Science topics: Game TheoryGame Theory and Decision Theory
Science topic
Game Theory and Decision Theory - Science topic
Game Theory and Decision Theory is a game theory, decision theory, probability.
Questions related to Game Theory and Decision Theory
What are examples of applications of game theory supported by generative artificial intelligence technology and Big Data Analytics to improve risk management systems?
One of the earliest applications of game theory to terrorist risk management was implemented half a century ago at the Los Angeles airport. A limited number of hired security guards with dogs to target areas (suspicious passengers) and at times when the risk level is significantly elevated. The number of crimes has dropped in a big way. In Poland, the Ideas NCBiR research team is currently working on developing an AI-based system for SOK, i.e., the Railway Protection Service to improve the work of SOK employees and improve risk management processes. Patrols of SOK, i.e. Railway Protection Service control railroad traction preventing theft of railroad traction and counteracting acts of vandalism consisting of graffiti painting by mischievous youths, etc. must on the one hand move around the railroad area in a random manner, but on the other hand SOK employees having this system should appear in places and times where there will be a much higher level of risk of committing a specific crime. This should significantly increase the level of detected cases of attempted crime, i.e. “in the act of committing a crime”, and effectively prevent a significant proportion of cases of crime that could happen without the use of this system. The system created in this function is intended to support the man and not replace him. It suggests solutions, paths to navigate the area of the turn, the user can use these hints, reject them or ask for others. Besides, the system is supposed to learn from the experience of users - humans. There are more and more applications of this kind in improving risk management systems.
I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT
And the applications of Big Data technologies in sentiment analysis, business analytics and risk management were described in my co-authored article:
APPLICATION OF DATA BASE SYSTEMS BIG DATA AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE IN INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION
I invite you to get acquainted with the issues described in the above-mentioned publications, as well as to scientific cooperation in these issues.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are examples of applications of game theory supported by generative artificial intelligence technology and Big Data Analytics to improve risk management systems?
And what is your opinion on this subject?
What do you think about this topic?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text, I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
According to the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, the minimum data length for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is 5 minutes. This is because HRV is considered to be a relatively slow process, and a 5-minute recording is long enough to capture enough data to perform meaningful analysis. Whereas socioeconomic games like ultimatum games the trial lengths are in seconds and people have analysed HRV on as low as 6 seconds of data (https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44471). I would like to know what experts have to say.
Based on the literature review we get idea of moderators. But what we if want to introduce a new moderator in the literature.
1) What are the criteria for new moderator ?
2) How to theoretically support moderating variable ?
3) Is is necessary to adopt new moderating variable from same theory ?
Game theory is a very promising technique to achieve optimal outcomes and can be applied to almost all concepts. I am trying to explore game theory for future purposes. However, as a beginner, I couldn't get very good resources regarding game theory.
Please share your resources (i.e., video or blog tutorial, research paper) regarding game theory, which covers the following things.
1. How to apply game theory?
2. How to prove optimal gain after applying game theory, (e.g., proving Nash equilibrium).
3. What are the state-of-the-art game theory techniques?
Thanks in advance.
what procedure and data should I use ?
how to structure the empirical study ?
Hello,
Can anyone share an article specifically on telehealth theory development and/or applications? Thank you!
Best,
Brooke
Dear colleagues, friends, and professors,
As we know, we have very strong analytical approaches to control theory. Any dynamic decision-making process that its variables change in time could be characterized by state-space and/or state-action representations. However, we see very few control viewpoints for solving electricity market problems. I would like to invite you to share your thoughts about the opportunities, and limitations of such a viewpoint.
Thank you and kind regards,
Reza.
I am currently doing my MBA dissertation on Coopetition within the Public sector.
Appreciate your expertise and opinion on how can Coopetition in the Public sector be successful and what are the main strategies to help it succeed (game theory, design thinking, innovation...etc). Coopetition is hands on in the Private sector and have been successful for years but not fully within the Public sector.
