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I am starting my dissertation for an MA in Cultural History, Memory and Identity. I am interested in examining women perpetrators in the Third Reich; from denunciation to frontline killing. I am looking at a range of sources on women and genocide and female SS guards, but I'd really like to explore memoirs of these particular types of women.
Can anybody advise?
Thank you
Louise
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I am seeking suggestions / articles about Durkheim, and how he placed violence in his framework. More precisely: articles that question how he would have placed disruptive violence (c.q violence that cannot be placed as a functional within his vision of a cohesive and interdependent societies.) For example: how would he have explained or placed genocide in his school of thoughts?
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Anthonie Holslag This is a very interesting question and led me to read about Durkheim on Wikipedia. I have not studied sociology so my views are that of a layman on this subject.
He lived more than 100 years ago and tried to makes sense of the workings of society. We live in a very different world now where the internet and television and media in general have had a profound effect. This in terms of the financial management of the economy and in terms of the influence on the individual.
I do take your point about genocide: It would seem that the idea of social norms and standards and a social conscience should prevent genocide.
Why it has failed to do that on several occasions during the last 100 years is then a good question. I think a major factor is the failure of international society to deal with dictatorship.
Durkheim was on favour of standards of social conscience and if this were applied today we would see a much greater role the United Nations in preventing dictators. The USA amended its constitution in the 1950s to limit the term of a leader to a total of 10 years. The UN should be setting guidelines for a.written constitution for every country to follow to avoid extended terms of office which inevitably lead to conflict.
In the time of Durkheim, the primary means of social cohesion was religion. This is not helpful internationally as religious differences are more likely to lead to conflict and even genocide.
What we need are guiding principles that we can all share:
Preprint Openness
Richard
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Where are independent higher education research centres specialising in TRUE Orthodox Christianity, not to be confused with Orthodox Christianity ? True Orthodox Christianity rejects the modernism with its roots in the Russian and earlier Revolutions, including the paracanonical (canonically impermissible) calendar reforms promulgated by incomplete Robber Synods starting with the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the 1920s and the genocide of True (aka Authentic, Genuine or Catacomb) Orthodox Christianity by modernist Orthodox Christianity, resulting ultimately in the response of the True Orthodox Christian 1983 Anathema against Ecumenism by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR) aka Russian Orthodox Church in Exile (ROCIE), embraced by all True, Authentic, Genuine and Catacomb Orthodox Christians. The True Orthodox genocide is numerically by far the greatest Christian martyrdom ever, with tens of millions in the former Russian Empire alone (a large majority of the 110 million "The Economist" estimates were murdered by the Soviet regime alone), was triggered by the refusal of the World Council of Churches, meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, to allow a Greek True Orthodox bishop to speak about this matter, though the New York Times published his proposed address. In response the anathema was promulgated, in English, the WCC official language, at the ROCOR Synodical meeting at their monastery in Mansonville, Québec, also in Canada. Despite making up between 1 and 10% of the Orthodox Christian populations, in the broad sense of the term, throughout the world, I have been, even as an interested True Orthodox Christian, been unable to find any state recognised study centres devoted to the study of True Orthodox Christianity, as opposed to Orthodox Christianity. Some institutions, such as Cambridge University's Institute of Orthodox Christian Studies claim to have all locally active Orthodox Synods represented on their governing bodies, but didn't respond to my request for the publicly available details of the True Orthodox Christian Synods represented there. In any event, that Institute is not an Institute of TRUE Orthodox Christian studies.
