Genetic Structures - Science topic

Despite increased attention by molecular taxonomists, the herpetofauna of Southeast Asia still hides many undescribed species among far-ranging taxa. In this study, we reexamine the mitochondrial diversity of painted frogs of the microhylid genus Kaloula, based on ~2,455 bp of published and new 12S and 16S rRNA sequences, and describe two new speci...

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous stretches of identical genomic regions inherited from both parents. Assessment of ROH in livestock species contributes significantly to our understanding of genetic health, population genetic structure, selective pressure and conservation efforts. In this study, whole genome re‐sequencing data from 140 bird...

Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a significant healthcare challenge that particularly affects vulnerable patients through opportunistic nosocomial infections. Surveillance is crucial for monitoring the prevalence of these infections. Eighty-four KPC K. pneumoniae strains (2019–2022) were collected from patients admitted in Fondazione Po...

Plant root exudates are involved in nutrient acquisition, microbial partnerships, and inter‐organism signaling. Yet, little is known about the genetic and environmental drivers of root exudate variation at large geographical scales, which may help understand the evolutionary trajectories of plants in heterogeneous environments. We quantified natura...

We combined mitochondrial DNA sequence data and paleoclimatic distribution models to document phylogeographic patterns and investigate the historical demography of two manakins, Ceratopipra rubrocapilla and Pseudopipra pipra, as well as to explore connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. ND2 sequences of C. rubrocapilla (75 individuals...

With funding from the Polish National Science Center (UMO-2017/26/E/NZ8/01049), the genetic diversity and landscape genetics of natural chestnut populations in the South Caucasus were investigated. Seventeen populations from Georgia and four populations from Azerbaijan were examined using microsatellite markers. Populations from Georgia were chosen...

Due to the complexity of taxonomic classification based on the classical morphological characters of copepods, phylogenies have been ambiguous. In this study, we investigate the phylogeny of copepods, including four species from three orders, in the saltern of Sfax using the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S). In the studied area, c...

Coral exhibits substantial variation in pelagic larval duration, dispersal range, and population connectivity. In this study, we used reduced representation genotyping to compare the genetic structure of Caribbean reef-building species along the southeastern Dominican Republic coastline to assess connectivity within the likely dispersal kernel. Des...

Biological diversity is a measure of the health of biological systems and the basis on which many studies and research in biology rely. It is a mixture of genetic variations and environmental influences and is relied upon as a value in the management of natural resources. Plant genetic resources are among the components of this science due to the p...

Aquatic pathogens often cannot tolerate drying, and thus their spread, and diversity across a landscape may depend on interactions between hydrological conditions and the movement of infected hosts. The aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a nearly ubiquitous pathogen of amphibians and particular lineages have been associated with...

Background Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important crop with significant medicinal and culinary uses. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of Himalayan garlic genotypes from Sikkim is crucial for effective breeding and conservation efforts. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity among 60 Himalayan garlic genotyp...

This study provides critical insights into the genetic diversity of the IIS6 domain of the VGSC gene in Aedes aegypti populations across various regions in India, focusing on two mutations: S989P and V1016G. Samples were collected from seven different cities across the country, including Dibrugarh, Kolkata, Berhampur, Bhopal, Bengaluru, Ghaziabad,...

Introduction Tibetan sheep, economically important animals on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, have diversified into numerous local breeds with unique characteristics through prolonged environmental adaptation and selective breeding. However, most current research focuses on one or two breeds, and lacks a comprehensive representation of the genetic diver...

Plant genetic resources are invaluable assets for nations, essential for breeding programs, and agricultural advancements. Assessing the genetic variation within these resources is crucial for their effective utilization in breeding. This study investigates the genetic diversity among 96 Gundelia L. genotypes, comprising 17 identified species and 5...

Beta Thalassemia Major is a severe inherited blood disorder caused by mutations in the HBB gene, resulting in reduced or absent production of beta-globin chains. This condition leads to chronic anemia, requiring regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. The disorder is prevalent in regions such as the Mediterranean, Middle East, South...

Uncovering the genetic characteristics of important traits in wheat cultivars is essential for targeted wheat breeding. Here, a liquid 100K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip panel, integrating markers of known function, was selected and used to analyze genetic characteristics for 115 spring wheat cultivars from a high-altitude region of Chi...

Cryptography ensures data privacy by transforming data into unreadable formats that only authorized individuals can decrypt. With the increase in electronically stored and transmitted data, enhanced methods for data protection are required. DNA cryptography, leveraging the genetic structure of DNA, provides a promising approach for secure communica...

Stingless beekeeping, also known as meliponiculture, has gained increasing popularity in many tropical and subtropical countries for its use in commercial pollination and high-value honey and propolis production. However, this rising interest in stingless beekeeping has led to significant geographical displacements of bee colonies by beekeepers, oc...

The Calamagrostis stricta (Poaceae) species complex is a circumpolar, boreo-arctic and montane taxon that includes numerous subspecies and varieties. The recent discovery of Calamagrostis lonana in the Alps calls for a thorough assessment of relationships within C. stricta. The main aim of our study was to elucidate the phylogenetic position, genet...