How can coopetition help governments be more Customer-centric?
is there a logical approach for an answer to the non-conformance of Pareto optimal to Nash equilibrium ?
in-game theory context answer is: because of double-cross in Nash equilibrium which that not in Pareto optimal .
but can we find a logical language to Answering this question? for example with preferece modality, hybrid logic , epistemic logic,etc...?
Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interaction between rational decision-makers.[1] It has applications in all fields of social science, as well as in logic and computer science. Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants. Today, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers.
Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by the 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, co-written with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty.
Game theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. It was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. As of 2014, with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences going to game theorist Jean Tirole, eleven game theorists have won the economics Nobel Prize. John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.
Intellectually and psychologically, it is important to motivate architectural students in design studio. I propose to use ‘’Game theory’’ as a mechanism for practicing the formation of architectural composition. If you agree, how?
In addition to this, I want to know which one of these two is better in terms of computational complexity and with respect to the game.
Thank you.
I want to compare two populations, but we can only measure 6 participants at a time at most (the total sample is larger of course). Therefore running the task classically is difficult.
A possible solution is having participants play against an algorithm (tit-for-tat, or adaptive pavlov). However, I can't find any literature of humans vs. algorithm in the prisoner's dilemma.
Am I missing something?
Suppose we have a set of players, i.e., {p1, p2, ..., pn} and each player has three different strategies, i.e., {s1, s2, s3}. They play m number of games. In each game, each player seeks to maximize its profit by selecting a strategy with highest playoff. The profit associated with each strategy is as follows.
1) Payoff for selecting strategy s1 is zero
2) Payoff for selecting strategy s2 is a real number, which is calculated using some formula f1
3) Payoff for selecting strategy s3 is also a real number, however, it is calculated using another formula f2
I want to prove the existence of Nash equilibrium when all the players select one of the available strategies.
I have searched on web and found several documents, however, I couldn't get a clear idea to prove it mathematically.
Any help is deeply appreciated. Please let me know if I have missed any information. Thank you in advance.
@Felipe Please find attachment to see the formulas.
I want to know how to run game theory inside WSN and which tool supports that?
When analysing power relations and decision-making processes in developing countries it is evident that 'real politics' does not abide by the formal rules of the game. Rather, there is a considerable element of informality involved, meaning that formal rules are bypassed, evaded or simply disregarded. However, for outsiders, it is exceedingly difficult to come to grips with such informal processes.
I am looking for studies that manipulate not only the situational frame of social dilemma, like calling the interaction a Competition Game/Wall Street Game or Cooperation Game/Community Game, but that also compare those to a control or baseline. Most studies that I find do not do the comparison with a control. Only recent study I could find is Engel & Rand (2014).
Thanks in advance!
Max Wohlers
Engel, C., & Rand, D. G. (2014). What does “clean” really mean? The implicit framing of decontextualized experiments. Economics Letters, 122(3), 386-389.
I am writing an article on the use of Game theories to determine the outcome of a negotiated agreement. However, as I proceed, it is becoming rather apparent that The elusiveness of the determination of a negotiated outcome, as an inherent feature sorrounding negotiations, makes it unlikely that a simple schematic layout of the disputants options could infact facilitate successful outcome of negotiations, let alone predict the outcome.
Could someone kindly realign my train of thoughts.
Is there any solution for the extension of the Bellman optimality Equation for Markov decision problem while the state and action spaces both are uncountable and bounded and compact?
Hi, I need articles or research works dedicated to game theory problems with parametric payoff matrix. For instance, you can see in attached article that a parametric values were added in static Rock–Paper–Scissors game matrix. I need more researches and articles like this. Thanks
Literature in the energy internet and associated market clearance mechanism dealt with game theory based modelling with standard test grid. Is there any other technique (like GA,ANN) that could be used for the same?
I begin with some general question. Is the normative decision theory in primary form applied to real problems? I can hardly find examples of real payoff matrices among toy examples.
