Flood Risk - Science topic

Flood maps based on Earth Observation (EO) data inform critical decision-making in almost every stage of the disaster management cycle, directly impacting the ability of affected individuals and governments to receive aid as well as informing policies on future adaptation. However, flood map validation also presents a challenge in the form of class...

Land subsidence poses a critical global challenge, particularly in low-lying, densely populated, and economically significant delta regions. While climate change drives sea-level rise, much of the contemporary relative sea-level rise is attributed to accelerated land subsidence caused by groundwater overexploitation. This leads to severe environmen...

Flood risk mapping is essential for improving disaster management and preparedness, typically evaluated as the combination of flood hazards and potential consequences determined by vulnerability and exposure assessments. This study introduces a comprehensive flood risk assessment (FRA) framework designed for dense suburban areas by integrating floo...

Urban flooding is a widespread and impactful natural hazard, presenting considerable challenges to urban areas. Integrating peri-urban forests (PUFs) into flood management strategies has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate flood hazards. Citizen engagement in PUF management can enhance flood risk reduction efforts. A notable research gap ex...

Machine learning (ML) models can simulate flood risk by identifying critical non-linear relationships between flood damage locations and flood risk factors (FRFs). To explore it, Tampa Bay, Florida, is selected as a test site. The study's goal is to simulate flood risk and identify dominant FRFs using historical flood damage data as target variable...

Located in a humid tropical monsoon region, Gin River Basin is frequently exposed to adverse flood impacts. Flood exposure assessments extending beyond traditional hazard assessments are crucial to understand these impacts. We examined flood hazard and exposure dynamics during three flood events in the basin, simulating flood hazard using the rainf...

The increasing flood risk in urban areas, driven by rising urbanization and climate change, underscores the need for accurate representation of buildings and urban features in flood hydrodynamic models. This study investigates the impact of different building representation techniques on flood hydrodynamic and impact modeling, using the 2021 flood...

The flood intensity in the Upper Citarum River is very high, primarily because the Upper Citarum Watershed is a vast lowland area flanked by highlands to the north and south. An economic impact valuation is needed to calculate the losses caused by the high flood risk in this area. To support this valuation, flood inundation modeling is essential. T...

Damage and disruption from flooding have rapidly escalated over recent decades. Knowing who and what is at risk, how these risks are changing, and what is driving these changes is of immense importance to flood management and policy. Accurate predictions of flood risk are also critical to public safety. However, many high‐profile research studies r...

Flooding has been of utmost importance due to its potential to cause significant harm to society and put human lives at risk. With climate change exacerbating the issue, the topic is becoming more pertinent. This study aims to contribute to evaluating the role human factors play in responding to flood risk phenomena. By using a sociopsychological c...

Flood protection infrastructures are crucial for enhancing the resilience of societies exposed to natural hazards. Newly designed infrastructures are evaluated for sustainability using a coherent and internationally recognized method defined by the International Hydropower Association (IHA). However, in operation, old structures require a different...

With the intensification of climate change and human activities, the impacts of land use shifts on hydrological processes are becoming more pronounced, especially in regions with complex geographic, geological, and climatic conditions such as the Northeast Black Soil Region, China. This study quantitatively examines the variations in various land u...

The objective of this study is to redesign and revitalize the Veracruz Park in Puyo, Pastaza, through an exhaustive diagnosis of the current state of the park and the implementation of gray, green and blue infrastructure to improve its scenic image and functionality. Using an experimental and descriptive research methodology, the plant components o...

Because of its low-lying terrain, enormous river network, fast urbanization, and the consequences of climate change, flooding is a frequent and destructive issue in the Greater Port Harcourt Area (GPHA), Rivers State, Nigeria. Because GPHA is located in the Niger Delta, an area with a complicated hydrological system of rivers, streams, and wetlands...

The approach to flooding in the U.S. is strongly influenced by research and practices that place the responsibility for managing risk on scientific and technical experts. But there is a recognition that the public generally needs to be more engaged and responsible. There is currently a disconnect between the objective knowledge of experts and the m...

The Pechora is the greatest river of the European Russian Arctic, flowing into the Barents Sea. Its estuarine area includes a vast delta, represented by extensive lowlands that are dissected by the complicated network of arms and branches. Despite the Pechora Delta is considered to be microtidal, tides with a range of 0.5–1 m during the low water p...

