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Publications related to Games (10,000)
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Article
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Teacher gaming experience affects attitudes toward digital games and consequent instructional behaviors, yet the influences of gamer identity from the perspective of teacher-student relationships have received limited research attention. We recruited 683 junior high and elementary school teachers working in Miaoli County, Taiwan to investigate the...
Book
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Book on mean-field-type games (to be published by Springer 2025)
Book
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I am thrilled to announce the forthcoming publication of my book with UVK Verlag and UTB: Game Studies and Ludology: Theory and Practice (600 pages – not 200!!!), scheduled for release in April 2025. This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to both the theoretical and practical dimensions of Game Studies and Ludology—the scholarly explo...
Article
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This study aims to examine the tactical behavior, decision-making, and technical skills of young novice basketball players in small-sided games (SSGs) with different numerical configurations and court sizes. Participants were 16 novice male players aged between 11 and 15 years with no competitive experience. A total of 13 games were played, compris...
Article
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Learning in all humanities content branch such as Islamic sciences is declared to be boring, tiring and very dry plain content because the educational level of learners becomes low and worrying. This statement is justified by the result of our statistical study which reveals that learning of Islamic content is not attractive and needs to be revolut...
Article
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Introduction: Small sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are two different training method used to improve performance of soccer players. Aim: To compare the effects of an 8-week training intervention using SSG combined with running-based HIIT (SSG+HIIT) versus running-based HIIT alone (HIIT) on the physical f...
Article
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How to effectively and fully utilize public space to meet the needs of multiple parties has become an important point that cannot be ignored in the current environmental art design. This paper explores the coordination mechanism of multi-party relationships in environmental art design using a game theory perspective as its starting point. This pape...
Article
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The design of the in-game economic system is key to ensuring the balance and sustainability of the game. In this paper, each virtual currency element in the designed economic system is introduced in detail, and based on the PIPE network, the economic system model within the game is designed. A multi-faceted recognition assessment research of this p...
Article
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This study presents case studies using two wave function collapse (WFC) methods, graph-based WFC and simple tiled WFC, to create playable levels for two logic puzzle games: Strimko (Latin Squares) and Flow (connecting dots with pipes). We then evaluate the quality of the generated levels through extensive experiments. Our results indicate that WFC-...
Article
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Di era digital, penyebaran berita hoaks semakin merajalela dan dapat berdampak serius pada masyarakat. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana game literasi digital dapat menjadi solusi inovatif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat, terutama mahasiswa, dalam mengenali dan menganalisis berita palsu. Dengan pendekatan yang interaktif, game ini membantu pem...
Article
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The serve toss is crucial for executing a successful and effective serve in tennis. The aim is to determine the relationship between the toss and the success of the flat serve between the female recreational and competitive tennis players. We observed 2 recreational and 8 competitive female tennis players who served 40 flat serves. They were videot...
Article
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The sport of futsal is a game played by two teams, each consisting of five players. The game emphasizes cooperation between players and combines elements of football and basketball. Futsal is popular among students, including at SMP Negeri 2 Tawangmangu, which provides extracurricular futsal as a forum for student talent development. Despite the hi...
Article
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the impact of Rondo possession games, played in different field geometries with complex rules, on the development of problem-solving skills and creative thinking abilities in U-13 youth soccer players. In a repeated-measures and a randomized controlled trial study design, twenty-four competitive young male U-13 soccer playe...
Presentation
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Con el valor añadido que da la perspectiva, se procura describir cómo el juego se imbrica en la enseñanza del español a menores marroquíes oyentes y sordos. Dos instituciones aportan el contexto: el Instituto Cervantes situados en Rabat y en Casablanca (niños oyentes), y el Centro Effetah situado en Tánger (niños sordos). Uno de los objetivos es di...
Chapter
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In this chapter, I make a case for conceptualizing contract farming arrangements as institutions and for analyzing these contract farming systems within the Comparative Institutional Analysis (CIA) framework as proposed by Aoki (2001), characterizing contract farming as frictional equilibria. While the core of this proposed theoretical framework of...
Article
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This is an article on the social and economic impact of court decisions, that is, the effect and impact of the legal system on the social and economic condition of a system or jurisdiction. The paper elaborates the relationship between law and economics in terms of the economic analysis of law. It aslo considered how certain economic theories pose...
