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Now that Carestream/Kodak Biomax MR film is no longer available, I am looking for a replacement film for 14C-mouse brain autoradiography that optimizes spatial resolution. There are a host of analog films commercially available but scant information about the technical characteristics of these films, even from manufacturers. If any one is using an alternate film they are happy with, it would be much appreciated if you could make a recommendation. Thank you.
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We are currently using
Product: UC Autorad Film Blue 8x10
Cat #: sc-201697
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc
Headquarters Europe web site
10410 Finnell Street toll free: +800 457 8000, fax: +49 6221 4503 45, email: europe@scbt.com
Dallas, Texas 75220 tel: +49 6221 4503 0
toll free: 800.457.3801
tel: 214.902.3900
fax: 214.358.6070
email: cc@scbt.co
It is a film with blue transparent background but works quite well for mouse brain autoradiography with 14C, and is comparable to the Biomax MR film.
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Hello,
This question is not naive and is easy to answer. But I would like to understand the basics of methods being followed across different laboratories where active/biopolymeric films are being developed. How do you make sure the uniform thickness? Ideal molds for casting biopolymeric films? Ideal temperature being used for drying? How long do you keep the dried films after peeling before you start film analysis? Please share basics that you use in your laboratories (can be facility pictures also)
Thank you
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  • To achieve optimal results in film fabrication, prepare a precise volume of the casting solution based on the dimensions of the mold to ensure uniform thickness. Allow the films to dry at ambient temperature instead of using an oven or applying vacuum, as this minimizes bubble formation and ensures even drying. Once dried, measure the thickness of the peeled-off films using a thickness gauge for accuracy and consistency. To maintain the integrity of the films, store them in a desiccator to prevent moisture absorption.
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There was observed a temperature hysteresis of a resistance of gas sensing thin PdO films received by thermal oxidation and used in regime of long time (5 min) harmonic temperature modulation when minimum resistance takes place after passing the maximum temperature. There were observed also loops in the resistance temperature behavior in the presence of ozon which are more distinctive the greater O3-concentration.
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There is an assumption that such hysteresis is a manifestation of the topological properties of the material which some scientists consider as a topological semimetal.
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The objective of the project is determining the upper time and temperature limitations of liquid liner films to prevent bag leakage in application. The different films are made up of PE, EVOH or PA or a combination of all three polymers.
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If I understood correctly your question, for the application you mention, the liner films would require certain performance when it comes to different properties. I could imagine some mechanical resistance, some chemical resistance, some thermal stability, maybe some hydrophobicity or some repellence to solvents, or oils, or something like that, among other properties.
Each one of these properties will be affected by the environmental conditions, specially pressure and temperature. Just thinking about an example: if you require a good resistance to compression, the pressure is a very important parameter to consider, or maybe degradation due to being in a harmful atmosphere, or so.
Each one of the mentioned polymers behaves different against solvents, atmospheres, pressures, aging and temperatures, because their resistance/characteristics/behaviour mainly depends on their chemical structure.
In the case of polymers, like the ones you mentioned, temperature is one of the properties that is usually critical, since heating and cooling a polymer might cause degradation of the structure, thus a detriment in their mechanical properties. Another property is solvent resistance and aging in oxidizing atmospheres as well. Again, this influences the structure of the polymer, thus changing their properties.
If you are looking to compare "how much" does the temperature or the pressure influences the long-term performance of your films, I would suggest to start with temperature if you are considering some experiments.
Finally, just to finish, a common strategy to overcome the limitations of each polymer, is, as you said, to combine them. But this approach need to be done carefully, due to the incompatibility of the polymers. Sometimes it is better to use just the pure polymers, sometimes is better to mix them, and normally there is an optimum in the mixing ratio in which the properties are the best.
Hope this helps!
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I am writing a thesis on the impact of Eco-horror films (western and non-western) and how it provides a non-anthropocentric view of nature (i.e. nature not as an 'other' but an integral part of our lives and reality and void of judgement for its usefulness to humans). Thereafter discussing how this is beneficial to promoting ecological awareness. Some examples that will be used are The Happening, Annihilation and Gaia.
I am still solidifying on my frameworks (i.e. post-humanism vs eco-criticism) and referencing Timothy Morton's Dark ecology/ Hyper objects philosophy. I am also going to give a short reference to Asian and Indigenous folklores and how they have been perpetually non-anthropocentric.
I aim to find the different ways the films mentioned narrate this "decentralization" of anthropocentrism, either through change of power dynamics or the great unknown and link to how this can help us be more respectful of nature, or perhaps see it differently, or perhaps start new discourses for environmental concerns.
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Phil Geis Hahah toxic avenger! Haven't watched that film yet. I wish i could eliminate those jargons, but I am writing a degree standard paper and it's in my school's criteria to apply certain frameworks etc... but definitely will be elaborating on them and simplifying certain terms! thanks phil.
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Hi
I am dealing with polymer hardness measurement methods. I am familiar with Shore A and Shore D. It is well reported on websites. However, in the case of Shore Micro and Shore A, I cannot see any quantitative or qualitative correlation. It looks like Shore Micro is used for thin, delicate polymer films. Can anybody help me with this? Any hint? Any paper? Any manual?
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Mis à part Analyse des films de Aumont et Précis d'analyse filmique, où pourrais-je trouver l'état de l'art des théories de l'analyse de films?
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merci
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We are preparing film about 50microns by casting into a Petri Disk, but the thickness varies from one place to another more than 20%, even leaving it level during evaporation.
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Teresa Saucedo Try spinning the substrate. Don’t use a Petri dish.
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well I have waterborne films and I want to check their viscosity, I am guessing it is possible through tensile strength test, can anyone help me
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tensile stress converted into shear stress by constitutive equations and determination of shear gradient on water borne films may be best way to compute viscosity of the material.
thanks & regards
g.sudhakar
PhD(Materials Engineering)
HCU.
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Hello, I'm trying to measure the conductivity of semiconductor films but since I don't have a commercial four point probe set up I would like to build one on my own in my lab. I have generators, multimeter, galvanostat/potentiostat etc anyway I don't understand how to connect all the cables in order to get the right measurement since the values I got so far have no sense!
Either it is by your experience either you have an article / book text explaining it it would be very helpful!
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You could use any of this configurations:
P- Power supply
R- is a variable resistance
G- is a virtual ground made with two semiconductors in opposed position, then the circuit to the sample is isolated
V- is a voltmeter
C- is a coil
B- is a magnetic field perpendicular to the sample
Details:
Voltage is being measured, no resistance or conductivity. Then diagram below is better since there is not a geometric factor to be considered
Since Voltage is being measured, R needs to be greater than the sample resistance, in order to be used as reference to estimate the current. Otherwise an amperimeter needs to be conected in serie.
