Functional Materials - Science topic

Nayad Abdallah

Reconcile elemental analysis for all methods. Determine the mass average. Write a formula, such as water or hydrogen peroxide. You have determined 12% hydrogen and 88% oxygen. Write the unknown formula HxOy. Find the ratio x: y and, resulting in an integer ratio

12/1: 88/16 = 12: 5.5 = 2: 1. Hence, you have identified water, not hydrogen peroxide.

Dear Çağlar Tilkicik, to shortten the way with least efforts, I advise you to follow three strategies:

- study (not read) reviews and Books

- Attending scientific forums and conferences

- work with and engage students in research, term papers, and supervision

I did this since I was graduate students. Good Luck and My Regards

I think counter ions will make interference in the reaction and get different result unless make masking process and this depends on the nature of reactants and product and stability of solution and many parameters that must be in take

You need to test the item in a (UV) spectrometer of some sort. A standard chemical / biological spectrometer system could do the job, there is usually one in a lab somewhere at a university. If there is not one available, a small system like this:

Would work.

Is this book will be under Web of Science Book Citation Index (BkCI) ????

To consider the surface layer of a solid in general I recommend you to read the following presentation

Solid Surface and Nanoscale materials Structure

Presentation · July 2016 with 117 Reads

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31947.59684

Charmo, University of Charmo, University of Salahaddin, DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.31947.59684

Cite this publication

Omar M S at Salahaddin University - Hawler, Arbil, Kurdistan, Iraq

Recently, the conducting polymers are grafted onto another one. so, it is possible to prepare a polymeric structures for these purpose.

Pp 138

Above 500 deg C is available

The guiding formulations in tables 2 and 3 give examples for long-term temperature levels of 500 and 600°C.

Dr. Shahryar, Thanks for your suggestion but I can't use raman spectroscopy. 

Thank you for replying.

Your input is invaluable to me.

Thank you again,

Dear Edison,

Perhaps you can  see.The Pauli potential in relation to the differential virial ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/the-pauli-potential-in...

/lp/elsevier/the-pauli-potential-in-relation-to-the-differential-virial-theorem-KeSMaCbFz6

Published in:Physics Letters A · 2008

Authors:N H March

Affiliation:University of Antwerp

About:Kinetic energy · Density functional theory

Hello Jagannath,

I use this software almost everyday.  If you want all the optical constants to be expressed as epsilon1 and epsilon2 (dielectric function), you have to change the defaults values in VASE:  in VASE, go to 'global' (top right in the menus), select 'defaults', and choose 'e1 and e2' for 'Specify Optical Const. in'.  After this selection is made, all the optical constants will be expressed in e1 and e2, including the results of your fits.

Hope that this solve your problem.  Let me know.

Dear Maolong,

Please see follow papers:

1. Masoud Mirzaei , V. Lippolis , Hossein Eshtiagh Hosseini , milad mahjoobizadeh , Decaaquabis(μ3-4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato)bis(4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato)tetramanganese(II) 3.34-hydrate: a new three-dimensional open metal-organic framework based on a tetranuclear MnII complex of chelidamic acid and undecameric stitching water clusters , Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry , Volume ( 68 ) , 2011-12, Pages 7-11.

2. Masoud Mirzaei Shahrabi , H. Aghabozorg , Hossein Eshtiagh Hosseini , A Brief Review on Structural Concepts of Novel Supramolecular Proton Transfer Compounds and Their Metal Complexes Part(II) , Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society , Volume ( 8 ) , 2011-4, Pages 580-607.

For further papers on di-carboxylic acid transition metal complexes go to this link:

How about Solid state for polymer? I need it. thank you

It must be remembered that of the three named parameters, only one - Beta - is a model, a virtual setting. The remaining ones are determined by measuring the experimental values - currents. Beta is introduced to configure model law Fowler-Nordheim to describe the experimental data. Beta depends also on the geometry of the emitter surface, and the properties of the composite material.

Regardless of the material, the work function is the the difference in energy of an electron between vacuum level and the Fermi level.  The Fermi level is indeed the same as the electrochemical potential of the electron in the solid. Since the Nernst equation does nothing else but defining how this potential, E, shifts with respect to E(0), i.e. the electrode potential under standard conditions, it is a direct measure for how the work function changes upon polarization of the electrode. The problem is that different energy scales are used. The work function and Fermi level are usually defined against the vacuum level, while the electrode potential or redox potentials in electrochemistry are defined against an arbitrary zero, which is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). If you can establish the difference between 0V versus SHE and the vacuum level, then the Nernst equation could be used directly to calculate changes in work function. I believe there are several approaches to this, and you can learn more about it if you look up papers that aim to develop an "absolute scale" of redox potentials. I believe Wolfgang Schmickler has done some work on this.

The question is general, so the direct answer is "no":

CFRP will not "generally" replace steel ...

... but it may do so in certain applications, and these may well be numerous. Michael Heine gave a lot of good examples. However, look for Prof. Hufenbach often-cited statement (which has in fact been made by many people, probably also in parallel) - "The right material in the right place at the right price and with the right ecology".

If you follow this thought, the future is likely to be hybrid, or multi-material, and the proportions of indivdiual materials like steel or CFRP will shift with time even for a

given application: There are the usual boundary conditions, e.g. with respect to the link between cost, process and series size, which may be altered e.g. by introduction of new processes or optimization of old ones, there are raw material prices which may even be politically influenced, and there is a ecology, which as a cost factor is very much determined by regulations .... and there are of course certain aspects steel can provide, which CFRP can't as well. Anisotropy in CFRP has been mentioned, which can be employed to advantage of course but may be a problem in other scenarios, impact performance may still turn out to be an issue in aerospace, and potential also in automotive applications (repair, damage detection, crashworthiness etc.), high temperature performance of steel vs. CFRP etc. And naturally there is also the development potential steel may still have: When Audi introduced aluminium on a larger scale in the A8 and later the A2, it turned out that steel could in fact compete: There were the ULSAB projects, and there were the developments towards TRIP and TWIP steels, to name but a few.

All such developments can be imagined for the building industry, too, hence there is surely a potential and thus a market for the material, but none to replace all that's there today.

Lest I forget to mention, if you would like to have an overview of recent developments in terms of materials for transport applications, why not have a look at this ;-)

Hope you find it interesting, even though the building topic is not covered.

In my opinion, any particular example is always better than any abstract explanation. Here is a very interesting discussion on this subject based on the study of quite a nontrivial material, bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 ferroelectric magnet. Take a look.

Hi the papers were nice. But this work is on BiFeO3 type multiferroics in which the coupling of the electrical and magnetic component is weak because of their different origins. Have the strongly coupled multiferroics been explored for electric field induced transition?

Dear Sir,

just try to get access to a OMICRON NanoESCA, preferably mounted at a synchrotron beamline. Then, you will get chemical information via X-ray photoelecron spectroscopy (XPS) with lateral resolution in the range of 100-200 nm. In case you can identify Li in your batteries via changes in workfunction, the PEEM mode of the NanoESCA provides spatial resolution in 2D mapping in the range of 50 nm.

Unfortunately, these devices are not widly used and synchrotron radiation seems mandatory since in XPS the problem for Li is the same as in case of EDS/EDX, namely very low cross sections.

For further information, see

Sincerely,

FM