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Film - Science topic
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Questions related to Film
Dear all,
I am looking for the use of a Langmuir–Hinshelwood model over film after being degraded using TiO2 in air. Is correct to use it?.Is possible to suggest that the thickness of the PS film will be affected by the photocatalytic efficiency?
Thank you in advance for your anwswers,
Kind regards
Rosa M Huertas
Dear all,
I am currently spin-coating a 10 wt% polystyrene (Mw = 280,000) solution in anisole onto a silicon wafer. The wafer is pre-cleaned using acetone sonication followed by isopropanol sonication, each for 5 minutes. The spin-coating parameters are:
- Speed: 2000 rpm
- Duration: 1 minute
- Acceleration: 500 rpm/s
I have experimented with different coating volumes, but all resulted in the same surface appearance (see attached image). The procedure follows an exact protocol from a published paper, yet the outcome seems inconsistent with the expected results.
Could anyone provide insights into potential causes for this issue? Any suggestions or troubleshooting advice would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance for your help!

I am attempting to calculate the vertical carrier mobility through a semiconductor powder sample coated on FTO using Spin Coating method. The I-V results I recorded using SMU 2401, shows current saturation at very low voltage like 0.3V, 0.4V etc. From Literature I found the saturation Value to be more than 2V. What could be the reason of showing this much low current saturation in my sample. I want know the possible reasons behind such result. whether the device is short? or any other reasons? I am attaching the images of (a) the configuration I chose for coating and I-V measurements (b) Corresponding I-V Graph of my sample (c) reference I-V plot taken from literature .



What suggestions can be made to develop Sri Lankan law regarding copyrights and related rights for protecting the intellectual property rights of creators, actors, and producers in the film industry?
you can see that the XRD peak is split. This is the first time I've seen this phenomenon. I wonder what the cause is. and how can i fix it?
This is a sample with 5nm of Ag deposited on a CsPbBr3 single crystalline film.

