Foreign Policy - Science topic

There is always scepticism about the extent to which an elected member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) can meaningfully exert influence. This article reassesses how, between 2010 and 2012, Brazil, India, and South Africa tried to leverage their membership to influence UNSC decision-making processes. It addresses the Council’s dynamics...

Diploma de Experto Profesional online y abierto a todo tipo de perfil. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el papel y la influencia global de Estados Unidos, China y Rusia como actores determinantes en la configuración de las dinámicas del sistema de seguridad internacional, el reequilibrio de poderes y la emergencia de nuevas potencias. Se profundizará e...

In a globalized world, Legislative control over matters related to Mercosur and the European Union (EU) is important. However, its importance varies according to Regional Foreign Policy (RFP) decisions. This article investigates whether there are configurations, considering institutional design, political conditions, and economic factors, which exp...

Abstract In this ‘Letter to supervisor’, including a workshop presentation of an overview of his doctoral research project (appendix 1) and a letter to the Minister of State at the German Federal Foreign Office (appendix 2), the author shows the extent to which some in academia and foreign policy in Germany oppose resistance and hostility to the r...

Evento celebrado en el marco de la Feria del Libro de Guadalajara, 2024.

When the Russian President Vladimir Putin made world shocking visit to International Criminal Court member state for the first time since his arrest warrant in 2023. One of his visit purposes was to commemorate 85th anniversary of Khalkhiin gol War. After a fall of Soviet Union, Soviet-satellite country faced their own destiny to run sovereign fore...

The article sets out to analyze the manner in which Yusef Komunjakaa addresses in his poetry one of the greatest military disasters in American foreign policy ‒ the war in Vietnam‒, which he himself experienced directly, as a war correspondent. I will investigate the poet’s reliance on strong, visceral images as Komunjakaa proceeded almost like a p...

Economic sanctions are put in place by nations or international organizations (e.g., United Nations, European Union) to limit their economic ties with another state in order to coerce them to change their policies (Kobayashi, 2018). These sanctions may be in the form of travel bans or trade restrictions among others. Typically, sanctions are in sup...

Kazakistan son yıllarda Avrupa Birliği (AB) için önemli bir partner olarak kabul edilmektedir. Orta Asya'nın kalbinde bulunan bu devlet, maden zenginlikleri, ekonomik büyümesi, stratejik konumuyla, uluslararası yatırımcıları cezbetmektedir. Kazakistan'ın ekonomik dönüşümü, özellikle enerji sektöründeki reformları ve yabancı yatırımcıların ilgisini...

While the 2014 Annexation of Crimea has been presented by the scholarly literature as leading only to an incremental change in the state-building and foreign policy practices of the EU towards Ukraine, the 2022 invasion of the Russian Federation has been assessed as a critical juncture that has finally turned the EU into a geopolitical actor. The r...

Candidates for office frequently warn that the United States is falling behind its rivals. How does this rhetoric affect voters’ perceptions of their commitment to action and, in turn, potential foreign policy outcomes? The study of status in international politics has blossomed over the past decade, including a recent turn to the origins and conse...

Permeada por memorias traumáticas y recla­mos de reconocimiento y compensación del pasado colonial, la relación bilateral entre Corea del Sur y Japón experimentó tensio­nes intensas durante las administraciones de Park Geun-hye (2013-2017) y Moon Jae-in (2017-2022). Park estipuló que el reconoci­miento del pasado colonial sería un requi­sito para m...

La República de Corea busca consolidar su influencia en la agenda global de desarrollo y mantener su posición como potencia inter­media. Entre sus instrumentos de política exterior, se destaca la asistencia oficial al desarrollo (AOD), a través de la cual, además de promover su experiencia de transición de país menos desarrollado a país de renta al...

In the Slovak 2023 general election, foreign policy was of importance, as parties were divided along the pro-Western and pro-Russian fault line. Our paper analyses how the parties Smer-SD and SNS, major critics of the previous government and then current coalition members, framed foreign policy issues and events during the election campaign. We emp...

This paper examines the efforts of Albanian patriots to establish a national government following the Congress of Durrës, with the primary goal of defending the Albanian national cause. The government formed at Durrës was tasked with safeguarding the territorial integrity of Albania, both within its current borders and through the reclamation of la...