Understanding the evolutionary history of a species is essential for effective conservation management. Malus sieversii, a relict broad‐leaf forest tree found in arid Central Asian mountains, has a narrow and fragmented distribution and is classified as an endangered species in China. This species is considered one of the ancestors of the domestica...

This study explored the maternal genetic diversity of six indigenous Indian horse and pony breeds (Bhutia, Kathiawari, Manipuri, Marwari, Spiti, and Zanskari) using comprehensive mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) analysis. Blood samples from 53 horses across diverse agro-climatic zones of India were analyzed, revealing 36 distinct haplotypes, with...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Despite a large number of studies, the current prognosis of ALS is still not ideal. This article briefly describes the clinical features including epidemiology, genetic structure and clinical manifestations, as well as the progress of new diagnos...

The Chinese Tan sheep is a unique breed of sheep that is typical throughout China, mainly used for fur and meat production. They are widely distributed in northwestern China and are famous for their lambskin and shiny white curly wool. In this study, the phenotypic traits of wool length, birth weight, and head coat color were evaluated in 256 Chine...

The darkfin hind, Cephalopholis urodeta , is a commercially valuable reef fish species inhabiting the ecologically important Spratly Islands. Understanding this species’ genetic diversity and population structure is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies, particularly given the increasing pressures on coral reef ecosystems. This s...

Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. mongolica ‘Shenqiuhong’ is an excellent cultivar of sea buckthorn unique to China that is characterised by large fruits, high yield and no fruit drop even in winter, but this cultivar is poorly adapted to areas south of China’s northern latitude of 40°. In this study, 358 free-pollinated offspring of ‘Shenqiuhong’ wer...

Background: The conservation of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the central Mediterranean benefits from an in-depth understanding of its population genetic structure and diversity. Methods: This study, therefore, investigates C. caretta in Maltese waters by genetically analysing 63 specimens collected through strandings and in-water sam...

The aim of the study was to verify the effectiveness of the method that analyses the microsatellite DNA to genetically identification dog breeds and crossbreeds using reference populations of the purebred individuals and Bayesian clustering analysis. The study was conducted based on 21 microsatellite markers (STR) recommended by ISAG for pedigree s...

Cyprus, facing climate change and desertification, has Europe’s second highest population growth. Halloumi cheese’s Protected Designation of Origin status boosted goat and sheep milk demand. Optimizing primary sector production is key to balancing food production and environmental sustainability. The present study aims to explore the genetic divers...

The study aimed to assess the high-pressure processing (HPP) impact on antibiotic resistance gene transfer in L. monocytogenes from food and food processing environments, both in vitro (in microbiological medium) and in situ (in carrot juice), using the membrane filter method. Survival, recovery, and frequency of antibiotic resistance gene transfer...

Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disorder causing demyelination and neurological damage, has been linked to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, suggesting its role in immune response and MS onset. This study used GWAS datasets to investigate genetic associations between 25OHD and MS. Methods We utilized a large-scale prospective c...

The carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, is native to Southeast Asia, infests about 150 plant species, and is considered a quarantine pest insect in several regions of the world. Bactrocera carambolae has invaded Suriname, French Guyana, and northern Brazil. In Brazil, it was first recorded in 1996 and has been restricted to t...

Introduction Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively utilized in archeology, human evolutionary genetics, and forensic genetic for over three decades, primarily due to its maternal inheritance and relatively high mutation rate. The Chinese Han, the largest and most widely distributed ethnic group in China, have been the focus of numerous gen...

Factors such as life history traits, environmental conditions, and landscape characteristics influence genetic diversity and structure. Rivers act as corridors that aid dispersal and gene flow among riparian species, such as the bamboo Guadua trinii, commonly known as the “tacuara brava” which grows along riversides and gallery forests in South Ame...

Large wild mammals are extremely important in their respective ecological communities and are frequently considered to be emblematic. This is the case of the different tapir species, the largest terrestrial mammals from the Neotropics. Despite their large size and being objects of interest for many naturalists, the field still lacks critical genet...

High-altitude environments pose substantial challenges for human survival and reproduction, attracting considerable attention to the demographic and adaptive histories of high-altitude populations. Previous work focused mainly on Tibetans, establishing their genetic relatedness to East Asians and their genetic adaptation to high altitude, especiall...

Sophora japonica is an important native tree species in northern China, with high ornamental, medicinal, and ecological value. In order to elucidate the genetic resources of ancient S. japonica, 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to evaluate its genetic diversity and population structure and build a core collection of 416 germplasms...

This research explains the relations and implications of Kho Ping Hoo's discrimination experiences as a Peranakan Tionghoa group to the emergence of the Pendekar Cengeng silat story . Data were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed using Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism theory which focuses on human facts, co...

The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a broadly distributed parasite with high epidemiological significance. Its first intermediate hosts are crustaceans, its second intermediate hosts are fish, while the definitive hosts are various fish-eating birds and, as recently shown, ringed seals. The stages of Ligula intestinalis in fish are...

