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GIS Softwares - Science topic

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USGS provide two kind of major Data sets, which are collection 01- Level 01 and Level-02 data. In Level-02 data All the other visual bands are process to surface reflectance but why panchromatic band isn't process? My question is how to process panchromatic band to surface reflectance? Can you suggest the method for me?
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Great question... I wonder the same (looking the answer and didn´t find it) !
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Hi Dear Researchers,
Providing some background information, I am an undergraduate student, completely new with QGIS, and I am about to use it in my graduation thesis. On the other hand, I am familiar with Qt6.
The thing is that I have seen people on the internet support QGIS with Qt5, but the corresponding resource for Qt6 doesnt seem to be available at the end of 2022.
I wonder:
  • What is the benefit of supporting QGIS with Qt5? Is it worth to re-download a Qt5, since I have already got a Qt6 well-established on my PC, which really took me an effort to finish it?
  • Is it doable to support QGIS with Qt6? Have anyone tried to do so recently? I cannot find much useful on the internet.
  • What is the different between supporting QGIS with Qt/VS Studio, or using QGIS itself only?
  • Any other suggestion for a fresh hand with QGIS? I believe it is a good tool for research but I am also eager to learn more about it more as a developer, and how to create real value and innovation with it.
I'd appreciate it if anyone could offer any guidance or suggestion. Really thankful!
Best regards and hope the best for your studies,
Jinghan
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Supporting QGIS with Qt involves integrating the Qt framework into the development and maintenance of QGIS, an open-source geographic information system (GIS) software. Qt is a cross-platform application framework that provides tools for developing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and applications that can run on various platforms with minimal code changes. Here's how to support QGIS with Qt and the benefits of doing so:
  1. Integration of Qt Libraries: QGIS is built using the Qt framework, which provides a wide range of libraries and tools for developing robust and user-friendly GIS applications. By leveraging Qt's features, developers can enhance QGIS with advanced GUI elements, multimedia support, database integration, and more.
  2. Cross-Platform Compatibility: Qt allows developers to write code once and deploy it on multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems like Android and iOS. This ensures that QGIS is accessible to users across different devices and operating systems, increasing its reach and usability.
  3. Customizable User Interface: Qt provides extensive support for creating custom GUIs and widgets, allowing developers to tailor the user interface of QGIS according to specific requirements and preferences. This flexibility enables the creation of intuitive and visually appealing interfaces that enhance the user experience.
  4. Performance Optimization: Qt offers performance optimizations and hardware acceleration features that can improve the speed and responsiveness of QGIS, especially when working with large datasets or performing complex spatial analyses. This ensures that users can work efficiently with spatial data without experiencing significant slowdowns or performance issues.
  5. Community Support and Development Tools: Qt has a vibrant community of developers and contributors who actively contribute to its development and maintenance. By supporting QGIS with Qt, developers can leverage this community and access a wide range of resources, documentation, and development tools to streamline the development process and address any challenges or issues that may arise.
  6. Long-Term Maintenance and Support: Qt is backed by The Qt Company, which provides long-term support (LTS) releases and regular updates with bug fixes, security patches, and new features. By using Qt in QGIS development, organizations can ensure that their GIS software remains stable, secure, and up-to-date, reducing maintenance overhead and minimizing potential risks.
Overall, supporting QGIS with Qt offers numerous benefits, including cross-platform compatibility, customizable user interfaces, performance optimization, access to community support and development tools, and long-term maintenance and support. By leveraging the capabilities of Qt, developers can enhance the functionality, usability, and performance of QGIS, making it a powerful tool for geospatial data analysis, visualization, and decision-making.
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I have converted the raster to points in the GIS software and transferred table attributes to the Origin Pro program through an Excel file to draw a diagram. But there is a problem with it that I don't know which part it is from. Also, I encounter many errors in the Origin program, and only one graph is drawn from it. Can you please guide me regarding this problem by classifying the points? I have attached some Documents for a better understanding of the information.
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At first you have to look if Origin pro can handle such huge amount of data. Or the same for ArcGIS to Excel. How many rows of data can be exported from ArcGIS to Excel or the maximun rows of Excel.
If this is the problem (memory) you have to get a sample of your information.
