Football - Science topic

Take a deep dive into four European football clubs that are widely known as '"Jew Clubs."' Though none of these football clubs are explicitly Jewish, learn how they have become arenas for negotiating ideas about Jewishness and antisemitism in contemporary European society. In The Making of "Jew Clubs", author Pavel Brunssen uses FC Bayern Munich,...

Introduction: Small sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are two different training method used to improve performance of soccer players. Aim: To compare the effects of an 8-week training intervention using SSG combined with running-based HIIT (SSG+HIIT) versus running-based HIIT alone (HIIT) on the physical f...

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the consumption of dietary supplements (DS) in semi-professional male and professional female Spanish football players. Methods: The study involved 129 football players (92 men and 37 women) who completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire on the use of DS in athletes. Results: The resu...

The Spanish women’s national football team won, for the first time ever, the World Cup in 2023. The subsequent extra-sporting events moved the national media debates: from some initial messages of patriotic glory to the reports and feminist claims of the women footballers, which prompted the disorientation of some male sports journalists. In this c...

Background: In recent years, women's soccer has gained worldwide prominence. The number of players has increased considerably, as has the quality and competitiveness of the championships. As soccer is a contact sport, the characteristics of the sport itself have led to a high occurrence of injuries. The growing number and severity of injuries in sp...

Background: Football team love represents the strong emotional bond and loyalty fans have towards their football clubs. This affection goes beyond game-day support, reflecting a deep connection with the team’s values, history, and culture. Understanding the factors influencing this emotional attachment, especially in the context of the Malaysia Sup...

Like the temperance, youth and labour movements, the sport movement was a nation-building mass movement. The Swedish sport movement was driven by certain ideals (e.g. patriotism), even if they were not always explicit. Sport leaders rarely discussed their ideological foundations but relied on the 'power of example', i.e. competition and showcasing,...

The Royal league tournament was launched in the format of a Scandinavian equivalent to the UEFA Champions League, consisting of the highest ranked teams from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The aim of the tournament was to enhance the performative competence of the Scandinavian teams by offering them with competitive opposition during winter months whe...

This study investigates how effectively European football clubs communicate and implement accessibility features for disabled fans, aiming to develop a comprehensive framework for evaluating these practices. Using a multi-phase research design, the study analyzes disability support systems through semi-structured interviews with representatives fro...

Trump manterá Copa do Mundo, mas poderá dispensar México e Canadá, diz analista Donald Trump usa réplica da taça da Copa do Mundo de Futebol para ameaçar Canadá e México a perderem o direito de sediar o evento junto com os Estados Unidos em 2026.

Soccer clubs employ multidisciplinary sport science teams (MDT) to facilitate and enhance player development and performance. Without a shared framework in an MDT, guiding a coordinated and integrated approach, the support mechanisms adopted may be disjointed, reductionist and fragmented, impeding communication, and leading to ineffective athlete d...

In contemporary sports science, the integration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) has revolutionized athlete performance monitoring, offering insights into training load management and injury risk mitigation. The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) has emerged as a pivotal metric, indicating the balance between acute training stress and...

Fraise mowing has traditionally been used as an aggressive cultural practice for bermudagrass thatch management in golf and sports turf settings. Despite expanded applications, its effect on edaphic characteristics has yet to be thoroughly explored. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical properties of two soil types beneath establi...

The rapid rise in elite women’s football has increased the demand for female specific research to enable more accurate and appropriate assessments of tactical performance. Thereby, this study aimed to describe goal scoring in relation to different attacking styles during a Women’s Super League (WSL) season. Specifically, 1179 attacking sequences le...

The PageRank model has been applied in sport ranking systems; however, prior implementations exhibited limitations and failed to produce valid rankings. This study analyzed 1,466 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 football games and developed a novel, modified PageRank model. We also proposed an artificial intelligence-based...

Online communities play a critical role in shaping societal discourse and influencing collective behavior in the real world. The tendency for people to connect with others who share similar characteristics and views, known as homophily, plays a key role in the formation of echo chambers which further amplify polarization and division. Existing work...

The availability of tracking data in football presents unique opportunities for analyzing team shape and player roles, but leveraging it effectively remains challenging. This difficulty arises from the significant overlap in player positions, which complicates the identification of distinct roles and team formations. In this work, we propose a nove...

The Science of Strength and Conditioning for Football summaries the current scientific evidence in the field for the sport. This evidence serves as a rationale for the decisions practitioners make with their football players, to monitor and develop training programs that will help drive improvements in the relevant physical capacities for the game....