Book
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Buku ajar ini disusun sebagai panduan komprehensif bagi mahasiswa, guru, dan praktisi pendidikan jasmani dalam memahami dan mengimplementasikan pembelajaran yang efektif, inovatif, dan relevan dengan kebutuhan di era modern. Buku ini mencakup berbagai aspek penting dalam pendidikan jasmani, mulai dari landasan teoritis, pengembangan kurikulum, stra...
Article
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This study analyses the relationship between pre-appraisal and post-appraisal performance of an organization. A sample of 200 employees was considered and it was found that there was a significant relationship between performance before appraisal and performance after appraisal implying that appraisals in the organization are efficient. This study...
Article
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Perkembangan teknologi dan media sosial yang pesat telah mempercepat penyebaran informasi, termasuk di dalamnya berita hoaks. Berita hoaks merupakan informasi yang tidak benar atau menyesatkan, yang disebarluaskan dengan tujuan mempengaruhi opini publik, menciptakan kepanikan, atau merusak reputasi individu maupun institusi. Fenomena ini memiliki d...
Article
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Multiple sequential observers, each independently obtaining preparation contextual outcome statistics through measurements on an ensemble, share the preparation contextuality (PC) enabled by the ensemble. We present a circuit model for high-dimensional weak measurements to explore PC sharing in high-dimensional systems using weak measurements with...
Presentation
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La presente ponencia tiene como objetivo ofrecer una definición del concepto juego basado en experiencias lúdicas durante la primera infancia. Se justicia por la relevancia de esta variable de aprendizaje durante la comunicación. Entre los antecedentes se destacan las aportaciones de las tesis doctorales sobre el juego en el aprendizaje de idiomas...
Presentation
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La presente ponencia nace de la confluencia de dos entidades en su función social y educativa. Por un lado, la Fundación Acción Desarrollo Sostenibilidad (Fundación ADS) ofrece en red un recurso didáctico para la divulgación de su labor en Etiopía (https://kokebe.adsong.org/); por otro, parte del equipo de expertos y voluntariado lector del Centro...
Preprint
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This paper proposes an analytical framework for the orbital Target-Attacker-Defender game with a non-maneuvering target along elliptic orbits. Focusing on the linear quadratic game, we derive an analytical solution to the matrix Riccati equation, which yields analytical Nash-equilibrium strategies for all players. Based on the analytical strategies...
Article
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We study cooperative games in which the set of feasible coalitions is determined by the winning coalitions of a simple game. This type of game models real-life situations where certain agents have production capacities, while others possess the legal authority required to produce. In this paper, we characterize the Myerson value for this class of g...
Poster
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This study examines climate-related financial risk issues, and introduces methods for estimating carbon beta and carbon Shap-ley values. The carbon beta measures how stock returns respond to a portfolio called Brown Minus Green (BMG), that holds a long position in less climate-friendly (brown) stocks and a short position in climate-friendly (green)...
Article
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In ‘Scorekeeping in a Language Game’, David Lewis famously compares conversations to playing baseball. Just like baseball, conversations have a score which, together with rules for correct play, determines which utterances are acceptable or even true in the course of a conversation. For all similarities, however, there is a crucial difference betwe...
Article
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This paper investigates sectoral prevalence and patterns of accrual-based earnings management in public companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. This research introduces a novel perspective by analysing differences in discretionary accruals proxies among industries , with particular emphasis on statistical variation of the earnings management...
Article
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Recent archaeological discoveries, as well as new readings of the epic, suggest that the poet of the Iliad was well aware of hero cult. The funeral of Patroklos in Iliad 23 has long been recognized as also representing the funeral of Achilles. But moving away from Neoanalysis and Neo-neoanalysis, I argue that the rituals Achilles performs on behalf...
Preprint
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Compression is at the heart of intelligence. A theoretically optimal way to compress any sequence of data is to find the shortest program that outputs that sequence and then halts. However, such 'Kolmogorov compression' is uncomputable, and code generating LLMs struggle to approximate this theoretical ideal, as it requires reasoning, planning and s...