Now that Carestream/Kodak Biomax MR film is no longer available, I am looking for a replacement film for 14C-mouse brain autoradiography that optimizes spatial resolution. There are a host of analog films commercially available but scant information about the technical characteristics of these films, even from manufacturers. If any one is using an alternate film they are happy with, it would be much appreciated if you could make a recommendation. Thank you.
I have recently prepared transition metal chalcogenides using a selenization method (which involves evaporating a layer of metal film with an ion beam and then reacting it with selenium powder). However, the grown thin film exhibits a pronounced granular texture and numerous voids under an optical microscope. Despite having sharp Raman spectroscopy peaks, no photocurrent response from the material can be observed. May I ask what the reason for this is, and how should I regulate the growth of the thin film? (What should be used as the criterion for evaluating the quality of the thin film? Must the quality of thin films prepared by this method be inferior to those prepared by chemical vapor deposition?)
I'm preparing my activated carbon electrode from used coffee grounds for a Microbial Fuel Cell. Based on the literature I've reviewed, most studies use a substrate such as carbon cloth, graphite paper, and etc to attached the activated carbon. Is it feasible to directly attach the activated carbon electrode I've prepared onto a membrane? I'm still unclear about the necessity of attaching the activated carbon electrode to another carbon material. Thank you in advance for your assistance!
Hi, I m currently working on a hydrogel film composed of two polysaccharides, glycerol, and plant extract, and I am seeking advice on suitable analytical techniques to characterize its structure and surface properties.
Specifically, I am considering conducting Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses to investigate the composition, chemical interactions, and crystalline structure of the hydrogel. However, I am unsure if XRD would provide meaningful results given that the hydrogel is likely to be amorphous in nature due to the polymeric and hydrophilic components. In this context, I would greatly appreciate your insights on the following:
Would NMR be a suitable method to examine the molecular structure and interactions of the polysaccharides, glycerol, and plant extract in the hydrogel film?
Would XPS provide valuable surface-level information regarding the chemical bonding and distribution of elements within the film?
Given the amorphous characteristics of the hydrogel, do you think XRD would offer any significant data, or would it primarily result in a broad halo pattern due to the lack of crystalline order?
Your expertise and any recommendations regarding the most appropriate methods for analyzing this type of hydrogel film would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you for your time and consideration
I want to take UV spectra of film but the blank is not a film it is in small pieces so how i could perform the blank ?
should i dissolve both blank and sample in an appropriate solvent and then read the spectra ?
Using magnetron sputtering with an alloy target composed of A:B:C in a 2:1:1 ratio, the resulting thin film composition is A:B:C=1:1:1. How can you achieve a A:B:C=2:1:1 composition? What are some effective solutions?
I am working on characterizing thin films and would like to measure their thickness using the Hitachi AFM5100N model. Could someone provide a step-by-step guide or tips on the best approach to accurately measure film thickness with this AFM model?
- The choice of cantilever/probe for such measurements.
- Recommended settings or modes (e.g., contact, non-contact, or tapping).
- Any challenges or precautions to keep in mind during the process.
I want to calculate the thickness of a thin film deposited on glass with the transmittance using the Swanpoel method:
I use the transmittance spectrum of the sample (film + glass) or the T/T0 ratio ( T is the transmittance of (film+ glass) and T0 is the transmittance of the glass).
I am trying to measure the plasmon resonance angle of gold film and pure water using the Kretschmann configuration and a 633nm laser. Without flowing water over the gold, I can detect a clear absorption peak at 44 degrees. However, when I inject water into the flow cell I see no reflectance peak whatsoever, instead I see a (mostly) flat line with little to no change in absorption from 40 to 60 degrees. I am using ultra pure water so there are no impurities. The gold film has no impurities either and there are no bubbles in the flow cell. I have tried multiple thicknesses of the water layer ranging from less than half a millimeter to over 2 millimeters in depth. My beam spot size is 6mm in diameter and my fluidic well is 9mm. What could be causing this issue and how can I improve my setup?
304 stainless steel was oxidized using an induction coil under the following conditions: atmospheric atmosphere at 900°C, steam atmosphere at 900°C, and steam atmosphere at 1000°C. After the experiment, the oxide film thickness of the specimen oxidized in the atmospheric atmosphere at 900°C was approximately 5 μm, while the oxide film thickness of the specimen oxidized in the steam atmosphere at 900°C was about 20 μm, and the oxide film thickness of the specimen oxidized in the steam atmosphere at 1000°C was 45 μm. To determine the composition of the oxide films, XRD analysis was conducted. In the XRD data for the specimen oxidized in the atmospheric atmosphere at 900°C, Cr₂O₃ was detected at a high level, and an increasing trend in the background was observed. I am curious why only this specimen shows an increasing trend in the background.

This discussion explores the transformative role of AI and machine learning in the film industry, focusing on how these technologies serve as collaborative tools rather than mere utilities. We will examine AI’s applications in various stages of film production, from script analysis and set design to character creation, visual effects, and post-production enhancements. By analyzing real-world examples and emerging research, the discussion will delve into the creative partnership between human filmmakers and intelligent systems, highlighting the balance between automation and artistic control. Additionally, we will address the ethical and creative implications of using AI in storytelling, as well as the potential it holds for reshaping the future of film design and production.
This discussion delves into the transformative influence of artificial intelligence on film set construction, exploring how AI-driven tools are reshaping traditional practices in production design. We’ll examine how AI is optimizing the design process, enabling more dynamic visualization, and allowing for innovative set construction techniques that were once beyond reach. Participants will gain insights into the balance between AI capabilities and creative control, and discuss the future potential of AI as a vital collaborator in bringing cinematic worlds to life
How does the substrate atom hold the sample atoms on the film?
I have a prepared a carbon dots incoporated hydrogel film. I am wondering if someone could guide me about measuring the fluoroscence of the prepared film. Will 96 well plate be a right choice?
Any insights in this regard is greatly appreciated.
Thanks in advance! Have a great time!
I bought graphene oxide powder from Sigma Aldrich, dispersed it in DI water, and vacuum filtered it to make a film. However I am unable to figure out whether it is graphene oxide film or reduced graphene oxide film because the resistance is 4-5kohm.
If we are looking at an oxide film and want to measure its band gap, which of the two methods(xps/auger) will give us more information about the bulk and which will be more surface sensitive?
the exfoliated Graphite in Ethyl cellulose EC in ethanol dispersion forms a good dispersion in the liquid state but during drying at Room temperature (without heating) in air and recrystallization on precleaned glass slides, Accumulation of the graphene dark solid material appears at all the perimeter(edges) of the slides as in the attached photo. this accumulation prevent good coverage over all the film body and consequently gives low quality film uniformity and electrical properties. How can we drop cast dispersions of Gr/EC in ethanol without this coffee ring effect CRE ?