The aim of the study was to evaluate conventional ultrasound (US) as a radiation‐free alternative to X‐ray for determining biological age (BA; indicated by skeletal age). BA, was determined in 24 healthy, male, elite youth soccer goalkeepers around peak height velocity (11–16 years of age) using both X‐ray and conventional US scans of the left hand...

In environments like the RoboCup Middle Size League (MSL), precise and rapid localisation of robots is crucial for effective autonomous interaction. This study addresses the limitations of conventional localisation approaches—often based on single-camera systems or sensors such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and infrared—by developing a rob...

In modern soccer, strategy and tactics significantly impact team success. In this study, the application of these methodologies within the domain of association soccer is examined, with a particular focus on predicting team strategies via team trend analysis. Using a dataset comprising matches from the top five European soccer leagues, we analyzed...

This paper reviews the principles employed to identify team tactical formations in association football, covering over two decades of research based on event and tracking data. It first defines formations and discusses their history and importance. It then introduces the preprocessing and team/position-level principles. Preprocessing includes match...

The timing of the adolescent growth spurt (i.e. peak height velocity [PHV]) varies greatly, causing significant differences in maturity-related anthropometric and physical development among chronologically age-categorised youth soccer players. These differences can lead to a maturity-selection bias favouring early maturing players. Using fifty-thre...

Introducción: El fútbol femenino está aún en crecimiento, después que en 1991 se anunciara la Primera Copa Mundial de Fútbol Femenina, en algunos países todavía los hombres y las mujeres futbolistas no tienen las mismas condiciones para jugar profesionalmente y esa situación se puede transmitir a través del cine documental Metodología: Cualitativa,...

The purpose of the research is to understand the impact of English Premier League CSR campaigns on Indians. In this research, the main focus is on the two major campaigns of the organization ‘No Room for Racism’ and ‘Rainbow Laces and Armband’ and ‘Rainbow Captain’s Armband’ campaign, campaigns that were advocated to make football a safe place and...

This study examined factors affecting spectator attendance at professional women's soccer matches in South Africa. The study is descriptive and correlational in nature following a quantitative research approach. The target population comprised spectators of professional women's soccer in Gauteng province. A snowball sampling technique was used to i...

Sports analytics has become both more professional and sophisticated, driven by the growing availability of detailed performance data. This progress enables applications such as match outcome prediction, player scouting, and tactical analysis. In soccer, the effective utilization of event and tracking data is fundamental for capturing and analyzing...

The introduction of the semi-professional Australian Rules Football League for Women (AFLW) in 2017 was indicative of a broader ‘boom’ for women and girls’ sport in Australia. The ‘boom’ promised not only newly created, or enhanced, professional pathways for elite women athletes but also a commensurate change in the community sport landscape, backe...

There has been rapid growth in women’s football worldwide; however, research on injury prevention strategies and physiological considerations specific to female athletes remains insufficient. Women’s football has experienced an increase in injury prevalence, despite being underrepresented in sports literature, with less than 25% of research focused...

This research seeks to find out if there is a relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance as measured by return on assets, debt equity ratio, and the current ratio. The primary focus of this work is on the 25 English Premier League clubs that were registered with the Charity Commission UK from 2018 to 2021....

Football players, particularly in youth leagues, face a high risk of lower limb injuries due to improper movement pa=erns. While programs like FIFA 11+ help reduce injuries, they lack real-time, personalized feedback for biomechanical correction. This concept protocol outlines the development of a DAid ® smart socks-based biofeedback system that in...

This paper introduces the first Expected Possession Value (EPV) benchmark and a new and improved EPV model for football. Through the introduction of the OJN-Pass-EPV benchmark, we present a novel method to quantitatively assess the quality of EPV models by using pairs of game states with given relative EPVs. Next, we attempt to replicate the result...

Introduction. Starting from the shortcomings found from previous studies regarding the relationship between physical factors and technical abilities in football, so the background for us to make this research. Purpose. This study aims to determine the relationship between waist flexibility and long passing ability in Tunas Putra Payakumbuh Football...

This paper explores the Relative Age Effect (RAE) after nearly 40 years since its initial examination in sports. Two original studies identified significant participation differences between relatively older and younger players in age-grouped elite hockey and soccer. In the current study, we replicate the original analyses using 2023 data. By compa...

Cyclops syndrome is one of the specific causes of loss of extension of the knee following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The syndrome is manifested by progressive loss of terminal extension, anterior knee pain and altered gait biomechanics caused by a fibrous nodule of granulation tissue that is located anteriorly along the graft,...