Chapter
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How does institutional change take place? This question poses a number of challenges for scholars working in the New Institutional tradition. We first discuss how institutions have been conceptualized as either “rules of the game” or as “equilibria.” The rules of the game perspective suggests that institutions perform useful functions and change wh...
Article
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La ludopatía, conocida mundialmente como un problema o adicción la cual puede llevar a la persona que la sufre a otros problemas. Este estudio analizó cómo la percepción de las dimensiones emocionales puede verse alterada por la ludopatía y explora las motivaciones que impulsan a las personas a apostar, así como su nivel de conciencia sobre los rie...
Preprint
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Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities across numerous domains, yet they often struggle with complex reasoning and decision-making tasks. Decision-making games, which inherently require multifaceted reasoning logic, serve as ideal sandboxes for evaluating and enhancing the reasoning abilities of LLMs. In this work, we f...
Article
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This paper considers a class of stochastic nonzero-sum discrete-time dynamic games with networked players where each player has its own state dynamics which has the states of other players also entering with, however, some time delay. This delayed coupling makes this a nonstandard class of games where the existing theory does not apply, particularl...
Article
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Quantum game theory has emerged as a promising candidate to further the understanding of quantum correlations. Motivated by this, it is demonstrated that pure strategy Nash equilibria can be utilized as a mechanism to witness and determine quantum correlation. By combining quantum theory with Bayesian game theory, a constant-sum game is designed in...
Preprint
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This paper investigates effective strategies for dealing with workplace bullying perpetrated by a narcissistic boss. Adopting a game-theoretic framework, we propose a three-stage sequential game with a simultaneous form game, incorporating a war of attrition in the final stage. Our findings demonstrate that victims of bullying should consistently c...
Preprint
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Este projeto teve como objetivo sensibilizar os estudantes do programa de Educação para Jovens e Adultos (EJA) sobre os 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) na escola Centro Educa Mais Paulo VI. Para uma maior didática acerca do tema, foi adotado uma abordagem lúdica e palestras informativas. Para fixação e melhor aprendizado de todos...
Article
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Neste artigo, discutimos sobre a relevância do campo e do futebol na organização socioespacial das comunidades tradicionais da Amazônia, tendo como recorte espacial as comunidades localizadas ao longo dos rios Negro e Solimões, assim como em seus afluentes. A metodologia consistiu em trabalhos de campo com a aplicação de questionários em 119 comuni...
Article
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スポーツ観戦行動を説明する概念モデル 要約:本研究の目的は,スポーツ観戦者の消費行動,特に観戦行動を総合的と立体的に説明できる概念的理 論モデルを提案することであった。関連する文献 のレビューの結果,本研究では,5つのカテゴリー(人口 統計学的変数と感情的変数,スポーツゲームの魅力変数,物理的環境とコスト変数,プロモーションと同伴 者変数,地域・文化的環境変数)から構成される概念モデルを提示した。また,提示した概念モデルと関連 文献のレビュー結果を照らし合わせ,その内的・外的妥当性を確かめた。さらに,提案した概念モデルを用 いて,マーケティング・プロモーション戦略を検討することで,モデルの外的妥当性を再確認した。研究の 結果,本研究で提示した概念モデルは,スポーツ観戦者の観戦行動を立体的に...
Conference Paper
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Board game offers a unique platform for exploring the capabilities of artificial intelligence in decision-making. It demands long-term strategic planning and opponent behaviors to refine decision-making. Since the success of AlphaGo family, learning agents have become pivotal methods for board game. However, current learning agents rarely incorpora...
Chapter
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Distintas estrategias han sido utilizadas para sensibilizar a la población so bre temas ambientales, sin embargo, pocas veces se evalúa su efectividad. En este estudio se escogieron dos mamíferos, endémicos y amenazados, el mono (S. apella margaritae) y el venado (O. margaritae) de Margarita, para identificar cambios en el conocimiento sobre est...
Article
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Game artificial intelligence (AI) often relies on static behaviors, limiting adaptability and engagement. Zedge is a custom-built 2D game that integrates reinforcement learning (RL) to create dynamically learning AI opponents. Using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for combat scenarios and Q-learning (Q-table) for strategic decision-making, Zedge...