Please Note that the pattern is micron-sized grooves (diameter 100 microns with depth 200 microns).
Few literature mentions the film will form the nanoparticles of Au when on polished surface. But I want to know what will happen on patterned substrates.
I am working with PVDF films, which I prepare using DMF at 65°C. sometime, in the FTIR analysis of these films, a flat curve appears in the region where the beta phase peak is expected. What could be the reason for this flat curve? i am attaching the IR spectra for the reference.


I am working on polymer, i want to make film of PVDF so i made solution at 65 degree but it turns into gel when left for sometime at room temperature in open atmosphere. i am using DMF as solvent. what could be the reason of this gel formation also the film is not transparent as it should be. it is white in color?
Dear Research Community
I want to pattern PVDF-TrFE film to make semiconductor devices with ferroelectric properties.
I completed PVDF-TrFE film by coating it in film form using DMF and MEK as solvent. After that, I patterned it using PR to lift off the electrode and performed lift-off.
However, during lift-off, PVDF-TrFE dissolved in acetone and electrode patterning did not work.
Is there a way to pattern the device without dissolving in acetone?
Hello. I am a graduate student conducting research on BiVO₄ photoelectrodes.
I have been forming a BiOI film on FTO glass through an electrodeposition method (-0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and reacting it with VO(acac)₂ (450°C, 2°C/min, 2 hours).
As you can see in the pictures below, there seems to be no problem up to the electrodeposition process of the BiOI film, but after the reaction with VO(acac)₂, a large amount of material disappears, or droplet-like marks remain.
I am unable to speculate on what might be causing this issue, so I would like to seek the insights of more experienced researchers.



Hello,
I am trying to spray dry my material (hydrophilic) using PVA, but yield is the problem. During drying, my PVA material is sticking inside the drying chamber as it as film forming property. Can anyone help me how to avoid this and increase the yield of powder in cyclone?
I need to coat a layer of metal oxide on silica glass surface but i didn't go beyond 100 degree temp. And I want my film more adhesive and stable in water. Because when I kept my film in water it starts leaching. So let me know how to resolve this issues.
Chemical EOR
1. What is the average thickness of the brine film (1 nm??)
that exists between reservoir rock mineral surfaces and crude-oil droplets – associated with a carbonate reservoir?
In such cases, whether the oil requires to be removed
from solid rock surfaces, or, from relatively smoother brine surfaces?
With nanoparticle dispersion, what is the expected fraction of oil that remains directly in contact with the rock surface?
With NPD, What is the expected fraction of oil that remains adhering to the solid rock surfaces through electrostatic forces?
What will be the required threshold energy level
towards separating oil from the surfaces
given the imbalances between
Brownian motion and electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles
(for a given nanoparticle size distribution)?
Upon using Darcian approach,
how would the details on
the evolution of molecular structures of rock-brine interface
and brine-oil interfaces
approaching molecular thickness
(from its original brine film thickness)
would remain to be helpful?
If we have a slip @ brine-oil interface, how will we be able to quantify the effective viscosity of brine films?
2. Whether the degree of disjoining pressure
associated with such brine films
would significantly influence
the resulting contact angle of oil droplets
on rock surfaces?
Whether the alterations in ionic distributions
in the Electric Double Layer of the brine film -
as a function of brine film thickness and bulk ion concentration –
would have an impact on the resulting contact angle?
3. With the thickness of the brine-film bounded between
‘rigid solid rock surface’ and relatively a ‘smooth diffusive oil surface’,
would it remain feasible
to upscale
the details associated with
Debye length of brine;
the hydration diameter of ions in brine;
the characteristic length of the density oscillation of brine molecules near solid rock surfaces; and
the width of diffuse brine-oil interfaces –
to a relatively larger pore-scale
(leaving aside Darcy’s continuum-scale) –
towards formulating a new EOR concept
or
facilitating the improvement of existing EOR technique?
Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Professor (HAG)
12-Aug-2024
I tested my samples using DMA and DSC.. and the Tg of the same samples was very different in DSC vs tan delta. I have read some articles that it won't have the same value because it has different sensitivities to the samples, but I was wondering if I'm testing my samples wrongly. The lab I sent my samples to, only requested me to cut them (PSA with PET film still attached on both sides of the adhesive) and give it to them. So I think, maybe if they don't remove the PET film, the PET film may affect my results. I'm now confused about how you do it.
Here are my conditions:
1. In film tension mode
2. strain rate: 0.1%
3. Frequency: 1Hz
4. Heating rate: 5degrees Celcius/min
5. Temperature range: -70 to 60 degrees Celcius
Thank you~
I have a film of polymer composite electrolyte. Now I want to test the conductivity of it. So should I do the silver paste for conductivity or is there any other method for that.
We want to transport water-based solutions in 200L plastic containers. The water is to be saturated with Carbon dioxide at room temperature. What is a gas barrier to minimize loss of CO2?
I want to make a zinc oxide film using Si substrate. What is the best target in TF500 sputter? Should we use DC or RF? What is a good value for the tooling factor?

