Forestry - Science topic

Poppycock; soil science, to the extent that it still is an independent department anywhere, is nearly always linked to a school of agriculture. The argument that "soil science as a discipline was rather narrowly defined in the 1980s as mostly including soil pedology and soil physics" fails to understand soil science. The SSSA was established in 1936 with six sections: physics, chemistry, microbiology, fertility, morphology, and technology. Soil science evolved to be adopted as a focus of research by other that traditional soils scientists, often building on concepts developed in agriculture. The link did never disappear, but soil science became the basis of more than just agricultural work. What is correct is that the pure soil science departments morphed and were re-labelled, as agricultural research fell out of fashion for a while. It is also correct that soil science is insufficiently recognized as a self-standing science by many nations' funding societies (merged into earth sciences or geography). So no, the argument of the authors is severely flawed. As to the 1900 to be the date when soils science became a science, debatable, depending of how we classify the work of Liebig, Dokuchaev and many others.

Plants can be destructive too. For example, an invasive plant species may be introduced by seeds in bird droppings with the result that a waterway may become choked off. Or an invasive plant may force out a native species that provided better protection against erosion. Such possibilities could have deleterious effects on local ecosystems.

Pollen can be used to determine pollination mechanisms, foraging resources, migration routes and source zones of insects and other pollinators. It provides a means for pale environmental analyses of terrestrial rocks and is of interest to geologists. Pollen, looking like insignificant yellow dust, bears a plant's male sex cells and is a vital link in the reproductive cycle. With adequate pollination, wildflowers: Reproduce and produce enough seeds for dispersal and propagation. Maintain genetic diversity within a population. Three-fourths of the world's flowering plants and about 35 percent of the world's food crops depend on animal pollinators to reproduce. That's one out of every three bites of food you eat. More than 3,500 species of native bees help increase crop yields. Not only can pollen records tell us about the past climate, but they can also tell us how we are impacting our climate. By analyzing pollen from well-dated sediment cores, pale climatologists can obtain records of changes in vegetation going back hundreds of thousands, and even millions of years. Because there is a lot of pollen and it doesn't fall apart easily, it is often preserved in layers of sediments and can become fossilized within rocks even in places where other plants and animals are not likely to be preserved as fossils. This makes pollen a good source of data about past climates. Seeds and pollen allowed plants to reproduce in absence of water. This allowed them to expand their range onto dry land and to survive drought conditions. Pollen grains are found in many sediments and can be used to infer which plants existed at a certain time and their geographical distribution. Since plants types vary under different climate conditions, this distribution of pollen can be used to infer the climate type for that location at that time.

You see a lot of projects starting with this. For example take a look at carbify.io, they are planting trees but creating a business model out of it. Focus on Social Impact, Food Security and reforestation.

Always happy to exchange thoughts with you.

Hi dear researchers, thank you for pointing out the important issue of tree planting in carbon sequestration. According to my knowledge and my job at betterSoil company, non-governmental companies are doing projects of tree planting. For example, one of the principles at betterSoil company is agroforestry. BetterSoil itself could plant 650 trees since 2019 in Iran and is going to have more plans in this case in the framework of agroforestry. You may visit the website of betterSoil initiative to get more information: www.bettersoil.info

You may also find more information about its project of tree planting under:

Best, Elaheh

The major objectives of community based conservation in forestry are:

1. Engaging local stakeholders and empowering them to take part in the management of their forests;

2. Promoting local knowledge and traditional ecological practices to maintain sustainable forest resources;

3. Encouraging sustainable economic development through the use of forest products;

4. Restoring the genetic diversity of native tree species;

5. Protecting wildlife habitats and preserving biodiversity;

6. Establishing conservation areas and establishing buffer zones to protect sensitive ecosystems;

7. Promoting sustainable forestry practices that are ecologically sound and economically viable;

8. Developing educational and training programs to increase awareness and understanding of the importance of sustainable forestry.

Generally, Community based conservation can be done in any type of forest tree species, from coniferous to deciduous and from tropical to temperate.

The European HBEFA provides emissions for vehicles on public roads (varying speed, gradient, road type etc. I had a previous version of the database and it provided fuel consumption along with various pollutants. I am not sure, though, if the level of detail goes to specific brands or vehicles.

Hello Mr. Nathan J. Roberts. Here are two books recommended by my colleagues, one book in Bahasa Indonesia and another one in English.

1. Konservasi biodiversitas : teori dan praktik di Indonesia / Jatna Supriatna

2. Wildlife Habitat Conservation: Concepts, Challenges, and Solutions

Johns Hopkins University Press

I hope it could help.

