Forest Economics - Science topic

For example, why is it that in Europe, where environmental policy has been one of the priorities for several years, deforestation, logging, cutting down old-growth forests in natural forests in the Carpathian Mountains has been going on on a large scale in some countries?

In Europe, where environmental policy is taken seriously and is one of the priorities in recent years, afforestation of areas has begun to outweigh deforestation. This is in line with climate and environmental policy, against the ongoing process of global warming. Unfortunately, however, there are serious sad exceptions to this rule. Currently, according to Greenpeace, an area of 5 soccer fields is disappearing every hour throughout the Carpathians. According to what Greenpeace reports, in some countries only 3 percent of the natural forests of the Carpathians are legally protected from investments like road construction. In the country where I operate, thanks to the intervention of people who care about conservation, it was possible to defend the natural forests of the Bieszczady National Park from predatory logging by a government-controlled company that manages most of the country's forests. A company that has the issue of nature conservation and forest biodiversity written into its internal regulations as a priority function. But realistically this function is not treated as a priority. Thanks to the intervention in the bodies of the European Union, thanks to grassroots social movements, thanks to the activities of Greenpeace, it was possible to defend the natural forests, including the National Park in the Bieszczady Mountains from predatory pseudo-forest management. Thanks to the defense of the Bieszczady Mountains, nature in the Bieszczady Mountains is reviving. In addition, some 300 social grassroots movements to defend the natural forests in the Carpathians have since sprung up. Accordingly, the company that manages most of the country's forests have it written into their norms that social and natural functions come first and economic functions last. And in recent years these relationships have been turned on their head. According to what is reported by Greenpeace Poland, currently the natural forests in Poland are treated by the government-controlled forest management company primarily as a source of money for all sorts of social, economic and political ventures and the issues of nature conservation, in addition to natural forests, landscape parks and national parks, protection of the natural biodiversity of forest ecosystems is at the end and in many aspects realistically there is none at all. The revenue of the company that manages most of the country's forests where I operate in 2022 has increased by more than half from 10 billion zlotys to more than 15 billion zlotys. This gives food for thought. In 2022, a fund controlled by an organized political group allied with the government is credited with PLN 3 billion. This fund is used to finance various pre-election goals, including those that have nothing to do with forest conservation, protection of the biodiversity of natural forest ecosystems. And yet forests, including natural forests, whose ecosystems have developed over thousands or millions of years, are a very important factor also in protecting the climate from the ongoing process of global warming. Deforestation of forest areas accelerates the progressive process of global warming. A In the entire Carpathian Mountains (which together are found in the area of several countries in Europe), an area of 5 soccer fields disappears every hour.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

International Day of Forests, which is celebrated annually on 21 March and was established by the UN General Assembly on 28 November 2012, is an opportunity to reflect on the systemic improvement of forest management in order to simultaneously preserve natural forest ecosystems, enhance the protection of biodiversity, the biosphere and the planet's climate. The celebration of the International Day of Forests aims to raise human awareness of the importance of forests for humans, including the crucial importance of forests in the context of protecting the planet's climate and biosphere. Taking into account the protection of the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems, it is urgently necessary to transform rabid forest management into rational, pro-climate and pro-environmental forest management. Forest management carried out within the framework of rational, pro-climate and pro-environmental forest management should be carried out in such a way that natural multi-species forest ecosystems are restored as much as possible instead of monocultures of homogeneous stands. When monocultures of forests based on a small number of tree species or even with the dominance of a single tree species are carried out, the incidence of various viral, fungal diseases and tree pests increases significantly. In addition, monocultures dominated by coniferous species are much more prone to the appearance and development of forest fires during the summer season. Tree monocultures are also unfavourable for the coexistence and development of many forest animal species that are found in natural, multi-species forest forests and primeval forests. Unfortunately, in terms of pseudo forest management, archaic forest management practices of monocultures based on a few tree species are still in use, which also causes a significant decline in the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Accordingly, forest management should pursue rational, pro-climate, pro-environmental, biodiversity-sensitive forest management instead of commercial-oriented predatory management. In addition, forest management plans should respect the principles of nature conservation, protection of rare and endangered species of fauna and flora, protection against the felling of old trees, protection of the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, etc., which is also important in the context of the scale of CO2 absorption from the atmosphere, and is therefore an additional factor in limiting the scale of the ever-increasing greenhouse effect and the global warming process.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Values obtained for Evenness of the species distribution, relative abundance of species diversity, and the species richness of a number of identified timber tree species of a forgotten forest for biodiversity estimation applying Shannon-Wiener Index and computing by Excel's data analysis tool show almost the same, only the species richness index is different, then it's my query, parameters like Evenness of the species distribution, relative abundance of species diversity, and the species richness, are these same in the context of forest ecology?