The crystal structure of the Kob–Andersen mixture has been probed by genetic algorithm calculations. The stable structures of the system with different molar fractions of the components have been identified, and their stability at finite temperatures has been verified. It has been found that the structures of composition ABn, where n = 2, 3, or 4,...

Historical data suggest that the Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca once had a widespread breeding distribution throughout the Caucasus region, but recent studies have revealed that this population has declined significantly and is now restricted to a single small breeding site at Lake Tabatskuri in Georgia. This population was considered a distinct rel...

In the marine realm, the interpretation of gene flows is often not as linear as terrestrial but requires an understanding of organisms’ life history traits, especially for marine invertebrates with bipartite life stages, as well as the local prevailing seascape features. Giant clams have suffered population decline across the Asia–Pacific region, l...

In this study we present the results of a comparative genetic analysis of bees of the Apis mellifera caucasica subspecies with the subspecies A. m. carnica and A. m. mellifera. We performed polymorphism analysis of nine microsatellite loci (Ap243, 4a110, A24, A8, A113, A88, Ap049, A28, and A43) and determined the haplotypes of the tRNAleu-COII locu...

Incompatible plasmids play a crucial role in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria, and have thus attracted considerable attention in the field of microbiological research. In the 1970s, these plasmids, housing an array of resistance genes and genetic elements, were predominantly discov...

Mountains and islands are both model systems for studying the biogeography of diversification and population fragmentation. Aotearoa is an excellent location to study both phenomena due to alpine emergence and oceanic separation. While it would be expected that separation across Te Moana o Raukawa and elevation gradients are major barriers to gene...

Comprehensive characterizations of genetic diversity and demographic models of ethnolinguistically diverse Chinese populations are essential for elucidating their forensic characteristics and evolutionary past. We developed a 114-plex NGS InDel panel to genotype 114 genome-wide markers and investigated the genetic structures of Zhuang, Hui, Miao, L...

The common tern (Sterna hirundo) is a migratory seabird experiencing a decline in breeding pairs across several European populations due to various threats, including habitat destruction and human disturbance. This study investigates the population genetic structure and diversity of common terns sampled extensively across three European areas—North...

Cocobod introduced nationwide artificial hand pollination in Ghana in 2017 to supplement natural pollination of Theobroma cacao L. (cocoa) by insects (Forcipomyia midges) to increase yield. Hybrid farms of 8–20 years old are mostly selected. Pollen donor and receiver trees are selected based on morphological characteristics. This study analyzed the...

Untangling the patterns and proximate drivers of intraspecific genetic and phenotypic structuring informs our understanding of the evolutionary processes shaping diversity. This study investigated morphological and genetic structuring of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations across varying spatial scales in a single, complex, dendritic river ca...

Fusarium oxysporum root rot (FORR) is an important disease threatening soybean production. The development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) molecular markers will help accelerate the disease resistance breeding process and achieve the breeding goal of improving soybean disease resistance. This study evaluated the FORR disease resistance of 356 so...

High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) provides new opportunities for efficiently dissecting the genetic basis of drought-adaptive traits, which is essential in current wheat breeding programs. The combined use of HTP and genome-wide association (GWAS) approaches has been useful in the assessment of complex traits such as yield, under field stress condi...

Continuing with examination of roots of molecular biology, the third article discusses how the chromosomal theory of Mendelian inheritance triggered embryologists to turn to Genetics and how the embryologist Thomas Hunt Morgan, who did not initially believe in Mendel’s factors or the chromosomal theory of inheritance or Darwin’s theory of evolution...

This study investigates the Y-chromosome genetic diversity of the Turkmen population in Turkmenistan, analyzing 23 Y-STR loci for the first time in a sample of 100 individuals. Combined with comparative data from Turkmen populations in Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Russia, and Uzbekistan, this analysis offers insights into the genetic structure and rela...

Red fox, Vulpes vulpes , is a globally distributed species characterized by its high adaptability to diverse habitats and a broad range of food resources. This remarkable adaptability has allowed the red fox to thrive in various environments, from urban areas to remote wilderness. In this study, we used a set of microsatellite markers for the compa...

Viruses are submicroscopic agents that can infect other lifeforms and use their hosts’ cells to replicate themselves. Despite having simplistic genetic structures among all living beings, viruses are highly adaptable, resilient, and capable of causing severe complications in their hosts’ bodies. Due to their multiple transmission pathways, high con...

Background The loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is a significant freshwater economic fish in China, renowned for its tender meat, delicious taste, and high nutritional value. It is widely distributed across the country, except for the western plateau. However, the loach is currently at risk of population decline and degradation of wildlife resour...

The genetic characterization of aquatic organisms from the Biobio river and San Vicente Bay, exposed to pollution, or to natural environmental effects, is reported. Isozyme electrophoresis, cariotype description and micronucleus test are used to describe the genetic structure of organisms under study. Isozyme electrophoresis applied to Concholepas...

The Charolais cattle are important in Ecuador. The aim was to study the evolution of population structure, genetic diversity (GD) and gene origin probability (GOP) in Charolais cattle using official genealogical information in 3 subpopulations: FF (Full French), FE = (French-Ecuadorian), and PB = (Pure Breed).