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Are there any iPad pro apps for GIS mapping and analysis? Thanks
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Dear Jens Kleb Antônio Carlos Pereira dos Santos Junior Omid Vakili Ch , for precision monitoring I use an emlid reach rs2+ GNSS antenna and its app is well supported by apple so this doesn't worry me. My basic idea is to use the iPad as if it were a topographic map on which to digitize with the pen in the field or in the laboratory the various shapes obviously geo-referenced and using as a base map a topographic map in ecw format, export in shape format and load everything into my beloved QGis, but taking full advantage of the potential of the apple pencil. Is this possible? I must also admit that I am a big fan of global mapper. Regards
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Is there any good software that able to show the good results of spatiotemporal analysis of GIS outputs?
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Es útil y amigable el Q.GIS. Es facil de instalar y hay muchos casos.
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Hi,
Can I prove or model a reclamation in the past using GIS/RS? Can you provide me some discussion, readings, or techniques?
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Yes, you can via the satellite images of the same area using the 4D analysis, the time period between these images have to be equal, this can help you to predict the future effects. I hope the link below can help you a little https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072266
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I want to ground-truth value (other than the DGPS survey) for the accuracy assessment of the digital elevation model for Indian region imagery. I want to compare the generated DEM elevation value with the ground truth value.
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Ground truthing points could be collected from many sources that have higher accuracy the the DEMs such as field survey, topographic maps or even aerial photos.
Best wishes
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I bought climate data from IMD. Now I cannot open the .grd files. I want to use it in GIS. HELP! Aside from grads software, what else can I use to open the file?
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I coordinate field operations for a farm with more than 5000 acres of blueberries and cranberries, divided into a number of fields ranging from 10 - 125 acres each. I was hoping to bring in a new system of data management for better grip on money and money out of each field.
By data, I mean chemical input, equipment usage, labour charges, and yields to have a better grip over every part of farm. This will help us plan variable applications and management.
As of now, I am looking for a GIS solution/software for data management, visualisation, analysis (to support third party statistical software), and decision-making.
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QGIS
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I used the old ArcExplorer software as a lightweight viewer and mapmaker to publish migratory species distribution shapes on CD. Old Arcexplorer worked offline, but is now incompatible with modern windows versions (it does work in a Linux VM environment). I think it was the best compromise between flexible functionality and rapid learning curves, effective use could be teached in 2 hours! In contrast, the new javabased Arcexplorer is awkward and cannot digest my old arp projects. I think DIVAGIS is still in use, stable http://www.diva-gis.org/ and works offline, so I might use it for the next CD, if I do not get better suggestions.
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As much details would be highly appreciated! 
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GRASS GIS, QGIS, GMT are perhaps the most popular and widely used open source GIS.
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There is a few articles on the subject but in most cases they use some sort of actual data, and was just wondering if you could simulate flow velocity purely though GIS, and if so how?
If there are any links or videos to show how to do this that would be greatly appreciated.
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Hi Ali,
It depends on the level of resolution you need, and the assumptions you are prepared to make. Have a look at:
Schulze, K., Hunger, M. & Döll, P. Advances in Geosciences Simulating river flow velocity on global scale. Adv. Geosci. 5, 133–136 (2005).
They provide a quite straight forward approach that a number of my colleagues have used successfully for global and regional scale simulations.
Martyn
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Hello
Every one  have article  about drought with spi & gis softwave in 2017&2016?
with thanks
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Hi Dear Mahin
Do you want to use GIS for calculating SPI due to input format of files?
I mean that Are your input files in nc4 or nc format?
Regards,
Nasrin
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During preparation of manuscript for publish in any journal, we have to mentioned sampling sites on map with the help of software by using Lat. and Long. I am looking for any GIS software which can help me to prepare sampling sites on map. are there any free GIS software and how can i make this map?
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I agree thats qgis is the best option, but nevertheless one of the easiest tools to use is Google earth.
It should also be mentioned that you can create good maps using R and some libraries like Rgeo, maptools and spatial or sp, but it is much more difficult to learn and understand. Once understood it is a remarkably wonderful way of creating lots of maps in one go.
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I'm doing a master on moose populations estimations with a citizen science approch.
I want to simulate a hunter and a moose population (of known size) in the same landscape, "make them meet", and see how the abundance estimations are biaised depending of the proportion of "cheaters" (hunters who don't say the right number of moose seen).
I explored the SELES and RAMAS/GIS softwares, but I'm not sure they are appropriate tools to simulate two animal populations movements in a static landscape.
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InsightMaker would work. It is very easy to use.