Back to main question. I would like to represent in a form of payoff matrix such a problem: incident commander after arriving at the fire ground has such alternatives: 1. Gathering further information; 2. Evacuating of people; 3. Extinguishing the fire.
Candidates to states of nature: fire will extinguish itself; people will evacuate thyself.
How to construct the payoff matrix for this problem. Should be the states of nature composed as a combination of the candidates' values:
State 1: won't extinguish itself, won't evacuate thyself;
State 2: will extinguish itself, won't evacuate thyself;
State 3: won't extinguish itself, will evacuate thyself;
State 4: will extinguish itself, will evacuate thyself;
Let assume that candidates are non mutually exclusive and independent.
Can anyone give me articles about roles of these contol mechanisms (internal auditor, external auditor and audit committee).
Thank you
I am looking for a theoretical economics study that can illustrate a seller's decision when he needs to select one of the two options: he can sell his product to a market with a fixed price (moderate) or a market with a random price (extremely low or high). How can he decide which market to go?
Other than explaining this using a simple risk preference approach, is there any theoretical study that explains determinants of his decision? I would be great if you can provide some suggestions.
Thanks.
I am looking for the methods like ELECTRE IV or MAXIMIN, and for papers where the problem of the criteriaincomparability is considered.
The topic of my thesis is fairness students in financial decision-making. We did an experiment where we fairness surveyed by the dictator game . I mean I need advice on what to put in the practical part . How to handle the data . What statistical methods I could use , I had found that the perception of risk ?
Let's consider a Generalized Nash Equilibrium Problem (GNEP) ,in which N players play a non-cooprative game with nondisjoint strategy sets. Under the assumption of perfect information game, we could formulate GNEP as Variational Inequalities (VI) problem in order to be able analyzing optimality and existence of the game solutions [1]. Now, I want to reformulate the GNEP under the assumption of imperfect information game as "Differential Variational Inequalities (DVI)" problem. Obviously, taking advantages of "decision dynamics" and "estimation dynamics" are required in imprefect games. How could I do this? And then, how do I solve DVI?
Also, you could find [1] from link below.
My research background is Operations Research and Social Simulation. More recently I got involved in discussing ways of linking Behavioural Economics models/ideas to Social Simulation. One method that seems to be well suited for this purpose is behavioural game theory. But there are still a few fundamental things I do not understand. Perhaps someone can help me with this.
I was wondering how the outcome of a behavioural game theory experiment helps one to solve concrete problems in the real world. What is the research process one would use? Do I start my investigation with having a concrete problem in mind and think about which game can help me to solve it or do I start my investigation with a game and then think about which concrete problem this could solve or do I just provide the results of a game and let other people find concrete applications in the real world?
Having read recently about the public goods games I was wondering if I can somehow use or link the outcome of such games to build social simulation models of shared houses. Does that make any sense?
The topic of my thesis is the perception of economic risk students. We did an experiment where we investigated the perception of risk by lottery games . I mean I need advice on what to put in the practical part . How to handle the data . What statistical methods I could use , I had found that the perception of risk ?
In the studying of algorithmic game theory I have faced with the proposition ‘A nondegenerate bimatrix game has an odd number of Nash equilibria ’ .
Could anyone introduce me some references for illustrative proof?
I want to study the Evolutionary Game Dynamics and its applications on Economics topic?
It is kind of common knowledge in behavioral economics that there is such a thing as the "immediacy effect", i.e. subjects value rewards significantly higher, when they are obtained immediately.
But unfortunately there does not seem to be a paper, which studies this effect (apart from those concentrating on time preferences, which - if present biased - of course also produce a similar effect).
Do you know of experiments where this effect is analysed?
Thanks very much.
Michael
How to find the solution of multiple players Nash game?
Hello every one,
I use ATMS notion to describe my problem and I use label and nogood. I look for a paper which describes an algorithm that calculates these two sets (or one of them). I try to look on internet by nothing.
thanks in advance
Let us modelize a riddle:
We have a finite set of elements E and some subsets A_i.