For semiconductors the welding is very important, since capacitive and thermoelectric effects are generated on the interface. If money is not problem you could use platinum or gold wires with silver solder.
Semiconductors conductivity depends on temperature, then current must be kept low to avoid Joule heating
For semiconductors, some times the Hall Effect is prefered since it allows to know the electric porter type and concentration
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I know that films and other low-thickness laminated products are produced using biaxial orientation, but is there something similar for sheets with a thickness of around 6 mm? Or are they exclusively manufactured with monoaxial orientation?
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Yes, polypropylene sheets can be manufactured using a biaxial process, which involves extruding, quenching, and biaxially stretching the sheet. This method enhances the mechanical and optical properties of the polypropylene, making it suitable for various applications.
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The way sex is portrayed in the media and in films often provides us with a base of comparison that is not always realistic for the individual. (Andrea Burri)
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Men are certainly more likely to fantasise about real women or women they have seen in pornography or on television. Men are also more likely to fantasise about scenarios that they would like to engage in for real. But women do neither of these if they are aiming for orgasm. Women's fantasies are surreal because eroticism relates to the role of the penetrating male. The role of the receiver is not arousing and explains why women talk of romantic fantasies. They are not aiming for orgasm. Instead they talk of lovemaking.
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I want to know about water contact angle of silica films without using any surfactants.
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Dear all, I would like to add to the previous answers that the silica surface is in continuous dynamic changes, so obviously the properties such contact angle will not have a constant value with respect to time. The effect becomes more pronounced when the solvent (such as water) shows high affinity (reaction) with the substrate surface (silica). Details are presented in the following paper. Please note that the main author is J. Israelachvili who has a long experience and deep expertise in the area of surfaces and interfaces interactions. My Regards
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More and more relationships are collapsing in this 21st century due to the fact that women are becoming more and more romantic. They struggle for freedom from the past world dominated by men. In some traditional Korean films, certain women experience tragedy due to the fact that they are masculine women who found themselves in patriarchal world. Current study is on Romantic Love and Tragedy of Masculine Women in Empress Ki
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In the family setting, masculine women are those women who are the sole/main providers and decision makers in their homes. They are invariably in charge of their families, by controlling it on their terms and conditions.
On the social space, they struggle with their male counterparts for different positions. To them, there is nothing like gender boundary.
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Polymer films synthesis via solution casting
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In an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, the intensity of a diffraction peak is primarily related to the number of atoms within the crystal that contribute to the scattering of X-rays. This intensity also reflects the quality and degree of crystallinity of the sample. Higher intensity peaks indicate greater crystallinity and more ordered atomic structures.
If the intensity of some peaks changes while others remain constant, it may indicate the preferred orientation within the sample. This means that certain crystallographic planes are more aligned or oriented in a particular direction compared to others.
If the intensity change is observed across all peaks in the XRD pattern, it could indicate a broader, systemic influence, such as a temperature effect. Temperature changes can affect the overall crystallinity and structural integrity of the sample, leading to uniform changes in peak intensities. Similarly, the amount of sample, which correlates to the number of atoms available for scattering, can also influence the intensity of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks.
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How to do characterization (FT-IR, XRD) of polymer and MOF films electro-deposited on GCE. Because if I separate it from the electrode, it may damage the material. right. The problem is that most techniques require sample preparation. Any possible solution. researchers
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Hello friend
I do not know the process.
But I may suggest a process that may or may not be possible. (Some experts may correct my suggestions)
I am answering as if I am experimenting.
I will try to take two XRD. One for material with the electrode and the other for the electrode material only.
I will compare the two XRD and I will report the XRD and will mention these peaks are due to the material and those peaks are due to the electrode.
Thank you. And wait for a possible solution.
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I know people deposit HfO using ALD, but this is too slow for the thicknesses were looking for. I've heard of evaporated HfO films as well, but I doubt the films are of good quality. If any of you could help me find some examples of people depositing some thick High K dielectric using CVD or some other method that is not extremely slow, I would really appreciate it.
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High-k dielectric materials play a crucial role in semiconductor devices, especially dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) capacitors. Let’s explore some deposition methods for high-k dielectrics, including those that allow for thicker films:
  1. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): ALD is widely used for depositing thin, conformal layers of high-k dielectrics due to its precise control over film thickness and excellent uniformity. However, as you mentioned, it can be slow for thicker films.
  2. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): CVD is a popular technique for depositing high-k dielectrics. It offers faster growth rates compared to ALD. In CVD, precursor gases react on the substrate surface to form a solid film. Variants of CVD include: Plasma-Enhanced CVD (PECVD): Uses plasma to enhance chemical reactions, leading to higher deposition rates. Metalloorganic CVD (MOCVD): Utilizes metalorganic precursors for film growth. Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD): Combines aspects of ALD and PECVD.
  3. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): PVD methods include techniques like sputtering and thermal evaporation. While PVD can deposit thicker films, it may not achieve the same conformality as ALD or CVD.
  4. Other Methods: Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD): Combines ion bombardment with deposition to enhance film properties. Reactive Sputtering: Uses energetic ions to sputter material from a target onto the substrate. Sol-Gel Deposition: Involves chemical reactions in a solution to form a film.
  5. Material Choices: High-k materials investigated include HfO2, ZrO2, Y2O3, Al2O3, and their alloys Epitaxial growth, based on coherence between substrate crystallinity and deposited film, can yield highly crystalline high-k dielectric thin films with desirable structures1.
Hence, while ALD remains the gold standard for precise, thin high-k films, CVD and other methods allow for thicker films. Researchers continue to explore new materials and deposition techniques to enhance DRAM capacitor properties and meet scaling requirements.
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I'm currently engaged in research focused on the expansion of transition metal oxide thin films. Our approach involves depositing transition metal films on two distinct substrates using either electron beam or thermal evaporation techniques. Following deposition, we subject these films to thermal oxidation under identical conditions. This process leads to alterations in the morphology of the resulting metal oxide films. I'm curious about the reasons behind these morphological changes observed in both instances. Could you recommend a comprehensive paper or book that delves into this phenomenon?
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Thank You Fitsum Addis Hailu for you response. You are right but I want to know more the connection between nucleation growth and substrate which modify the grown surface morphology of metal oxide.
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I'm looking for illustrations of public space, public interaction, and public life in films. Which are the most interesting to look at? Thank you!
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I think you might be interested in the audiovisual work "La Vuelta" 2013 by Juan Fernando Herrán who has explored the urban interstices on a local scale in the most emblematic areas of Medellín: the communes and marginal neighborhoods. In his work, he shows a peculiarity of public space in sectors where the use of motorcycles and the alleys between houses and stairs became sculptures of the lives of the inhabitants.