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I have two test shape files (more than 50 points in each file) with slightly varied latitudes and longitudes, but same area (Bay of Bengal). Each file contains Latitude, Longitude and Data_Field as common headers.
I want to take average of the Data_field from these two files (may be nearest points of shape file1 and shape file 2) (an illustrate picture attached).
Eg.
Shape file 1    Lat1      Long1      Data1
Shape file 2    Lat1      Long1      Data1
Shape file 3    Lat1      Long1      Data1
Shape file 4    LatNIL LongNIL   DataNIL
--------------------------
Shape file x     Lat1       Lat1        Data1
--------------------------
I have read methods regarding Point Statistics and Cell Statistics in ArcGIS, but not succeed.
It doesn't matter about slight reduction of resolution, because I have high resolution data.
Two test shape files are attached here along with an illustration image of expected output.
Kindly help me to do this in ArcGIS.
Thanks a lot.
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The "right" answer depends on where your data came from and what your desired outcome is, though I will explain one method to derive values for spatially weighted means of values from your points.
Providing that your two point sets are of an equivalent sampling effort your first step, as Vasudevan Sankar suggested, is to merge the points into one unified shapefile or feature class. This method gives generally equal weight to the two data sets.
Then you may create an interpolated raster surface which estimates the data values between the point locations. To get a generally linear (i.e., first order polynomial) trend between the nearest datapoints, which I assume is the goal, the "Spline" interpolation tool should be used with a high weight (i.e., weight = 10). This will provide essentially a spatially weighted averagation of your combined data set. "Natural Neighbor" or other methods may be more appropriate if you are interested in points outside of your nearest two. Two use a defined radius for the interpolation the IDW (Inverse distance weighting) tool would work.
You can then use the "Extract Values to Points" to collect the resultant interpolated values to the precise points you want your predictions to occur at (i.e, at intervals of 30 minutes of a degree). The placement of these points may be better determined based on your original sampling methodology.
See the attached image, which shows the tension spine result between your test points. The grid overlay is arranged at 30' intervals as described.
Also, keep in mind that if your two sets of data are representative of two unique sampling conditions (e.g, collected on different dates) it may be more appropriate to create two interpolated surfaces, one for each sampling event, then average the two results (using raster calculator or the image classification window's mean mosaic operator). This will add complexity to the resultant surface, but may more meaningfully describe the combination of the data you are interested in.
I hope that this method works well for your research.
Regards,
Matthew Bolton
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Are here any existing tools available that will estimate the snow line of an area once an image is uploaded?
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I generated peaks of tree crowns as an individual pixels from DSM dataset, but there are some trees that have more than 1 peaks. I would like to integrate them based on the threshold value, for example I want to integrate 2 or 3 neighboring pixels that lay in 1 square meters and create one in the middle. I know Integrate tool can do this for vector dataset, but if I convert peaks to vector and re-convert to raster, there is a change in raster dataset which affects further analysis. My question is is there any tool in ArcGIS similar to Integrate which works for raster dataset. Or is there any tool to integrate neighboring pixels in any GIS software. Thanks in advance for any suggestions!
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First thing that comes to mind is GRASS GIS command r.neighbors
that offers a variety of way to "integrate" neighboring pixels.
See also r.mfilter
Another tip here
Hope this helps,
Luigi
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I am planning to build an agent-based ad-hoc network simulation to simulate animal tracking in the Savannah. For this I want to use AnyLogic's GIS functionality.
- Are there any limitations to the GIS functionality in the free PLE version?
- Are there any tutorial available on the GIS topic?
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The GIS functionality of your software will depends of what you want to model. According to the AnyLogic advertisement ( I haven't found any documentation ) this software can display information obtained from internet. Is not clear if the data is obtained from AnyLogic's server, Google or others. But in all cases I suspect that the functionality will be limited by the quality of GIS data. p.e. Some countries have erroneous or non updated data and in some cases without route planning support.
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I have a aerial photo which is slightly oblique. I would like to use a free program capable to rectify images; this should be a preliminary step toward georeferencing the picture.
Many months ago, I found a small but effective program that used to do the trick, but I lost it and I cannot locate it anymore.
Can anyone suggest any free tool, preferably with a Graphical User Interface and stand-alone?
