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Financial market regulation - Science topic

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After the global financial crisis of 2008, did investment banking properly and reliably improve its banking procedures and credit risk management systems so that a similar crisis would not happen again?
The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 was the result of a number of factors that started as early as the 1990s and were then compounded at the beginning of the 21st century. Many mistakes were made at the time, both at the level of monetary policy, in terms of over-liberalisation of the functioning of financial markets and banking entities (in the mid-1990s, the separation of the functioning of deposit and loan banking from investment banking was abolished). Allowed to grant mortgages to uncreditworthy citizens. The missing funds for granting bad loans, i.e. loans that in 99 per cent probability would not be repaid on time, were no longer obtained from bank deposits but from derivative securities issued for this purpose, which were sold as subprime bonds to successive investment banks as secure and profitable investment financial instruments. Credit rating agencies gave these credit derivatives the highest AAA ratings, which just before the onset of the global financial crisis was no longer factually correct and was a clear example of a breach of good business ethics. There was also a high level of systemic credit risk arising from the underwriting of many of the thus unreliable mortgages by a small number of commercially operating insurance companies. There has been a lot of unreliability, the application of unethical business practices in credit risk management both at a systemic level and at the level of individual banking entities. The credit risk management process in investment banks at the beginning of the 21st century was not working efficiently and effectively. The banking procedures were not adequately adapted to the current realities of the technological advances taking place and new financial instruments, derivatives being created in a highly liberalised prudential standard of credit risk control. I have researched this issue and described these issues in publications that are posted on my profile on this Research Gate portal. I had researched the issue of improving the credit risk management processes carried out in commercial banks even before the global financial crisis of 2007-2009. Some procedural and normative issues have been corrected but rather not all, which should be corrected so that a similar financial crisis does not occur again in the future.
In view of the above, I address the following research question to the esteemed community of researchers and academics:
In the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, has investment banking properly and reliably improved its banking procedures and credit risk management systems so that a similar crisis will not occur again?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please reply,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Yes. A significant amount of changes were brought about in Regulations and Controls.
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I have found only a few studies based on China indicating that there is diminishing returns to environmental regulation in China. They measured such diminishing utility by including two variables related to level of environmental regulation: one variable indicating the level of regulation, and another squared term of the first variable. However, I failed to find any such study in the field of accounting and finance.
I would appreciate if someone can suggest any similar paper from the field of accounting and auditing.
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You may want to check the following paper out:
Revisiting the concepts of money, profit and interest from the perspective of value and diminishing marginal utility
AKM Meera, H Mubasheera - … of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 2015 - jimf-bi.org
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Growth Regulator groups
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Hello
All nucleated cells are probably totipotent, containing all the genetic information present in the fertilized egg, but this information is not expressed at each stage of plant development and totipotence is not maintained for a long period when cultured in vitro. Cellular differentiation is the transformation of apparently genetically identical cells into diversified cells, differing biochemical, physiological, and structural attributes; by contrast morphogenesis is the integration and coordination of growth and differentiation, occurring at the cellular level, determining morphological characters and gross form. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) regulate plant growth, differentiation and morphogenesis probably by exerting their influence on particular metabolic reactions in the target tissue via receptor molecules.
Differentiated cells pass first to the dedifferentiation phase, then to induction and finally into differentiation phase. There is a weak correlation between hormone concentration, measured in the tissue, and the response of the tissue. This weak correlation has led to controversy as to whether differentiation is regulated by changes in the concentration of PGRs or by changes in the sensitivity of tissues to PGRs. Although little is known about the sensitivity of tissues to hormones it seems possible that there could be changes in the concentration of hormone receptors, in receptor affinity or in the activity of hormones or factors.
The PGRs most commonly used in plants are auxins and cytokinins; these can be natural or synthesized. Ethylene, abscisic acid, polyamines and oligosaccharins are used increasingly for controlling differentiation and morphogenesis.
Eddo, R. (1993). SENSITIVITY AND INVOLVEMENT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN DIFFERENTIATION AND MORPHOGENESIS. Acta Hortic. 329, 169-176 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.329.34 https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.329.34
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There are sixes and sevens in financial market which is common scenario in both developing countries like India and advanced countries like USA. The financial market is being manipulated by big-bulls or business typhoons so the government is a helpless spectator. The bank rate, repo-rate, reverse repo-rates are the blunt weapons; even these sixes and sevens are beyond the control of market forces or operations. A typical economic situation is being created to test the existing theories and policies of economic world.
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In their quest for innovation, financial private actors are eager to use artificial intelligence, big-data & data-mining and several others technologies. As a result, financial markets are now focusing on Fintech, which represents  a new challenge for regulators. However, using these financial technologies, the regulatory framework could be enhanced too. But how ? And what are the current analysis among private actors, regulators, and scholars regarding the rise of Regtech ?
Many thanks !
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RegTech could improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of compliance. The cost of non-compliance, e.g. legal bills and compensation is estimated at £19.5 billion over the past year for the UK alone )Standard & Poor's). Similarly, the cost of compliance is a heavy burden on the industry,
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RegTech solutions can help in several ways. They can be adopted to anticipate potential issues and risks, e.g. real-time tracking of risk issues, to detect and deter non-compliant conduct
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Looking at finding survey information detail on Financial Analysts decision making activities - specifically the weighting they give to Sustainability Metrics - in particular Safety Performance Metrics (Total Recordable Injury Rate) and how much weight is placed on this metric when compared to overall recommendation to the market/institutional investors etc. on whether a publicly listed company is a good investment or not.
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Please check annual ESG reports published by Eurosif & Mercer showing status & growth of ESG incorporation in investment decisions across the world.