Many studies show that the most effective organic farming consists in cultivating forest stands in a formula referring to natural, complex, biologically multispecies ecosystems.

The ecological forestry formula based on the cultivation of many different species of trees and shrubs adjacent to each other, referring to the formation of a natural ecosystem, allows to eliminate chemical measures to protect forest spruce and shrubs and reduce biological fertilization.

Only the application of biologically neutral machines and technical devices to crops to correct the functioning of organic forest crops would allow the improvement of this formula and striving to achieve sustainable forestry.

Only the question of the legitimacy of using or possibly resigning from the creation of new, more resistant to various diseases and pests, new varieties of cultivated trees and shrubs through the use of genetics engineering would remain to be considered.

It is not about creation of new species of plants or animals through genetic manipulation techniques, but about breeding newer varieties of forest trees and shrubs that are more resistant to diseases and pests as a perfecting formula of cultivation referring to the natural ecosystem.

Cultivation of forest stands referring to the formula of the natural biological ecosystem should be improved by creating and introducing to these complex crops these new varieties of trees and shrubs in order to restore biological balance, which was previously significantly reduced through the widespread use of forest and forestry monoculture carried out under classic forestry.

In this way, it is possible to recreate sustainable forestry in the future in areas where classical monocultural forest crops were previously grown or in reclaimed areas.

In view of the above, I would like to ask you: should sustainable chemistry and monoculture be reduced in sustainable forestry, and forestry techniques referring to natural ecosystems should be developed?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Biomass of the two trees namely Azadirachta indica (Neem) and (Jalpai) Alaerocarpus serratus is measured which were uprooted in the last November by the ravaged cyclone Bulbul, the ratio between Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Below Ground Biomass (BGB) of both the trees of the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests type is about 20:1, root systems of both the trees are not at all sufficient to erect or support this relatively higher mass of stem, branch, and leaves particularly during the cyclonic storms, do the rest of the trees have the same root systems, is this low quantitative root systems responsible for the low content of Below Ground Biomass of the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests type whereas the BGB is relatively more in the other forest floors like temperate or conifers

The content of carbon in the biomass varies from 35% - 65% in one literature, in the another, it's 45-50%, though 50% is often taken as default value, and all they are surprisingly constant irrespective of tissue types and species, but if the content of carbon in the biomass is almost constant in almost all types of floral community, then why the mass is different for the different plant species for a particular volume, for an example, 1 cft volume of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Jalpai (Alaerocarpus serratus) is 16.61 kg and 18.38 kg respectively, multiplying 0.5 with these two values, it gives the default value of carbon, but the tissue types and compactness are simply different from one another, still they contain 50% of carbon in biomass?

Forest resources are of immense economical benefits, taping into these however may result in environmental concerns. Placing these side by side, what then should take precedence while juxtaposing the choices of economical or environmental interests?

Hi everybody ! I hope you're doing well and staying safe. We aim to estimate the true value of Argane fruit which is a product typically traded in market (Already has a market price) . But we think that Argane fruit's market price fails to account all of the costs and benefits involved when providing this specific good.