The U.S. dollar has been a cornerstone of American geopolitical influence, enabling the U.S. to impose sanctions with unparalleled effectiveness. However, BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) are actively working to de-dollarize the global economy, creating alternative systems that weaken U.S. control. As these initiatives...

The European Union (EU) is a substantial development cooperation partner for Central Asia. As Central Asia has risen in prominence on the European foreign policy radar in recent years, there is increased interest among EU member states to be engaged with the region. But on what? This policy brief outlines eight connectivity project ideas that are c...

The Australian Fabians Review focuses on progressive policy supported by empirical science. In this edition, multiple authors tackle issues of inequality with supporting research. Those authored by Paul Read cover Australian inequality metrics, domestic violence, technofeudalism and foreign policy.

In September 1957, during a Polish delegation’s visit to Belgrade, the Yugoslav leadership recognised the Oder-Neisse line as the official Polish-German border. This decision was soon followed by the establishment of diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and theGerman Democratic Republic. In response, the Federal Republic of Germany invoked the H...

This essay delves into a pivotal incident where Edward Said’s Palestinian identity collided with entrenched conservative American values, revealing the dichotomy of his dual role as a Columbia University professor and outspoken advocate for Palestinian statehood. The catalyst was a provocative article, “Edward Said Accused of Stoning in South Leban...

The explanation as to why men are more violent than women exists somewhere on the dichotomous spectrum of biological determinism versus social constructivism. There are innate differences in male hormones, brain structure and physiology that make male bodies more suited to violent situations. There are sociocultural influences, including behaviouri...

The small states' foreign policy has long been a neglected topic in academic circles because the very definition of "small state" was discussed after World War II. However, in the accelerated dynamics of the global security, foreign policy of small states is gradually gaining importance. This study aims to clarify Serbia's foreign policy orientatio...

The present article studies the Eliot Convention in the context of the British foreign policy in Spain during the First Carlist War (1833-1840). The Convention was signed by the two sides of the conflict in 1835 through the mediation of the English diplomat Lord Edward Eliot. The document stopped the reprisals against the prisoners of war during th...

In a dispensation defined by globalization and rapid technological advancements, sustainable supply chains have emerged as pivotal mechanisms for addressing the many-sided challenges encompassing economic growth, environmental sustainability, and policy alignment. This article looks into the transformative role of technology integrated supply cha...

Owing to her geographical location in Africa, Nigeria, and her African neighbours have related well since independence. It is quite noticeable that across Africa, Nigeria has always strived to maintain a cordial relationship with her neighbours. However, one question that begs for an answer is, to what extent has this practice of maintaining cordia...

Over the past decades, Syria has played an important role in Russian Mideast policy. After Hafez al-Assad came to power Syria became Russia’s major ally in the Middle East. The Russian-Syrian relations specified by multilevel character and covered all spheres of political,military,security, economic cooperation. According 6-sclause of the Soviet-Sy...

In this article, I explore the complex intersection between women's rights and religious freedom in liberal democracies, particularly focusing on the Global North. I demonstrate how both religious freedom and women’s rights have been instrumentalized by Western powers, often as tools of foreign policy. I highlight the dissonance between Western nat...

Why do states realign their foreign policies toward a major power? Conventional wisdom holds that change in political leadership tends to result in less drastic foreign policy realignment in countries with large winning coalitions. The current study capitalizes on this conventional wisdom by invoking a key insight of the selectorate theory, the non...

Sanctions have become a central tool in international diplomacy, used by governments and international bodies to influence the behavior of target states or entities. These measures, which can range from trade restrictions to asset freezes, are often deployed in response to perceived violations of international law, human rights abuses, or threats t...

Multi-vectorism as a principle of foreign policy has been implemented by the CIS countries since the mid-1990s. Over 30 years, experience has been accumulated that allows us to judge the basis of real policy and multi-vectorism as a discourse in the information field. The attitude towards multi-vectorism in the foreign policy of the post-Soviet cou...

The politics of memory is states' strategic manipulation of historical narratives to serve current political goals. This article investigates how various political regimes, including democracies and authoritarian states, use historical memory to strengthen power structures and establish political legitimacy. The concept of historical amnesia, or th...

This dissertation research aims to analyze and answer Indonesia's foreign policy towards Egypt which has been running since the time of President Soekarno to President Joko Widodo. During the time of President Soekarno, Indonesia's foreign policy towards Egypt was in a very strong or ideal position. This turns out to be different from the time of P...