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I am trying to understand the influence of polymer films sliding against each other. For the simulation, I saw many molecular dynamics simulations, like LAMMPS, GROMACS, etc. I am new to this field. Can someone who has experience with these methods suggest which one is the best one for the particular case?
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The effect of film thickness on the optical properties of tin oxide films What are your opinions? I would like to obtain results and data on this subject, as well as the structural properties of this membrane, examined by FESEM, AFM, and XRD. Thank you very much.
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Interesting...
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Hello,
I was elaborating thin films from FeCl3 using a dip coater. These films were deposited on a glass sheet for 6 layers and then annealed at 500°C. However, XRD analysis did not yield any results or peaks! What could be the problems?
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Asmaa Mendoud In the XRD analysis, the FeCl3-made thin films produced no data or peaks. Substrate interference, amorphous structure, film thickness, or incorrect instrument parameters may be the reason for this.
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Hi All
I am trying to understand the Akono scratch test method to find the fracture toughness of thin film. I am scratching the films with a probe radius of 4um (Spherical) with load below the film critical load. this means that the scratch path has no sudden change. For the data analysis, I only using a lateral load segment of scratch and divide it with the spherical shape function. can someone help to understand what is best way is to do this scratch and how to analyze the data.
Thanks for your help.
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Hey there Faisal Amir!
Understanding the Akono scratch test method for determining the fracture toughness of thin films is a wise pursuit. Utilizing a probe radius of 4um and ensuring the load remains below the film's critical load is crucial for maintaining a consistent scratch path without sudden changes.
For conducting the scratch, ensure a controlled and steady application of the load along the surface of the thin film. The scratch should be performed with precision, maintaining a constant velocity to avoid variations that could affect the results.
When it comes to analyzing the data, focusing on the lateral load segment of the scratch and dividing it by the spherical shape function is a sound approach. This division allows for normalization and comparison across different samples, enhancing the accuracy of the fracture toughness determination.
Consider employing techniques such as optical microscopy or atomic force microscopy to visualize the scratch morphology and accurately measure its dimensions. Additionally, mathematical modeling and simulation can aid in interpreting the data and deriving meaningful conclusions about the fracture toughness of the thin film.
Remember to document each step meticulously and validate the results through repeated experiments to ensure reliability. Collaboration with peers and experts in the field can also provide valuable insights and guidance throughout the process.
Keep up the meticulous work, and don't hesitate to reach out if you Faisal Amir have any further questions or need assistance along the way. Happy scratching!
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I have deposited Al doped PbS thin films using CBD method at different concentrations from 0,2,4,6 and 8%. I was observed that thickness of the films decreases with increase of Al concentration. Can explain about the reason
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The addition of Al dopants can alter the chemical reactions occurring during film deposition. This modification may lead to changes in precursor availability, reactivity, or stability, ultimately affecting the growth rate and resulting in thinner films. Also, Al dopants may influence the crystallite size and orientation of the PbS thin films. Higher concentrations of aluminum ions could lead to smaller crystallite sizes due to the incorporation of Al atoms into the PbS lattice or the formation of secondary phases. Smaller crystallite sizes often result in thinner films due to decreased grain coalescence during film growth.
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Hello everyone, I am seeking guidance on the analysis of scanned films obtained from Proteome Profiler Mouse Cytokine Array Kits, specifically focusing on the quantification of dot intensity using ImageJ. I have successfully scanned the array membranes, which contain dots exhibiting varying intensity levels, ranging from intense to very light. However, I am facing challenges in determining the optimal method for selecting the appropriate area for intensity measurement, particularly due to the variability in dot intensity across the membranes.
I am uncertain about the most suitable approach for measuring dot intensity and comparing them across the membranes. Considering the diverse range of dot intensities present on the membranes, I am unsure whether to fix the area for intensity measurement or adopt a different approach.
I would greatly appreciate guidance or recommendations on how to effectively analyse the scanned films to quantify dot intensity using any available protocol or instruction using ImageJ. Specifically, I am seeking insights on selecting the appropriate area for intensity measurement, taking into account the presence of both intense and light dots.
I have attached a sample image of the scanned film for reference, and I am more than willing to provide additional details or clarification upon request.
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The three pairs of dots in the corners are your reference controls. You should normalize the intensity of the other pairs to those.
In regards to ROI selection, every dot should have the same size in this blot. The control dots are overexposed and have bled into adjacent pixels, so I wouldn't just use the size of the largest dot for your measurements. The pair of dots near the middle of the top image looks to be the proper size, so I would recommend those as the "ideal" area. However, you can also use the integrated signal density (equivalent to the mean intensity * area) to deal with differently sized ROIs.
I recommend using the Licor Image Studio (https://www.licor.com/bio/image-studio/, the Lite version is free to use) for densitometric quantification. They make it simple to do local background subtraction and make it easier to assess the shoulders of your ROI.
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PGA solvents are toxic and I need a better approach to create films with this polymer.
In advance, Thank you for you time and consideration.
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A novel melt-foaming strategy using supercritical carbon dioxide can prepare porous PGA scaffolds with controllable morphology and outstanding mechanical properties without toxic solvents. Bioabsorbable poly(glycolide-co-lactide) fibers show increased crystallinity, higher tensile strength, and reduced heat shrinkage after post-annealing, supporting cleavage-induced crystallization. Also, PGA crystals and fibers exhibit high elastic anisotropy due to their planar zigzag conformation, with a tensile chain modulus of 294 GPa and a longitudinal shear modulus of 6 GPa.
Therefore, In vitro hydrolytic degradation of poly(glycolic acid) reveals a two-stage degradation mechanism, with irradiation decreasing this mechanism and resulting in a monotonic degradation profile at 20 Mrads. It is also worth noting that the buffering in a phosphate-buffered physiological saline solution accelerates the degradation of poly(glycolic acid) structures, potentially due to the presence of Na2HPO4, which removes degradation products and accelerates tensile strength loss.
Please see this researches that might be useful:
· Novel fabricating process for porous polyglycolic acid scaffolds by melt-foaming using supercritical carbon dioxide, ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2017. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00692
Best regards,
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I want to get good films out of them, knowing that the melting process was complete, but the films weren't clear.
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Nina Bou, While using ethanol as a solvent, make sure to use high-purity ethanol, clean the substrate thoroughly, anneal the material under control, and achieve the ideal film thickness.
When using ethanol as a solvent, optimize the deposition technique (such as sol-gel spin coating or spray pyrolysis) and carefully control the film composition, thickness, and morphology to enhance film quality and transparency. This will help you achieve clear SnO2 thin films without stains.