In such situation, can we use contingent valuation method even though it's a marketable good ? We will really appreciate if you can provide us some literature or provide some suggestions on methods to estimate true price.

I am trying to estimate timber volume using the Faustmann model cubic model, Q(t)=at+b(t)^2-d(t)^3 (as described in Conrad, 1999) but my results are inconsistent with the theory. I decided to try the population growth logistic model (that I didn't prefer initially) Q(t)=K/[1+ e^((-[a+bt]) ) ], I got something consistent but then it limits my timber volume to K. I don't know K, so to get results I guessed it to run the model.

Can anyone who has run the Faustmann model to estimate timber volume help me understand my error and how I can adjust my variables to get consistent results?

Thanks!

I am searching for good quality pictures of the following "primeval forest relict beetles" of Europe (in German: Urwaldrelikte):

Ampedus auripes (Elateridae)

Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Lucanidae)

Prostomis mandibularis (Prostomatidae)

Quedius truncicola (Staphylinidae)

We are carrying out an investigation of old trees & forests in Western Switzerland and would like to illustrate some large public documents.

We have two types of forest, natural and man-grown forest. Forest is one of the most economical resource that has a big role in maintaining ecological systems. But each trees has got its own productive age after that there is decrease in its productivity. Such trees should be cut for some other uses. The old tree must be compensated with new plantation. In this way it will not only play it's ecological role but will help and support economic activities.

In contrast we have banned tree cutting under the concepts of conservation and preservation. In this way, most of the counties are dependent on man-grown forest and usually growing fast growing trees. That has got negative impacts on Environment. Is there any such study on tree's age and its ecological productivity?

If someone has information, please share.

Regards

By comparing rubber-based and oil palm-based agroforestry practices in terms of profitability.. what variables should be considered, except for the size of the area (a fixed variable). Any suggestions ?

Now all natural forests are manged on conservation approach and so there is no direct benefits are originating for economic gains of country baring few livelihood options for tribals. There is dead trees, unused NWFP forest wealth but law not permit to extract it. Is conservation forestry is just ban everything in natural forests even silvicultural practices of thinning, salvage/ sanitation felling or improvement felling etc. How to regulate the conservation with siviculture of economic and social principles?

Can any one share the 10 Year Statistical Economical figures which support the communities and nation to build up this natural resource a new livelihood options and income in future?

Please suggest me how do I collect data on social and economic values of a forest?

Thank you.

NLS regression on non-stationary data Edit

Hello!

I am understanding the impact of GDP on forest density figures in a region using the Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis. I am running an NLS regression with GDP as my independent variable and Forest Density as my dependent variable.

However, my variables collected over a 20 year time period are non-stationary after using the ADF test on E views. Forest Density becomes stationary after taking 1st difference while forest density doesn't become stationary even after taking 2nd difference.

Can I still run an NLS regression? If not, which regression model can I use in E views? All previous studies on the Environmental Kuznets Curve have used Least Square Regression as the curve depicts a U shape, representing the relationship between an environmental indicator and GDP.

Looking forward to a response. Thank you!!

Most of the resource economic journals I have reviewed seem to have more publications on environment related work. I am looking for journal or link where I can access forest economics publications. Does anyone know of any?

Let's assume that the shift from the pure economy to green markets allows us to keep the dirty economy alive for another 50 years or 100 years or 150 years.

And then we will be facing the need to shift from dirty economies to clean economies either because minimizing pollution did not work or non-renewable enery sources are then exahusted or the few remaing non-renewable energy sources are horded by some.  By that time the cost of closing the renewable energy techology gap as compared of doing it now will be for sure more expensive and out of the budgent of most capitalist countries, especially developing countries, and they will be facing then economic black outs,...and massive social discontent.... Does that means that the age of green markets wll or may end up with a social bang?. What do you think?

