General Practice - Science topic

We are pleased to invite you to two hybrid conferences on environmental pollution. April 9-10, 2025 – Emerging Environmental Contaminants: Current Status, Challenges, and Perspectives April 10-11, 2025 – Air Quality and Global Pollution: Monitoring, Exposure, and Human Health. These conferences will provide a platform for joint discussions on on...

Background: Video consultations (VC) disrupt how general practice provides care and how patients receive it. A step towards understanding the use of VC is to study the association between user-status and general practitioner and practice characteristics. Aim: To study the association between general practitioner and general practice characteristic...

Importance An unhealthy lifestyle is believed to increase the development and persistence of low back pain, but there is uncertainty about whether integrating support for lifestyle risks in low back pain management improves patients’ outcomes. Objective To assess the effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyle Program (HeLP) compared with guideline-bas...

MCQs for practice General Pharmacology

Background: The introduction of remote and digital forms of working in UK general practice has driven the development of new routines and working styles. Aim: To explore and theorise how new forms of work have affected general practice staff. Design and setting: Multi-site, qualitative case study in UK general practice. Method: Using longitudinal e...

Background Although increasing numbers of appointments are being provided, public satisfaction with access to UK general practice is declining. Previous attempts to improve access have not been systematically collated. Aim We aimed to identify interventions to improve access to general practice in the UK, to organise these interventions into thema...

Background Like other countries developing standardized general practice training, China faces the challenge of training vast numbers of new general practice faculty. However, little is known about these clinician-teachers’ motivations and perceived needs for faculty development. This review intended to explore available published data on Chinese g...

Background General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in recognizing cognitive deficits and diagnosing dementia. Currently, dementia diagnosis in primary care is prone to be missed or delayed. Electronic health records from GPs can offer insights into the trajectory leading up to a dementia diagnosis. Our aim was to characterize prior medical...

Canada’s heritage sites, while fewer in number compared to Europe, face significant challenges in accessibility due to strict preservation laws. Many were built before social inclusion became a priority, making them difficult to navigate for individuals with disabilities. For example, cobbled streets with uneven surfaces or significant level differ...

Background Practices with higher two-week-wait (2WW) referral-rates demonstrate higher survival for several cancers. Yet, there is little up-to-date evidence exploring factors influencing 2WW-referral-rates and whether health inequalities exist, particularly after COVID-19. Aim To establish which patient-factors (eg, age, sex, ethnicity, deprivati...

Introduction: Validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial for assessing patients' experiences in the healthcare system. Both clinically and theoretically, patient-centered consultations are essential in patient-care, and are often suggested as the optimal strategy in caring for patients with multimorbidity. Aim: To either ide...

Background Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current research suggests that general practitioners are unaware of women’s HDP history, and although ideally placed to follow-up with these...

Background: The challenges of recruiting and retaining rural GPs are well described. UK data suggests high levels of burnout, characterised by detachment, exhaustion and cynicism, plays a role in GP turnover. The contrast is engagement with work. There is limited evidence examining the relationship between work engagement and recruitment and retent...

Objectives Knowledge about the long-term course and prognosis of persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) is important to improve clinical decision-making and guidance for patients with PSS. Therefore, we aimed to: (1) identify distinct 5-year trajectories of symptom severity, physical and mental functioning in adult patients with PSS and (2) explore pati...

Background In chronic care, patient-GP collaboration is essential, but might be challenging if patients have complex health problems due to multimorbidity, psychosocial predicaments and addiction problems. To understand and manage these challenges, it is important to explore how patients’ and GPs’ attempt to collaborate, to maintain and achieve an...

Introduction Given the importance of GP care to the public’s health, it is important that we understand how patterns of service use change as levels of investment change. This study investigated GP use in Britain in conjunction with use of outpatient services during a period of investment and during a period of austerity. Method The study used dat...

Background/Objectives: Limited research has explored histamine intolerance from the perspective of primary caregivers. Our objective was to develop a practical symptom profile from the standpoint of general practice. We also aimed to gather data on the frequency and timing of disease progression and to establish a staging system. Methods: This stud...

Purpose This study investigated whether maternal antenatal attachment (MAA) in the third trimester was associated with self-reported problematic infant crying at eight weeks postnatally and explored links with postnatal depressive symptoms. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted with 1287 pregnant participants in Danish general practice....

Background Knowledge about healthcare users’ evaluation of general practice is relatively limited. Aim We aimed to investigate evaluations in Danish men of general practice healthcare and of different aspects of general practitioners’ (GPs) communication with patients. Design & setting Secondary analyses of data from a web-based survey in 6756 Da...