تُشكل الاعمال السرية المسار التقليدي في العمل الاستخباراتي وما لها من علاقة في السياسة الخارجية بشكلٍ عام وعملية صنع القرار بشكلٍ خاص، لا سيما ان هذه الاعمال ترتبط بآليات التجسس على العمل الخارجي، من جانب أجهزة الاستخبارات وجمع المعلومات من مصادر مختلفة، على النحو الذي يمنح الدول مزايا، سواء عبر التعرف على أهداف ونيات الاطراف الخارجية الاخرى، أو عب...

There are various power-balancing strategies have been examined in the field of International Relations and Political Science scholarship. While Western powers generally tend to use hard power or hard balancing strategies, China distinguishes itself from them by often seeking power balancing through soft and normative power. Since the founding of t...

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of articles on paradiplomacy published in Scopus-indexed by analyzing the development of paradiplomacy studies, the prominent authors with the most citations, and the prominent journals containing the most paradiplomacy studies. This research used a bibliometric and content a...

Egypt has been one of the most significant countries in the Nile Basin in terms of the hydropolitics of the Nile River. Since Egypt is downstream and Ethiopia is an upstream country having main sources of the Nile waters in the basin, Egyptian water utilization has been highly dependent on the water resources that come from the Ethiopian highlands....

At an important time in foreign policy planning, a new era of “strategic competition” widely noted by policymakers in Washington and allied capitals has produced a new wave of strategic thinking and evolving strategic practices aiming to maintain or modify “international order”. This collected research report aims to clarify the how strategies for...

This research aims to analyze the potential for continuity of Indonesia-China relations in the mining and energy sectors after the 2024 elections. By using the concepts of foreign policy in developing countries and change and continuity, the author argues that the results of the 2024 elections are unlikely to change Indonesia-China relations. Minin...

This research examined the effect of Jordan's humanitarian diplomacy strategy for Syrian refugees on its foreign policy and attempted to determine whether the strategy is financially sustainable. Humanitarian diplomacy is persuading decision-makers and leaders worldwide to act at all times and in all circumstances in the best interest of vulnerable...

The essay aims at analyzing the impact of NATO and the NATO-Pakistan agreements on Turkish-Canadian relations. NATO’s relevance for the study of Turkey’s international relationships and foreign policy renders the purpose of this study important. It is also relevant to underline that within this NATO framework, Canada has had an important bilateral...

The foreign policy of non-alignment adopted by various states during the Russia-Ukraine war has been interpreted differently in the landscape of global politics. One perspective views non-alignment as tacit support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, while the other sees it as a way for countries to protect their national interests. The study explore...

This article argues that Southern Cone reactionary governments often tend to confront international and regional institutions. Evidence of this approach is found in the administrations of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil (2019–22) and Javier Milei in Argentina (2023–), exhibiting various forms of confrontation. The analysis highlights two primary explanati...

The article studies the issues of interaction between the constituent entities of Russia and international organizations, the importance of this type of international cooperation for the socio-economic development of the regions and for the implementation of the Russian foreign policy. The possibilities of participation of the constituent entities...

This research essay outlines three major events in the US-Iran relationship deterioration including the 1979 Islamic revolution, the Iranian hostage crisis and the Iran-Contra scandal. I focus on how these three events shaped US foreign policy decisions towards Iran and why they were key to the narrative at the time. To do this, one must have an un...

How can a nation so committed to be a leading democracy abroad struggle with inequality and unrest at home? The post-World War II era was significant for the U.S. and their powerful position in the world. By establishing significant security strategies primarily aiming to stop communism, evolved to even broader and stronger global ambitions. The tr...

Türkiye pursues an effective and assertive foreign policy as a decisive power in the transformations in the regional security architecture in its immediate basin. It is a generally accepted idea today that foreign policy moves are parts of an interconnected and systemic strategy rather than individual initiatives. Recently, the basin extending from...

After the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, many Ukrainian artists (mainly women) were forced to leave. Among them were playwrights and theatre directors. One of the leading countries in which they sought refuge was Poland. There, they began to organize their theatrical projects or were included in the activities of Polish...

We are honored and pleased to present to the scientific public the fourth edition of the Yearbook of the Serbian Association of International Law (SILA), the national branch of the International Law Association (ILA). The Yearbook of SILA is a thematic proceeding of scientific works of international importance that is published annually. Publicatio...