  • Zinchenko, T., Pecherskaya, E., Gurin, S., Kozlov, G., Zhurina, A., & Shepeleva, A. (2022, December). Synthesis of thin-film layers of electrochromic panels based on SnO2 and WO3 by aerosol pyrolysis. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2373, No. 3, p. 032019). IOP Publishing.
  • Korotcenkov, G., DiBattista, M., Schwank, J., & Brinzari, V. (2000). Structural characterization of SnO2 gas sensing films deposited by spray pyrolysis. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 77(1), 33-39.
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The peak current densitiy of HiPIMS is usually 0.5~2.0 A/cm2, nearly equal to that of the cathodic arc evaporation. The duty of the HiPIMS is always less than 10%. However, the deposition rate of the HiPIMS films is close to ARC film, several μm per hour, they didn't show a more than tenfold of difference. Why?
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Well, you Zhengtao Wu know, the deposition rate in the wild world of HiPIMS films can be a bit perplexing. It's like trying to figure out why cats always land on their feet—there's some physics magic involved. Now, the peak current density in HiPIMS dances around 0.5 to 2.0 A/cm², living life on the edge, much like a rockstar on stage.
But here's the twist: the duty cycle of HiPIMS likes to keep things under 10%, playing it cool. Now, despite the current density and duty cycle doing their tango, the deposition rate of HiPIMS films is hanging out in the same club as ARC films, clocking several μm per hour. It's like they're at the same party, not really showing a massive difference, and that, my friend Zhengtao Wu, is the mysterious allure of thin film deposition.
Now, why aren't they wildly different? It's a bit like asking why peanut butter and jelly go so well together—sometimes, things just harmonize in ways we can't always explain. Perhaps there's a subtle dance between the ions and atoms that's more like a secret handshake than a flashy performance. Science, my friend Zhengtao Wu, is full of these intriguing mysteries.
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In thermal evaporation process, for the digital thickness monitor to display thickness of films, we need to input, density, acoustic impedance, tooling factor. For standard compositions it is available in literature. What if we made a particular composition, how can we find it?
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Hey there Anila Thomas! Well, diving into the realm of chalcogenide glasses, the acoustic impedance of GeSeTeSb is a bit of a specific nugget. You Anila Thomas know, it's like the rockstar of glasses. Now, the standard compositions are easy-peasy to find in literature, but for your custom mixtape, we need a different approach.
First off, density is your buddy; you Anila Thomas can measure that with a precision scale. Now, for the acoustic impedance, it's a bit trickier. You Anila Thomas might need to get experimental, my friend Anila Thomas. Run some ultrasonic tests, maybe? Shoot sound waves through your concoction and see how it responds.
Remember, don't settle for the ordinary. So, put on your scientist hat, grab your lab coat, and let's make some groundbreaking discoveries in the world of unique glass compositions! 🚀
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Dear Colleaguse,
We are trying to simulate the XRR nanolayers to get information about the density parameters of PS films on Si substrate.
And I found that no matter how I adjusted the parameters of PS film and the substrate, I could not make the first half of the fitted image match the shape of the data. I tried to change the density of the Si substrate, but to get a better fitting curve would more than double the density of the substrate, which I don't think is right.
Does anyone have an idea of where is the problem, and what we have to change/modify to get a better simulation?
Thanks in advance.
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Dear Zhijing Hu ,
I think, you have already identified the critical 'point' in the mismatch of the calculated and the 'measured' angular dependence of the reflectivity.
It is the cutt-off of the reflectivity; i.e. the critical angle of total reflection which is proportional to the square root of the density of your PS layer.
I do not know your x-ray wavelength (or photon energy);
So a) please share the estimated value of the critical angle of total reflection...
It must be in the range of a very few 0,1° ?
Please compare this small value with the precision (uncertainty) of your angular scale in the experimental XRR pattern. It is not an easy task to provide a 'perfect' offset-free experimental angular scale.
You should b) play around with an angular offset in the measured XRR pattern and see how you can solve your issue ...
Good luck and
best regards
G.M.
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I'm currently making calcium alginate films by solvent casting followed by imersion in CaCl2 solutions. After the imersion, while drying the films, they start shrinking and getting the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid. I already tried to change the concentration of CaCl2, the plasticizer and the plasticizer concentration. The drying occurs at ambient temperature and pressure. I cannot lyophilize nor pressurize the drying process. Is there a way to hold it in a circular shape without risking tearing them apart in the process?
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Shrinkage of Alginate Hydrogel Bioinks Potentially Used in 3D Bioprinting Technology
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Abstract:
Hydrogels are cross-linked polymeric structures, which consist of up to approximately 90% water, the remainder is polymer chain. Retention of large volumes of water in the intermolecular space is related to the presence of hydrophilic functional groups in the network. The unique hydrogels properties, such as porosity, and biological and mechanical properties, make them suitable for a wide range of applications, especially in the medical sector. Furthermore, ease of modification and good printability are expected in 3D bioprinting technologies. Nevertheless, to maintain their structure and softness, hydrogels must be stored in suitable conditions to prevent water vaporization. The water removal from the hydrogel network results in weight reduction, structural and volumetric changes. It is a considerable challenge for the printouts manufactured by 3D bioprinting technology, where hydrogel products are exposed to drying during the production process, which may affect their shape change and shrinkage. The paper presents a crosslinking process of a hydrogel-based on sodium alginate and the shrinkage of dried hydrogels depending on the crosslinking procedure. An investigation focused on the alginate hydrogel water content, as well as shrinkage of alginate hydrogel degree depending on the concentration of the cross-linking (CaCl2) solution and the duration of the process. For longer cross-linking time or using higher cross-linking agent concentration, the cross-linking was more efficient. However, it is necessary to optimize the parameters for the bioprinting process.
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I prepared SnS films by chemical bath deposition method. I need the ICDD card number of SnS cubic crystal structure to analysis of XRD patterns of films.
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A simple search for "SnS cubic" will yield as top result the link to the materials project page on SnS. A link in this page yields the entry in the ICSD data bank, which includes a link to the original publication in B.F. Bilenkii, A.G. Mikolaichuk, D.M. Freik, Physica Status Solidi, 1968, 28, K5, DOI: 10.1002/pssb.19680280146.
You can also find this entry without any effort in the Crystallography Open Data base.
SnS cubic has a=5.81 Angstroem, halite structure.
With the information contained therein it is straightforward to calculate the powder pattern by hand or to use and Rietveld type program to calculate the powder diffraction pattern.
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The laser 532 nm can penetrates around 700 nm depth in the sample, ( in the case, silicon cabide 4H) so then, the nickel silicide films we fabricated have around 150 nm thick. When we perform raman tests we can see only silicon carbide peaks. How to solve the depth problem of laser penetration ?
