need guidance re work from sociology discipline at the moment. Appreciate your help!
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The early writings on "Youth Sociology" focused on the dangers related to the repercussions of class, culture, and production methods adopted by the State, until it turned today towards influential youth groups and the role of youth in the development of local societies. Among the most prominent writers in this field are:
1- Christine Barrett
2- Steven Roberts
3- Catherine Waite
4- David Hickman
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I am particularly interested in conceptual literature and pieces of research that aim at advancing the human geographic debate on (local) climate governance. Thank you very much!
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It is about how various components of or methods in geography can play a role in dealing with Covid-19.
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There are many aspects that geography deals with regarding COVID-19.
As a physical geographer, we may track the changes and patterns of some satellite-derived air quality variables such as NO2 above cities.
For human geography, mapping COVID-19 causes and analyze them spatially is one of the clearer roles.
Hope this gives an idea about some roles.
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Please give your opinion and suggestions
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There are many aspects that geography deals with regarding COVID-19.
As a physical geographer, we may track the changes and patterns of some satellite-derived air quality variables such as NO2 above cities.
For human geography, mapping COVID-19 causes and analyze them spatially is one of the clearer roles.
Hope this gives an idea about some roles.
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Our American educational system is a disaster for most students. Many graduate or drop out of school, feeling little sense of self-realization. This is because traditional schooling typically requires a set curriculum with only two alternatives - college preparatory or learning practical skills. And progress through the curriculum proceeds like a clock with the students in lockstep. Student achievement is measured with letter grades: A - F.
As a result, too many of our citizens have little interest in science, world geography, economics, politics, the fine arts, etc. They are primarily interested in making money, being entertained, professional sports, having the latest e-gadgets, etc.
If our schools could make the educational experience relevant to each student's interests, propensities, and talents, Many of these, otherwise, lost students would become more intrinsically motivated to learn and would enjoy the experience. This kind of learning stays with you all of your life.
With the nova coronavirus plaguing us, we are now forced to teach classes via the internet. Surprisingly, this allows for more one-on-one communication between student and teacher. It also can allow for virtual classrooms, where students can be virtually grouped together (regardless of where each one may be physically located - across the room or across the state) according to their rate of learning and their interests. A teacher for a particular grouping can tailor the lessons on her/his students' pace, needs, and level of abstraction/concreteness.
This may be the start of the needed reform for our schools.
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Theresa Canada
I too would love to participate in your essay/book project if it covers education in Africa.
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I start working on research about international air transportation and the spread of COVID-19, and I need urgently the network of global Airlines.
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Thanks all, I got it from https://openflights.org/data.html
and I created a database of Air transport.
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Identity is a complicated state of human existence, many issues participate in creating it. Cultures, languages, gender, geography and etc.language is a way to distinguish one’s national and cultural identity, but also there are many the speak different language from their actual cultural and national identity.
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First, we need to understand that language, identity, and culture are interwoven. Culture is a defining feature of one’s identity while language is an entity that connects a person to his culture, and therefore language is part of culture and identity. A particular language points to the identity of a particular group of people. Through language, we express our identity and cultural beliefs. In fact, language is used to understand one’s identity and culture.
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Please suggest some journal (minimum scopus) for publication of a paper on "locational geography of industrial cluster and socioeconomic status of rural households"
Thanks
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Hi, to be more specific, when you are searching for journals, you need to identify three unique areas; discipline, sector, country and publishing costs. In this case, It is a bit hard to direct you to a specific journal because it is a general title that could be in any discipline, that is why I suggested journals that could be interested in this paper. But I hope these links help for a start.
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I know there are longer un-dammed rivers open to the ocean in Alaska and British Columbia. I also know there are longer un-dammed rivers in the contiguous 48 United States, but they are not open to the ocean (e.g. the Yellowstone, which joins the Missouri, which is dammed). The Delaware River has no dams on the 330 mile long mainstem, and opens to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Andrew L. Rypel , Douglas A. Burns Thank you for your responses! My bold challenge got some attention and good information! This has been an interesting exploration of free-flowing rivers and I've learned from it!
I admit I'd like to champion the Delaware River because 3/4 of the non-tidal Delaware River is designated "Scenic and Recreational" under the Wild & Scenic Rivers Act, administered by the National Park Service for which I work, and it has very good populations of diadromous fishes that freely migrate through the entire mainstem.
However, I also have to admit there are some low-head dams on it, and several major dams/reservoirs on major tributaries that compromise it's "free-flowing" quality. So I have to rescind my bold claim. But that's o.k. It's still a great river that deserves more appreciation. Some of that seems to be coming: American Rivers just designated the Delaware River the River of the Year!
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I am a psychologist interested in getting a single number to quantify "flattening the curve"---one value for each of 50 geographical areas (states) in the USA. For my purposes, I want to know which states are doing a better job of "flattening the curve". Perhaps epidemiologists or biostatisticians could help. Not interested in qualitative analytics--just need a number for each state (or, better still, a formula that can be applied to each state). Thanks.
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This pandemic is an urban disease. It is currently in process of diffusing into rural areas. As time passes, the prevalence of the disease will increase disproportionately in rural areas. You might consider using Standard Metropolitan areas as your regions for analysis. Nationwide these areas have the advantage of crossing state lines, just as settled areas do. This process can be observed in Washington State: Seattle and the Puget Sound region has a nicely flattening curve while the state as a whole is not so blessed.