Thanks
Gm
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There is a huge resource of open source GIS tools available nowadays. In GRASS GIS, you may have a look at i.ortho.photo tool at this link:
In OS-SIM, you may check OSSIMOrthos.pdf at this link:
Another open source toolkit Orfeo-toolbox (OTB) has some options for orthorectification of satellite images and aerial photos. If you QGIS, then OTB comes pre-installed with it. Neverthless, you can also use it as a stand-alone app. Please refer to the following links:
Mapknitter is also a useful tool specially for the aerial photos available at this link:
Another useful open source tool is AutoGR toolkit.
AutoGR is a set of Python scripts (converted to .exe) for advanced image processing.
Hope this helps you in your search!
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ILWIS is an open source GIS software
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Hi Vani.
Will this thesis answer your question? The document covers the monitoring and assessment of the coastal changes by using ILWIS.  DSAS is obviously an extension tool for ArcGIS, however, its outputs are useful in your ILWIS analysis.
Regards.
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From philosophical point of view, Classification point of view and GIS point of view. For example in a GIS software everything is treated as an attribute. In philosophy it is more difficult task. Please clarify 
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The difference is subtle.
Attributes are refering to additional information of an object.
Properties are describing the characteristics of an object.
Most people use these two words as synonyms.
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Hello
How and using which software can we depict  raster base maps data as a graph or as a distribution curve?
For example two C factor maps (vegetation cover map) of two different dates.
There has been attached an example.
Thanks
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Dear Saeed,
Greetings and hope you are doing well.
If I understand your question correctly, you should follow these directions:
See the next snapshots.
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I would like to learn how GIS software deal with TINs both via files and in the memory during execution. Any scientific or technical publication about GIS file formats would be helpfull. So far, the best references I have found are wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esri_TIN) and this (http://vterrain.org/Implementation/Formats/ITF.html)
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Thank you for the links, Claudio. They are usefull for my research and I didn't knew them before. But I'm still looking for something that possibly does not exists already: a description of gis (and CAD) software architecture. It would be very usefull if the community could count on open and declred standards for files like TINs. These computational aspects seem to be concentrated on the hands of software manufacturers, making very hard to implement such codes. Sometimes all one could find is reverse engineering description. Besides that, open source software is not always well documented. So, I guess publications about GIS and CAD implementation are really welcome. Saludos from Brazil!
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I am working on numerical modelling over a wide region between 20-50 Eastern longitudes and 30-50 Northern latitudes. I have lat-lon gridded bouguer anomaly and topographical data to use for my studies. Since I need to discretize the area into equal rectangles, I need to convert the data  into metric system.
Is it possible to minimize the distortions when reprojecting? I converted the grid data to utm zone 34, It gave fake coordinates out of the zone. Both data fits on each other well on gis softwares. I am curious if I missed something here. After that I will resample it as 1km gridded surface.
Another question is, I am flattening the surface which is originally curved. This is another distortion for me because modelling program will read it as a pure flat surface. Also the rectangles I created will not be perfect rectangles in reality. How can I quantify the error?
thanks in advance.
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Dear Mustafa,
As the area is rather big, the distortion have to be. The way to minimize it is to reproject by zones (each part separately) or create your own model for reprojecting which will adjust the appropriate reprojecting rule for each point depends on its location.
Anyway, for the big area the question is to find a balance between acceptable distortion and labor costs...
Hope you'll find the best solution!
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For a study, I need to use MESMA in order to also account for within class attributes, however, I found conducting this method using ENVI rather complicated and tedious. I found VIPER tools by accident and now am curious if it is more convenient to use.  
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It is a good way to look for patterns that might have been missed in any previous classification you have performed to your data.
The main problem is that you depend on having a good dataset of known spectra that have to be well calibrated with the unknown spectra...
But again, it depends on what you expect to obtain from the MESMA, For mineral recognition of unknown spectra related to soil-rock-vegetation, I am a true fan of the USGS's PRISM plug-in, although it is also a bit tedious to insert your data in the SPECPR File and create the database, but once that your database is completed, mineral/soil/vegetation mapping gives you great results.
The Link for ENVI versions previous to ENVI 5:
The ftp to links for the ENVI 5's versions:
Aditional info, look for Dr. Raymond Kokaly's email
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Can anyone recommend image-stitching and rectification software? I need to stitch ground-level images (Vis, IR and multispectral) of building facades into a "panorama" and then rectify them prior to export to ArcGIS.
Thanks
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Thank you for all the replies
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The shapefiles will be used in a doctoral research about palms that occurs in this region.
Thanks in advance.
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Hi Luiz!
I have some files, if you want I can send for your e-mail!