Best regards,

Surya Bagus Mahardika

Your goats can graze freely in natural forestry if you are licensed to do so. Cattle are too specific on grasses and legume fodders so it becomes difficult to integrate on natural forest

Subject specific means the department of the particular university from which you have to do PhD dissertation and it can be Forestry, Ecology and Environment department.For instance Central Universities, IITs and State Universities offer degrees according to their area of research interest. Although Research specific means the highlights topic which you are going to Propose your research hypothesis according to the speciality of the guide. Hence, the choices is yours which university you are interested to proposed your research hypothesis.

As much as possible, determining the provenance of seed sources to be used in reforestation should be supported by seed source movement trials. The evolution of different genetic variants of the same species from different regions occurs in response to a variety of factors, not just mean annual temperature differences. Depending on the driving climate factors in your region, genetic variants of the same species may develop different phenotypic traits based on a wide-range of climate variables that you may not be able to predict a priori: eg., growing season precipitation, mean hottest/coldest month temperatures, average number of growing season days with precipitation, etc. Your management goals should also inform your planting decisions. Are you managing for wood quality/timber production? Rapid growth? Drought resistance? By mixing provenances from different areas without prior testing you may guess correctly which variants may do well in an altered future climate or you may not. Variants you have planted may grow more quickly in a drier, warmer climate, for example, but may experience reductions in wood strength and stiffness that could impact their stability and or commercial value. Any large-scale forest restoration should be back by systematically designed and installed seed source movement trials that seek to identify genetic variants that display specific phenotypic responses to the specific climate scenarios you anticipate will unfold in your geographic region. If such trials are not in place for your species of interest and if it would take too long or be too expensive to implement them, it would make sense to look for seed source movement trials conducted for related species from areas with similar present and anticipated future climate. I also recommend reading the works of Harrington et al. from the northwestern United States for more information on this subject: (https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2017_harrington001.pdf).

The Southern Cross University at Australia. Excellent university

https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1007%25252Fs00477-020-01872-3/reader

The following RG links are also very useful:

Dear Sangram Sahoo . The best famous one is SPSS.

Our beloved RG platform is not a published never, but it is simply an academic platform for exchanging knowledge and ideas via its facilities.

Regards,

Emad

Not a book, but at https://github.com/ogarciav there are several forestry R packages: siplab, dyntaper, ingrowth, resde.

Mid infrared spectroscopy, near infrared spectroscopy

Dear Zhongqian Cheng Kindly check..

I believe that in the following Agronomy publication, you can obtain important bibliography that will help you to solve your question.

Dear Andrew, I didn't mean "exotic" badly. But the magazine was completely unknown to me and probably not as widespread as, for example, "Phytotaxa" or "Nature".

Dear Yoonjeong Heo,

sorry for forgetting keywords. It's my first official request, which shows how desperate I am. I don't know much more than what I've written. The Korean Title of the Journal is 水原高等農林學校學術報告.

What I know: On p. 32 of the paper you can find the name Orobanche coerulescens var. glaberrima Sakata. If the manner of publication of the name is valid, it could be the oldest and therefore priority name for the glabrous variety of the Orobanche coerulescens Stephan (actually known as Orobanche nipponica Makino). I need clarification for a monographic treatment of the genus.

Sure.

This is a good video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK_bFBN5ZJE

Thomas Fungenzi i guess the attached document might be of your help

Dear Hari,

Persistence and change: review of 30 years of community forestry in Nepal

Dear Search,

In this link you can find information on the issue raised.

Regards

Very interesting is production of wood chips from wood waste. Wood chips are source of renewable energy, who grows the fastest from all sources of renewable energy in EU, by the Eurostat data.

Best regards

Ladislav

one more vote for ForestFit

package: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ForestFit/

paper:

Best regards,

martin

Have a look at this paper:

although simple question but not related to my field

Dear Mohammed, congratulations on this innovative research work. Please, see the below links you may find some good guidance:

Reineke’s Stand Density Index: Where are we and where do we go from here? (fs.fed.us)

Variation in the maximum stand density index and its linkage to climate in mixed species forests of the North American Acadian Region

Found these on google scholar - might be good papers to read. K

Please include me. I am from India.

Dear W.V. Tharindu Amarasinghe

One easy way is to use Elsevier' find journal option.

You can enter the title and the abstract of your manuscript and it will show you which journals are better to submit your manuscript.

You may find it use this linke:

Good luck,

Hormoz

find below the link for a new database, JM LEBAN

Please see the link below.

Bulk density (BD) measurement needs to be done by core method for any comparison to other soils' BD. If the SOC is very high in soils under forest for a long time, BD may be really low.

Just yesterday I have checked, observed and studied the uprooted trees for the super cyclone Amphan in 9 forest patches of Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests types in 3 districts of West Bengal that revealed the area, volume, and the mass of the root systems is more than 20 times less than that of the above ground portion of the trees of the heights ranging between 30 - 45 ft height, and DBH 1 ft to 12 feet, if it's possible to attached the photographs of those uprooted trees with the entire stem including branches and the complete exposed root systems attached to the stem, then it will be possible to check visually for all.