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No, they've been involved in instigating and coordinating the persecution of True Orthodox Christians since their forced introduction of the new calendar in the 1920s, for example sending in the Greek police to shut down True Orthodox liturgies by force, resulting in the death of peaceful True Orthodox Christians trying to block them off, peacefully, from their priests. St. Catherine of Mandra died in this way from her injuries from a Greek police rifle butt to the back of her head in 1927 after over a week in hospital (in which, though she never regained speech, she was able to write a note to her surviving husband asking him to take care of her two small children, her angels. The new calendar has always been rejected by True Orthodox Christians who uphold holy tradition and reject the thoroughly modernist dominated Patriarchate of Constantinople's failure to repent and consequently haven't re-established communion with it until this happens. The official address of the Patriarchate of Constantinople is Constantinople, Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul is the biggest city in Europe and one of the largest in Asia, with 15 million plus people and still growing fast, with the Constantinople part of it, including the Phanar, long swallowed up. The fact that they've received some very raw treatment themselves from the Turkish state, though utterly deplorable, doesn't alter this. I'm fairly certain (99% confident) no such independent institution recognised by the academic and state authorities, exists. I would much welcome collaboration in getting one set up! Long overdue since the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCA) seminary and college at Jordanville, upper New York state, affiliated to, but receiving no funding from, the State University of New York, joined the Ecumenist and Sergianist "Moscow Patriarchate" (entirely subservient to the Soviet Union and its successor state the Russian Federation since Sergius's surrender in 1927), in the 2007 union between the Sergianists and most of ROCA. 105 and counting years of pers
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It is an open secret that the Rohingya's being killed in their home soil. Unlike the genocide that has happened in South Africa, the world leaders has not come to the term "genocide" in the case of the Rohingya. The massacre of the Rohingya is a world problem, which should not have happen in this 4th industrial revolution. Even more a noble peace recipient is the main cause of this ignorance.
The spillover of this problem has led to the chain of refugees to the neighboring countries, nation control, food securities and health related issues.
The world leaders should really take this issue and deal with it in the name of humanity
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Undoubtedly, it is a genocide
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Dear researcher,
Recently on January 23, 2020, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Hague ordered Myanmar to take all necessary measures to protect Rohingya Muslims from genocide. Killing has been reported even after that. How do you evaluate this order and the response of the authority of Myanmar to that?
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I believe what happens after the court order needs to be documented, same as other killings, and submit that to the ICJ and follow-up.
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There is an enormous amount of research about conflicts and polarisation, like the Allport contact hypothesis and also the genocide literature of Abram de Swaan. What lacks to my opinion is research about how to end a conflict effectively. Possible parties who might intervene are victims, offenders and bystanders. Much of the work I know about ending conflicts like colonisation, suppressing people by means of racism etc. is based on Martin Luther King, the Dalai Lama, Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi.
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Very important question. In fact, I don't Know research in this field, only about conflicts. But, when I have more time, I intend to say anything about this topic.
Best regards
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Currently there is a tremendous debate in social networks around this issue, fueled by AMLO's request that the Vatican and the Spanish Crown apologize for the crimes committed during the Conquest.
The question is: did the colonizers killed millions of inhabitants of this continent or not (I exclude the millions who died from the diseases they brought, including the penultimate Inca, who died of smallpox without having seen a single Spaniard)? Then, if they were killed: was it genocide or not? There are those who use technical arguments to suggest that there were deaths, even many, but it was not genocide. Others say that you can not judge what was done then, with today's criteria; In all this, the centuries of exploitation of the resources of the continent with manpower, largely native, is not much discussed.
So here is the debate ...
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Since we judge the elimination by the Osmans on the Armenians as genocide, since we judge the war of the Germans vs the Herero tribe in 1904 in German Southwest Africa (today Namibia) as a genocide, then obviously the conquest in America was a genocide...technical argument
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Last week expert Austin Ruse President/C-Fam, Editor & Publisher/Friday Fax (https://c-fam.org/) raised the alert that the UN is negotiating a new hard-law treaty that will make Church teachings crimes against humanity.
How could this possibly be?
Here’s how he explained it.
" UN Member States are now negotiating a new hard-law treaty on “crimes against humanity.” These are generally regarded as those crimes that offend all of humanity, such as the genocide of the Jews by the Germans during World War II.
The new treaty very well may include the following:
“Sexual orientation and gender identity”
And
“Forced pregnancy”
Please knew we oppose all unjust discrimination against those with same-sex attraction. However, we cannot support the idea that opposing “sexual orientation and gender identity” as a new “crime against humanity.” This would criminalize the teachings of the Church.
We faced the notion of “forced pregnancy” when the International Criminal Court was negotiated twenty years ago. In the hands of the left, “forced pregnancy” means that a woman cannot get an abortion.
Working with UN Member States twenty years ago, we got it defined as the repeated rape of a woman for the purposes of changing the demographic profile of a country, literally holding a woman prisoner until she gives birth.
But, the left is back again and they want to insert “forced pregnancy” into the new treaty but without a definition so they can define it later against the unborn child.