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Dear friend Renato Beraldo
Alright, buckle up because I am here to tackle the Raman spectroscopy challenge with unbridled enthusiasm!
Now, about your dilemma with those elusive nickel silicide peaks buried beneath the dominating silicon carbide signals—this is a classic battle of penetration depth, and we're going to conquer it!
1. **Adjust Laser Wavelength:**
- Try using a laser with a longer wavelength. Longer wavelengths generally penetrate deeper into materials. Consider a laser in the near-infrared range, which may better interact with the nickel silicide layer.
2. **Utilize Multiple Excitation Wavelengths:**
- Employ different laser wavelengths to selectively excite different materials. This multi-wavelength approach can help unveil the distinct Raman signatures of both silicon carbide and nickel silicide.
3. **Optimize Laser Power:**
- Adjust the laser power. Lower power might reduce the depth of penetration, potentially allowing you to focus on the thinner nickel silicide layer.
4. **Confocal Raman Microscopy:**
- If available, consider using confocal Raman microscopy. This technique uses a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light, enabling better depth resolution.
5. **Enhance Signal from Nickel Silicide:**
- Experiment with enhancing techniques. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) or resonance Raman scattering might amplify the nickel silicide signals.
6. **Thin Sectioning:**
- If feasible, consider thin sectioning your sample. Reducing the thickness of your sample can improve the chances of detecting the nickel silicide peaks.
7. **Sample Preparation:**
- Optimize sample preparation. Ensure a smooth and uniform surface. Any irregularities might affect the depth of focus.
8. **Collaborate and Seek Expert Advice:**
- Don't hesitate to reach out to Raman spectroscopy experts or collaborate with researchers who specialize in similar materials. Their experience could provide valuable insights.
Now, go forth, fearless experimenter Renato Beraldo! Conquer the depth problem and unveil the mysteries hidden within those nickel silicide thin films. I believe in you!
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I tried to find, but didn't found any effective solution.
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Dear Ayush Tara,
This paper discusses a bit the details and pitfalls of UPS measurements on Perovskites:
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I have been working for several years in the modelling, optimization, production and quality assessment of the composition of polymer films intended for application on human skin. I produce films by casting, and as excipients, I use various cellulosic polymers together with plasticizers. Maybe someone works in this field and would like to cooperate, then contact me via the following e-mail: Modestas.Zilius@lsmuni.lt
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What quality analysis methods do you use when evaluating products?
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In RF sputtering, the typical growth rate of ZnO at power of 100 W is about 50 - 100 nm per hour. Our films were grown at 100W for 20 min and the tickness of the film from the cross sectional FESEM is 209 nm. How could the films be so thick?
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Hello again.
The growth rate is highly dependent on the chamber geometry and especially the target diameter and target-substrate distance. If you sputter from a 12" target, with 100W you will probably have barely any growth rate (if you manage to maintain the plasma at all), from a 2" or smaller target, the growth rate you describe would not be that surprising if the substrate is close enough.
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I had a quick question about tape casting/slurry coating films in general, and was hoping for some insights on getting a freestanding tape of Silicon or Carbon/Alumina. I'm trying to get freestanding tapes that are 100 - 300 um thick to cut to size for a subsequent heat treatment process.
I'm having difficulty in getting the dried film to release and have no idea why. My substrate is silicone coated mylar (release film), binder is Polypropylene carbonate, and solvent is DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate). Solid weight loading is around 30 - 35 wt%, binder is 5 - 10 wt %, and solvent is the rest. Does anyone have experience with the same?
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In addition, the Tg of the binder is 15 - 40 C. At room temperature, it is already clumps together if in pellet form. This is why I haven't added any plasticizers into the slurry.
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In the XRD experimental analysis of polycrystalline TiN films, are TiN (111) and TiN (222) different crystal planes? Or are they the result of different diffraction levels of the same crystal plane? If they are the same crystal plane, what factors are related to the changes in the intensities of the (111) and (222) peaks?
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And from your point of view I can say,
Let us say this FCC crystal
So first order diffraction peak is corresponding to (111)
The second order diffraction is (222)
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I am writing a thesis on a specific subgenre of film in relation to feminism and was wondering what methods are best to adapt when doing an in-depth analysis of the selected films. What would be the right method(s) in order to perform a well-rounded analysis (textual, visual, narrative) on multiple aspects of the films selected?
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قبل كل شيء أعتقد أنه يجب عليك فهم المغزى العام من الفلم (فهم كلي) ومن ثم عزل العناصر التي تتجسد فيها أفكار النسوية (لقطات الفلم، حوارات، نماذج من الشخصيات) ومن ثم فهم هذا الجزء في ضوء الكل (تماما كالحلقة الهرمونيطيقية)، فإذا ما حصل هذا يمكن الاستعانة بمناهج مختلفة تخدم توجهك وبما أنك في مجال الصورة والسينما ستحتاج إلى جملة من الأدوات المختلفة تستعيرها من مناهج مختلفة (المنهج السيميائي، المنهج البنيوي خصوصا أن الفلم يستند إلى قصة أو سيناريو مكتوب، المنهج المقارن) ومن ثم تركب تحليلك
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Hi,
These measurements are new to me so apologies for the naive questions. How can I use profilometry or ellipsometry to measure the thickness of spin coated quantum dot films on CVD graphene (on a copper substrate)? Given the uniform coverage across the film, I do not have any obvious steps that would be well suited for profilometry. I saw a few papers use ellipsometry but I am not sure what would be the right fitting procedure to use to accurately measure the thickness. Any help in either of these directions would be very helpful!
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Thank you for the detailed explanation. Will be trying this out soon!
Thank you to others for your inputs as well!
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After blending of banana rachis fiber drived CNC with PLA to fabricate nanocomposite films there has clearly been identified a sharp peak at 2350 cm-1, it is urgent to know which functional group actually responsible for this absorption peak, if you are expert please provide the r8 information addressing this particular case.
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Might be responsible for the presence of COOH str.
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Hello everyone,
I have obtained SAED patterns of MoO3-x films deposited at different substrate temperature and now I want to find the zone axis to know how the substrate temperature has induced the structural distortion and generated oxygen vacancies inside MoO3-x films.
Can anyone suggest the method or articles related to these types of studies?
Thanks
Juhi
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MoO3 has two phase. One is The charge transfer characteristics of metastable-phase hexagonal molybdenum oxide (h-MoO3) and stable-phase orthorhombic MoO3 (α-MoO3).
I cheched on the paper
Hydrothermally Synthesized h-MoO3 and α-MoO3 Nanocrystals: New Findings on Crystal-Structure-Dependent Charge Transport
  • A. Chithambararaj
  • N. Rajeswari Yogamalar
  • A. Chandra Bose*†Publication Date:February 3, 2016
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
Ishikawa
Thank you
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I want to make a polymer film by using polyurethane diol solution mixed with carbon dots. But the issue is that, even when I dry it at 60 degrees, it does not transform into polymer films. Carbon dot is completely dissolve in the polyurethane diol solution.