Concerned with intellectual theft, we decided to examine intellectual theft among undergraduates at a private higher education institution. The aim of this study was to compare the act and frequency of plagiarism, particularly between programmes, gender, year of study and academic performance. This study adopted the quantitative approach, using a q...

Digitalization is fundamentally reshaping the professional-client relationship and altering how professional services are organized, delivered, and used. However, understanding successful relationship-building practices in the digital era remains underdeveloped. We aim to address this gap in the following three steps. First, we map how digital tech...

The textbook covers all the aspects of interventional radiology (IR), ranging from anatomy, pre-procedural evaluation, technique, post procedure care, and complications. It provides a comprehensive overview of both vascular and non-vascular interventions and thus fills the gap in the existing literature. The Initial chapters of the book focus on th...

Background: Evidence on whether general practice rates of investigation in symptomatic patients using chest x-ray (CXR) affects outcomes is equivocal. Aim: Determine if there is an association between rates of general practice (GP) requested CXR and lung cancer outcomes. Design and setting: Retrospective observational study (England) Methods: Cance...

Background: In Curaçao Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) is still forbidden by law, although a policy of tolerance has been stipulated since 1999. This paper is about the prevalence of TOP and about its health complications. These data on TOP are officially unknown but are suspected to be rather high. Methods: One year registration of illegal performe...

Objetivo: Verificar a frequência de classificações inapropriadas de sinais e sintomas como problema crónico (CIC), em medicina geral e familiar (MGF), no concelho de Coimbra. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal dos dados de amostra aleatória das Unidades de Saúde Familiar (USF) do concelho de Coimbra, uma por cada um dos seis centros de saúde...

Background: Little is known about how GP consultation rates for children’s respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have changed since the covid-19 pandemic restrictions lifted. Aim: To describe changes in GP consultation rates for RTIs in children <5 years from 2016-2023. Design and Setting: Population-based retrospective cohort study using electronic...

Introdução: A medicina geral e familiar (MGF) tem um papel preponderante na deteção precoce de problemas ligados ao álcool (PLA) e consequente intervenção. No entanto, muitos casos não são diagnosticados e não recebem o devido aconselhamento ou tratamento. Objetivos: Perceber como é feita a avaliação e abordagem de PLA pelos médicos de família (MF)...

Background : The evolution of community risk measures for covid-19 infection from 2023 to 2024 is not clearly known. Objective: To know the evolution of risk measures of cases of covid-19 from October 1, 2022 to October 1, 2024 in a general medicine consultation in Toledo, Spain. Methodology: Comparison of the covid-19 Incidence Rate, Relative Risk...

Background: The impostor phenomenon (IP) characterizes individuals unable to recognize their success, attributing it to luck or assuming it was a mistake. Mental health problems can then occur. IP is most frequent in individuals with high academic and professional success, such as medical students and health professionals. Aim: To determine the pre...

Background/aim: Pharmacotherapy is vital in medicine, but inappropriate and inadequate use of medications significantly impacts global mortality and morbidity. Increased prescribing may indicate irrational use or prolonged illness, while decreased prescribing could suggest undertreatment, supply shortages, or the availability of safer and, more ef...

Li com atenção e gosto o artigo da autoria de A. L. Pereira e de P. Costa com o título “Os instrumentos de avaliação familiar como aliados da adesão terapêutica: um relato de caso”. A prática da Medicina Geral e Familiar (MGF), que deve ser sistémica para a pessoa e não apenas biomédica e dirigida à doença, carece do uso de instrumentos que permita...

Background: Chlamydia is the most diagnosed bacterial sexually transmitted infection in England, but opportunistic testing remains low in general practice despite high prevalence among young people. Attempts to increase testing have been met with little success; therefore, there is a need to explore why rates remain low and how this may be improved...

Nowadays, internet is considered one of the important mediums for delivering and spreading information. The platform for delivering information through internet is seen as more effective and comprehensive compared to others, as it can be said that almost every member of society now owns a smartphone and has access to all the information within it....

Despite previous studies supporting a close relationship between constipation and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the potential impact of constipation on incident CKD and the role of laxatives remains uncertain. We analyzed longitudinal data from the UK Biobank, which links baseline assessment data with follow-up data from hospital episode statistics...

Valuation plays essential roles in the property market either for loan purposes, sale transactions, and portfolio management or performance measurement. Previous studies had established that there was valuation inaccuracy everywhere in the world, including Nigeria. This study examined the causes of such inaccuracies. Survey approach was used in car...

