Geography - Science topic

Oluwadamilola Oluwatoyin Hazzan

In your opinion, is it better to publish an article in a closed-access journal like Elsevier or Springer, or do you prefer to publish your work in other low-impact factor journals with open access?

Thank you for your question and your discussion! Teaching geography effectively is a valuable endeavor, and addressing students' misunderstandings is a crucial aspect of this process. Here are some insights into how geography can be taught to pupils separately and the key factors contributing to misunderstandings:

Teaching Geography Separately for Students:

Factors Contributing to Misunderstandings in Geography:

Teaching geography effectively is a dynamic process that involves adapting to the needs of individual students. By focusing on a well-structured curriculum, interactive learning, and addressing the key factors contributing to misunderstandings, educators can make geography more accessible and engaging for pupils.

Buenos días, desafortunadamente no hablo español, pero si no me equivoco, te refieres a Inocencio Gerasimov. Aquí hay algunos materiales sobre esta famosa ciencia del suelo: https://vk.com/wall-171056360_129553 http://i.geo-site.ru/node/196 https://bioslovhist.spbu.ru/person/3443-gerasimov-innokentij-petrovic.html También en Rusia hay grandes bibliotecas (donde se recogen muchos materiales en diferentes campos de las Ciencias), la principal es la biblioteca estatal rusa. También, creo que Usted puede ayudar en el Museo de Agronomía del Suelo que lleva el nombre de W. R. Williams

Excelente Respuesta. Felicitaciones.

Dear Prof., Salim Djeddai & all honorable researchers,

Military geography in the twenty-first century relies on several important mechanisms that have evolved with technological advancements and changing geopolitical landscapes. Some of the key mechanisms include:

These mechanisms, along with ongoing advancements in technology and data analysis, continue to shape military geography and influence military decision-making in the twenty-first century.

Krishna,

Yes, I believe you can distinguish between plant and vegetation, but first you need to define exactly what you mean by ‘plant’ and also by ‘vegetation’. It is similar to the definition of what is climate and weather - weather being the day to day stuff, whereas climate is weather averaged over much longer timeframes. Vegetation is more inclusive of plants living in association with many other plants. Plants, on the other hand, refer to specific plant species. Like in any research, it is important that you specify exactly the parameters within which you are studying any phenomena.

wishing you well with your research

George

To consult Archive issues of Academic journal Urban Art Bio we share you the link: https://www.ajpsdz.org/rv/index.php/uab/issue/archive

Dear Abbas,

in addition to the factors you mention (altitude, lattitude, ambient air temperature etc.), seed crystals usually constitute another precondition for snow to form. However, even under the presence of suitable seed crystals in the atmosphere, snow formation usually only sets in below - 12 °C. And if there are no seed crystals (at all), fluid water may in some instances not even freeze/cristalize up to almost - 50 °C.

And, yes, as you say, cloud formation will also depend on the prevailing weather systems in the given area. Mid-lattitude dynamic low-pressure systems with their warm and cold fronts are a typical example. Proximity to large water bodies can also enhance or enable snow formation as does the combined effect of winds and orography (mountains).

Finally, actual snowfall observed at ground level of course requires the snow crystals not to melt on their (usually quite slow!) way to the ground. So the temperature gradient between ground level and the snow cloud formation level will be important, too.

Best,

Julius

From an economic point of view, agriculture is of great importance in India, in order to provide hard currency that serves the Indian global market by filling a large part of the global need for the rice crop, in addition to cultivating tea, whose products are almost flooding the global market, and it is one of the finest types of tea.

From a natural point of view, the extension of these mountain ranges stands in the way of the passage of air currents, which makes them pour all the rain they carry in the regions of India, and this made agriculture in some regions of India throughout the year.

Greetings... Modern satellite visuals may help you with that if you can obtain them and analyze their climate data according to the climate bands.. Good luck.