There has been growing interest in understanding the injury profiles of young female soccer players due to their increasing participation in the sport and the unique risk factors they face. This narrative review examines the incidence, mechanisms, and location of injuries in this population, alongside the primary risk factors and effective preventi...

In this manuscript, we concentrate on a specific type of covariates, which we call statistically enhanced, for modeling tennis matches for men at Grand slam tournaments. Our goal is to assess whether these enhanced covariates have the potential to improve statistical learning approaches, in particular, with regard to the predictive performance. For...

This study investigated the impact of acute bouts of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on thyroid hormone levels and to delineate potential gender-specific variations in these responses among young amateur soccer players. Eight female (age: 20±0.31 years, height: 162.3±1.72 cm, body weight: 54.6±2.6 kg, BMI: 20.6±0.4 kg/m2) and eight male (ag...

Objectives: Using a repeated-measures design, we investigated reported symptoms, oculomotor, and neurophysiological responses for up to 26 days following a sports-related concussion. Methods: Over the course of one season, 115 athletes (mean age 26.2 SD 5.4 years) from one football team (f=28, m=37) and one ice hockey team (f=21, m=29) were assesse...

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of surgical and non-surgical rehabilitation programs on anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in team sports athletes, such as football, basketball, and handball. The methodology used was the descriptive-analytical approach using objective measures. The study included a sample of 6...

Sport science is a popular area for university study and a sought-after field for employment. Employment opportunities in elite sport are few, thus a surplus of sport science university graduates seek employment often in community-level sport exists. Community sports coaches can be a gateway to the employment of sport science professionals, however...

QA (Q angle) is the line between the combined traction of the quadriceps and the patellar tendon and is associated with the biomechanical function of the lower extremity. The reason we're focusing on the Q angle in women in particular is that we think that in studies women show a higher average QA than men and can give a lot of ideas as a simple pr...

Repetitive head trauma in sports, particularly concussions, has been strongly associated with neurocognitive impairments, including depression, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and altered brain function. These injuries can have significant consequences on major cognitive processes, such as learning and memory. This review synthesizes resear...

(1) Background: Body characteristics and physical skills affect field performance, and longitudinal improvements of these features allow one to join elite teams. This pilot study aims to investigate longitudinal changes (30 months) in 24 adolescent football players of an elite Italian club. (2) Methods: Participants were clustered according to thei...

This entry explores the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the football industry, highlighting the challenges, adaptations, and long-term implications for clubs across all levels. It examines the industry’s financial fragility, particularly for clubs reliant on matchday revenue, while showcasing adaptive strategies such as digital engagem...

Cet article se propose d'explorer l'influence de la digitalisation des communications des groupes de supporters ultras marocains sur la gouvernance des clubs de football. Dans un contexte où le football est à la fois une arène sociale et économique au Maroc, les ultras jouent un rôle de plus en plus important non seulement dans la dynamique de sout...

Background and Objectives: This study analyzes the effects of proprioceptive training on the physical fitness and soccer-specific technical skills of young professional soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male professional soccer players from the Türkiye Football Federation’s Third League, aged 20.46 ± 1.60 years (average), particip...

Albert Camus the French Algerian lived a short but action filled life; from losing his father when he was just one year old to the poverty he experienced in his grandmother's house where he grew up after his father's passage. From suffering from tuberculosis at a time its cure was still uncertain to his brilliance in school, his love for football,...

To examine training load and official match locomotor demands of top-class soccer players during a full competitive season and to evaluate their association. Twenty-five top-class soccer players competing in UEFA international competitions were included. The season was divided into two different categories: two matches (M2) or three matches (M3) in...

Purpose: This study examined vertical ground reaction forces and their association towards supporting brief and prolonged musculoskeletal performance in female adolescent soccer players. Methods: Twenty female soccer players with an age of 19.6 1.3 (y) including 3-goal keepers, 9-defenders, 4-mid-fielders, and 4-forwards, were examined once per-mon...

Data-driven match analysis in soccer is a growing discipline in both research and practice. However, public data is scarce, which raises the barrier for entering this field and decreases reproducibility of methods and results. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a dataset of official match information, event, and position data from seven matche...

This study explores market value depreciation among soccer players across the top five European leagues, addressing a critical gap in the sports finance literature by focusing on post-prime valuation dynamics. Leveraging a dataset from the 2023/2024 season, player market values and attributes sourced from Transfermarkt and Sportmonks were analyzed...