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are poised to become central tools in clinical practice, to preemptively identify patient optimal treatments, and in drug discovery, overcoming the limitations of cancer cell lines. However, the implementation of PDOs in both these settings has been hampered by several bottlenecks including sample requirements, assa...

This study examines the intricate dynamics between price discrimination, inferred motives, price fairness perception, and switching costs, focusing on their collective impact on consumer behavior. Price discrimination, a common profit-maximization strategy, can significantly influence perceptions of fairness, particularly when consumers evaluate a...

The aim of the observational SIMPLE study was to assess real-life effectiveness and safety of a single-pill combination (SPC) of perindopril arginine/amlodipine in a broad range of subjects with newly diagnosed mild-to-moderate hypertension treated in Canadian general practice. Treatment-naïve participants aged 18–65 years with mild-to-moderate hyp...

Introduction General practitioners (GPs) often face challenges in explaining to patients with persistent physical symptoms (PPS) why their symptoms persist. Providing an explanation of the central sensitisation (CS) mechanism to patients could be helpful, yet GPs do not routinely test for signs of CS in these patients. The aim of this study was to...

Objectives Educational initiatives in residency may lack alignment with residents’ learning objectives. Furthermore, they may overlook residents’ struggle to find fulfilment in their work. Professional identity formation (PIF) is a conceptual lens through which to explore the alignment of educational initiatives with residents’ learning objectives....

Study Design: This is an observational study. Objectives: In general practice, it is noted that some people can deal more easily with a prominent belly than others. Recent use of spinopelvic parameters in the analysis of the spine might explain this observation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between pelvic incidence (PI), waist circ...

In this article, we approach an unexplored line of analysis and research about the impact of transformations in journalists’ work on professional pressure and performance- consumption, what we refer to as the process of pharmaceuticalisation of work contexts. We discuss how changes at work lead to increased pressure on journalists and how pressure...

The purpose of the study is to promulgate the “custrac model” that proposes how the Ghanaian university management through its relationship officers can attract fully qualified and competent students globally. Following a survey technique, data were collected from 500 respondents from the top five Universities in Ghana. Analysis was done using Smar...

Objective The main objective of this study is to examine the safety of oral acetaminophen at its therapeutic dose in adults aged ≥65 years. Methods This population‐based cohort study used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink‐Gold data. Participants were aged ≥65 years registered with a UK general practice for at least 12 months between 1998 and...

Steganography, water marking and encryption are widely used in image processing and communication. A general practice is to use them independently or in combination of two - for e.g. data hiding with encryption or steganography alone. This paper aims to combine the features of watermarking, image encryption as well as image steganography to provide...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Zur optimalen Disposition von Notfallpatient:innen mit geringer Fallschwere wurde der Einsatz digitaler Assistenzsysteme in der Notaufnahme vorgeschlagen. Fragestellung Die vorliegende Studie hatte zum Ziel, die Eignung des digitalen Assistenzsystems SmED (Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland) für...

The current study aims to identify particular ways through which social actors are represented by Pakistani media such as MCB (Muslim Commercial Bank) Ladies Account (2017). This study is only limited to two Pakistani advertisements as a sample of study. The research design is qualitative content analysis. The study seeks to examine the propagation...

Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is very critical in helping different organizations achieve environmental sustainability. This is a novel concept in relatively many organizations and especially those in the developing countries. Although more effort is required to help organizations in the implementation of the green policy, some of these or...

Auto-bidding is essential in facilitating online advertising by automatically placing bids on behalf of advertisers. Generative auto-bidding, which generates bids based on an adjustable condition using models like transformers and diffusers, has recently emerged as a new trend due to its potential to learn optimal strategies directly from data and...

Adnexal masses are frequently encountered in general practice. Whether employing CT, US, or MRI, imaging plays a pivotal role in guiding appropriate treatment for patients with adnexal masses, potentially minimizing the need for surgery in benign cases and expediting the management of those with suspected malignancy. Accurately distinguishing benig...

Background: Chest X-ray Radiography (CXR) is the primary investigation for patients with potential symptoms of lung cancer in the UK. Artificial intelligence (AI) can detect abnormalities on CXR and prioritise cases for reporting. We describe a method to determine which AI findings are associated with lung cancer to inform and validate prioritisati...

Objectives Clinical data on the performance of double-crown-retained removable dental prostheses (dcRDPs), especially beyond university studies, are rare. The objective of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival and complication-freeness probabilities of dcRDPs and to identify risk factors for failure and complications in a d...