Most Himalayan Rivers originating in Himalayan peaks are perennial because they are fed by melting snow throughout the year. This means that these rivers have water throughout the year. The three main Himalayan Rivers are the Ganga, the Indus and the Brahmaputra. These three rivers flow towards the West and collectively form the Himalayan River System. The Himalayan Rivers are perennial rivers as they originate in snow covered Himalayan Mountains. During summers, the snow melts and the rivers get continuous supply of water. On the contrary, the peninsular rivers depend mostly on rainfall for its supply of water and thus become dry during the summer season. Most of the Himalayan Rivers are perennial in nature because the rivers get a continuous supply of water as the snow melts, especially in the summer. The peninsular rivers mostly depended on the rains only. Most of the Himalayan Rivers are perennial because they are fed by the melting glaciers of Himalayan peaks throughout the year. During summers, the snow melts and the rivers get a continuous supply of water. The rivers that have water throughout the year are called perennial rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Bhramaputra are perennial rivers. These are both rain fed and formed through melting of the glaciers. They are also called permanent rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra including their tributaries are the perennial rivers. These both are rain-fed and are formed from the glaciers. Most of the perennial rivers originate from the mountains and the water is fed from the melting of the mountains. The Ganges River, also known as the Ganga, is a sacred river that flows through India and Bangladesh. It is approximately 2,525 km long and is considered one of the holiest rivers in the world, revered by millions of Hindus for its purifying properties. Most of the major rivers, as well as the tributaries, originated from the Himalayas. Answer: Ganga is known as the longest river in India. It originates from the western side of India, which is also known as the Gangotri glaciers. The overall length of the Ganga river is considered to be 2525 kilometres. Most of the major rivers, as well as the tributaries, originated from the Himalayas. Answer: Ganga is known as the longest river in India. It originates from the western side of India, which is also known as the Gangotri glaciers. The overall length of the Ganga River is considered to be 2525 kilometres. The rivers that have water throughout the year are called perennial rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Bhramaputra are perennial rivers. These are both rain fed and formed through melting of the glaciers. A stream or a river that flows continuously through its river bed for a year is known as a perennial river. They have water in their river bed for the whole year. Examples of perennial rivers are, the Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus, etc. They are also called permanent rivers. In India Himalayan Rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra including their tributaries are the perennial rivers. These both are rain-fed and are formed from the glaciers. Most of the perennial rivers originate from the mountains and the water is fed from the melting of the mountains.

Askar Mambetaliev shows, that issue is more complicated:)

the answer should distinguish among what had been left of Western Roman Empire, Byzantium and the Far East /India, China/, as well as between the Middle Ages and the present. For example, individualism is a matter of the 19th and 20th centuries and seems to be wide spread.

The earth's orbit around the sun leads to seasons because of the tilt of the Earth's axis and the changes in the distribution of sunlight across the Earth's surface during the year. Diurnal variation, on the other hand, refers to the fluctuations that happen during the day and the variations in the day-night cycle that are not regulated by intrinsic or endogenous mechanisms but rather by extraneous factors. Diurnal temperature variation is the variation between a high air temperature and a low temperature that occurs during the same day. When solar radiation falls on the soil surface, it heats the soil causing a difference of temperature between surface soil and sub-soil. At day time, heat flows from surface soil to sub-soil and vice-versa at night. he large differences in the values, diurnal and seasonal variation of the measured incoming solar radiation between the dry and wet seasons are attributed to the attenuation of the flux by aerosol particles in the dry season and increased cloudiness and humidity in the wet season. The dominant pattern of diurnal variability is a maximum in rainfall over land during the afternoon/evening in response to solar heating of the surface and a morning maximum over the oceans; however, there are important exceptions to this pattern over both land and ocean. Variations in meteorological parameters such as temperature and relative humidity over the course of a day which result from the rotation of the Earth about its axis and the resultant change in incoming and outgoing radiation.

Dear Stabak Roy, many thanks for your answer.

Unfortunately, this is a dead link: https://www.wisar.aewa.org/

Cold you provide a valid URL for this?

Many thanks!