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thank you sir... Kishore Kumar Sriramoju
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Somewhere i read that the bandgap increases due to localized states and stronger associations of the films with substrate with annealing temp. Why?
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Hello
This happens when the bond length is shortened either by changes in atomic stoichiometry or by decrease in the lattice constant due to some external effect like annealing
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Hey, Can someone explain me how I can prepare Al2O3 films on glass?
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Read these articles:
10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138299
10.1016/j.matchar.2006.05.015
10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00805
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Recently we have fabricated a biobased nanocomposite films from PLA/CNC by effective blending then solution casting method followed by EIPS. But for a perticular composite it has clerly been found a large agglomeration additionally poor adhesion during compounding indeed whereas it exhibited less thermal stability & lower crystalinity index. But i am not sure about the actual reason behind the sence but suspect that the large agglomeration & poor adhesion is guilty for it, is it?
What do you think about it?
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thanks for your information
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Can I know the variables to be used in the preparation, like dependent variables and independent variables
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Dear friend Manohar S K
Design of Experiments (DoE) is a statistical tool that can be used to optimize the formulation of nanocrystal-loaded orodispersible films. It is a very useful technique to gain synthetic control over nanocrystal characteristics compared to the traditional One Variable At a Time (OVAT) method (Efficient production of nanoparticle-loaded........ ).
The dependent variables in the preparation of nanocrystal-loaded orodispersible films include the drug release rate, disintegration time, and mechanical properties of the film. The independent variables include the concentration of the drug, type and concentration of polymer, plasticizer type and concentration, and surfactant type and concentration (Design of Experiments for Nanocrystal Syntheses....).
Here are some references that you might find useful:
(1) Design of Experiments for Nanocrystal Syntheses: A How-To Guide for .... https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c02924.
(3) Efficient production of nanoparticle-loaded orodispersible films by .... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27477101/.
(4) Development of Nanocrystal Ziprasidone Orally Disintegrating ... - Springer. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1208/s12249-020-01653-9.
(5) Designing Fast-Dissolving Orodispersible Films of Amphotericin B for .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723921/.
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I am trying to make rubber films from Natural rubber. Unfortunately, I don't have access to extruders or similar equipment and therefore work with solvents. As for my curing system, I am using Sulphur, DPG, Zinkoxide and Stearic Acid. I dissolve/disperse everything and then cast the solution into containers. Once the films are completely dry, I vulcanise them in an oven at 160 °C. However, the films look inhomogenious, are easy to break and are extremely sticky and tacky.
I hope someone can tell me what might be happening during cross-linking and how I can improve my process. I am grateful for any suggestions.
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Question is, how well have you mixed/dispersed components? How your non homogenity look like ? If you can share more info I can try to help you. jiribrejcha@seznam.cz Kind regards Jirka
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Hello everyone,
I'm currently researching printed CIGS solar cells and wondering about the corrosion mechanism in CIGS films due to oxygen exposure. Does anyone have insights into how this process works and what we can do to prevent degradation of the samples?
Should the samples be stored in an N2-filled glovebox, and if so, what is the appropriate level of oxygen ppm to prevent degradation? Your insights would be greatly appreciated.
Best regards,
Maryam
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The main reason can be attributed to stress corrosion cracking which is caused due to corrosion occurence under the influence of environment factors and material fatigue.
The environment factors include moisture , flow rate, electrode potential of CIGS cells , temperature and material fatigue is due to surface conditions and microstructure of CIGS solar cells.
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I am writing my dissertation for female representation of Hollywood female-led films. And I am going to choose one film as my main case study. I would like to analyse the images and character's line to illustrate how gender stereotypes have been both challenged and reinforced in the film. However, I am struggling to choose a methodology for my dissertation. I have read some articles, but I am still confused about which one shall I choose. May I please have some suggestions? Thank you!
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Both content analysis and thematic analysis are methods for analyzing qualitative data, but they differ in some key ways.
Content analysis involves systematically categorizing and quantifying the content of a communication, such as speech, writing, or visual media. This can involve coding the content of the communication according to specific predefined categories. For example, in a study of gender stereotypes in film, content analysis might involve coding the gender of each character, or categorizing types of dialogue as reinforcing or challenging gender stereotypes.
Thematic analysis, on the other hand, involves identifying and analyzing recurring patterns or themes within qualitative data. This process is more interpretive and less focused on categorization and quantification than content analysis. For example, in a study of gender stereotypes in film using thematic analysis, a researcher might identify key themes related to the representation of women and analyze how they are portrayed in the film.
Both content analysis and thematic analysis can be considered types of textual analysis, which is a broader category of methods that involve analyzing written or spoken language or other forms of text.
For your dissertation, given your research question, it sounds like content analysis might be a good fit, as you are interested in analyzing the content of the film in a systematic way to identify how gender stereotypes are both challenged and reinforced. You may want to consider developing a coding scheme to categorize different aspects of the film's content, such as the gender of characters and types of dialogue. However, it's ultimately up to you to choose the most appropriate method based on your research question and the data you will be analyzing.
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No use of SEM, by methods such as IV testing
And how to observe the sample using TEM?
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The classical use of the SEM would not bring anything, but the use of its electron beam allows to solve all material problems. If you want to learn how to do it, contact me.The classical use of the SEM would not bring anything, but the use of its electron beam allows to solve all material problems. If you want to learn how to do it, contact me.
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Many studies have explained the changes in peak intensity in XRD patterns of irradiated polymeric films, but I have found little information on the shift effect. Could someone please provide some assistance?
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Dear friend Tasnime Rasselkaf
Gamma irradiation can cause structural changes in polymeric materials due to the energy of the ionizing radiation interacting with the material. One of the effects of this interaction can be a shift in the XRD peaks compared to the virgin sample. This shift can be attributed to changes in the crystalline structure of the material, which can affect the spacing between the planes of atoms that produce the diffraction peaks.
Several mechanisms can cause peak shifts in XRD patterns of irradiated polymeric films, including the introduction of free radicals, crosslinking, and chain scission. These mechanisms can result in changes in the degree of crystallinity, crystallite size, and orientation of the polymer chains, which can affect the XRD pattern.
In some cases, the peak shift can be used to estimate the degree of crosslinking or chain scission in the polymeric material. However, interpreting peak shifts in XRD patterns of irradiated polymeric films can be challenging and may require additional analysis techniques to confirm the structural changes in the material.