For the riddle, an unknown element e is chosen in E and the player asks a sequence of questions " is e in A_i ?" An oracle answers yes or no. The goal is to find e.
The strategy of the player is modelized by a binary tree of questions (each node is labeled by a subset A_i with two branches (e is in A_i) or (e is not in A_i)). Notice that A_i can appear several times in the tree. Such a tree is said to be discriminatory if it allows you to find any element of e.
The problem is: build the discriminative tree of minimal height (we can consider the height as an average or the maximal one).
In fact, our goal is to have an algorithm that takes the A_i and builds the decision tree of minimal height.
This problem has probably been investigated for a long time. In which framework ? (data base, game theory, information theory?). If you know anything about this problem, please let me know because I didn't find anything on the web.
Please suggest papers apart from jensen n miller's paper on giffen behavior..
Are there any researchers who have published about the extensive form of population Game Theory and its applications?
My ant-inspired deceiver robot is supposed to decide on whether or not to leave a track and also the amount of pheromone to deposit in order to confuse the other robot seeking for him.
-apparently the players are in conflict and it is a non-cooperative game (for now of course, since deception in cooperative situation by convincing the rival do a part of your task in cooperation might be a step forward)
- on the way to extract eternal payoffs (on the basis of which, the robot under deception decides where to go), I use fuzzy inference to cover the uncertainties and have a real-world deception.
also the behavioral strategies for both of the robots are fuzzified throughout an honesty-deception axis (it means the deceiver can sometimes act honestly and also the other robot can sometimes trust what it observes)
- Finally after the decision-making happens, I have modeled it as a zero-sum game, (deception successful: +1 for deceiver and -1 for the other, and vice versa if deception is defeated ), however I'm trying to have a game with fuzzy payoffs.
- I know it is a game with incomplete information from the view of the robot under deception, maybe I can model it as a signaling game.
- I know from the deceiver's point of view, it can be modeled as a kind of resource allocation problem: he must decide on the track and pheromone on the corridors, but the resources here sound unbounded!
-I know the parameters deceiver wants to optimize are: track and pheromone and maybe where to hide, but I doubt about the optimization parameters for the other (maybe where to go to find the deceiver)
-on the basis of what, the players should decide on their behavioral strategy? (act honest/deceitful or act anti-deception/ trust ) ... maybe based on their experience (the game history: the more time you've been deceived, the less you'll trust and also the more time your deception is defeated, the more deceitfully you'll act) .... then I'll face repeated games!
I would be greatly thankful to anyone who helps me with the issue and survive me from this huge pile of vague questions.
Does any one know or point out the method or technique used for the distribution of the coalition cost among the coalition members depending upon their contributions in the coalition. In other words, if a member of the coalition contributes more in the coalition as compared to others then the share of the coalition cost would be less as compared to others?
As Venter (1983) has suggested u'(w)=0 for w<0, utility for negative values is constant. A bit different treatment could be u(x)=-u(-x). But how is to calculate risk aversion (R) for situation when wealth value is negative and the agent can be considered to be bankrupt.
Do you agree that I can take R(w)=0 when w<0 since after going broke the agent is indifferent about going even more "broke"?
In a one shot game theory, if the action set is convex, but the utility function is a non-convex function on the action set, can it have an equilibrium?
Bias, experiments and methods. What is the trend?
There are three functions of money. Yes, that is what the books are telling us. But how can something which contains only a "meaning" of something hold any kind of value? My argumenting line is as follows: value is not real, it is human made. It is more a feeling than anything else. And even if we use some kind of matter which is quite stable in its materialized form, the condition of "keeping its value" is totally outside of this stuff. There are the external conditions, the stable condition of expectations of the inhabitants, and more totally external factors until the final one that is if you want to get something in exchange for this "storage," the other part must be there when you want it (which is a condition not connected to the existence of the medium of "storage of value").
