Forensic Science - Science topic

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity and forensic science represents a transformative shift in addressing today’s complex digital security challenges. As cyber threats evolve in sophistication and frequency, AI- driven approaches provide a proactive and adaptive solution to enhance threat detection, prevention, and inves...

DNA sequencing, which deciphers DNA nucleotide sequence, has had a transformative impact on biology and medicine. The quest began in 1953 with Watson and Crick’s discovery of the DNA double helix, based on Franklin and Wilkins’ pioneering work in X-ray crystallography. Arthur Kornberg’s 1956 discovery of DNA polymerase further advanced the field, l...

The exponential rise in digital transformation has brought unprecedented advances and complexities in cybersecurity and forensic practices. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, traditional security measures alone are no longer sufficient to counter the dynamic landscape of cyber-attacks, data breaches, and digital fraud. The emergenc...

New Forensic Science Lab

Forensic science is an applied science that consists of multiple scientific disciplines and is expanding exponentially. Throughout history, crime has unfortunately been a persistent issue in human society. However, as humans progressed, they developed new tools and techniques to combat criminality and impart justice, including forensic science. A s...

Aims and Objectives: Homicide is a cruel act of mankind. It reveals one of the darkest sides of the society. Homicidal crimes represent a reasonable proxy for all different kinds of violent crimes in general. In this modern world violent crimes are being executed professionally. Such criminal activities follow peculiar socio-demographic profiles of...

Introduction: In an increasingly digital world, where almost every aspect of our lives is mediated by technology, the rise of cybercrimes presents a formidable challenge. These crimes, ranging from data breaches to online fraud and cyber-attacks, not only threaten individuals' privacy and security but also undermine the integrity of businesses and...

Abstrak Identifikasi personal merupakan suatu masalah yang sangat penting dilakukan dalam sebuah proses pemeriksaan forensik, karena apabila ada kesalahan dalam proses identifikasi dapat berakibat fatal dalam proses peradilan. Proses identifikasi pasien hidup dapat menggunakan beberapa metode, diantaranya adalah identifikasi sidik jari, visual, dok...

Forensic science is the application of scientific disciplines which are directed to the recognition, identification, individualization, and evaluation of physical evidences by the application of the principles, technology, and methods of natural sciences for the purpose of administration of criminal justice or in order to serve the law. Improved fo...

Various concerns relating to international humanitarian law and human rights were risen by natural catastrophes (tsunamis, floods, fires), the Covid-19 pandemic, the epidemic breakouts of Ebola, as well as the significant migrant wave observed in the Mediterranean region. Forensic Medicine has direct interactions with both domestic and internationa...

Introdução: As ciências forenses têm ganhado uma vasta reputação devido a busca por competências específicas para solucionar incidentes criminais. A enfermagem forense surge com uma junção do conhecimento técnico-científico da enfermagem com a coleta de evidências e cuidado humanizado às vítimas de crime e/ou violência, sendo reconhecida como uma e...

Der Beitrag dokumentiert die wiederholte Thematisierung des ›Bösen‹ als Motiv, Eigenschaft und/oder Identität von TäterInnen durch forensische ExpertInnen. Kritische Textanalyse identifiziert diese Erzählstruktur als fetischistische Verleugnung und problematisiert einesteils deren vorwissenschaftlichen Moraldiskurs, anderenteils die implizit-expliz...

Lipstick stains discovered on objects (such as drinking cups) may be utilized as evidence and/or lead in forensic investigations by chemical analysis. Hence, this study analyzed two brands of lipstick stains' organic composition on paper cups over 0, 24, and 48 h of exposure using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy...

In forensic science education, the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application poses a unique challenge. Traditional lecture formats, while informative, often lack the interactive elements necessary to foster the critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills essential for the field. This study explores the integration...

The estimation of the time of death represents a highly complex and challenging task within the field of forensic medicine and science. It is essential to approach this matter with the utmost respect for human rights while acknowledging the inherent limitations of the current methods, which require continuous refinement and expansion. Forensic scie...

Welcome to the third issue of India’s first bimonthly forensic science magazine! After the great response to our previous editions, we’re excited to bring you the latest in forensic research, breakthroughs, and expert insights. Your support fuels our passion, and we hope this issue inspires and informs you. We look forward to your feedback as we co...

Digital Forensics in Uncovering Social Media Hacking Events as a Tool to Help the Police to Fulfil Evidence. Normative legal research or library research, with a statute approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, historical approach. The nature of the research used in this research is descriptive-prescriptive, the author uses content anal...