This is how the new treaty will criminalize the teachings of the Church. And this is why we oppose this new language, and why we need your help."
I think that it is a problem for all humanity, it is not only a problem for catholics like myself. It seeks to force pro-abort legislation in all countries that have some protection for the unborn. If this UN treaty is approved, besides multiplying the number of aborts, many more women would be dangeroulsy wounded in their feminity because the post-abort syndrom, and beside the problems of an aging population would increase without limit. This is really irresponsably encouraging an inhumane behavior. For what use is the UN today?
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Breaking News! Major Transgender, Abortion, and Sexual Rights Controversies Erupt at the United Nations
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What is genocide? A quick search gives the following definition: the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.
Now, in this scenario, there's no actual killing. However, it has long been understood that race is not a biologically valid trait. We are all one species and there hasn't been time for actual biologically valid separations from groups to evolve. So, what differentiates one group of people from another is culture.
If a group of people are required to give up their cultural heritage, then that ethnicity is gone. Obviously this is a fairly charged question, but I think the RG community is up to answering it honestly and rationally.
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Re David's response above: I say it depends on the element that is being restricted. For example, in Canada in the 1960s, in order to dissuade the Inuit from their life as hunters and travelers, the government sent in forces to kill all the sled dogs (which of course provided the major means of transportation over the ice and snow). The result of restricting or eliminating this one element was beyond devastating. In one action, the people were forced not only to give up their way of life as hunters (of seals, caribou, and other Arctic wildlife) around which their culture had developed, it forced them into squalid reserves. Of course, that was not the only attempt at cultural genocide; the government forced children into residential schools to "kill the Indian in the child" (including loss of language), which also damaged them as human beings--they were abused in the schools, and separated sometimes by great distance from their friends and family. Either one of these acts alone likely would have severely damaged the culture, but in combination, it represented an attempt at cultural genocide that nearly succeeded. The culture has survived but is still in recovery mode--the damage done was extensive, and the effects are still felt in those communities.
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Can we handle the subject of "genocide" from English linguistic viewpoint?
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Hi!
Genocide is to do human beings' death or killing by natural desaster or by other people (invaders, tribal opponent or dictators). taken as a theme of concentration linguistically, one may elaborate on appropriate registers, discuss community understanding of the specialized language/discourse and suggest the most relevant understanding.
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As an identified Aboriginal (Gamilaroi) person with mixed heritage, I am fed up of seeing and hearing on National TV and in every day life that First Nations people are at each other, when it comes to money, culture and history. We have struggled enough for 230 years, and quite frankly I'm over it!!
We are not helping ourselves let alone our communities. Yes many have been dislocated from their traditional roots, my family was no different thanks to genocide and ongoing child removals. As a nation how are we going to fix this dilemma? I am over being asked what percentage of Aboriginal, I am also tired of westerners and immigrants saying your not black enough. The monkey see and hear does not work... We come in all shades, we live among your communities, whether it be urban or regional.
It is time to have an open conversation about the myths that: "the real Aboriginal people live in the desert, are black, poor, and paint dots".
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Albert Nungaray I completely agree; I live in Chicago and several people in the Native community here were born and raised in the city, and as a result their indigeneity is questioned by those in reservation communities. It's frustrating and sad to see that legacies of colonization have led us to argue about "who's really Native" but I concur with your idea that blaming people for holding on to what they have isn't helpful either.
I know our youth here are very active in both the Native community and politically; we've had some visit D.C. to protest, and one especially bright young person has met former President Obama through Gen-I Native. It's really awe-inspiring to see these kids thrive and reclaim their cultural heritages.
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The Abrahamic religions were originally formed upon a martial, violent god with a perceptively nasty streak and a tendency towards promoting genocide. There have been developments since and finer impulses have emerged but that nasty god is still there, hovering around like a perplexing bad sore.
Can we not start again and those that require religion to survive life's fraught circumstances or just to have that warm glow that comes from connectiveness with others sit down and devise a better god to worship, one who, at least, celebrates life not death?One who inculcates joy and laughter, not the miseries people often now worship. One genuinely based upon ethics.
As an historian, I particularly deploy their dependence on historical events that never occurred, or are of extremely doubtful provenance, and their added refusal to accept the evidence.