Currently, Nepal is in transition and developing several types of strategies such as Forestry Strategy for coming 10 years, Terai Arc Landscape Strategy covering from Bagmati River to east to Makakali in the west. Further, REDD Cell has proposed to develop REDD strategy for Nepal. In this context, one of the major issues is deforestation and forest degradation in Nepal. So, how can we go ahead to tackle this issues seriously, so that we can devise the further strategies to tackle the issues? 

I want to model the forest loss in the future, what free software can do this

and how difficult can be.

Thanks!

Different plants have different colonization history based on its economics.How rattan (family-Palmacea or Aracacea)  colonization connected with the historical era?

I want to know the present price of carbon credit for valuation of forest carbon stock. From where i can found the carbon credit value?

It's important to evaluate the intensity of competition of a forest or a grassland region. So I wonder is there a index to calculate the competition intensity of an area, but not for a individual tree?

forest economics

In the provisioning forest ecosystem services the classifications used such as Timber and NTFPs, Woody and non woody products, Direct use values and indirect use values etc. For example; I have market values for the Timber (construction wood), house use furniture (chairs, tables, cupboards etc), fire/fuel wood, medicinal plants, thatching materials, and packing materials. How I should classify these forest products as Timber and NTFPs to avoid double counting? Which classification method for the provisioning  services of forest is valid and updated ?

I need to know about the yield of birch and alder in pure vegetation?

It would be interesting to know if the cost of fertilizer is reset at the end of turn for the additional increase wood generated fertilizer. Always assuming that the fertilizer is applied after the last thinning and trees that will be part of clearcutting.

In Iran, we are selling harvested trees based on their volume. But volume measurements is not so precise. Instead, if we could sell the logs based on their weight, it can be simply done by loading a truck and weighting it.

Here is the problem, roughly speaking, about a half of wood weight is water and wood moisture depends on the time that a contractor may leave the logs in cutting area. So, if a contractor postpone transporting the logs, he will pay less. It should be mentioned that because of so many problems of transportation, we can not easily force the contractors to deplete cutting fields.

How do you sell logs in your country?

I am compiling a literature review discussing specifically the direct socio-economic impact of forest road construction, but so far I have found limited number of resources regarding this topic. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance.

I am interested in a – as much as possible - rational classification of bark beetle infestation at the forest stand level.

I am reading many articles that tells Africa has the highest deforestation rate in the world. However, I couldn't find any recent peer reviewed article that tells this information. Can anyone suggest me a recent peer reviewed article for this?

Thanks a lot,

Binyam. 

Forestry sector contributing toward national GDP has always been underestimated in the tropics due to many reasons. Ranging from environmental to educational, and widening between infrastructural and methodological approaches adopted; how best forest assests and liabilities could be accounted using GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)?

There are many methods for the carbon stock estimation and sequestration. Here, I want to know the method/procedure to find out the carbon biomass from known DBH (diameter at breast height) and height of the tree species in a forest ecosystem. I also want to know how to analyse these results? 

While I would assume such an exercise is highly prone to underestimation of economic value, I would love to know what others think about it.

"Scientific Forest Management for Sustainability of Forest Resources".

In Nepal, many forests are strictly protected or conserved. People are not able to achieve the optimal benefit from the forests. Despite using the valuable timber available in the forests, it is left to decay in the forests.

I am seeking answers which could help to generate substantial economic benefit from such "protected or conserved" forests.

I want to calculate long time series of forest product prices in current EURO value. Based on international trade prices in USD.

An answer on stack exchange :

suggests using "national currency weights to the ECU value" to obtain a time series back to 1979. It also suggest using a 1979-1999 time series called " Euro Community" from the St Louis FED. Are there other European sources of EUR/USD exchange rate before 1999?

Starting from the data needed to how to control the errors.

Specifically I want to see the linkage within the forestry sector involving activities like producing raw materials, processing, and trading goods domestically and internationally.

Models of the forest products sector simulate production, consumption and trade of forest products in a recursive market equilibrium. Such models are often seen as "black boxes" by non modellers. What are the different ways to validate their input data, methodologies, and output scenarios?