Программно-аппаратный комплекс (ПАК) российского производства «АИПСИН / Кристалл» (презентация доклада на конференции на русском языке) Конференция: Международная научно-практическая конференция «Современные инструментальные методы экспертного исследования в токсикологии и судебной экспертизе», г. Москва, 28-29 ноября 2024 г • Москва, Юрченко Р.А.,...

Kegiatan “Pencegahan Perundungan melalui Literasi Edukasi pada Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia SMP di kota Palu” dilaksanakan untuk memberikan literasi edukasi pencegahan perundungan kepada guru sebagai penghubung yang akan memberi penyadaran dan pemahaman kepada siswa untuk mencegah terjadinya perundungan di sekolah.Upaya pencegaha...

Teknologi menjadi kebutuhan sehari-hari bagi banyak orang. Penggunaan teknologi yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif baik bagi individu maupun organisasi seperti mendapatkan informasi-informasi yang bersifat illegal. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi komputer sehingga menimbulkan kejahatan siber seperti eksploitasi...

One of the newest areas of forensic science is forensic nursing. Those who provide treatment for forensic patients and apply forensic knowledge to the nursing profession are known as forensic nurses. To satisfy the demands of public health, the number of forensic nurses is increasing. Within forensic nursing, there are numerous subspecialties, such...

Background: Forensic anthropology's core focus is identifying biological traits like sex, age, and height. This expertise is useful in several fields, including forensic science, anthropology, archaeology, and medical research. The study aims to formulate stature predictive models using shoulder breadth, sitting shoulder height, and knee height amo...

The article is devoted to the problem of systematization of forensic knowledge. It is noted that in modern conditions it is solved by creating two relatively separate theories - the doctrine of the subject and the doctrine of the forensic system. The thesis about the key role in the construction of the forensics system of a clear definition of its...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab kematian akibat luka tembak pada kasus seorang laki-laki berusia sekitar 25 tahun yang mengalami luka di tungkai atas kanan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis otopsi forensik, baik dari pemeriksaan luar maupun dalam tubuh korban. Pemeriksaan luar menunjukkan adanya luka akibat kekerasan tum...

This comprehensive review examines recent technological advances in forensic entomology for post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation within the United Kingdom's forensic science framework. The analysis demonstrates that over 70% of UK homicide investigations now incorporate entomological evidence for determining the time since death. The integration o...

The Y chromosome plays a crucial role in understanding the overall landscape of male health. Incorporating the Y chromosome into genomic and epigenomic research may elucidate the male-specific mechanisms behind aging and the pathogenesis of certain conditions, both acute and chronic. Present epigenetic research focuses on the effects of modificatio...

Forensic science techniques are frequently employed in criminal trials to identify perpetrators, and the judiciary find this evidence highly persuasive. The predominant practice in some branches of forensic science employs analytical methods reliant on human perception and interpretive methods grounded in subjective judgement. The methods lack tran...

Forensic science is pivotal in criminal investigations, offering critical insights through the analysis of physical, chemical, biological, and serological evidence. This study explores the investigation of a blind murder involving a high-profile individual, where initial efforts were hindered by the absence of the victim's body. Through meticulous...

Sistematika buku ini dengan judul “Entomologi”, mengacu pada konsep dan pembahasan hal yang terkait. Buku ini terdiri atas 10 bab yang dijelaskan secara rinci dalam pembahasan antara lain mengenai Pengertian Entomologi dan Hubungannya dengan Ilmu Lainnya; Hubungan Serangga dengan Manusia, Parasit dan Predator; Struktur dan Fungsi Beberapa Sis...

The formation of new properties for Bipolar Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Set (BLDFS) enhances the evaluation procedure by including control parameters and meticulously accumulating positive as well as negative opinions. While previous approaches encounter difficulties in accurately grasping uncertainties, the design and development of a novel Bipolar L...

A postmortem iris recognition system is a specialized biometric identification system used to identify individuals based on their iris patterns after death. Such a system requires a set of specific requirements to ensure its effectiveness and accuracy. So, with this objective, this paper proposes a postmortem iris recognition system approach, which...

This research employs high-level cryptographic methods to protect historical and future medical records, ensuring data continuity, integrity, and confidentiality using SHA-3-512 and AES-256. With the increasing incidents of critical data tampering, especially in forensic investigations and lawsuits, the proposed system, MedLock, encrypts medical da...