Michael

Geography is a science that studies the spatial and temporal relationships of phenomena on the surface of the Earth. That is, it studies the place and time of the phenomenon, whether it is human, plant, animal, soil, water or air Therefore, the study of the population needs a place and a time Thanks Prof. Dr. Safaa Majeed Al Mudhafar

Yes - and a specific example is, for instance, how disabilities of various sorts are expressed as the volumes a body might occupy while stationary and in motion, and other volumes and geometries of the the senses ( or lack of ) when intersected against the environment from furniture to the room, building, sidewalks, to transit stops, the vehicles, at origin and destination - and with other more ordinary human bodies and guide animals. It could also apply to disaster and emergency response, where where first responders need to traverse sometimes miles of rubble and move stretchers around staircases in nearly collapsed buildings. Christopher Alexander's "A Pattern Language" ( https://www.patternlanguage.com/ ) superficially seems to be about architecture, but reads more like human scale geography (space, time, and people). Much our attention in day to life, to some degree is determining our our body might fit in a space or move through it, at all scales. Even our thinking and language is founded on spatial metaphors of embodiment - George Lakoff, "Women, Fire and Dangerous Things" ( What Categories Reveal about the Mind ) "... conceptual metaphors are grounded in embodied representations; that is to say, we use sensory-motor experience to conceptualize abstract domains such as time, feelings, interpersonal relationships, etc. .... Thus, given the prominence of space in our perceptual and motor experience, spatial dimensions are frequently used to support rich metaphorical conceptual systems ..."

It a domain of geography that is at the intersection of many different fields ( Hmmm ... like most geographic thought). Anatomy since ancient times has used geographical terms to describe the human body, and now GIS analysis helps bring together layers of spatial geometries and attributes, "Geographical Information System Applied to a Biological System: Pelvic Girdle Ontogeny as a Morphoscape".

Lucia Margheritini Here are a few book recommendations for a geography bachelor's degree that focus on natural resources:

I hope you find these tips useful! Please let me know if you have any more inquiries.

Dear Pasi Malmi , thanks for the link to this interesting paper. The Indian presence is corroborated by linguistics, religion, archaeology and genetics. You will find a link to the summary of my findings, with a link to my main study, which was peer-reviewed and published in Scientific Culture;

This is an excellent presentation about the usefulness of spatial data for a country, in this case, Sri Lanka. From there on, it is necessary to work out a program to develop spatial databases with the necessary data. Therefore, the most valuable item in this discussion is the data quality using specifications and the ability to control data compliance to the specifications. The digital elevation model (DEM) is an essential layer of the data, which must cover the country, and it is recommended to have a specified accuracy better than 15 cm.

Jens Kleb Thanks a lot. Yes thats helps. I found that Bessel was introduced after 1793, when the Meter-Convention said a meter to be 1/4 10^-7 circumference through poles. Do you also know if 1973 it was used some ellipsoid similar to Bessel ?

Thanks in advance

There is an abundance of literature on the history of Rapa Nui ("Easter Island"). Most scientists studying Rapa Nui will find the generalized statement of becoming "unsustainable" unjustified. Note that what we are looking at was not a singular catastrophic event in time, but a very gradual process. It is also imortant to keep in mind that there wasn't anything like "last survivors", nor did they "travel" anywhere. Rapa Nui displays continuous habitation throuought its history, albeit with significant demographic fluctuations. The cultural and environmental history of Rapa Nui is very complex. It doesn't do justice to the proud Rapa Nui people to display their island's history as a showcase of "sustainability failure".

The gold plaque on the Pioneer and Voyager craft did this using pulsars as reference points:

Because it deal local, national, regional issues base cultural and social dimension over space and time scale.

Quite apart from the historico-critical answers to this question, there is a psycho-dynamic issue: namely, the deep-seated longing for a situation where all is unspoilt by human error/wrong-doing. Every parent has this hope/longing for a new-born child.

La temática sobre Geografía de la población y Censos demográficos son fuentes del tema que has nombrado.

NDVI values vary depending on the volume and condition of the vegetation cover. In the same region there may be crops with soil gaps, or meadows (with high/medium/low green (fresh) or dry yellowed grass, and forests (coniferous or deciduous)/ Each of these sites/vegetation states may correspond to different NDVI values. For this reason, each of these landscapes will have a different range of NDVI values. That's why your question misses the main point - from which landscape do you want to separate your particular site? What index values will be found in your study area?

Dear Vladimir M Moskovkin . See the following useful link: https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/IFIC_and_JBICI-Studies/english/publications/reports/study/topical/approaches/pdf/higher_02.pdf

I don't think people are necessarily prisoners of geography. Geography can place potential barriers to progress but these are not insurmountable. The factor of human agency and ingenuity tends to be ignored in studies of the link between place and poverty. Social, economic, political, historical factors as well as individual choices may offer more clues to the real roots of poverty than the place where one is born or lives.