Also, please check if the following are useful:
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Stiglitz has argued that failures in financial markets have come about because of poorly designed incentive structures, inadequate competition and inadequate transparency. Part of this is because larger institutions have been resistant to changes that would actually create more healthy competition. Better regulation is required to rein in the financial markets and bring back trust in the system.
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Hi,
You may be interested by this paper where information quality seems to be a very important device::
. Who Moves Markets in a Sudden Marketwide Crisis? Evidence from 9/11.
By: Burch, Timothy R.; Emery, Douglas R.; Fuerst, Michael E. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis. Apr2016, Vol. 51 Issue 2, following p463-487. 42p.
Best regards
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I am interested in this field and looking for peer reviewed articles
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Dear Samuel Too,
Yes, it will definitely have a lot of impact on traditional banking. With the ease of services provided by these mobile wallets, people prefer to use these applications more. In Kenya, we can see that M-Pesa has created a lot of impact and it helped to get majority of the financially excluded people out of their financial miseries. 
With the mobile money, most of the urban population will turn towards using these services and leave traditional banking aside. This will decrease the amount of time spent at banks for each transaction to happen and it will indirectly help towards financial inclusion.
Payment Banks have been legalised in India to promote financial inclusion. They have a lot of regulations to follow and these regulations will allow them to target only financially excluded people. So the sole target for these payment banks is to have a huge customer base and then only they can only generate profits. So the existing corporate banks started feeling insecure and they started spending lot of resources on bringing innovation in banking. 
So the mobile money has a huge direct impact and they also have many positive externalities. Because of both these direct and indirect benifits they bring to the society, the traditional banking system will get effected and it will effect their revenues.
I hope this helps.
Regards,
Bhanu Phani Krishna.
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Dear all, I want to start a research about financial regulation and economic growth for African countries. Which model can I use for this study?
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It's a very interesting question, not at all easy to answer. The determination of both causality and its direction is a real challenge, specially in a context of limited data. In "Microfinance Regulation and Market Development in Latin America" (DOI 10.1515/bejeap-2013-0145) we used correlations. Regards
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I am looking for a data set to test a local volatility algorithm pricer for spread or crack options on commodity (WTI). I would need 
- Future data quote markets
- Options data (call / put) quote markets considered on spread option maturity
- Ideally : spread or crack quote markets,
- Ideally : corresponding Kirk / Bjerksund or Monte Carlo reference prices.
To your knowledge, is there any standard already considered data set to test performance and precision of the method ?
Thanks for any contribution !
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Hi,
As far as I'm aware it would be hard to create a standard data set due to at least two reasons - market conditions are changing and so are options and option-like products. Thus such data set would need to be modified frequently and that would render it very hard to maintain and use.
I would have taken a look at CBOE Livevol at:
Best regards,
 Stan
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Fed Governor Powell on repo CCPs: the opportunities and challenges ahead
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Yes.Plesase elaborate the subject matter in details
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I want to work on problems in field of stock (basically I prefer working on wall street market) but I don't know how I can do it and which subjects could be helpful.
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First of all, I'm sure you are a finance, economics, or more generally management student. You must have taken subjects or courses relating to financial stock market and their instruments. If you have not done these please don;t start your research yet becuase it is just like a fisherman without a net.
However, if you have done all of the above or some of them your staring point is to flash back during your finance courses those area that are more interesting to you when having class discussions with your lecturer(s). This would lead you to read more about current issues on those area of interests. In addition, you need to read daily market reports on stocks of most popular industry such as Dow Jones etc. This includes individuals' and institutional reports. These would regenerate your memory to those interesting areas.
Finally, there are daily reports on media such as Bloomberg and other media outlets like magazines and newspapers that would surely help you or shape you mind to specific research area on stock markets. 
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When banking supervision is enhanced, banks might find it difficult to grant loans. Does this policy affect the effectiveness of an expansionary monetary policy?
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This is indeed a very good question because it highlights the need to coordinate, in a very concrete terms, monetary and financial supervision policies.It may be easily the case that tougher bank supervision(e.g. more capital requirements) may lead to a lower pass-through from the monetary policy interest rate to deposit and lending rates.This result shpuld be taken into account in delibrating what is the the warranted change in the monetary policy rate cto acchieve the objective of monetary policy.
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I am simply interested in a lot of perspectives for a short research paper. Still, I assume that data which is difficult due to OTC markets, would be a first good step...
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Thanks Patricia, for your answer. I have to say I have another view on the issue. Let me play the advocate diabolist for a while.
1. Futures on corn and wheat are the oldest derivatives in the world and provided a lot of insurance for farmers against falling prices. To provide this insurance speculation is necessary. In fact, the classical financial educators (CFA, CAIA curriculum's) would argue that speculators would take the opposite site of those hedgers, so speculation is profitable because hedgers want to buy insurance.
2. Of course, this is not 100% reality and there is a reflexive influence of speculation on the real prices. I asked the question because I believe "truth" is not easy to find and we do not have data on how much of the prices are influenced by speculation.
3. Than we come to the question if speculation itself and in general is unethical. First, one has to clearly define what we mean by speculation and unethical. Second just to give again another perspective Janaway (Doing Capitalism in the Innovation Economy: Markets, Speculation and the State) argues that speculation (if it is not fueled by leverage distinction between constructive and destructive bubbles) is necessary and helps to produce innovation and long term progress.
4. The question of what happens when prices are higher and who suffers should be addressed individually because it distract us from the "empirical core question" of how much prices are moved by speculation.
To sum up, we would first need data, second think about speculation in general and than about the specifics of the world wide food market. I believe this would be a good topic for academic research.