Article
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La relación cuerpo-juego-educación es de alta complejidad conceptual e ideológica. Si bien las perspectivas psicológicas parecen haber dominado este campo discursivo, las discusiones están planteadas en el conjunto de las ciencias humanas y, en algún punto, también en las ciencias biológicas. La pregunta por el lugar del juego dentro de los límites...
Article
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This paper studies the replicator dynamics and the best-response dynamics of a signaling game with type-specific preferences over signals—a generalization of the beer-quiche game (Cho and Kreps in Q J Econ 102(2):179–221, 1987). When the prior probability of the high type is below the critical value at which player 2 is indifferent between acceptin...
Book
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Didunia Modern Sekarang Ini Dengan Adanya Jaringan Kita Dapat Berkomunikasi Secara Instan Tanpa Ada Jarak Ruang Dan Waktu. Kita Dapat Saling Terhubung Dari Mulai Cara Berkomunikasi Sampai Bermain Game Dengan Teman Yang Berbeda Negara. Di era modern kehidupan sekarang ini, jaringan komputer memegang peranan penting disetiap kegiatan manusia. Kemajua...
Article
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Introducción: El juego es fundamental para fomentar un ambiente inclusivo y desarrollar habilidades cognitivas, sociales y emocionales. Este estudio se centra en analizar los beneficios del juego como estrategia para la inclusión educativa en la Escuela de Educación Básica #00774 durante el periodo 2023-2024. Metodología: La investigación adoptó un...
Article
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Cet article traite de l’appropriation d’un jeu éducatif dont les utilisateurs sont différents des concepteurs. Nous évaluons l’usage et l’appropriation que les enseignants de l’enseignement professionnel agricole ont d’un jeu éducatif à partir de l’exemple de MYMYX, « Mimic mycorrhizal networks ». En mobilisant deux approches théoriques, la genèse...
Article
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We investigate the transient and steady-state dynamics of the Bennati-Dragulescu-Yakovenko money game in the presence of probabilistic cheaters, who can misrepresent their financial status by claiming to have no money. We derive the steady-state wealth distribution per player analytically, and we show how the presence of hidden cheaters can be infe...
Article
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Este artículo analiza diversas estrategias de educación emocional que transforman la enseñanza en una experiencia integral, fomentando la empatía, la autoconciencia y la gestión emocional. Para profundizar en su implementación en las aulas de la primera infancia, se llevó a cabo una investigación sistemática basada en la metodología PRISMA, con el...
Article
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O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um minigame digital para promover alimentação adequada, saudável e sustentável entre adolescentes. O jogo educativo foi planejado e desenvolvido nas versões móvel (Android) e desktop (website) por uma equipe de especialistas, baseando-se no Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Utilizou-se a plataforma...
Article
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El objetivo principal de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre las actividades lúdicas y el fortalecimiento del respeto como valor primordial en estudiantes del nivel primario de una institución educativa primaria de la región Loreto en el Perú, en respuesta a la interrogante de investigación se presenta la pregunta de la problemática q...
Article
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Resumo Após três anos de discussões, a repactuação dos acordos firmados no “Caso Samarco” para a reparação da bacia do rio Doce foi assinada em outubro de 2024. Mas pouco se sabe sobre o que pensam as coletividades atingidas pelo rompimento da barragem de Fundão, como vivem, em cada região afetada, o que elaboram das suas perdas locais e o que dema...
Article
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Hoaks atau berita palsu telah menjadi tantangan besar dalam era digital, terutama dalam konteks politik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lima berita hoaks yang telah terbukti tidak benar serta mengidentifikasi aspek pemalsuan yang terjadi dalam setiap kasus. Berita yang dianalisis mencakup berbagai isu politik, seperti klai...
Article
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Em Casa Grande e Senzala (1933), uma das obras fundadoras da análise sobre as relações coloniais e escravistas no Brasil, Gilberto Freyre relata um ditado popular no qual ele afirma que além das convenções sociais sobre a superioridade da mulher branca e a inferioridade da mulher negra, a preferência sexual dos homens pelas mulatas é indiscutível....