Teaching practice plays an important role in preparing future teachers. More and more countries pay attention to teaching practice in teacher education and take measures to improve the system of teaching practice. This paper examines the characteristics of teaching practice through the perspective of comparative analysis, comparing the situations i...

Objective The prognosis of older adults is strongly influenced by the relation of multifactorial geriatric syndromes (GS) and their health-maintaining counterparts, geriatric resources (GR). The present analysis aimed to identify clusters of comorbidities, GS and GR, and to measure their multidimensional prognostic signature in older patients admit...

It is widely accepted that the higher the number of medications prescribed and taken by an individual, the higher the risk of poor health outcomes. We have investigated whether polypharmacy and comorbidities conveyed more risk of adverse health outcomes following COVID-19 infection (as a paradigm of serious viral infections in general) in people wi...

Background Ireland is experiencing a general practitioner (GP) workforce crisis, facing an ageing workforce, a growing population with increased life expectancy, and increased complexity of patients. The GP crisis threatens access to primary care in Ireland, as well as Ireland’s aim to transform into a primary-care centred system of universal healt...

Background: Despite somewhat limited evidence, non-pharmacological, self-management interventions are often recommended for general practice patients with persistent pain. StudyU is an open-source digital platform designed to help patients undertake self-experiments, using a single case experimental design, to test whether these interventions are p...

Objective To assess the effectiveness of a potent topical corticosteroid (TCS) as an initial treatment in primary care for children with moderate flare-ups of atopic dermatitis (AD), compared to starting on a mild TCS. Design An observational prospective cohort study with an embedded pragmatic multicentre open-label randomised controlled trial. S...

Objectives To describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hypertension diagnosis and management in UK primary care. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting Over 2000 general practices across the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Participants A cohort of 23 076 390 patients over 18 years of age and registered w...

This study examines the role of leadership in the strategic repositioning of private higher education institutions in Fortaleza in the post-pandemic context. The research highlights the critical challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which demanded rapid adaptation and innovative strategies. Leadership is identified as a pivotal element in fost...

Background Social prescribing link workers support patients to connect with community resources to improve their health and well-being. These roles are prominent in policy, but there is limited evidence on what support is provided by link workers and what factors influence implementation of link worker interventions. Methods A convergent, mixed me...

Background We aimed to identify and characterise the longitudinal patterns of multimorbidity associated with stroke. Methods We used an unsupervised patient-oriented clustering approach to analyse primary care electronic health records (EHR) of 30 common long-term conditions (LTC) in patients with stroke aged over 18, registered in 41 general prac...

Background The purpose of this interview study was to explore patients’ and general practitioners’ (GPs’) experiences of space, time, and presence in video consultation in general practice in Denmark. Methods The study included six GPs and seven patients from the Copenhagen area, with different experience of video consultations. The data consisted...

Background Hypertension is a key risk factor for death and disability, and blood pressure reduction is associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular risk. Large trials have shown that interventions including self-monitoring of blood pressure can reduce blood pressure but real-world data from wider implementation are lacking. Aim The sel...

Background and Aims Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is responsible for a significant global health burden. Despite this burden, the prevalence and mortality of MASLD‐related cirrhosis remain inadequately defined, hindering effective public health strategies. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence and mor...

This paper explores the integration of uncertainty frameworks such as Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic sets into Large Language Models (LLMs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). We propose novel models, including Large Uncertain Language Models and Natural Uncertain Language Processing, to enhance linguistic representations and processing ca...

This paper presents a theoretical framework to enhance the prediction of dynamic responses in complex mechanical systems, such as vehicle structures, by incorporating both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Traditional receptance coupling methods often neglect rotational effects, leading to significant inaccuracies at higher frequenci...

(1) Background: Medical graduates who have undertaken longitudinal rural training have consistently been found to be more likely to become rural doctors and work in primary care settings. A limitation of such findings is the heterogeneous nature of rural medical education and contested views of what constitutes ‘rurality’, especially as it is often...

Introduction Multimorbidity challenges quality and sustainability of healthcare systems. Care groups were introduced in the Netherlands to promote integration of chronic primary care, but it remains unknown to which degree they facilitate this. This study therefore aims to determine whether Dutch general practices perceive themselves to be capable...

Background The outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a public health emergency that is not only associated with mortality, but also disproportionally linked to an increased burden of mental disorders in the communities. The disease is associated with social exclusion, physical morbidity, high mortality, and mental health disorders such as depres...