In 2006 an archaeological excavation on Lazzaretto Nuovo Island (Venice, Italy) uncovered an anomalous grave dated by stratigraphic evidence to the 1576 plague pandemic. The human remains (ID 6) were interred with a brick placed in the mouth, indicative of historical practices against «undead» and vampires. A multidisciplinary study incorporating f...

This study investigates the potential of palatal rugae patterns as a tool for sex estimation in the Javanese population of Surabaya, Indonesia. Palatal rugae on the anterior part of the maxillary mucosa exhibit unique characteristics that make them valuable for forensic identification. Through a cross-sectional study involving 60 Javanese individua...

The academic community has paid surprisingly little attention to the transformative impact that forensic science has had on the way in which nations deal with their violent history. This contrasts with the growing interest in institutional and normative aspects that promote global accountability. This research contributes to the current body of lit...

Permasalahan cybercrime, termasuk cyberbullying di platform media sosial, terus meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi digital. Discord, sebagai salah satu aplikasi komunikasi populer, sering digunakan dalam interaksi sehari-hari, termasuk dalam aktivitas yang melanggar hukum. Dalam konteks forensik digital, penting untuk memiliki metode y...

In forensics, genetic human identification is generally achieved by nuclear STR DNA typing. However, forensic samples often yield DNA in exiguous quantity and low quality, impairing the generation of conclusive DNA profiles by STR typing. In such cases, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be used as an alternative solution in forensic human identificatio...

Developments in science and technology lead to an increasing use of scientific evidence in litigation. Interdisciplinary research can improve current procedures and introduce new ones for the disclosure and examination of evidence. The dactyloscopic trace is used for personal identification by matching minutiae (the minimum required may vary by cou...

This study investigates the populations of dipterans in the southeastern Prealps of Trentino, Italy, along an altitudinal gradient that exceeds 1000 m. The study is important because dipterans play a significant role in crime scene analysis by helping to determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) and understand corpse relocation dynamics. Nine aerial...

Forensic Odontology is a critical field within forensic science, with significant importance in legal contexts and the identification of victims in mass disasters or cases of abuse. This article focuses on the efforts made by the European University Cyprus (EUC) School of Dentistry to raise awareness among dental students regarding legal and forens...

Dalam perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat, analisis bukti digital menjadi semakin penting dalam mendukung penegakan hukum dan mengamankan ranah keamanan siber. Proses analisis bukti digital melibatkan pemeriksaan terhadap berbagai informasi digital yang ditemukan dalam investigasi kejahatan atau kasus hukum. Bukti digital tersebut dap...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an advanced analytical technique employed to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The method operates based on the differential affinities of sam ple molecules for the mobile and stationary phases within a chr omato-graphic column. HPLC is recognized for its high resolutio...

Ethical, legal and social implications (ELSIs) in forensic genetics investigations (FGIs) also involve conducting a careful assessment of the potential benefits and responsible use of genetic information. FGIs have become an invaluable tool in solving crimes and identifying individuals in various legal and investigative contexts. Moreover, forensic...

Background: Facial anthropometry provides useful information on different facial features as well as population-specific variations that are crucial in forensic science and facial surgeries. The major aim of this research was to determine normal facial and orbital parameters in adult Igbos living in Enugu, Nigeria and to investigate the correlation...

DNA evidence plays a crucial role in forensic science, yet its reliability can be compromised due to degradation caused by environmental factors and the passage of time. Traditional methods for assessing DNA degradation often involve labor-intensive and time-consuming techniques, which may not provide accurate results under varied conditions. This...

Biobanks for research with human biological samples in Argentina represent a resource that has transcended the borders of scientific knowledge in areas such as forensic science (identity), social sciences and health sciences. The present work proposes to reflect on advances and challenges in the life of the Eva Perón Hospital Biobank for research w...

“Disecctio Forensis et Criminalis Psychometrico-Psychologica. Una investigación estadística nomotética aproximativa con 91 casos (con victimarios asesinos y agresores sexuales)” es una obra actualizada y ampliada que complementa a la anterior “MCMI-IV: Disección Forense de la Personalidad Criminal de Asesinos” (J.M. Bosch Editor, 2024) y la anterio...

Handwritten signature recognition in forensic science is crucial for identity and document authentication. While serving as a legal representation of a person’s agreement or consent to the contents of a document, handwritten signatures de termine the authenticity of a document, identify forgeries, pinpoint the suspects and support other pieces of e...