Article
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Évaluer des jeux et leur impact est devenu canonique. Évaluer avec un jeu l’est moins. Cet article introduit et compare trois approches de l’évaluation avec et sur des jeux utilisés dans des processus participatifs : 1/ l’évaluation du jeu lui-même par des moyens externes ; 2/ les jeux dits « endo-évaluatifs » qui ajoutent à leur finalité ludique o...
Article
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Cooperation is essential for human societies, but not all individuals cooperate to the same degree. This is typically attributed to individual motives - for example, to be prosocial or to avoid risks. Here, we investigate whether cooperative behavior can, in addition, reflect what people pay attention to and whether cooperation may therefore be inf...
Preprint
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Games have played a pivotal role in advancing artificial intelligence, with AI agents using sophisticated techniques to compete. Despite the success of neural network based game AIs, their performance often requires significant computational resources. In this paper, we present Rapfi, an efficient Gomoku agent that outperforms CNN-based agents in l...
Article
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L’interdisciplinarité ne se décrète pas a priori mais se construit progressivement, dans des interactions entre savoirs disciplinaires, pratiques interdisciplinaires et retours réflexifs. Mais comment apprendre l’interdisciplinarité ? Nous présentons dans cet article un processus d’évaluation réflexive expérimenté autour du codéveloppement d’un jeu...
Preprint
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We show that Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL) has the Craig Interpolation Property. This question has been open for many years. Three proof attempts were published, but later criticized in the literature or retracted. Our proof is based on the main ideas from Borzechowski (1988). We define a cyclic tableau system for PDL with a loading mechanism t...
Article
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Cet article propose une méthode d’évaluation chemin faisant d’une démarche mobilisant des jeux sérieux pour accompagner des agriculteurs. Cette démarche a été proposée à un groupe d’éleveurs de la filière AOP Fourme de Montbrison pour adapter leurs pratiques fourragères face au changement climatique. Quatre jeux ont été combinés à différentes échel...
Article
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La Educación Física en el contexto escolar se erige como una asignatura fundamental para promover el desarrollo integral del alumnado en las dimensiones física, emocional, social y cognitiva, así como para fomentar la adopción de estilos de vida saludables. En este marco, los modelos pedagógicos constituyen una herramienta metodológica clave para i...
Preprint
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We initiate the study of simple games from the point of view of combinatorial topology. The starting premise is that the losing coalitions of a simple game can be identified with a simplicial complex. Various topological constructions and results from the theory of simplicial complexes then carry over to the setting of simple games. Examples are co...
Article
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This paper identifies a class of state-redundant games whose open-loop solution is a degenerate feedback one. The structure of the game features an instantaneous payoff which is at least cubic, and state equations linear in states and controls. The model can be used to illustrate games in the field of industrial organization and management, involvi...
Preprint
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Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) algorithms are widely used to compute a Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information extensive-form games (IIGs). Among them, Predictive CFR$^+$ (PCFR$^+$) is particularly powerful, achieving an exceptionally fast empirical convergence rate via the prediction in many games. However, the...
Article
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Gamification in secondary economic education mainly aims to produce a more engaging learning environment. In the paper, we argue that the effect of the game elements used with students during lessons should reflect their value orientation. If we want to increase the efficacy of games used in secondary schools, we should choose the educational objec...
Article
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Silahkan kerjakan soal Nomor 61. MENGASAH KETERAMPILAN MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PENCARI dari buku: Belajar Seru Games Literasi Digital (Sulianta, 2025). Berikut kutipan soal: 61. MENGASAH KETERAMPILAN MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PENCARI Berikut beberapa soal yang dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam mengasah keterampilan menggunakan mesin pencari untuk mendapatkan inform...
Preprint
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In dynamic games with shared constraints, Generalized Nash Equilibria (GNE) are often computed using the normalized solution concept, which assumes identical Lagrange multipliers for shared constraints across all players. While widely used, this approach excludes other potentially valuable GNE. This paper addresses the limitations of normalized sol...
Article
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Constantemente tem se buscado formas de inovar no ensino visando interatividade e engajamento dos estudantes, por exemplo, com utilização de diferentes tecnologias ou metodologias. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a aplicação do jogo digital Quiz Glacial combinado com elementos de gamificação como estratégia pedagógica no ensino super...