Geography predates the division of knowledge into specific disciplines. In the beginning it was simply writing about the earth from the Greek words geo graphein. This is why it overlaps with climatology, hydrology, geology, biology, epidemiology, pedology etc. in the natural sciences and economics, sociology, politics, history, languages, literary studies etc. in the social sciences and humanities. In fact some have gone so far as to say there is no such thing as geography as a specific discipline. However, others have said that whenever we focus on the nature, causes and effects of spatial variation of any phenomenon over the earth's surface we are doing geographical work. So to answer your question directly: Yes, literary geography can be considered a part of geography as long as it studies spatial aspects of literature.

Sorry, I don't have maps of Crimea

Dear Anna-Maria and Shota,

yes, I agree with you both that there are a lot of very useful secondary sources on Ratzel et al. However, I sometimes had the feeling that proponents of so-called "critical geopolitics" had perhaps made some undue claims about the origins of geopolitics, geostrategy etc. - especially about their implications for today's world. That's why I would always argue for trying to read the original sources (a descent English translation should make do, too, of course).

Thanks & cheers to everyone!

Julius

The stories about the Amazons are plentiful in the ancient Greek writings. In order to understand them fully one has to study the meaning of the names of the Amazons themselves. As an example, one of them "Ypsilipili" means "tall gate", therefore, she was a rather tall person. "Smyrne" is a name for an aromatic plant probably grown around the town of Smyrne, etc

How about the Amazon river in South America? Did the Amazons travelled there or was it called after women warriors gave a hard time to the first explorers?

Good for sharing, this was an interesting program.

Excellent! Thanks very much for contributing Christian.

There are a number of excellent references. Take for example:

Cohen, L., Manion, L., and Morrison, K. (2011, 7th edn.). Research Methods in Education (7th edn.), London: Routledge

Connolly, P. (2007). Quantitative Data Analysis in Education: a Critical Introduction Using SPSS, London; New York: Routledge.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th edn.), Boston: Pearson.

Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and mixed methods Approach. Los Angeles, Calif; London: Sage

Denscombe, M. (2014). The Good Research Guide: For Small Scare Social Research Projects (5th edn). McGraw-Hill.

Morgan, D. L. & Nica, A. (2020). Iterative Thematic Inquiry: A New Method for Analyzing Qualitative Data. (2020). International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-11.

Dear Christiano,

The concept of Precipitation Concentration is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitations. Many authors define thresholds which mostly converge: the most common (you can find in the following open access article) are :

Wet day: >= 1mm/day

Heavy wet day: >= 10mm/day

Extreme wet day: >= 50mm/day

Best regards,

Reference: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331411976_Rainfall_distribution_and_trends_of_the_daily_precipitation_concentration_index_in_northern_Morocco_a_need_for_an_adaptive_environmental_policy

8-15

My regards first of all Congratulations, very interesting question, Thank you Please recommend items

Arcmap.

Desiree Beaudry , Mostly he need to download the pdf copy of the article. Arun Kumar K C already give him what he need.

Long ago, I was a polish kid with an open mind and a wish for learning new things about the world. I was always curious about distant places and exotic lands. I love maps and atlases. They are very useful tool, especialy at school, but they also bring so much joy for young readers. I cherish many beautifuly ilustrated books and encyclopedias given to me by my mum. She hoped to spark in me intrest to learn and to think about our world, its problems and hidden treasures. I enjoyed learning English too in my early childhood. Sometimes I enjoyed it much more than learning about my mother tongue! At some time, I was given a lesson by my Godmother to folow my personal interests by using English language. She said - "Do what you want, and read what you want, but read it in English!" And that's a secret. This is how I polish my English right now. I have still much to learn thow. I also keen on Tolkien and his works. He was a linguist, and he created magnificent world resembling one of my favourite epochs in history, the transistion time between Late Antiquity and so called Dark Ages. He introduced me to a world of ancient ethymologies, roots of words, and forgotten meanings. The marvelous odyssey of early germanic peoples, Saxons, Jutes and Angles seeking new home in Auld land of Brittania. From humble origins, as pirates, mercenaries and auxilaries from today Niedersachsen and Denmark, they have established petty kingdoms and so called English Heptarchy, and then, they have experienced truly heroic period led by Alfred the Great repelling pagan invasions. Gradually they united and developed their civilisation with a little help of the Normans :) Their world was transforming, jus as their language, reciving another wave of new words of romance origin. It is so fascinating! Now lets talk about a couple of words wich still retain their archaic meaning. Oxford for example, the name implies it was a river crossing. We have many place names ending with -shire, or -borough. Such words can tell us much about old administrative systems. We have place names with endings like -by, or -ville. We can see clearly that they have a foreign origin, Viking and Norman respectively. Lets talk about Newfoundland - it is so obvious it doesn't need any explanation at all. I could add many more examples. To sum up, there are plenty of reasons why Geography can help us understand language and culture of particular country. I hope my way too long text was just a little bit helpful to You. God bless You and stay healthy!