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, new foreign policy options have emerged for Ankara such as Turkish Eurasianism. For this doctrine, thanks to possessing specific geographical location and other specific features, Türkiye should not restrict itself to Western-oriented policies and Ankara should extend the scope its horizons ran...

The purpose of this article is to study various factors of Russia's foreign policy in the South Caucasus during the 44-Day Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) war of 2020 and in the postwar period. Russia's mediation efforts to end the war in Nagorno-Karabakh and establish peace are considered. Particular attention is paid to the deployment of Russian peace...

Este artículo tiene como objetivo cuestionar la presencia de la República Popular China en la economía ecuatoriana a partir de considerar que China, lejos de garantizar una mayor autonomía al aparato productivo de Ecuador, reproduce las relaciones económicas y políticas asimétricas en alianza con las élites locales del país sudamericano. El artícul...

As a former colony of Japan, South Koreas relationship with Japan has always been ambivalent. South Korea did form an alliance with Japan through the alliance with the United States and a geopolitical situation, but tension remained due to historical grievances between the two countries. In recent years, populist South Koreans have demanded the gov...

Although air transport is indispensable to modern society, we know little about the diplomatic efforts that establish airline services. Nonetheless, aviation features prominently in the spectrum of international relations: in conflicts between states, for example, the suspension of landing rights is one of the first acts to symbolize serious disc...

Until recently, official diplomatic positions of ambassador, envoy and diplomat, were male-dominated. In the 19th century, institutions, such as ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) and embassies were made to be masculinized and to accommodate men and male roles. Starting in the 20th century, the diplomatic office was not only opened to women, but...

The Taiwan issue has been one of the most important areas of American foreign policy since the 50s of the twentieth century. In order to reveal the true essence of this problem, and thereby find out the role of the United States in this problem, we should look at the results of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. It was then that the island began t...

470+571) Ілюк Т. В. ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ ТА КУЛЬТУРНОЇ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ РОСІЇ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ: ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ «РОССПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА» Дослідження діяльності Федерального агентства у справах СНД, співвітчизників, які поживають за кордоном і з міжнародної гуманітарної співпраці Російської Федерації «Росспівробітництво», що являється ключовим гравцем в систе...

The diplomatic efforts made by the US State Department may influence military and economic alliances, the likelihood of conflict, and peaceful mediation. To understand the diplomatic priorities and relationships of each administration and the US in general, this paper provides a quantitative analysis of the destinations of the secretary of State fr...

Este artículo examina la transformación de la política exterior venezolana durante la era del “Punto Fijo” (1958-1998), centrándose en el giro hacia vínculos más estrechos con las naciones sudamericanas. Tradicionalmente, el enfoque regional de Venezuela se concentraba en las regiones andina y caribeña. Sin embargo, la década de los noventa presenc...

While the knowledge that identities matter is reasonably consolidated in International Relations, the evaluation of how identities matter and how they work in setting the boundaries of political actions is still a work in progress. The present article connects this debate with International Political Sociology (IPS) by bringing Bourdieu’s concepts...

This article is a theoretical consideration of the New Silk Road (NSR) project as in an attempt to reconcile the classical geopolitical concepts of continental power by Halford J. Mackinder and Nicolas Spykman and maritime power by Alfred T. Mahan. Indeed, in geopolitical terms, the project is yet another attempt in history to create a land-sea pow...

This paper examines Qatar's use of soft power by shedding light on national imperatives for adopting a soft power approach to foreign policy making. The paper approaches soft power from an interdisciplinary perspective to show how the State of Qatar has developed the finely tuned foreign policy since the failed coup in 1996. Being a small state in...

What if the quest for recognition, not power, rank or security, were the overriding objective of foreign policies? What if practices of recognition both empower and subjugate by fixing identities and reproducing the terms upon which agents become recognisable in the first place? Can recognition as encounter become the diplomatic task of, and condit...

President Erdoğan is a colorful figure on the international arena and his actions are multidirectional and multifaceted. Hence, the aim of the article is to analyze the tactics used by Erdoğan in foreign policy and to attempt a forecast for the years 2024-2040 regarding the position of Türkiye in the world. The following methods were used: deductio...

This article seeks to decipher Indonesia’s role as a norm entrepreneur for the norms of amity and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region by employing the conceptual framework of the “norm life cycle” developed by Finnemore and Sikkink and Holbraad’s avail of regional initiatives for middle powers. It argues that in contrast to existing literature t...