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I have data points within a number of polygons and I want to interpolate using the points within each polygon, ie the interpolation only using the points within each individual polygon to create an interpolation for that polygon rather than the whole surface.  Any ideas other than interpolating just using the relevant points to interpolate and then cookie cutting with the relevant polygon? Thanks in advance :)
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It would be easier to give you some help if (1) you indicate why you only want to use the data locations with in a polygon to interpolate within that polygon (2) you clarify whether you are wanting to generate interpolated values at other points in the same polygon or possibly to estimate an average value for each polygon. It is almost certain that you are going to introduce some "edge effects" that will be difficult to quantify.
What interpolation algorithm are you proposing to use? Some algorithms such as kriging depend on statistical assumptions that may not match with the polygon decomposition.
What are you going to use the interpolated values for?
Note that simple minded interpolation methods such as "natural neighbor" and Inverse distance weighting are not as reliable because they do not incorporate as much information.
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I have done some image processing which resulted me some 'n' number of bands with same resolution in tif format of same location. The number of rows and columns are slightly different in all the bands. Then I have stack all the layers and used 'extract values to point' tool in GIS but it didnt work. Then I have done it band wise it worked which took lot of time. Can any one suggest any alternative method in any other software or in GIS itself.   
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I am successful in getting the result by paulo' suggestion
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I am using 3 types of feature classes (Point,Line and Poly). Now I want to give some common field and name those features. How might I build a model using ArcMap10.1?
I am looking for your guidance. Thanks in advance.
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Dear Govindaraj 
If u mean that you have to get all these things in a single layer then u can join them. Or if you mean anything else then elaborate what you are doing, their is a model builder option available in arcgis 10.1 
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Hello, I'm trying to find any toolset which can be used to map evapotranspiration in opensource GIS software like there is MODIS toolbox embedded with arcGIS.
And except MODIS what type of indian remote sensing satellite data can be used for evapotranspiration mapping.
Thank you
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Few more related modules are in GRASS GIS 7 addons:
Addons can be installed in GUI (Settings > Addons extensions > Install extension from addons) or using g.extension module directly.
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Hello, I am studying optimization land use, and looking for a RS or GIS software that have genetic algorithm. Can anyone help me?
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Actually i want to make make landuse using Supervised classification using ground truth data.But i faced a problem,many pixel of other crops they classify in Bare land. Therefore is it possible i made threshold or model that assign Specific pixel values to definite class. 
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Thank you so much sir
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I have been reading more about ESRI ArcPad lately in ESRI publications.  I haven't heard much about its use in a research context, however.  I was curious if anyone has been using it and how.  For a long time, I have wanted to have more field-based GIS data collection that updates more automatically to other GIS software.  I thought this might be a good way to do that.  Any thoughts?
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Dear Dr. Nathan,
          ESRI ArcPad is an interesting field of research. I have attached a report where it is found useful.
Regards,
A.Kar
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It seems to me that ESRI ArcGIS has been dominant in GIS and spatial visualization and analysis applications for some time.  However, some of my students have been talking about other GIS software. I know that QGIS is pretty popular as far as free and alternative GIS software goes.  Has anyone out there used it for research or engineering that can share their experience?  What do you like and dislike about it?  How easy is it to learn?  Is there a reason to use this free software as opposed to proprietary GIS software?
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QGIS is fast developing, easy to learn, multiplatform (linux), customizable (plugins etc.) and open-source (the biggest benefit). If more complicated analysis are needed, you can run there functions from GRASS, SAGA or R. Also its more  user-friendly in many cases (for me). I am using QGIS for years and never need go for ArcGIS again.
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Wastewater engineering can rely more and more on computer software. GIS software can be used for many goals.
Have wastewater engineering and GIS been ever coupled?
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Environmental agencies  use frequently GIS  to assess the impact of the differents pollutants to the sensitive receivers. You can give a look to environmental agency websites, usually it is possible to download official reports and annual studies. If you are interested in some books about GIS and environmental impact assessment let me know. 
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Hello!
I have run RF in Rattle using my AGB data (300 sample plots) as target and 15 variable (SAVI, NDVI, RDVI, NIR etc.). So I have two basic questions;
1. How I can know which tree, rule and node should I take for the spatial biomass estimation?
2. How I can apply selected rule on my spatial variables in ARCMAP (GIS software)?
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Dr. Thomas! Thanks for your suggestions. After struggling with continuous AGB data (target) and NDVI, SAVI, LAI, Elevation etc. (Inputs). Actually I have 300 sample plots.