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Which Abrahamic religion did the Nazis used for the holocaust and WW II? Which Abrahamic religion did Stalin used for his Collectivization program? Which Abrahamic religion did Mao used for the Cultural Revolution? Which Abrahamic religion was used during WW I ? Which Abrahamic religion did Pol Pot used in Cambodia? Which Abrahamic religion did the Japanese used when conquering China? Which Abrahamic religion was used for dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Which Abrahamic religion was used for Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom? thanks.
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Hi,
I have recently collected 15 case studies from 15 Rohingya who have been able to escape genocide in Rakhine state of Myanmar. I have also got some photos of them and of the refugee camps in Bangladesh.
Can anyone please suggest whom I can approach for publishing this? It can be either online or print version.
Thanks!
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Thank you so much Stewart and Ibrahim for your help :)
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My paper, English Genocide in Nova Scotia, is well researched but not enough original research for an academic publication and which I am not able to provide. But, the atrocities need to be exposed.
Is there another level of journals, or even other publications, that will publish such material of 35pp or 85pp?
I am happy to post some or all of the paper as long as it does not interfere with a future publication. 
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It's possible to publish the manuscript in a peer reviewed journal. However, you may want to structure it as a perspective or review article. The best course of action is contacting an editor and inform them about your work. Alternative, use Elsevier's Journal Finder or Springer's Journal Suggester. You submit your title, research field and abstract, then these resources will give you a list of journals you could submit your work. 
Good luck.
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My research is on Zimbabwe's 1980s genocide and how it is remembered today. Very little has been written on this subject yet it continues to be a strategic point of electioneering. The research tries to document the causes, effects and questions/investigates legal implications of the genocide. I am also contesting public memory as archive.
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See what Prof Jonathan Webber and Chris Schwarz have written about this topic in Traces of Memory a book about the attempt to find, preserve and celebrate what is left of Jewish memories in today's southeastern Poland.  Of note, as soon as you cross the border into Ukraine, even though it was Poland in September 1939, the traces instantly evaporate.  It is a fascinating comparison between how Ukraine and Poland have decided to remember the genocide committed there.  Yehuda Bauer also wrote a book about 15 years ago Rethinking the Holocaust that speaks to this topic.  
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In certain states freedom and responsibility only to certain groups resulted in Genocides.  What are our obligations to manifest the optimal in a healthful society and who determines what responsibility is if it's something that makes us responsible to one another's freedom, how free are we as individuals to oppose the tyranny of groups if we don't have a way to regulate other's freedoms with our own commitment to unfolding the responsibility of individual and collective identities.  With this in mind is it mutually exclusive to be absolutely free yet have obligations and responsibility's to others, aren't by definitions commitments to others a limitation on absolute freedom. IS freedom absolute or relative to societal expectations.  IF It's relative to societal expectations what creates freedom, and makes it optimal and innate to human expressions?
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Paul, yes, there is no question that life expectancy increases with income.  As you noted, there appear to be multiple factors involved, and the poor lifestyle choices you listed are major contributing factors.  Because education level is correlated with income and lifestyle, I suppose it is another factor.  I've read that in California, the average education level of illegal immigrants from Mexico and Central America is 3rd grade, and reports indicate that as a group they are among the most unhealthy.  Thus, it appears that access to health care is only one factor in creating a healthy society.  
I would argue that politicians bear great responsibility in such an endeavor.  In my lifetime, however, I have not observed many US politicians dedicated to doing so.
James
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The concept of genocide is described by Stanton with 10 steps. The fourth one is the dehumanization that's understood as propaganda of hate speech. Concretely, how can we define that hate speech in terms of vocabulary ? How can we recognize it ? 
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The best method to approach the topic of dehumanization in terms of the texts produced is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDS).
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I'm interested in how R2P, which covers mass atrocity crimes  (genocide, ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity and war crimes) gained essentially "most favored norm" status while competing normative candidates covering much wider scale human suffering and loss of life such as extreme poverty and HIV/AIDS comparatively failed. I'm interested in how the sociological literature on social problems as well as the IR literatures on norm contestation and argumentation might help me make sense of this puzzle. 