So I would say, any storage of value function is only possible as long as a lot of external conditions are stable. Therefore there is really no possible way of saying "this is a storage of value," because everything of "this" points directly to the external conditions, and not to the medium which is used like a storage of value.
I am considering the relation between a player and his agent or agents in definition of the game.
Any discussion of value is not precise as long there is no precise definition of value and how to measure it or where are the border lines of the value in focus.
One first question of value is: Is there a given absolute value scale - or is it just and only a relative relation of a given value of one part of the economy to the other parts or the total sum.
I strongly would say: It depends.
It depends of one condistion: Is there a measurable definition of "ONE PART OF ECONOMY" yes or no?
My argument is as follows:
The value of one produced part of a given economy is - in the first line - a relative value to the total sum of that given economy.
Which results in the saying that nothing inside of that economy can get a value bigger than 100% of that total value.
The second answer in the second line then is:
If you have a given MEASURABLE DEFINITION of ONE PART OF ECONOMY you end up in a situation where you can measure the economy in real terms - and by going over the total 100% rule back to the percentage of the one given product - you have a direct measurement possible for the true size of ONE PART OF ECONOMY - and therefore an indirect measure of the TRUE VALUE in absolute terms.
Does everybody follow what I mean? I mean, the quantity equation can be bound to a true measurment of real world units of each given economy - if you have a definition for what ONE PART OF ECONOMY is.
Here is the problem:
1. Alice wants to phone Bob.
2. Alice dials Bob's number and the person at the other end claims to be Bob's son Charles.
3. Bob and Charles have indistinguishable voices, so Alice cannot tell them apart on that basis.
4. Information asymmetry exists because Alice knows Bob well, but knows almost nothing about his son Charles.
5. Now it could be the person at the other end of the line is in fact Bob who is pretending to be Charles (maybe Bob doesn't want to speak with Alice and is rebuffing her).
6. The problem: Is there a question Alice can ask in order know whether the receiver is truly Bob or Charles? Is there a question that can be asked that will catch a bluff for sure? How can information asymmetry be exploited to distinguish Bob and Charles?
(Historical note: I did not think up this question. The originator was the German mathematician Ehrhard Behrends. He actually had a real situation of a strange phone call where he phoned a university colleague in his office. A person picked up the phone who claimed to be the son of the colleague, but the voice sounded exactly like the colleague. After the call was over, Ehrhard wondered if there was a question he could have asked that would make him sure if it was the son or not. There possibly is a solution to this problem, and as you will see it is a very interesting one).
As described in the papers: "Action Recognition And Prediction For Driver Assistance Systems Using Dynamic Belief Networks" and "Enrichment of Qualitative Beliefs for Reasoning under Uncertainty"
Conference Paper Action Recognition and Prediction for Driver Assistance Syst...
I'm thinking on corrupted societies: hiring an agent that communicates corruption to citizens can be seen as a signal of honesty.
I'm currently researching the dynamic moral hazard problem that arises in a multiple-agent framework - where two agents are in one team, such that production of output in each period is determined by unobservable effort by agents in teams. The principal is tasked with implementing the optimal wage schedule so as to obtain an optimal outcome. My problem is of intractable modelling, with clunky notations due to the number of players involved in the two-period game. Any thoughts on how to model this accurately would be greatly appreciated!
I studied this theorem:
Theorem
Let σ* be an ESS in a pairwise contest, then σ≠σ* and either
(1) π(σ*,σ*) > π(σ,σ*) , or
(2) π(σ*,σ*) = π(σ,σ*) and π(σ*,σ) > π(σ,σ).
Conversely, if either (1) or (2) holds for each σ≠σ* in a two-player game, then σ* is an ESS in the corresponding population game.
When might the first condition (1) be used? Mostly we use the second condition.
More context... Suppose an organisation were responsible for administering a process/system in which research proposals were received to be assessed by a group of experts. The admin organisation is criticised for a process that takes many weeks. How might the quality of decision making be kept high whilst the lead time of the process is reduced to a matter of days?