I found that non of the these Data Mining Models (CART, RF) are producing sufficient accuracy. So I made 6  and 4 classes (target) and now achieved 60% accuracy.  But still I am struggling to take the RF rules and apply in arcmap for spatial biomass mapping for entire area. Please do share  your code and let me see how far I can go.
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How can we to compare levels of congruence between shape files and/or grid files?
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You are looking for areas of endemism as these are areas with species with the highest co-occurrence. So there are a lot of methods, PAE, NDM, nested clade-area, etc. Among these I suggest the NDM it is the best to be a spatially explicit method. I had a paper accepted (and should be published shortly in PlosOne) in which I propose a new method for identification of areas of endemism that does not use grid cells (like the above methods).
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GIS technical challenges faced by users and developers.....
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My bet would be:
1) Web embedding products (directly exporting results for web code).
2) Big-data collecting and analysis.
3)  Automatic online data retrieving (it exists but is still not that common).
4) Real-time data collecting and processing for smart grids of GIS information (Any modern electric grid or urban traffic control does this but I believe you still need very specialized software).
And I would also add:
a) High quality rendering of image and animation for presentation.
One last point that does not depend only upon GIS developers and users (although they're included) is getting a true scientific standard for data (for files and memory structures). There are a lot of quality data standards that are horizontal towards scientific and industry areas but they're just no widespread enough.
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How can I find in ArcGIS 10.1 the value of a pixel on a map (raster) at different scales? For example, 1: 550,000 and 1: 600,000. What are the steps I need to follow to find out the value of a pixel? 
I have attached a sugestive map.  
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If I understand your question correctly you're looking to get the pixel value not the cell size.  Assuming that's the case the pixel value of the raster does not change by changing the scale you display it at.  There are two straightforward ways to get the value.  First, use the "Identify" icon on the menu.  Clicking on any portion of the raster will open a window that will allow you to select the layer that you're interested in.  Once selected click away.  Second, there is a tool in Data Management Tools-->Raster-->Raster Properties called Get Cell Value...
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Terrain analysis through SAGA GIS opensource software.
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For terrain analysis is the best software Global Mapper but this sources is not open. The best way if you wont to use DEM is some open source GIS is should be used Q GIS is free and really good for DEM. Some good DEM for free is possible to download from USGS site.
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How does one save raster as geotiff and later on convert it into grid format?
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Hi Tariq:
If you want to use open source software GDAL is your option. GDAL_TRANSLATE tool ollows you the work (http://www.gdal.org/gdal_translate.html)
To convert geotiff to ASC or AAIGrid format you can use
gdal_translate -of AAIGrid elevation.tif elevation.asc
gdal_translate -of XYZ elevation.tif elevation.xyz
I hope it helps you
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Dear All,
I have not been able to solve the hypsometric analysis issue using ArcGIS 10. Can anyone knidly give me the steps in using CalHypso, I have installed it in my ArcGIS 10 but it's not doing anything, it's not bringing up any suggested task to be performed.
Better still if there is suggestion of any method to be used in performing hypsometric analysis using ArcGIS 10, I will deeply appreciate if you could kindly give this to me.
Your kind immediate response will be deeply appreciated.
Alfred.
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would you please to take a look on this website http://arcscripts.esri.com/details.asp?dbid=16830
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I usually digitize maps by creating a shapefile. Now I want to digitize by creating a coverage. I have tried several times but failed. Please help me.
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Olá pessoal. Eu uso um software brasileiro GIS SPRING desenvolvido pelo INPE, Eu não uso do Arc. GIS. Caso seja imagem TM você poderia realizar um classificação automática mais não é o seu caso
Atte
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I am working on a project using Arc map 10.2. I want to use 'Extent' and 'Cell size' from the option menu in Arc map 10.2. I added Spatial Analyst from the tools menu and enabled it to form extensions. Spatial Analyst was added to the toolbar, but the Spatial Analyst drop down box has disappeared. I cannot find out 'Option' menu.
Can anyone help me to improve this?
Should I remove 10.2 version and Install version 9?
The problem is a universal one.
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Dear Yolandi
Thank you.
I found what should I do.
I should use Extract by Polygon or Extract by Mask. but it does not work as well as i want. I saved the map in JPEG format and take it to Photoshop and edited the map. I takes a lot of time but it work very well