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I will send you my article due to be published in the special issue of the Journal of Human rights next month. It raises the same issues about R2P
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I'm exploring Claude Lanzmann, Alain Resnais, Rithy Panh, Joshua Oppenheimer, Ari Folman, Chantal Akerman, Harun Farocki, Avi Mograbi... any more?
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Nostalgia for the Light by Patrizio Guzman, with a completely different approach he addresses the impact of the Pinochet's dictatorship 
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In the treaty of Sevres there is an article referring to an Arbitration by Americans, more precicely the Woodraw Wilson Arbitration. Does this exist and whether it implicates land issues of Armenians?
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Under 89 of the Treaty of Sevres, US President Woodrow Wilson would adjudicate on the future boundary between Armenia and Ottoman State. Under Article 90 , Ottoman State would transfer the Vilayets of Trebizond , Erzerum, Bitlis and Van etc to Armenia subject to Wilson's final arbitral award. Then a boundary commission was to be established to settle the frontier between these two states. I am not an international jurist regarding Armenian land issues under Wilson's arbitration. However the Treaty of Sevres was never ratified by the major European powers. Greece ratified it as Smyrna was to be included in the Hellenic Kingdom in 5 yrs time subject to a plebiscite by the Smrniots to join with the motherland. This never happened as Smyrna ended up being torched in Sept 1922 by the kemalists. Finally the Bolsheviks took control of Armenia in December 1920. Hope this helps.
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Of particular interest are Germany and Cambodia.
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Dear Christiane,
Here:
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;160(6):1086-92.
Attachment and traumatic stress in female holocaust child survivors and their daughters.
Sagi-Schwartz A, Van IJzendoorn MH, Grossmann KE, Joels T, Grossmann K, Scharf M, Koren-Karie N, Alkalay S.
Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Israel. sagi@psy.haifa.ac.il
Int Psychogeriatr. 2011 May;23(4):654-61. doi: 10.1017/S1041610210001791. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
Post-traumatic stress symptoms linked to hidden Holocaust trauma among adult Finnish evacuees separated from their parents as children in World War II, 1939-1945: a case-control study.
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The Nuremberg Trials set the tone for the evolution of a host of norms that eventually found their reflection in the Rome Statute. With over 122 Ratifications, the Rome Statute has come to be a guiding light on its own merit casting its luminance on those functions of sovereigns that hitherto were protected from 'public scrutiny'. There are serious debates as to whether by subscribing to the ICC nations are forsaking their sovereignty. The number of ratifications however are reflective of the emergence of a consensus amongst nations that no regime must violate individual right to life and dignity in the name of sovereign impregnability. Charles Taylor's conviction seems to suggest that the consensus is not merely a vote for morality. Or, is it?
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Greetings Professor Srinivasan. As the factors go:
1 - I agree with you in the matter of of time being, the 69 years that separate the present from the Nuremberg Trials are a substantial amount of time. Nevertheless, our legal system, and by that I refer to the international one, is quite slow in matter of recognition of norms that affect the liberty of States, and its representatives. Since we have in many books, as in Orakhelashvili's or in Hannikainen's, the recognition of the immunity of the representatives as a peremptory norm of international law.
2 - Regarding to the acceptance of States, the number that is necessary for the recognition of a peremptory norm, is yet to be defined, and such definition is not to be achieved soon. I agree that it should be usefull to have representatives of different legal systems, and representatives of all continents, so it would be diminished the debate over the eurocentration that is well used by some. I think the peremptory norms should be used as a protective system to the International Community as well as to human beings, and in the cases presented by you, the crimes to be judged by the Roman Statute, it is most present.
3 - It is set to motion the engine and it's parts, but I still do not know if it already set to be enforced. Cause untill the date none of the customary norms used in the international relations is recognized as peremptory, as the requirements ask for. Undoubtedly, someday, it is gonna be recognized by States, beyond the conference meetings held in Viena, a group of norms, or at least the existence of some norms as peremptory. It is set as an example the Human Rights legislations, that are recognized as important and fundamental for State pratice, but none of them recognized it as peremptory in the legal text, only on arguments during the conference, and yet, not by all.
But in our field the changes are set in academy long before they reach the reality of politics.
Glad to have recieved an answer. Hope to continue the conversation, that cannot be held at the University, since as for the moment, I am the only one with a background in International Law. Have a great day also!