Science topics: Fire Safety EngineeringFirefighters
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Firefighters - Science topic
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Studies show that individual attributes such as age and gender significantly influence physiological responses and their correlation with stress, often forming complex and overlapping relationships. These attributes are essential for enhancing physiological signal-based stress detection. Our work leverages hypergraph in multi-attribute representati...
Accurate stress detection from physiological signals is often complicated by individual identity traits, which must first be identified before they can be effectively removed to improve model performance. To address this, we propose a method that combines Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Analysis to extract sta...
Fire plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems. However, the increasing unpredictability of weather patterns due to climate change is significantly reducing the window period available for prescribed burning and firebreak preparation. This paper explores the challenges posed by these shrinking firebreak wind...
The purpose of this paper is to present how the idea of prefiguration (or prefigurative politics as is also known) is embodied into the anarchist movement of Greece. At the beginning i will try to explain the idea of prefiguration, i will shortly show the connection with other social movements beside the anarchist and its connection to classical an...
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme plays an important role in cancer prevention by identifying potential carcinogenic hazards. However, the terminology used in IARC’s classifications and Monographs can confuse the public, health professionals, and policymakers. Terms like “carcinogenic to humans” imply causa...
With the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs), the maritime transportation of these vehicles has become commonplace. Nevertheless, transporting EVs via car carriers presents a potential fire hazard. Data from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) indicates that in 2020, 52 recorded fires involving EVs in the United States. These...
A comprehensive summary checklist of things to consider when transitioning to PFAS-free or Fluorine Free Firefighting Foams (F3). Addressing these factors should help avoid unintentional delays or errors during your foam transition journey and should help to smooth the way to a successful result. Draft EU regulations include 5-10 year transition pe...
Under complex conditions, the collaborative control capability of UAV swarms is considered to be the key to ensuring the stability and safety of swarm flights. However, in complex environments such as forest firefighting, traditional swarm control methods struggle to meet the differentiated needs of UAVs with differences in behavior characteristics...
In order to enhance the capability of fire risk assessment and prevention in the Wildland-Urban Interface, and to reduce the frequency and scale of fires in these border regions, ensuring the safety of residents and their properties, this paper summarizes the research conducted by domestic and international scholars. It explains the causes of wildl...
Wildfires in North America, particularly in western states, have caused widespread environmental, economic, social, and health impacts. Smoke from these fires travels long distances, spreading pollutants and worsening the air quality across continents. Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and those with preexisting conditions, face hei...
The role of firefighters has evolved from traditional tasks like rescuing cats from trees and extinguishing house fires to more complex land, sea, and air rescues. The increasing demands for public safety necessitate rigorous training and high fitness levels for firefighters to manage their daily tasks effectively. In this study, final assessments...
Firefighting pumps provide vital roles in maintaining the pressure of fluid power in the firefighting system and are broadly utilized in the majority of residential, commercial, or industrial buildings. However, the reliance on periodic inspections to ensure their availability during emergency scenarios poses challenges such as high maintenance cos...
The study presents a numerical analysis and experimental verification of deflection of the elements of the band that forms the superstructure of a medium-sized fire-fighting and rescue vehicle. The conducted tests were aimed at the selection of the FEM numerical model enabling the identification of the strain of the structure and the determination...
Disaster environments, such as fires, distort of two-way radio communication within buildings. This article presents an experimental study on microwave attenuation based on the smoke and wall type in a disaster environment using a two-way radio with digital mobile radio communication, widely used by firefighting crews in Korea. Furthermore, we comp...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals used in various products, such as firefighting foams and non-stick cookware, due to their resistance to heat and degradation. However, these same properties make them persistent in the environment and human body, raising public health concerns. This study selected eleven PFAS common...
The frequent occurrence of forest fires in mountainous regions has posed severe threats to both the ecological environment and human activities. This study proposed a multi-target firefighting task planning method of forest fires by multiple UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) integrating task allocation and path planning. The forest fire environment f...
Wildfires increasingly threaten Portugal's ecosystem and population, with climate change intensifying fire seasons. AI has emerged as a powerful tool for predicting and responding to wildfires, offering improved accuracy and speed over traditional methods. This paper examines AI's role in wildfire management in Portugal, focusing on machine learnin...