Extreme rainfall-induced events adversely affect agriculture, infrastructure, and socioeconomic development in a region. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of their occurrences and past and future variability in the context of global warming is imperative, especially at the fine temporal (sub-daily) and spatial (local to regional) scales for...

Flooding poses a significant risk to transportation networks, especially in flood-prone regions like Montpelier, Vermont. Effective evacuation planning is crucial for minimizing the impacts of such disasters, ensuring that residents can safely and efficiently evacuate to safe areas. This study introduces a novel approach to flood-resilient transpor...

This research had objectives in this study were; 1) To study the flooding disaster risk in Dan Makham Tia District from The Geographic Information Systems and 2) To analyze the vulnerable areas on flooding in Dan Makham Tia District from the Geographic Information System. This research used research tools include interviews and a vulnerability fact...

Urban density significantly increases the multi-hazard risks caused by extreme weather events. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries, flood damages in urban areas are considerable and have shown a consistent annual increase. This challenge has prompted innovative educational responses to address the growing need for understanding and m...

When planning and constructing water infrastructure, rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are frequently utilized in design of culverts, storm drains, and flood barriers etc. However, increased greenhouse gas emissions are causing climate change, which influences the frequency, length, and severity of rainfall episodes. Reducing the r...

The modelling of rainfall-runoff simulation is of great importance for assessment of runoff quantities from rainfall data which is essential for optimizing water storage and mitigating flood hazards. One of the contemporary challenges is to simulate streamflow using the integrated hydro-meteorological approach, which depends on different synoptic c...

Human activities and climate change have significantly influenced the water cycle, impacting flood risks and water security. This study centers on the Jing River Basin in the Chinese Loess Plateau, analyzing hydrological patterns and flood progression using the HEC-HMS model under changing conditions. The findings indicate that climate change subst...

Indonesia is experiencing a rise in natural disasters due to its geographical position within a tropical region, with the Upper Solo River watershed exhibiting a heightened risk of flooding. This region has already suffered numerous floods due to excessive precipitation and insufficient drainage. Susceptibility, hazard, and risk studies have been c...

This study examines how the locational characteristics of heritage sites influence their current flood risk in an urban environment under changing climate conditions. We studied 1620 heritage sites in the highly urbanized environment of Seoul, Korea; the study first quantified the flood risk of heritage sites, considering the topography and hydrolo...

Global coastal catchments experience peculiar flood risk attributes due to the confluence of multiple flood drivers. In these regions, the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons impose diverse flood risks that evoke meticulous research for the prudent execution of appropriate flood management options. For the first time in flood management literature, we...

Indonesia is experiencing a rise in natural disasters due to its geographical position within a tropical region, with the Upper Solo River watershed exhibiting a heightened risk of flooding. This region has already suffered numerous floods due to excessive precipitation and insufficient drainage. Susceptibility, hazard, and risk studies have been c...

Flood is one of the most frequent natural disasters in the Yangtze River Basin. Flood risk evaluation is of great social significance, especially for large hydrological systems. Rainfall is both temporal and spatial, influencing surface hydrological activities. The water body range is the final outcome of a flood and can be observed from synthetic...

Applying the Low-Impact Development (LID) approach in urban drainage systems can help control surface runoff, therefore mitigating the potential of flooding risk. However, its effectiveness varies widely, and various technical factors influence its performance. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and performance of LID units, namely bior...

In recent years, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced a marked increase in extreme rainfall events, challenging urban planning and infrastructure. This study investigates four extreme rainfall events in Al Ain, UAE, between 2007 and 2020, using data from 11 rain gauges and estimates from three satellite precipitation products. These event...

The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) is highly vulnerable to sea level rise, with projections indicating a significant increase in permanently inundated land by 2100, ranging from 1,458.1 to 4,331.7 km². This study evaluates the severity of potential coastal inundation in the GoG by comparing sea level rise projections from eight reliable CMIP6 models with his...

Flash flood hazard is one of the most frequent hydrological hazards in the Syrian coastal region. The Northern Kabir River Basin (NKRB) is among the most susceptible regions to flooding. Assessing the spatial distribution of flash flood risk presents a significant difficulty in the NKRB. The absence of regular hydrological measurement and common po...