Diplomacy is a determining factor in foreign policy, the main goal of which is to preserve peace by preventing conflicts. Diplomacy in the narrow sense refers to relations between countries, while in the broader sense it is conducted by international organisations, such as the UN, EU organisations, etc. For decades, diplomatic relations between Hun...

It has been argued among men of letters that war is inevitable in human society, that war is so much weaved into the fabric of our being, that it always was and always will continue to be. Humans, sadly, have been at peace for only 8 percent of the past 3,400 years of recorded history. According to a Spanish-born American philosopher, George Santay...

Both hard and soft power are important in promoting China's dominance. It is possible to argue that China has risen significantly in terms of economic and financial measurement criteria over the last 30 years, developing and increasing its hard power. The nation has substantially increased its soft power at the regional and global levels due to its...

The aim of the publication is to reconstruct Pope Francis’ communication strategies and image in the context of the migration crises in Europe in the 2010s and early 2020s. The author’s attention is focussed on the Pope’s statements concerning the influx of refugees and migrants from Africa and the Middle East into the European Union and assessing...

Multilateral treaties are an important feature of diplomacy and international law. Despite often being perceived as a latter-day Hermit Kingdom, North Korea has joined certain multilateral treaties. This paper is a survey of some of those treaties. The purpose of this paper is to glean insights into the development of Pyongyang’s foreign policy ove...

We examine the ideas shaping Javier Milei's foreign policy within the broader context of the global rise of the new far-right. Our argument is that Milei's rhetoric and stance align with this global far-right movement, characterized by cultural conservatism and a deep skepticism towards global governance. However, this global scenario only tells pa...

Turkey’s domestic and foreign policy agendas have long been dominated by the state survival politics (‘Beka Meselesi’ in Turkish). This survival logic is so powerful as it gravitates around collective anxieties and their re-production since the beginning of the early Republican period, the separation of Turkey along ethnic lines being the most dist...

The COVID-19 pandemic has led China and the United States (US) to donate vaccines. This article explores how and why China and the US instrumentalise bilateral donations in their foreign policy strategies. While humanitarian concerns matter, political and economic interests push them to a more strategic reasoning. To test our hypotheses of humanita...

The Unipolar status that has been predominantly dominated by the US global economic, strategic, political and technological hegemony since the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, is being recently challenged and confronted by both the US domestic politics and the re-emergence of other powers such as the BRICS bloc. Trump’s victory in 2016 follo...

تناقش هذه الأطروحة صعود الصين كقوة عظمى وتأثير هذا الصعود على المصالح الاستراتيجية للولايات المتحدة في جنوب شرق آسيا، تعتمد الدراسة على تحليل عميق للسياسات الخارجية الصينية منذ بداية الألفية الثالثة، مع التركيز على فترة حكم الرئيس "شي جينبينغ"، ويتم تناول العلاقات الثنائية بين الصين ودول جنوب شرق آسيا من منظور استراتيجي، مع تحليل لدور مبادرة "الحزا...

Even if the works dedicated to European diplomacy from the period 1939–1940 are extremely numerous, the research we propose allows us to identify a less common approach, but which can provide more clarity on the diplomatic resources that generated the well-known events in 1939. We opted for an analysis focused on a somewhat novel angle, that of the...

Racial/ethnic issues are the first element in the study of American population and society, and they are also a key for Chinese people to understand the external world, especially the national/electoral conditions of the United States. This article reviews the profiles of Native Americans, Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians as racial...

The evolving international system places significant pressure on Belgium’s multilateral policymaking. This Egmont Policy Brief advocates for a revamping of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ resources to enhance coordination, ensuring coherence in Belgium’s foreign policy and preserving the country’s international influence.

While discussing foreign affairs and security issues of countries and formulating policies, benefiting from the views and experiences of professionals actively engaged in these fields can make significant contributions. This is especially true for a country like Türkiye, which is located in a highly dynamic and complex geography in terms of fo...

The United States plays a crucial role in shaping global health through its policy decisions and engagements. Historically, bipartisan support underpinned U.S. involvement in multilateral and bilateral global health initiatives in advancing its national health, security interests, and foreign policy. However, recent decades have witnessed increased...