I have images of film formed on the bottom of a 50mL beaker, and I have been trying to figure out the surface area. I could easily use features on imageJ to do that, but I want to know which area is covered by the film and which is not covered. I have explored the threshold feature, and I think either I am not doing it correctly or I am not very certain what I am doing is right. Is there anything I can do or process to follow to accurately know the covered area and determine the surface area based on that? I have attached images of the empty beaker and the beaker with the film. Thank you.


Heuristically, I suppose people consider films more successful the greater the return on investment(ROI). Stimuli: ”Successful films are often based on classics due to relatability and interest”(Ohnemus 2023). “My film career was and is perhaps successful despite my lack of technical skills. Arts have both applications and fundamentals”(Ohnemus 2023). Source:
Preprint Education for an Automated World
In order to make a polyaniline film, I used the electrodeposition method and set all the conditions, but I noticed that the polymerization process is happening, but it doesn't stick to the substrate, but I changed the substrate more than once, and the solution is right, and the polymerization happens, I hope that you will benefit me.
I have been trying to deposit AlN in a magnetron sputtering chamber with a pure Al target in Ar/N2 environment. After numerous attempts with varying power (RF and DC), N2 percentage, substrate heating and other relevant parameters in the system, the film persists to grow in amorphous phase.
I have changed the substrates as well from Si to Sapphire and glass etc. the results remains the same.
Kindly suggest where there could be a correction needed.
Thanks
I did an experiment on the degradation of MB using TiO2 thin film on a silicon substrate. How can I clean the TiO2 thin film from the adsorbed MB molecules? Can I wash the film with ethanol?
Polymeric film such as latex rubber substrate or polymer
We are fabricating a tandem structure where a ~50 nm thick WO3 film is deposited between two metal films using DC sputtering. We use a mixture of Ar and O2 gases at different flow rates while purging the chamber. However, the final resistance measured between the top and bottom electrodes is very low (1-10 ohms). When we replace the top electrode deposition with simple copper tape adhesion, the resistance becomes very high (Mohms). This suggests that the WO3 film is exhibiting a highly porous nature. What strategies can we employ to reduce the porosity of the WO3 film?
I might not reach mine but, for me, lucrative filmmaker. I would work in Hollywood. Requirements may or might not include a master of arts, experience at Stella Adler's Studio, etc. The job would pay $300,000 a year, plus royalties, etc. The job includes successfully executing a film. I aspire to be a polymath so, engineering, medicine and law(in case filming goes haywire).
This would be my first screen play: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380540439_Mulan's_Critical_Whiteness?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6InByb2ZpbGUiLCJwcmV2aW91c1BhZ2UiOiJwcm9maWxlIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlQ29udGVudCJ9fQ
Chadwick’s Hotdogs
“Hi ya doin scuutch”, I began, “You know my goddam name. My fucking name is Chadwick now get the fuck over it.” If you’re reading this then you probably don’t know who I am. Occasionally people call me quirky. The women call me so kinky that they sometimes want something besides a hotdog from me. “Why the fuck did you raise your hand then lower it to mock me. Are you done dashing piece of shit.” Then the streaky bloke opened his fat mouth, “I was the fucking substitute teacher and you were only 13. Cannot you feel my pain.” Talk about excuses. If I had a cent for every excuse this bloke and dipshit has made then I’d probably not have to be Hot Dog Man. I know what you’re fucking thinking. Originally I was going to be hyena man but, I resembled a werewolf too much and people don’t want to think of the bad guys from the Lion King. Tell you the fuck what. “See your ass later, you putz. You fucking McFuckWork . You’ve gotta be the biggest cocksucker I ever met in education and you aren’t even in the higher kind. Billionaires are shitty as it is. Rising to the top brings the worst out in everyone.”
Ch. 1: One Sonoma Bech Down, God Knows how many to go.
“Room. Room. You bastards listen to me”, I exclaimed like the mighty roaring lion I was and still the fuck am, “You may call me a smut peddler but, how the fuck else am I gonna live. How the fuck else am I gonna live.” “You sure have one fuck of an imagination”, Some prostitute dressed up as bun came up to me, “You’ll need to sail way before this siren will sing your way into a New Yorker’s trap.” “Look toots”, I responded levelly, “Ain’t no fucking way that I’m going cow tow to some real bitch like you. You are a real bitch if you begin a fucking sentence complimenting my imagination then end with my ass in a trap. That is a mother fucking backhanded compliment if I ever knew one.” I slapped the bitch in the face then like the silly bastard I am the fuck away. I started crying to because she was some bitch. A real sexy one that I could probably bulldoze.
Ch 2: Doing the fucking predictable
“They say the more accurate I can predict my day from beginning to end, the closer I am to the grave like a fat Tony. Fat Tony recently died of diabetes.” “Sorry for your goddam loss, Chadwick”, began my sidekick, “Catch Up is my fucking name and I rub myself all over you until we fight crime to the fullest and beat criminals down to the dullest.” For Christ’s sake, I fucking love Catch Up but I wouldn’t stick a wiener in him no matter how light my loafers got, or so I figured, “Look Catch Up, you’ve got some way of putting things. And by putting I mean wording. Don’t make a statement about you rubbing up against me.” Catch Up looked at the ground.
I need some help to solve this exercise, if possible.
we consider an n-doped amorphous silicon layer (silicon atomic density of 5e22/cm3) which displays a doping efficiency versus relative dopant concentration curve as displayed below. relative dopant concentration is given as the ratio of dopant atom density over silicon atomic density. the doping efficiency is the average number of charge carriers provided by one dopant atom at room temperature. this material has a dopant atom density of 5e19 /cm3, and an electron mobility of 0.5 cm2/vs.
what is the sheet resistance (rsheet, defined by resistivity divided by thickness) of a film of this material with a thickness of 100 nm?