Forensic toxicology merges toxicology with forensic science to analyze biological specimens for drugs, alcohol, and other toxic substances. This comprehensive review discusses its principles, methodologies, applications, and challenges, emphasizing its significance in legal contexts and public health.

Di era globalisasi saat ini kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dunia bisnis menghadapi tantangan yang semakin kompleks, terutama terkait dengan penipuan dan kecurangan finansial. Menurut laporan dari Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), kerugian akibat penipuan dapat mencapai miliaran dolar setiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Di...

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into mental health care offers promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy, personalised treatment, and healthcare delivery. However, potential biases, methodological considerations, and the impact on clinical decision-making warrant critical examination of the implementation of AI in mental health p...

Abstract Weight bias, defined as negative attitudes and stereotypes directed toward individuals based on their weight, has profound implications in healthcare and legal settings. In forensic medicine, where objective assessments are critical to the pursuit of justice, weight bias can distort clinical and legal evaluations. This article examines th...

Accurate postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is critical for forensic investigations, aiding case classification and providing vital trial evidence. Early postmortem signs, such as body temperature and rigor mortis, are reliable for estimating PMI shortly after death. However, these indicators become less useful as decomposition progresses, making...

Perceptual expertise is typically domain-specific and rarely generalises beyond an expert’s domain of experience. Forensic feature-comparison examiners outperform the norm in domain-specific visual comparison, but emerging research suggests that they show advantages on other similar tasks outside their domain of expertise. For example, fingerprint...

This special edition of the E-methodology journal and conference, marking its 10th anniversary, explores the dynamic intersection of technology, science, and society. Dur- ing a decade we have seen a revolution in the meaning of “e” from being just a digi- tal version of human activity to a totally new world of LLMs (Large Language Models) and othe...

Thesis. The thesis of this article is to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methodology in forensic science. An assessment of the potential implications of AI for improving investigative processes and outcomes will also be addressed. Concept. The concept focuses on exploring the application of AI technologies in ar- eas of scie...

Digital transformation plays a significant role in the implementation of forensic activities due to significant current expansion of the body of evidence based on study of combined computer information received in the course of legal proceedings. The key areas of forensic activity digital transformation are considered. It is shown that the sizes of...

Latar Belakang: Kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan kendaraan bermotor dapat mengakibatkan korban jiwa dan kerusakan properti. Konsumsi alkohol merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab utama kecelakaan tersebut karena dapat mengganggu konsentrasi, penglihatan, dan koordinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi penggunaan alkohol se...

Fingermarks are an important form of evidence in forensic science, routinely used for identification or exclusion purposes within the criminal justice system. The increasing use of fingerprint recognition in technology and biosecurity, such as for unlocking devices and accessing banking information, highlights the need for forensic fingermark recov...

Research into transparency surrounding the teaching of anthropology in forensic science.

Background Determining the postmortem interval (PMI) accurately remains a significant challenge in forensic sciences, especially for intervals greater than 5 years (late PMI). Traditional methods often fail due to the extensive degradation of soft tissues, necessitating reliance on bone material examinations. The precision in estimating PMIs dimini...

This case study of the United Kingdom and the United States of America sheds light on the miscarriages of justice due to the improper use of forensic science. This thesis investigates the misapplication of forensic science in those countries as well as fixing the practical problem through analysis of relevant data and life-stories. The data was col...

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvisualisasikan dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat keselamatan penumpang Titanic, dengan menyoroti variabel seperti kelas penumpang, jenis kelamin, dan norma sosial. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksploratif, penelitian ini menggunakan dataset Titanic dan perangkat Python...

This paper explores the unique characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) human fingerprints, emphasizing their applications in biometrics and forensic science. We discuss the mathematical models used to capture and analyse the intricate structures of 3D fingerprints and their implications for security systems and personal identification. The paper...

Fingerprints have been established as legitimate and critical forensic science evidence for identifying criminals beginning as early as the twentieth century. This article details the different types of fingerprints, the broad range of surfaces, and various development techniques available for on-site latent fingerprint collection, with fingerprint...

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a utilização de arcos dentais como ferramenta de identificação humana na Odontologia Legal, buscando compreender sua importância e eficácia em contextos forenses complexos. A revisão foi realizada a partir de artigos retirados das bases de dados PubMed Central (PMC), Scielo - Scientific Electronic Librar...

Because of migrations, endogamy, and sociocultural relations India is rich in its genetic diversity. This review highlighted findings regarding genetic diversity from available genetic studies utilizing Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers, in India's population and relation of genetic diversity with forensic implications. Studies on populations like...