This paper examines the different approaches of the United States foreign policy towards the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine conflicts by comparing similar cases in both of the conflicts. The United States, who have been actively criticizing Russia for violating rules-based order and humanitarian values in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have not...

Since the outbreak of the Arab unrest, sectarian politics has become more pronounced throughout the West Asian region which is reflected in the growing polarisation of society and politics on narrow sectarian lines. Rulers have adopted sectarian approaches as a measure to secure their regimes. Opposition forces have also united themselves on the ba...

This study examines Nepal's political and historical relationship with India, focusing on key events that shaped their interactions. The purpose is to analyze how Nepal navigated its geopolitical challenges between India and China, particularly in the context of its foreign policies from the 18th century to the post-2006 revolution period. Using a...

Geopolitics is the study of how Earth's geography both physical and human, affects politics and international relations. The Ancient Greek terms γῆ (gê), which means "earth, land," and πoλιτική (politikḗ), which means "politics," are the source of the term "geopolitics.". It is an academic discipline that studies how a nation's size, location, clim...

Conventional wisdom holds that open, collaborative, and transparent organizations are innovative. But some of the most radical innovations—satellites, lithium-iodine batteries, the internet—were conceived by small, secretive teams in national security agencies. Are these organizations more innovative because of their secrecy, or in spite of it? We...

Religion has a quantifiable role in shaping Foreign Policies and failing to acknowledge this would undermine the scope and effectivity of the discipline of IR. This study attempts to put Religion as an important factor in the decision-making process, which defines and orients a state's foreign policy. This paper aims to inspect, establish, and anal...

In November, the United States (US) presidential election witnessed the world’s eyes on the results, and former President Donald Trump once again snatched the win from his opponent Kamala Harris. The historical return of the President has several implications for the world. The most significant implications are about the foreign policy strategies o...

Science diaspora networks (SDNs) are integral to science diplomacy and pivotal in tackling local, regional, and global challenges. Given the increasing mobility and connectivity in today's world, these groups play a key role in building partnerships and promoting bilateral benefits through research and development. Our objectives in this study were...

This research literature review critically examines the role of U.S. President Harry S. Truman in the onset of the Cold War, analyzing key policies such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and his approach to post-World War II diplomacy. The project explores contrasting perspectives, including the impact of Soviet expansionism and American f...

Neutrality is not only an imperative of the state's foreign policy, but also part of the Austrians' national identity and self-awareness, which was reflected in the process of making foreign policy decisions. In addition, the understanding of neutrality varied according to the international situation and Austria's interests. If at the beginning dur...

The rapid advancement of technology highlights the emerging rivalry between the United States and China, particularly in 5G employment. U.S. sanctions on Chinese 5G technologies put significant pressure on Brazil, which seeks to balance foreign influences while advancing its re-industrialization plan. This study uses an institutionalist approach to...

Azerbaijan in the system of international relations (XV-XVI centuries) The study of the Azerbaijani statehood, diplomatic traditions and rich foreign policy of our forefathers acquire significant importance in the modern stage of Azerbaijan Republic’s foreign policy development. The monograph called “Azerbaijan in the system of international relat...

Modality reflects the speaker's position, attitude or evaluation of the situation. This study collected American foreign policy discourse on China human rights to create two small corpora. Three types of modality are compared to reveal the hidden ideology behind political discourse. It is found that: (1) the proportion of modalities in Obama's corp...

Due to limited material and geopolitical factors, the agency of small states is limited in international politics. As such, these states may seek to mitigate such weaknesses through status-seeking, adopting peculiar foreign policy approaches or international commitments to signal to more powerful actors about specific political or normative affinit...

The article analyzes the image of Germany, which was formed by the journalists of the domestic daily newspaper “Russian invalid” in 1914–1915, when the Russian Empire was in active military confrontation with the states of the Triple (later Quadruple) Alliance in the European Theater of Operations, and Germany was its main and most dangerous enemy...

The monograph is devoted to the study of various aspects of the political, economic and sociocultural development of the Italian Republic, the changes of its foreign policy in the context of the current crisis of the international order, security challenges and development issues. A team of authors examines in detail the features of the internal po...

The relational equations between the world’s largest and oldest democracies have been marked by complexities and bitterness on various issues during the entire Cold War period. After the end of the Cold War, two estranged democracies changed their pattern of relationship to fulfilling their national interests. The disintegration of the erstwhile So...