Hi Li, as per your question, The term "geographic mobility" refers to how people and goods travel over time. A measure that tracks movement within a country is known as geographic mobility, population mobility, or simply mobility. It's a term that's commonly used in demography and population studies to describe the movement of populations between spaces. These relocations may be as big as foreign relocations. Mobility is mostly temporary in nature.

While migration is the movement of people between regions or countries. It is the process of changing's one place of residence and permanently living from a region or a country. According to the UN Demographic dictionary " Migration is such an event in which people move from one geographical area to another area. When people leaving their place of residence and go to live permanently in another area is called migration". It may be temporary or permanent with intentions of returning to the place of origin in future.

For your further clarification attaching some reference below,

1)

2)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12339560/

3)https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/14984678.pdf

4)

5)http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/nhdr_migration_gn.pdf

please check this articles

is it under Scopus index?

Dear Jimoh you can refer the following links.

1. http://uregina.ca/~sauchyn/geog423/phil.html

2.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030913257900300105?journalCode=phgb

3.https://www.google.com/amp/s/hohmannchris.wordpress.com/2014/10/30/approach-philosophy-or-methodology/amp/

Hope it will help.. thanks

You are quite right about "textual" and "visual" - one would usually consider the film as a text to include both its verbal and visual elements. In this sense and in lieu of further information, I would consider visual analysis as a subcategory of textual analysis, where the former focuses on the visual elements of the film alone and the latter on the visual, verbal, and narrative elements.

With respect to how to carry out and write the analysis, I usually begin by distinguishing between film form from film content and then describe either the overall structure of the film or specific shots, sequences, or scenes. There is an example using a novel, television series, and feature film here:

Felix Malte Dorn NFCC & HMPP

Many many congratulations. Really a very good topic of research.

To devleop these type of models on a single country, you have to start your study by a strong motivation to convince the reader why you do such a work on a single country. This has its limitations.

normally, we these type of questions Gravity models to be applied and Dynamic Panel data models for robustness.

As you are facing a single country, consult time series tools: Cointegration, ARDL, NARDL or VECM

Jose Gilberto Souza as attached.

Good luck.

Just volunteer, after a year they'll recognize you thn start by giving travel allowance then after get you a permanent job, one thing you need to bear in mind it will take time be patient

Yes, it is a comprehensive channel..

GIS Users conference, San Diego.

Understand science first, then application to systems, then keep using.

Sure. For example, the emissions of night lights maps contribute to an understanding of the geographic distribution of the population. The spectral emissions based on physical foundations.

Time series map is a good choice for mapping Covid-19 (or Covid-20 ??) development and changes.

Geographic information systems are the most suitable environment for doing geographical analysis. It is a tool that developed from the geography departments.

Pooyan,

Our paper will be published soon. It may be helpful for you.

Best wishes.

Left.

yes its do it

Thank you very much Mohamed Buheji for the interesting question. I take the liberty of synthesizing Zagir Ataev 's great contribution - please correct my misconceptions -, "...geography provides an interrelated knowledge of nature, population, economy and the relationships between them, both of the country as a whole and of its individual regions, necessary for a wide variety of development problems in any country... I don't think there would be many more to add.