Sources of occupational stress and their impact on mental health were examined in a questionnaire survey of 617 firefighters. The role of coping strategies as a moderating factor was also tested. The results indicated that the overall of sources of stress had a significant positive correlation with overall mental health and there was a significant...
The lightweight and adjustable properties of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding textiles make them an ideal choice as a layer in firefighting suits designed for complex electromagnetic environments. Enhancing the flame retardant performance of EMI shielding textiles is essential to mitigate rapid combustion risks in extreme conditions, su...
Synchronous extreme fire weather can significantly increase the probability of fire ignition and spread, posing compounding threats to fire management efforts and potentially overwhelming firefighting capabilities. While substantial evidence indicates that weather conditions conducive to wildfires will likely become more frequent with higher levels...
This paper provides information about (a) 15 wildfire-related accidents that took place during 12 wildfires due to eruptive fire behavior in the 1982–2016 period and (b) six additional cases of “chimney effect” and “flame attachment” occurrence that caused no deaths or injuries, in the 2007–2019 period, in Greece. The work is based on (i) detailed...
Objective: Exposure of emergency service personnel to disasters can lead to significant mental health challenges. The psychological impact of intentionally caused disasters, such as terrorist attacks, tends to be more severe than that of natural disasters. While much research has focused on terrorist attacks, little is known about the effects of in...
Powder-based fire extinguishing agents have become a kind of promising substitutes for halon extinguishing agents in civil aircrafts. However, their storage lifespan, significantly influenced by the thermal aging, emerges as a crucial yet overlooked aspect for aviation use. This study investigates the effects of thermal aging cycles on various para...
Background: Firefighters’ duties include fire response, emergency medical treatment and rescue operations. Noncompliance with physical activity (PA) guidelines increases adverse health behaviours and the risk of on-duty fatalities. While PA is known to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), its impact on risky health behaviours in firefighters is unde...
Occupational exposure as a firefighter was recently classified as carcinogenic to humans by the IARC. Fire instructors’ exposure to carcinogenic PAHs is a major concern, and studies that have tried to assess the determinants of their exposure are scarce. An air and biomonitoring study was conducted in fire instructors performing simulated training...
Fire stations serve as operational hubs for firefighting and rescue teams, making their spatial optimization crucial to ensure effective urban firefighting and rescue operations. The traditional coverage model overlooks the difference in service satisfaction among various demand areas within the coverage radius, making it less effective at optimizi...
Fatigue management is critical for high-risk professions such as pilots, firefighters, and healthcare workers, where physical and mental exhaustion can lead to catastrophic accidents and loss of life. Traditional fatigue assessment methods, including surveys and physiological measurements, are limited in real-time monitoring and user convenience. T...
The initial firefighting capacity of complex commercial areas depends on the service level and the location of micro firefighting facilities. In response to the issue of coverage by micro firefighting facilities in complex commercial areas, a graded progressive coverage model is established. This model includes distance-progressive coverage and fir...
Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) is widely recognized for its excellent fire-extinguishing capabilities, yet the specific roles of its components remain insufficiently understood. AFFF typically consists of fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants, as well as organic solvents such as diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE), which can significantly inf...
Auli Airilan sosiaalipsykologian väitöskirja ”Work characteristics, personal resources, and employee well-being: A longitudinal study among Finnish firefighters” tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopistossa 20.3.2015. Vastaväittäjänä toimi Ulla Kinnunen (Tampereen yliopisto) ja kustoksena Anna-Maija Pirttilä- Backman (Helsingin yliopisto).
This research focuses on the design and construction of an autonomous firefighting robot. The objective of this
research was to create a low-cost firefighting robot that could identify and extinguish fires. With the help of three
(3) infrared flame sensors mounted at the left, right, and front, the robot can detect the fires and autonomously
naviga...
The term "neuroenhancement" describes the enhancement of cognitive function associated with deficiencies resulting from a specific condition. Nevertheless, there is currently no agreed-upon definition for the term "neuroenhancement", and its meaning can change based on the specific research being discussed. As humans, our continual pursuit of expan...
In this paper, the application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for fault and failure detection in maritime systems is examined, specifically focusing on the detection of pipe ruptures in a ship’s saltwater firefighting (FiFi) system using pressure sensor data. Neural network models were developed to distinguish between normal opera...