May be 3:1

Dear Jeremy, your question is very relevant. There is always a risk when planting exotic species in areas under restoration because them can become invasive and compromise the restoration process. However, there are some examples where exotic species do not negatively impact the native biodiversity and other ecosystem functions. Indeed, some exotic species can provide a suitable environment for the development of native species. I would like to recommend you two recent papers addressing this issue. The first is entitled " Monitoring of forest components reveals that exotic tree species are not always invasive in areas under ecological restoration", and the second is "Exotic eucalypts: From demonized trees to allies of tropical forest restoration?". Kind regards.

Iam from Bule Hora University I edit Forestry and Agroforestry issue

Sustained yield means production of yield on a regular basis for a longer period of time. For sustained yield to occur the annual cut shall not exceed the annual growth. For example in Nepal, scientific forest management has been applied in Shorea robusta forests mainly in collaborative forest of Terai plains and later in community forests of hills too. Previously only planting and conservation was emphasized which tend to rot the trees causing huge economic losses. As these type of practices has just started it takes time for results as Shorea has rotation of 80 years. There was initially huge opposition from stakeholders and local people. But to gain a healthy forest we need to sacrifice the old one.

There must be extensive research that the theory of sustained yield is actually prevalent in field or not. Forestry is a practice that occurs in a complex natural and social setting. Also the management practices must be good withstanding fire, theft and encroachment. The management plan plays a key role here. It should suit the scenario in which it is being made and should be implemented with precision.Constant research is required.

The use of alternative plant species in construction, such as bamboo, is an alternative with environmental and social advantages. Undoubtedly, reducing the consumption of native species has environmental advantages. However, it is always necessary to assess the impacts of each activity, seeking, as far as possible, to add maximum sustainability to production.

@Back Tomas, thank you for the article.

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/can-agroforestry-save-indias-rivers-and-the-farms-that-depend-on-them/

Dear Anastasios Mazis,

Best software for canopy estimation analysis.

I hope the information will help you.

With Best Wishes,

Samir G. Pandya

Dear rabin,

Please take a look at this:

I believe that soil moisture, temperature, pH and rainfall can be measured remotely.

Dear Saha,

there are many universities potentially good according to you area.

I suggest you to prepare first a good proposal on plant root system and according to the scope of the universities you can applied for post doc

I thought the point (no pun intended) was to allow these cypresses to grow tall and thin, like a pencil. My impression is that these are not really meant to be trimmed or sculpted. If you are interested in wider cypresses or a cypress that's more adaptable while sculpting, maybe you could consider getting another variety.

Any BAF prism will choose small trees (or any other designation of trees) in exactly the same ratio as any other BAF. If you want more small trees, put in more plots or use a BAF that chooses more trees. You will, of course, choose more total trees with either method.

There is no reason that you cannot measure a larger proportion of small trees if you want, you just have to weight them correctly in your calculations.

If the trees are about the same size, there is no distinction between fixed and variable plots in many ways.

For forest plantation probably may not good because need a long time to get revenue which is >=30 years compared to batai or acacia which only need less than 10 years to harvest. However, if for butter production might be faster to get revenue. It will be good if planted in mix plantations, where can also increase the biodiversity .

NDVI saturates at high biomass levels, as is the cases in tropical forest including Borneo. Wherever we tested SAVI and other indices (as early as the eighties in the past century) in lower biomass zones, the difference with NDVI was marginal.

Now the fundamental issue. What do want to measure, understand, explore in forestry by NDVI? What is your research gap/question)? Deforestation, reforestation, cover change in other words , for example, does not need NDVI (see our articles). However, seasonal changes outside the tropics may be estimated well by NDVI.

@Chimi, thank you

Dear Daniel Kraus,

The importance of this type of analysis is growing due to the increasingly frequent climatic cataclysms. The costs of this type of processes may vary considerably depending on the type of risk of climatic disasters, applied technology, economy, climate zone, raw material costs, market prices of specific wood species obtained from forested areas, rehabilitation costs degraded by civilization and after climatic disaster of forest area and afforestation determined tree species, etc. It is important to develop a universal model for estimating this kind of costs, ie to build a multi-factor model, taking into account various factors including changes in the type of risk of climate disasters, applied technology, economy, climate zone, raw material costs, market prices of specific species wood obtained from forested land, costs of reclamation degraded by civilization and after a climate disaster of forest area and afforestation with specific tree species, etc.

Best wishes

Nice response Dr Dobriyal. How do you see a empirical relation between carbon footprint and net primary productivity vis- a- via plant biomass...