I add other questions in line with Mohamed Buheji 's: What are the theoretical economic frameworks present in the different spatial theories of geography or the so-called "new economic geography"? Do their contributions to socio-economic development go beyond merely identifying problems, such as determining economic potentialities, measuring socio-economic imbalances at the spatial level, among other contributions? We are waiting for contributions from colleagues who are working on these issues, to deepen.

Thank you very much.

Greetings

Fernando (From Argentina)

Muchas gracias Mohamed por la interesante pregunta. Me tomo el atrevimiento de sintetizar el gran aporte de Zagir –por favor corríjame mis equívocos–, “…la geografía proporciona un conocimiento interrelacionado de la naturaleza, la población, la economía y las relaciones entre ellas, tanto del país en su conjunto como de sus regiones individuales, necesarios para una amplia variedad de problemas de desarrollo en cualquier país…”. Creo que no habría muchas más que agregar.

Sumo otras preguntas en línea a la de Zagir: ¿Cuáles son los marcos teóricos económicos presentes en las diferentes teorías espaciales de la geografía o la denominada “nueva geografía económica”? ¿En sus aportes al desarrollo socioeconómico se traspasa la mera identificación de problemas, como por ejemplo determinar las potencialidades económicas, medición de los desequilibrios socioeconómicos a nivel espacial, entre otros aportes? Esperamos los aportes de colegas que estén trabajando estos temas, para profundizar.

Muchas gracias

Saludos

Fernando (desde argentina)

A free tool can be found here:

The early writings on "Youth Sociology" focused on the dangers related to the repercussions of class, culture, and production methods adopted by the State, until it turned today towards influential youth groups and the role of youth in the development of local societies. Among the most prominent writers in this field are:

1- Christine Barrett

2- Steven Roberts

3- Catherine Waite

4- David Hickman

I suppose that these references may be useful :

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107706033.006

There are many aspects that geography deals with regarding COVID-19.

As a physical geographer, we may track the changes and patterns of some satellite-derived air quality variables such as NO2 above cities.

For human geography, mapping COVID-19 causes and analyze them spatially is one of the clearer roles.

Hope this gives an idea about some roles.

There are many aspects that geography deals with regarding COVID-19.

As a physical geographer, we may track the changes and patterns of some satellite-derived air quality variables such as NO2 above cities.

For human geography, mapping COVID-19 causes and analyze them spatially is one of the clearer roles.

Hope this gives an idea about some roles.

I too would love to participate in your essay/book project if it covers education in Africa.

Thanks all, I got it from https://openflights.org/data.html

and I created a database of Air transport.

First, we need to understand that language, identity, and culture are interwoven. Culture is a defining feature of one’s identity while language is an entity that connects a person to his culture, and therefore language is part of culture and identity. A particular language points to the identity of a particular group of people. Through language, we express our identity and cultural beliefs. In fact, language is used to understand one’s identity and culture.

Hi, to be more specific, when you are searching for journals, you need to identify three unique areas; discipline, sector, country and publishing costs. In this case, It is a bit hard to direct you to a specific journal because it is a general title that could be in any discipline, that is why I suggested journals that could be interested in this paper. But I hope these links help for a start.

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tepn20/current

https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cres20/current

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1099162x

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1349744?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0732-1317

Andrew L. Rypel , Douglas A. Burns Thank you for your responses! My bold challenge got some attention and good information! This has been an interesting exploration of free-flowing rivers and I've learned from it!

I admit I'd like to champion the Delaware River because 3/4 of the non-tidal Delaware River is designated "Scenic and Recreational" under the Wild & Scenic Rivers Act, administered by the National Park Service for which I work, and it has very good populations of diadromous fishes that freely migrate through the entire mainstem.

However, I also have to admit there are some low-head dams on it, and several major dams/reservoirs on major tributaries that compromise it's "free-flowing" quality. So I have to rescind my bold claim. But that's o.k. It's still a great river that deserves more appreciation. Some of that seems to be coming: American Rivers just designated the Delaware River the River of the Year!

This pandemic is an urban disease. It is currently in process of diffusing into rural areas. As time passes, the prevalence of the disease will increase disproportionately in rural areas. You might consider using Standard Metropolitan areas as your regions for analysis. Nationwide these areas have the advantage of crossing state lines, just as settled areas do. This process can be observed in Washington State: Seattle and the Puget Sound region has a nicely flattening curve while the state as a whole is not so blessed.