Wildfires are a growing global concern, particularly in fire-prone regions like Los Angeles. Traditional firefighting techniques often prove insufficient in large-scale forest fires due to their rapid spread and accessibility issues. This proposal outlines a cost-effective and scalable solution: an elevated irrigation system using water pipes insta...
Robots have emerged as a pivotal element in enhancing firefighting operations, offering a blend of efficiency and safety to human responders. This paper delves into the development of a path planning strategy for robots navigating through fire scenarios. Particularly we fused the Dijkstra Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Our methodology commen...
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess hydration status via saliva osmolarity throughout a 12-week Fire School in recruit firefighters. Methods: At the beginning (AM) and end (PM) of the workday for 13 weeks (a 12-week Fire School and an additional transition week), saliva osmolarity was measured, recorded, and relayed to each particip...
Over recent decades, the number of high-rise building fires has increased rapidly with urbanization. However, few studies have been conducted from the perspective of fire safety awareness among residents in high-rise buildings. This study investigated the fire safety literacy of people in high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are an important pa...
Background
While the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function are well-documented, its impact on high-intensity endurance performance and underlying neural mechanisms remains underexplored, especially in the context of search and rescue operations where both physical and mental performance are essential. This study examines the neurophysi...
Effective suppression of flammable liquid fires depends on the rapid formation of a closed water film by aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) over the oil surface. To investigate the mechanism of film formation on the oil surface with a compounded solution using the fluorocarbon betaine amphoteric surfactant (OC5-Betaine) as the active ingredient, a mu...
Type B fires are fires that occur due to the burning of fuel in the form of gas, this type of fire occurs quite often where in DKI Jakarta this type of fire occurs in up to 180 cases and one of the causes of this fire is due to LPG gas leaks then at this time the fire extinguisher fire only has 1 method to find the location of the fire, therefore i...
Background
The purpose of this qualitative study was to focus on review and repeat review outpatients and the structural role they play in exacerbating waitlists for Specialist Outpatient (SOP) services in Queensland. Waitlists, which record the number of patients waiting for an initial consultation (new appointment), are an indicator of a health s...
Complex dynamics inherent of building fire poses big challenges to firefighting and rescue, especially with limited access to critical fire-hazard information. This work proposes the novel AIoT-integrated Digital Twin for the full-scale multi-floor building to manage the dynamics fire information. This system allows for super real-time mapping of a...
This short review addresses the pressing issue of lung cancer among firefighters, a population facing unique occupational hazards such as smoke inhalation and asbestos exposure. With lung cancer being a leading global cause of death, the study emphasizes the disproportionate burden on firefighters. Notably, wildfire smoke, containing carcinogenic e...
Firefighters are exposed to the risk of burns at fire scenes. In 2020, the National Fire Agency of the Republic of Korea surveyed 50,527 firefighters and identified 242 burn-related incidents. The body parts affected by these burns were the hands (28.51%), ears (10.74%), and neck (10.33%), with hands and facial areas accounting for ∼50% of all burn...
This study aimed to compare and evaluate the prediction accuracy and risk of bias (ROB) of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) predictive models. We conducted a systematic review and random-effect meta-analysis summarizing predictive model development and validation studies using machine learning in diverse samples to predict PTSD. Model performa...
Earth observation (EO) satellites offer significant potential in wildfire detection and assessment due to their ability to provide fine spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions. Over the past decade, satellite data have been systematically utilized to monitor wildfire dynamics and evaluate their impacts, leading to substantial advancements in wi...
Exiting a public safety occupation (e.g., paramedics, police, firefighters) and entering retirement is unique in many ways. There are heightened risks and demands associated with essential emergency services that involve personal sacrifices and commitment and the absence of this intense role is significant requiring an adjustment. Public safety per...
Background
There exists an intricate relationship between burnout and sleep disturbances, especially among firefighters. Network analysis offers novel perspectives for understanding the interactions of psychopathological variables. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between burnout and sleep disturbances among firefighters through networ...
In recent years, firefighter accidents and people injured by the collapse of steel structures during a fire have occurred frequently, which has attracted the attention of the National Emergency Management Department and the Fire and Rescue Bureau. It is urgent to carry out research on early warning systems for building collapse during a fire. Exist...