Preface: In today’s world, where disasters—whether natural or man-made (technological)—are happening more often and with greater impact, it’s more important than ever to have solid, easy-to-access information on the risks we face. That’s where this monograph, "Comprehensive Databases on Natural and Man-Made (Technological) Hazards and Disasters: Ma...

Rivers, vital for household and industrial needs, vary in size due to erosion and sedimentation and are significantly impacted by climate variations. Accurate estimation of river characteristics like discharge and debris flow concentration is essential for designing hydraulic systems in flood-prone areas. This study assesses these factors in the Su...

In coastal regions, compound flooding can arise from a combination of different drivers, such as storm surges, high tides, excess river discharge, and rainfall. Compound flood potential is often assessed by quantifying the dependence and joint probabilities of flood drivers using multivariate models. However, most of these studies assume that all e...

High-resolution topographic data obtained from lidar surveys are commonly used to describe the geometry of rivers. Woody vegetation, however, is often filtered out when digital terrain model (DTM) data are used in preference to digital surface model (DSM) data. In the present study, 50-cm DSM and DTM data are used in combination to provide an expli...

Accurately estimating flood levels is essential for effective infrastructure design, reservoir management, and flood risk mapping. Traditional methods for predicting these levels often rely on annual maximum flood (AMF) data, which may not always fit well to statistical models. To improve these estimates, we tested an approach that considers floods...

Te Pokohiwi o Kupe is one of Aotearoa’s earliest archaeological sites dating back to c. 1280 AD and is of great significance to Te Rūnanga a Rangitāne o Wairau (partners in this project) as they are Kaitiaki (guardians) of the area. The impacts of ongoing erosion coupled with the effects of sea-level rise (SLR) threatens the loss of Te Pokohiwi o K...

We present a novel non-stationary regional weather generator (nsRWG) based on an auto-regressive process and marginal distributions conditioned on climate variables. We use large-scale circulation patterns as a latent variable and regional daily mean temperature as a covariate for marginal precipitation distributions to account for dynamic and ther...

Taking into account the spatial dependence of floods is essential for an accurate assessment of fluvial flood risk. We propose novel extensions to the Fisher copula to statistically model the spatial structure of observed historical flood record data across North America. These include the machine-learning-based XGBoost model, exploiting the inform...

Global warming has increased flood hazards, even in semi-arid regions. The extremely low normal surface water flow in these regions complicates hazard assessment and flood risk awareness. In this study, we first investigated recent flood trends since the 1980s in the major city of Khovd using meteorological data and satellite images to clarify clim...

Floodplain management is critical for mitigating flood risks and safeguarding communities. The FloodPlain Manager (FPM) certification is essential for professionals in this field, but current preparation methods often fall short in providing comprehensive, accessible, and engaging study resources. This research introduces a novel AI-assisted educat...

Flood risk analyses often focus on a single flooding source, typically storm surge or rainfall‐driven flooding, depending on the predominant threat. However, hurricanes frequently cause compound flooding through significant storm surges accompanied by heavy rainfall. This study employs a hydrodynamic model based on Delft3D‐Flexible Mesh that couple...

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is currently updating its policy for the evaluation of levee systems in support of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). This update is an outcome of a joint effort between USACE and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to align their processes so that information developed by USACE for the...

Pangkalpinang is an area with a high potential for flood hazards. Therefore, it is essential to conduct spatial analysis to determine the flood vulnerability levels in this region. This study aims to assess flood vulnerability in Pangkalpinang City spatially. The research uses a quantitative approach with data analysis conducted through the overlay...

Under the dual pressures of climate change and urbanization, cities in China are experiencing increasingly severe flooding. Using the Yushan Lake area in Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province, as a case study, we employed the InfoWorks Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) hydraulic model to analyze the drainage and flood prevention system of the region a...

Adaptation is essential to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as increasing flood risk. In response to widespread maladaptation, citizen-led approaches are increasingly championed, whereby people on the frontline of climate change determine their own objectives and strategies of adaptation. Enabling equitable and effective citizen-led ada...

Traditional coastal flood risk prediction often overlooks critical geographic features, underscoring the need for accurate risk prediction in coastal cities to ensure resilience. This study enhances the prediction of coastal flood occurrence by utilizing the Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) approach. This approach employed models-random f...