Thanks for your answer, Jose!

Xueyan, you can see if the model vegetation type is correct for your study area!

Thanks again Brunu Martin ..... I have removed the tag C++....

you can search Dr Adnan and Dr Sayed Moazzam Nizami Profile on Research Gate. they have many research articles on KPK forest .

Thanks and regards,

Dear Catriona,

Please, kindly find at:

https://w3id.org/mtv/FISE/map-data-RPP/v0-3-2/internet/Picea-sitchensis the raster data referring to the modelled relative probability of presence of Sitka Spruce - Picea sitchensis (see ) with the corresponding metadata at https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/86af1e37-e5c1-4fd9-aea7-b5c7d0344f90

For more information, feel free to contact the team of the European Atlas of Forest Tree Species ( jrc-forest-atlas@ec.europa.eu - https://w3id.org/mtv/FISE-Comm/v01 ).

With my best regards,

Daniele de Rigo

Dear Daniel, here you can find a paper from Croatia

Best regards, Stefanie

Not sure if this is what you are looking for but in the Steigerwald region , Germany, the local conservation concept of Ebrach State Forest Enterprise includes active deadwood accumulation as a main pillar for habitat restoration. The beetle Bolitophagus reticulatus e.g. benefits from this strategy: it is now colonizing formerly intensively managed stands where deadwood was a scarce resource before. Maybe this management practice could be seen as a form of assisted migration too.

"Combat climate change" was the blatant bias reveal. Seriously, my research question would be: What percentage of the adult American population thinks "the nexus of forests and climate change" is an important topic (and why)?

Depending on the type of data involved, you may be able to assess the extent of species mingling in mixed-species stands of trees.

Hola Mauricio,

Aunque yo no uso Android las apps que he usado por estos lados en Apple sirven también para Android:

1.- Canopeo: para estimar porcentajes de cobertura de dosel https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=okstate.edu.canopeo&hl=es_US

2.- Leafsnap para identificación de plantas (aunque no tropicales)

3.- Plant Net: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.plantnet&hl=es

4.- PlantOMatic http://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/tools/plant-o-matic/

El profesor brasileño Emilio Bruna de Florida, ha hecho una lista de apps útiles. Algunas sirven en android: http://brunalab.org/apps/

Saludos,

Emilio

Dear Thomas Fungenzi,

Please have a look at these useful PDF attachments.

Good luck!

There are studies back around 2001 by Dirk Dujesiefken from Hamburg, Germany, with a few pubs in German (I have the citations). He compared a variety of options and in very rare cases it was recommended to plug the hole. But rule of thumb is do NOT pug holes at all. Plugging is in most cases worse than anything else. So dont plug holes, also dont use any desinfection treatment, and by no means any "balsam".

Dear Manmohan,

I think there is need to strike a balance between the productive roles and the environmental/ecological roles of forestry because we need both. If this is done both those in production and environmental forestry will have nothing to lose and our environment will still be protected. I think what we should all speak and act against is the unsustainable exploitation of forests for economic reasons without considering the ecological implications.

The tree is the main component. There can be agroforestry without crops or without animals, but not without trees (for example: multistrata agroforestry system).

I recommend Hamit's answer

Best Regards

Interesting question & answers. Same situation happens to me often, as I am from the pre-digital era.

Dear Georgios

In Greece I do not know, but in case it can be useful for you, the Global FSC Certificate Database contains the most up-to-date information on FSC certificates, both Forest Management and Chain of Custody. The database can be used to verify that a company is FSC certified and search for FSC certified companies or products.

Regards.

PM

There is some work going on in Australia using sentinel to access grassland fuel structure, but unfortunately not yet published.

Hello Fisseha,

2way ANOVA is always preferable to doing 1way ANOVA because it makes better use of the information. For example, you can look at the interactive effect. And the tests have more power (larger df for the error term). There is nothing *wrong* with doing 1ways instead of the 2way, except you pay the price in loss of information and in power.

If the assumptions of normal and independent residuals are not met, one can still do a 2way ANOVA via randomization. See:

b.t.w., did you know that the distribution of the data (taken as the response variable) is only a clue to which error distribution to use in analysis? It is not a prerequisite.

The assumptions for the general linear model (including regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA) are that the errors (residuals) are normal and homogeneous (Eisenhart 1947, Seber 1966, Neter et al 1983 pp 31& 49, Quinn and Keough 2002 pp 110 & 280). Evaluation of assumptions in texts, where it occurs, often entails a residual versus fit plot (for homogeneity) and a normal score plot or Quantile-Quantile plot (for normality of the residuals). If you haven't already, I suggest you look at the residuals from your 2way ANOVA. And take it from there.

Good luck with your research,

David S

following the answers