La voltamperometría es una técnica electroquímica con un amplio campo de aplicación en la determinación cuantitativa de analitos, en el análisis de caracterización y en el estudio de procesos de difusión, adsorción, reducción y oxidación. La capacidad de adaptación de esta herramienta analítica se atribuye, principalmente, a la integración de diver...

Background: diatoms are unicellular algae that have been used for more than a century for forensic purposes to diagnose drowning, with more or less success depending on the historical era. Although many years have passed, scientific research on diatoms has never ceased, which testifies to their enduring allure in forensics. Of course, diatom resear...

Science for justice is the principle of forensic science. Physical and biological evidence from crime scenes are sent to forensic science laboratories for analysis and the reports generated through analysis are important in the judiciary system. As social peace is important for society, likewise, it is also necessary to care for the environment. Th...

Handwriting can be influenced by factors like culture and native language disparities; however, the specific research to discriminate handwritten numeral characters for forensic questioned document investigation involving the diverse ethnicities (Malay, Chinese and Indian) in Malaysian population remains unreported. Despite its application in foren...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the field of DNA detection by enhancing the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of genomic analyses. Through the use of machine learning (ML), neural networks, and bioinformatics, AI algorithms can process large-scale DNA sequences, automate detection processes, and facilitate the identifi...

Di era digital, penyebaran informasi yang tidak terfilter menjadi ancaman serius bagi pelajar, terutama di SMP Muhammadiyah Kuala Simpang, di mana mereka rentan terhadap berita hoaks. Penggunaan bahasa dalam kejahatan siber, yang merupakan bagian dari kajian linguistik forensik, menunjukkan perlunya edukasi untuk mencegah penyebaran informasi palsu...

Background In the domain of forensic science, the application of kinship identification and mixture deconvolution techniques are of critical importance, providing robust scientific evidence for the resolution of complex cases. Microhaplotypes, as the emerging class of genetic markers, have been widely studied in forensics due to their high polymorp...

This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic studies, highlighting its applications in crime scene analysis, fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, and predictive policing. By examining various AI techniques, this study aims to demonstrate their effectiveness in enhancing forensic investigations and addressi...

This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic studies, focusing on machine learning algorithms, data analysis techniques, and the mathematical frameworks that underpin these technologies. We will discuss various applications of AI in forensic science, including crime scene analysis, pattern recognition, and predict...

Introduction Dental age estimation using third molars is a reliable method for estimating the age of individuals. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck has been found to be applicable for age estimation of third molar teeth. In the present study, we aimed to apply the Modified Demirjian method of age estimation to magnetic...

Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation remains an unresolved challenge in forensic science, necessitating practical, reliable and more accurate tools. This study aimed to develop a quantitative PMI estimation tool that effectively meets these needs. Focusing on the postmortem opacity development of the eye as a key marker for determining time since d...

A traditional mug shot is a front and side view of a person from the shoulder up, taken by law enforcement. Forensic science is exploring the benefit of working with 3D data offered by new technologies, and there is an increasing need to work with 3D mug shots. Among the various available techniques, a multi-view photogrammetric approach achieves t...

The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implemen...

The crime of counterfeiting counterfeit money often occurs in Indonesia. Various policies through laws and implementing regulations have been issued, but these crimes always occur. One of the processes of proving the crime of counterfeiting money is using forensic science, therefore, the author is interested in analyzing what is the role of forensi...

Biogenic silica (SiO2·nH2O), particularly in the form of microscopic phytoliths plays a crucial role in advancing archaeoenvironmental research by providing insights into plant-human interactions and broader ecological dynamics. Phytoliths (opal-A), formed through biomineralisation in terrestrial plants, especially grasses, are composed of durable...

ABSTRAKInternet merupakan bagian dari perkembangan teknologi, dimana internet memberikan banyak dampak, baik positif maupun negatif. Saat ini masalah privasi di internet juga telah menjadi sebuah permasalahan hukum yang pelik, hal ini dikarenakan cukup banyak permasalahan terkait privasi, namun tidak semua negara di dunia mengatur masalah privasi d...

A anafilaxia alimentar é um tipo de reação alérgica grave e potencialmente fatal. Seu mecanismo imunológico clássico é dependente de IgE, com participação de mastócitos e basófilos. A ocorrência da reação anafilática requer sensibilização prévia e contato subsequente com o alérgeno, ativando a desgranulação das células envolvidas. O conteúdo granul...