Flood susceptibility mapping (FSM) is crucial for effective flood risk management, particularly in flood‐prone regions like Pakistan. This study addresses the need for accurate and scalable FSM by systematically evaluating the performance of 14 machine learning (ML) models in high‐risk areas of Pakistan. The novelty lies in the comprehensive compar...

Devastating flood events are recurrently impacting West Africa. To mitigate flood impacts and reduce the vulnerability of populations, a better knowledge on the frequency of these events is crucial. The lack of reliable hydrometric datasets has hitherto been a major limitation in flood frequency analysis at the scale of West Africa. Utilising a rec...

This study investigates the relationship between Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes and urban flooding in the Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD). The research objectives include analysing flooding patterns, mapping LULC changes, and assessing the correlation between these changes and flooding occurrences. Additional...

The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation has a significant impact on human lives by determining freshwater resources and agricultural yield, but also rainfall-driven hazards like flooding or landslides. While the ERA5 reanalysis dataset provides consistent long-term global precipitation information that allows investigations of these...

As a primary challenge to reach sustainable development goals in many countries, flood-prone urban areas exposed to the ongoing expansion of disturbing development, it is necessary to identify human-made because of the following causes: 1) scare of available research findings focusing on riverside urban areas, and 2) to identify current and new app...

Climate change has a negative impact especially on agriculture. Due to unpredictable seasonal changes and floods, agricultural land can be damaged. Mitigation strategies are needed to anticipate more serious impacts from the threat of climate change. According to this research, farmers in Temanggung, Indonesia, are willing to pay (WTP) for climate...

In the spring of 2019, during preparations for the grand Iranian celebration of Nowruz, a massive flash flood struck “Darvazeh Quarn” in Shiraz, Iran. The flood was triggered by the diversion of a river from its natural course and the inadequate capacity of the drainage channel designed to handle floodwaters at the entrance of Shiraz City. Conseque...

Natural flood management (NFM) is a nature-based solution (NbS) widely recognised as an option to regulate flooding whilst providing multiple ecosystem services (ES) for society and the environment. To address climate change-enhanced flood risk, localised-NFM could be scaled out (expanded geographically to the catchment level). Implementing catchme...

This study investigates the long-term variations in temperature and precipitation across Nigeria’s climatic zones, focusing on their impact on agriculture and water resources. Using data from Calabar, Ibadan, Kano, and Kukawa to represent the tropical monsoon, tropical savannah, semi-arid and desert climate, respectively, the research adopts the Ma...

Abstract The height and slope models of the researching area in the form of a topographic map or digital elevation model (DEM)* has been used in many cases, including the calculation and assessment of flood risk, landslides, agricultural activities , and many other instances. In recent years, due to the free access to digital elevation models (DEM)...

Impervious surfaces increase surface runoff, leading to elevated flood risks and nonpoint source pollution. Predicting impervious surface ratios is essential for various urban management practices, ranging from drainage infrastructure design and water quality assessment to utility fee evaluation and flood risk mitigation. Traditionally , the inform...

Floods are one of the most devastating natural hazards that have intensified due to land use land cover (LULC) changes in recent years. Flood risk assessment is a crucial task for disaster management in flood-prone areas. In this study, we proposed a flood risk assessment framework that combines flood vulnerability, hazard, and damages under long-t...

In recent years, reservoir flood control and dam safety have faced severe challenges due to changing environmental conditions and intense human activities. There has been a significant increase in the proportion of dam breaks caused by floods exceeding reservoir design levels. Dam breaks have periodically occurred due to flood overtopping, threaten...

Flash floods are one of the most hazardous natural events globally, characterized by their rapid onset and unpredictability, often overwhelming emergency preparedness and response systems. In the arid environment of Saudi Arabia, Wadi Al-Lith watershed is particularly prone to flash floods, exacerbated by sudden storms and the region’s distinct top...

This study explores the spatial analysis of flood-prone areas in Rajabasa by utilizing Digital Elevation Model data from DEMNAS and high-resolution aerial photographs obtained via commercial drones. The research aims to understand the region’s flood dynamics and watershed characteristics. The elongated shape of the Rajabasa basin, with a calculated...

Climate change and geological shifts were pivotal in the survival and development of ancient human societies, especially in densely populated regions like the middle and lower Lishui River Basin. This study explored the dynamic interactions between ancient human cultures and the region’s natural environment, using field research alongside geologica...