Relevance. Genetic determinants of multifactorial diseases are critical for assessing the risk of genetic diseases and their prevention, especially among the workforce exposed to industry-related dangerous and aggressive occupational factors. Firefighters perform combat service duties in extremely unfavorable industrial environments associated with...
Traditional firefighting robots require operators to manually connect to a water source or rely on the robot’s onboard water supply. We plan to develop a robot capable of autonomously connecting to a fire hydrant to obtain a water source. This requires the implementation of computer vision technology to identify and locate the hydrant's outlet and...
Battery-only electric vehicle (BEV) fires have recently emerged as a significant safety concern in modern society, particularly when they occur in car parking spaces, where the consequences can be severe. While relatively few fatalities and injuries are reported, the associated economic losses are substantial. Car park structures present several ch...
Examining the experiences of a firefighter paramedic from the United States who deployed to Israel as a member of the Emergency Volunteer Project and assisted Israel’s Fire and Rescue Services during the Swords of Iron War, beginning just days after the attacks on October 7, 2023.
Internet of Things (IoT) applications are increasingly reliant on indoor positioning systems to deliver precise and reliable navigation in GNSS-denied environments, including urban areas, smart warehouses, hospitals, and underground or multi-level parking systems. Bluetooth Angle of Arrival (AoA) positioning offers cost-effective solutions with the...
Objective
Our study evaluated the prevalence of hypertension in a population of Brazilian firefighters and the association of elevated blood pressure (BP) with personal, occupational, and cardiovascular risk factors.
Design
This was a cross-sectional study.
Setting
Our study was based on health inspections of the Military Fire Brigade of the Espí...
Large-scale outdoor fires pose significant risks to the environment and public safety, especially in residential and urban areas. This study focuses on enhancing outdoor firefighting capabilities in a residential development in New Cairo, Egypt, by designing and comparing two fire safety systems: a fire hydrant-only system and a combined fire hydra...
Background: With the Covid-19 pandemic, there came a substantial growth in mask usage and therefore mask waste, as many countries introduced obligatory mask wearing in public spaces. Although many institutions have created waste management systems to overcome the overflow of waste created, these were all more in line with “firefighting” strategies...
The original publication contained an erroneous data line in Appendix A, “Table A1 [...]
Generally, organic fibers are flammable due to their molecular structure. However, highly flame-retardant textile products are required for firefighting uniforms and uniforms used in areas where there is a risk of fire, as well as in enclosed spaces such as automobiles, trains, and airplanes. PET fibers made by melt spinning have excellent physical...
Wildland fires present significant challenges for aircraft emergency response operations, including firefighting, surveillance, and cargo/crew transportation. The high temperature and strong turbulence near or within fire-generated plumes can be hazardous or catastrophic for manned and unmanned aircraft. In this paper, KHawk Zephyr3, a small fixed-...
Fire is regarded as an essential climate variable, emitting greenhouse gases in the combustion process. Current global assessments of fire emissions traditionally rely on coarse remotely sensed burned-area data, along with biome-specific combustion completeness and emission factors (EFs). However, large uncertainties persist regarding burned areas,...
The study aimed to assess the psychological well-being, performance, and the challenges faced by female firefighters in District 2 of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) during the Calendar Year 2024. A total of 57 female firefighters from District 2 served as the respondents. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized in the study, which was pre...
This article proposes an innovative, large-scale solution to combat wildfires in California by utilizing a seawater-based irrigation system. The proposal involves the construction of pumping stations along the coast, with a distribution network of fire- and corrosion-resistant pipes. The system would include containment dams to store water at eleva...
Wildfires are particularly prevalent in the Mediterranean, being expected to increase in frequency due to the expected increase in regional temperatures and decrease in precipitation. Effectively suppressing large wildfires requires a thorough understanding of containment opportunities across landscapes, to which empirical spatial modelling can con...
This study aims to experimentally investigate the combustion products of fires suppressed/extinguished by two water-based fire suppression systems, namely, sprinklers and water mist systems. A total of thirteen experiments were conducted with various suppression system configurations, i.e., with a sprinkler, a low-pressure (LP) water mist, and a hi...
Forest fire risk mapping is an essential measure for forest fire management. Quickly and precisely assessing forest fire risks, rationally planning fire risk zones, and scientifically allocating firefighting resources are of great significance for mitigating the increasingly severe threat of forest fires. This study utilized the random forest (RF)...