References:
1. K. Bouchoucha, F. Guinneton, and M. Fontaine, "X-ray diffraction analysis of polyethylene irradiated in air or in vacuum," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 85, pp. 2115-2122, 2002.
2. J. F. Scott and T. T. Xu, "X-ray diffraction studies of gamma irradiated and thermally annealed polyethylene," Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 33, pp. 1841-1849, 1995.
3. M. Arunachalam, V. K. Gupta, and P. K. Sehgal, "XRD and SEM studies of gamma irradiated LDPE," Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 74, pp. 249-252, 2005.
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I want to perform XRD on 1-2mm thick and 2*2 cm size plastic films. Do they also need any prior treatment or can I perform the analysis directly?
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The preparation required for XRD analysis of plastic films depends on the specific material and the type of XRD analysis you plan to perform. In general, plastic films are amorphous, meaning they lack a defined crystal structure, which makes them challenging to analyze using XRD.
If you are interested in identifying the chemical composition of the plastic film, you may need to prepare a thin section of the material or dissolve it in a suitable solvent and analyze the resulting solution using other analytical techniques such as spectroscopy.
On the other hand, if you want to analyze the crystallinity of the plastic film, you may be able to perform XRD directly on the film. However, you may need to consider the following factors:
  1. Film thickness: Thin films may not produce a strong diffraction signal, and you may need to stack multiple films to increase the thickness.
  2. Sample preparation: The plastic film may need to be mounted onto a glass slide or a sample holder to maintain a consistent sample thickness.
  3. XRD instrument: The XRD instrument should be equipped with a suitable detector for detecting low-intensity diffraction signals.
Overall, it is recommended to consult with an XRD specialist or an analytical lab to determine the best approach for XRD analysis of plastic films.
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I am growing PtTe2 films using direct tellurization of Pt films in CVD system. The Raman spectra of the film is matching well with literature. But the EDAX and XPS results are not coming good. How can I accurately know that which phase of Pt/Te is forming or is there any extra Te that is sticking on surface of the film.
Thank You
Regards
Pinki
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Yes, there are XPS setups which allow you to sputter and measure simultaneously. It's called XPS depth profiling, see
Alternatively, you can combine EDX with FIB, if your setup has that available.
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I have thin metallic and ferromagnetic films on the quartz substrate and I want to clean the surface of these films. what are the cleaning procedures for metallic thin films and ferromagnetic thin films?
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You must know how the thin film material can be dissolved. It depends purely on the material you have deposited on your quartz substrate.
Never use HF acid it can spoil your quartz substrate surface.
Bare quartz substrates can be cleaned in soap water, HW + CW, and then TCE, acetone and vapor degreased in methanol.
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I would like to see a clearer distinction between nanoporous/nanotubular films. For example, if a thin layer of oxide with a low content of fluorine is formed on the upper surface of the TiO2 films is it a nanotubes or a nanoporous structure? What degree of dissolution of the fluorine-enriched layer between the nanotubes is necessary for the sample to be attributed to nanotubes?
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The TiO2 NTs were synthesized by electrochemical anodization of titanium foils in an ethylene glycol based electrolyte solution containing 0.3 wt% NH4F and 2 vol% deionized (DI) water at constant potential (50 V) for 1 h at room temperature.
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Hello everyone,
When using an oscilloscope to test the piezoelectric properties of devices assembled with PVDF films, how to distinguish whether the generated signal is piezoelectric or triboelectric?
Thanks,
Jason
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Kindly go through this article.
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I am depositing thin films of Co using RF sputtering (magnetron) system. The deposition pressure is 7 x 10-3 mbar and RF power is 80 W at 20 sccm Argon flow. Earlier I was getting a sheet resistance around 400 ohms for a 4 nm thin film but now after almost 1 month, the 4 nm film resistance is coming around 1k ohm and there is no FMR signal is coming. I have changed the gas cylinder and tried to check the the possible things to look for.
Now I want to work on power and deposition pressure. Can anyone please help me how these parameters effect the film quality and magnetic behavior of Cobalt.
Thanks
Best Regards
Pinki
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Dear Pnnki,
The following info seem to be relevant and helpful:
_____
_____
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Magnetic anisotropy and electrical property of CoZrTaB thin films deposited by oblique sputtering
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Is there any method to calculate the thickness of the films by AFM analysis.
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Dear all, please have a look at the following similar RG thread. I have pointed on a paper comparing major technique for film thickness measuring. My Regards
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I have a nanochannel with a top and bottom surfaces silicon nitride. I found a note that says "Hydrolysis of stoichiometric silicon nitride to evolve ammonia is known to occur for films exposed to liquid- and vapour-phase water [ Si3N4 + 6H2O->3SiO2 + 4NH3]. But it doesn't say at what condition this would occur. I am wondering whether I need to consider this phenomena for my nanochannel case as well.
Thank you!
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HF solution treatment of a silicon surface turns it moderately hydrophobic, because of an Si-H film forming on the surface. See (if you can get access)
A study of the ionic route for hydrogen terminations... DOI: 10.1016/s0169-4332(98)00182-2 (Cerofolini, Applied Surface Science 133, 108 (1998).
This film is not stable in the long run. It will typically be replaced by the usual Si-OH within minutes or hours, depending on the exposure conditions. It may be hard to figure out exactly what happens in your nanochannels, but the next best thing is to examine flat coupons of the same material with the same treatment sequence and see how fast they convert from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by measuring contact angle of water droplets. (The difference is stark enough that a qualitative assessment can actually be done visually, without instrumentation.)
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Dear sir
Please let me know the best solvent to dissolve polypyrrole. I am planning to prepare polypyrrole and co polimer films.
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Dear Sir, normally conducting polymers have no solvents, but only dispersions are possible to form. If solvation is achieved, this means that you have only low MW oligomers. You can consult the profile and contributions (answers and publications) of Prof. Bernhard Wessling, he is the best expert on RG in this topic. My Regards
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  • SHOT defines a continuous view filmed by one camera without interruption . Each shot is a take . ( if the setup is changed in any way - camera moved ,lens changed or different action filmed -it is a new shot ,not a retake )
  • SCENE defines the place or setting where the action is laid . A scene may consist of one shot or series of shots depicting a continuous event .
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You could read a bit more about
extracting iframes here.
In answer to your question, you could develop a simple script to get the time code of exact scene changing frames, and that the frames that follows until another scene changing frame comes up, can be counted as a shot.
This is what i have learnt so far, but im sure there are better ways. Please do let me know if you have come across any.
Hope this helps.
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Hi to everyone, I'm trying to obtain information about the morphology of small cylinders of GelMA. As they were too thick we cut them prior to standard treatment with Pt/pd coating required for SEM imaging. However, this process seems to alter the hydrogel structure leading to no significant data. Can GelMA films work better? We want to try heat-drying the samples instead of freeze-drying them but my concern is creating a temperature gradient that can alter the porosity. Has anyone ever tried this method?