In ball game sports, binocular visual function is important for accurately perceiving the distance of various objects in visual space. However, the temporal coordination of binocular eye movements during saccades has not been investigated extensively in athletes. The purpose of the present study was to compare the characteristics found in the inter...

This study investigated the effects of a 10-week plyometric training program on sprint performance, reactive power, and biomechanical muscle properties in soccer players. Twenty soccer players were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10). Both groups maintained their regular weekly training, with the experime...

Background: There are significant improvements in agility when an 4-weeks four days a week Core strength Exercise program is implemented to the football players' regular training program. The core strength exercise help to improve the dynamic balance and muscle coordination between lower and upper extremities, as well as reducing injury risk and mu...

Background: Carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOmr), a nutritional intervention for delaying fatigue and meeting the energy demands of soccer, and the motivational strategy of coach encouragement (CE) are widely recognized as effective approaches for enhancing athletic performance in soccer. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of CHOmr +...

Introduction: The study aimed to describe the practices and perspectives of Czech football coaches regarding the monitoring of players' training load and physical performance, with a focus on identifying key barriers and preferred sources of information. Methods: A total of 235 football coaches completed an online survey comprehending training load...

: Background: Quantitative evaluation of myocardial function traditionally relies on parameters such as ejection fraction and strain. Strain, reflecting the relative change in the length of a myocardial segment over the cardiac cycle, has been extensively studied in various cardiac pathologies over the past two decades. However, the absolute length...

Every season, coaches develop their athletes’ knowledge and skills and provide youth with the opportunity to experience the spirit of the game. Many of your local and regional teams will not make it to the final game played in a coveted arena. However, the power of sport is more than wins and losses. Youth involved in sports reap several physical,...

Background: The pursuit of excellence in sports often drives athletes to maintain rigorous dietary and physical standards, sometimes leading to disordered eating patterns like orthorexia nervosa. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between perfectionism, body composition, and the risk of orthorexia among young soccer players....

This study aimed to investigate the perception of soccer strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches on the importance of upper body (UB) strength training for the performance of high-intensity actions (HIA) (i.e., sprinting, repeated sprint ability, change of direction, and jumping) in professional soccer players, and to identify current practices wit...

Objective: To investigate the knowledge and prevalence of dental trauma among amateur soccer players in a Brazilian subpopulation. Material and Methods: The players responded to a 20-item questionnaire on personal characteristics and the prevalence, education, and management of dental injuries between June and August 2023. Five questions with a fiv...

Introduction: Research in women's football and the use of new game analysis tools have developed significantly in recent years. The objectives of this study were to create two predictive classification models to forecast the occurrence of a shot or a goal in the FIFA Women's World Cup 2023 and to identify the associated technical-tactical indicator...

This study was carried out to explore the mechanism between athlete participation and team cohesion for adolescent school soccer players. We examined the mediating role of athlete engagement and collective self-esteem between athlete participation and team cohesion for adolescent soccer players. A comprehensive investigation of 1659 primary and mid...

Football’s inherent volatility and low-scoring nature present unique challenges for predicting outcomes. This study investigates the efficacy of Wisdom of the Crowd in forecasting football match outcomes as well as expected goals (XG) across a Premier League season. Participants predicted team goal counts, which were then compared to actual expecte...

A basic right of every human being is to choose the citizenship they want. In every country's constitution regulates how everyone can have citizenship in their country. In the world of sports, especially football, every country in the world wants to participate in the World Cup competition organized by FIFA. And also football players take part in t...

Plain Language Summary The article explores the intersection of sports management and human capital within the context of professional football. By analyzing panel data from five prominent European football leagues (England, Germany, Italy, Spain, and France) spanning from the 2009/10 to 2018/19 seasons, the study investigates the impact of domesti...

Citation: Timnea-Florescu, A.-C.; Dinulescu, A.; Prejmereanu, A.; Timnea, O.C.; Nemes, A.F.; Nemes, R.M. The Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Physical Performance in Adolescent Male Soccer Players Infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients 2025, 17, 527. Abstract: Background/Objectives: The impact of the COVID-19 infection on athletes was reported to...

This paper defines stubbornness as an optimal feedback Nash equilibrium within a dynamic setting. Stubbornness is treated as a player-specific parameter, with the team’s coach initially selecting players based on their stubbornness and making substitutions during the game according to this trait. The payoff function of a soccer player is evaluated...

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ice Compression For Fitness (ICEFIT) on reducing heart rate, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and fatigue index in soccer athletes after performing speed endurance training. Materials and methods. A total of 34 male students from the Football Coaching Department at the State University of Surab...