Article
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Student performance, disciplinary innovation and teaching methodology occupy the main concerns of educational research. Therefore, there is a greater interest in gamification strategies, where digital tools facilitate the development of competitive activities and strengthening of learning. One example of this idea is the use of video games created...
Article
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Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi ve oyun derslerinde karşılaştıkları problemleri incelemektir. Çalışmaya, 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Mardin Artuklu’da bulunan Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı bağlı 39 ilköğretim okulunda çalışan 141’i kadın 121’i erkek olan toplam 262 sınıf öğretmeni dahil edilmiştir. Öğretmenlere, iki b...
Article
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Silahkan kerjakan soal Nomor 61. MENGASAH KETERAMPILAN MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PENCARI dari buku: Belajar Seru Games Literasi Digital (Sulianta, 2025). Berikut kutipan soal: 61. MENGASAH KETERAMPILAN MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PENCARI Berikut beberapa soal yang dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam mengasah keterampilan menggunakan mesin pencari untuk mendapatkan inform...
Article
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Kecerdasan emosional penting untuk hubungan dan memengaruhi perilaku dalam interaksi sehari-hari. Namun, kecanduan game online dapat merusak kecerdasan emosional. Fenomena kecanduan game online ini dapat berdampak negatif terutama pada kecerdasan emosional remaja, karena mereka berada pada fase perkembangan yang rentan terhadap perubahan emosional...
Article
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This paper considers a setting in which upstream oligopolists delegate the retailing of their differentiated products to a set of undifferentiated retailing agents. The downstream market structure is assumed to consist of a set of independent agents that exclusively sell the product of a single manufacturer and a common agent that sells the product...
Preprint
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We present heuristically optimal strategies expressed by deep learning agents playing a simple avoidance game. We analyse the learning and behaviour of two agents within a symmetrical grid world that must cross paths to reach a target destination without crashing into each other or straying off of the grid world in the wrong direction. The agent po...
Article
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With the ubiquity of social networks, rumors spread easily, leading to increasing attention on their dissemination. In this context, the spread of rumors is influenced not only by the content of the information itself but also by the behavior of various actors over social networks. To model such a process, we propose a novel rumor propagation inter...
Article
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Di era digital, keterampilan dalam menggunakan mesin pencari sangat penting untuk mengakses informasi yang akurat dan relevan. Artikel ini membahas metode optimal dalam pemanfaatan mesin pencari dengan menggunakan teknik pencarian lanjutan, termasuk penggunaan operator pencarian, filter waktu, serta evaluasi kredibilitas sumber informasi. Selain it...
Preprint
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A predominated graph is a pair $(G,D)$, where $G$ is a graph and the vertices in $D\subseteq V(G)$ are considered already dominated. Maker-Breaker domination game critical (MBD critical) predominated graphs are introduced as the predominated graphs $(G,D)$ on which Staller wins the game, but Dominator wins on $(G, D \cup \{v\})$ for every vertex $v...
Article
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This paper presents the evolution of basketball at the Bucharest University of Economic Studies, from its early beginnings to the present day. The paper provides an analysis of the history of basketball within the university, highlighting key moments, important personalities, and events that have contributed to the development of this sport within...
Article
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ABSTRAK Dalam era digital, kemampuan menggunakan mesin pencari secara efektif menjadi sangat penting untuk mengakses informasi yang akurat dan relevan. Artikel ini memperkenalkan konsep "Game Literasi Digital" sebagai cara inovatif untuk mengasah keterampilan menggunakan mesin pencari. Mesin pencari seperti Google, Bing, dan Yahoo dapat membantu pe...
Article
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A pesquisa relativa as perceções dos diretores sobre a autonomia das Escolas Secundárias em Angola, reflete uma perspetiva elementar de administração, sua finalidade inscreve a realização de atividades que a torne mais contextualizada e responda às expetativas sociais. Justifica-se pelas alterações observadas nos quadros jurídico e normativo mais r...
Preprint
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Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a challenging and active field of research due to the inherent nonstationary property and coupling between agents. A popular approach to modeling the multi-agent interactions underlying the multi-agent RL problem is the Markov Game. There is a special type of Markov Game, termed Markov Potential Game, which all...