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It looks like you used the following method
GelMA hydrogels were placed on copper meshes, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized by vacuum freeze dryer overnight. The specimen surface was then coated with gold/palladium Pt/Pd) for SEM observation.
Freeze drying is the best for this purpose. The Pt / Pd coating is necessary to protect the film from electron beams that decompose organic matter. I would try using a SEM after freeze drying, but keep the sample in the chamber for as little time as possible.
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I am studying microbial biodegradation of polyethylene and I want to make some pure PE films so there is not risk of other carbon sources from plasticizers. I have LDPE powder already and would like to use this if possible to make some films, the melting temp of the powder is 92oC. Could anyone help me with a method of how to turn the powder into a film, or if it can only be easily done with pellets - how to turn pellets into film?
Thank you so much,
Nels Wedin, University of Minnesota
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I suggest you to have a look at the Material and Methods of the following, interesting paper:
-An approach to low-density polyethylene biodegradation by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Merina Paul and Santosh Kumar
3 Biotech., 5(1): 81–86 (2015)
Published online 2014 Mar 17. doi: 10.1007/s13205-014-0205-1
Good luck and my best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.
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In a standard nanoindentation test of thin films, one must be careful about the indentation depth. If the penetration is too low (comparable to roughness), the resulting hardness can be much higher. If the penetration is too high, the substrate hardness will influence the coating hardness, resulting in lower values (typically). So ideal hardness measurement is around 10 % of coating thickness.
My question is: How to measure the hardness of the multilayer structure? Let's say we have a multilayer coating with TiN and AlN; both films are 20 nm thick. The total thickness is 600 nm. How deep should I indent this structure to get the correct information about the hardness of this multi-structure? And how should I change the depth when one of the coatings (i.e. AlN) is 10 nm and the other one 20 nm?
Thank you for your answers and opinions.
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Try using instrumented hardness, where you can set several parameters for hardness measurement. The advantage is that the result is a graph throughout the measurement. E.g. the dependence of the speed on the depth of the imprint, etc.. you can even see the transition between the individual layers even slightly.
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I am examining dielectric constants of polymer films by LCR meter. As capacitance is directly proportional to area of electrodes and inversely proportional to thickness. Hence in order to have a comparison, thickness and area has to be same. So how to prepare samples for dielectric measurements in order to have accurate results?
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You are most welcome dear Anupam Chowdhury . Wish you the best always.
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I am studying the nonlinear properties of polymeric films doped with organic dye . I need to measure the refraction index of the film in order to calculate the nonlinear refraction index of it .
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Good day!
The refractive indexes of polymer films may be measured by auto-laser ellipsometer:
If you have found current answer as useful, please, do not hesitate to recommend it. That will help other researches to find the best answer, according to their purposes. Best of luck in your research!
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We will be very grateful for a discussion, experience sharing, possible experimental challenges for the accurate and reliable photoluminescence (PL) investigation of 2D TMDC layers/films (WSe2) using Spectrofluorometer with a monochromatic light source (Xe arc lamp).
We have performed PL spectral analysis of various WSe2 films (mono- and multilayered) on different substrates (c-cut sapphire, fused silica, SiO2, Si).
PL properties of WSe2 (and other semiconducting TMDC) are extensively investigated with a strong thickness dependence and usually broad peaks structure. The majority of the PL studies are based on a laser source configuration, while the PL analysis of TMDC thin films using Spectrofluorometer are very rare.
However, our acquired spectrum (for all studied thin film samples) is untypical and consists of single very narrow peak at 754nm(1.64eV) with linewidth ~ 10meV at λexc = 500nm.
The samples are produced by Chemical Vapour Deposition and Thermal Assisted Conversion.
Thank you!
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Hi,
Firstly the noise which is coming in your sample is due to scattering (lamp phenomena). Secondly sometimes lamp intensity is not so high that can excite and gives you emission. Is this peak matches one with the literature or laser based pl system.
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Tannic Acid Modification.
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Dear Harsh,
Maybe i will not properly answer your question, but in my understanding tannic acid has a lot phenolic groups which are already very reactive to hydroxyl radical.
Have you ever tried to performe irradiation of tannic acid aqueous solution with ionizing radiations (i.e. electorn beam or gamma-rays ?). You will produced a lot of hydroxyl radical throught water radiolysis which should react with tannic acid.
All the best,
Nicolas
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It has been brought to our attention that there is a manufacturing problem with different types of autoradiography films and the earliest date for shipping is in October. We are close to deadlines and this is too late for us. Does anyone have extra BioMax MR Films and is willing to sell them? Thanks
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Thank you for your reply Katarina Ilic , I would so appreciate it if you let me know if you've found a distributor!
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I am trying to do some dielectric measurements in a parallel plat set up on polymer and colloidal films but am getting absurdly high numbers. Can anyone recommend a solution with a known dielectric spectrum that I can use to test the validity of my set up?
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Dear Colleague, you should begin with well-defined polymer films (polyethylene, maybe PVC if you want to see a polar polymer too). PE should yield a permittviiy of about 2.2 with extremely low loss (on the order of 0.001 - 0.0001). PVC (especially plasticized should give higher perimmtivity and loss. You may also try PET films. These are easily available anywhere (packaging materials).
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I am researching about the molecular-level cling mechanism of PIB in polyethylene films. However, I didn't find neighter satisfatory nor cientific answers. Can any one indicate a article, book chapter or link with a more technical answer?
Thanks in advance.
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Dear Alan Moraes, which mechanism you are looking for ? It is a migration process of low molecular weight fraction to the surface causing cling or stickiness. The incompatibility of the two polymers is the reason. Please have a look at the following documents. My Regards
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I'm searching for different ways to create hydrogel or chitosan films on hard surface
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Wisnu Sudjarwo thank you for your answer,can you please also describe the cleaning method of the quartz discs?
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I what to select some polymers for an intended application, where a specific compressive strength is needed. But, the tensile strengths of the polymers are usually reported in the catalogues. Is there any reliable formula for the relationship between tensile strength and compressive strength of polymer films?
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Dear Hadi Bakhshi, most studies are devoted to concrete and polymer composites. I could not find any study related to polymer films. However the following paper shows some interesting approach and derivations, hope it will be usefull. My Regards
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Why do all the metal oxides (amorphous) deposited by ALD have the same phenomenon?
(not considering the temperature effect here)
They all have lower refractive indexes with thinner films(fewer cycles) and refractive indexes increase with the thickness(still amorphous).
Does ALD have some imperfect mechanism in the early deposition process, or is it the nature of metal oxides?
How do we explain this phenomenon?