I need an alternative of PEG solution dialysis to concentrate the solution. Can slik fibroin film dissolved in water?
Why does the UV absorption spectrum of red quantum dot film not exhibit a significant absorption peak? As shown in the following Figure.

- I deposited a very thin(~2nm) TiO2 film on Si substrate by magnetron sputtering. After that i did XPS of this film at room temperature and got following spectra. Can anyone know why an extra peak comes (~449ev) ?
I deposited a 50-nm-thick Pt film on a silicon substrate using magnetron sputtering method. TEM results showed the presence of SiO2 layer between Pt and Si-sub. Strangely, between SiO2 and Si-sub, a very thin Pt layer was also found, and furthermore, localized heating revealed that this Pt layer continues to diffuse towards Si-sub. How can I explain this phenomenon?
Thank you!

I'm currently engaged in research focused on the expansion of transition metal oxide thin films. Our approach involves depositing transition metal films on two distinct substrates using either electron beam or thermal evaporation techniques. Following deposition, we subject these films to thermal oxidation under identical conditions. This process leads to alterations in the morphology of the resulting metal oxide films. I'm curious about the reasons behind these morphological changes observed in both instances. Could you recommend a comprehensive paper or book that delves into this phenomenon?
Is it possible to get a proper TEM images of chitosan nanoparticles as a film of nanoparticles are formed on the cooper grid?
The effect of film thickness on the optical properties of tin oxide films
What are your opinions? I would like to obtain results and data on this subject, as well as the structural properties of this membrane, examined by FESEM, AFM, and XRD. Thank you very much.
📷
Sri Lanka comprises 25 districts, each with film halls; however, the overall audience and film hall attendance are notably low. In 2021, the Country's total number of film halls was around 50. With a Sri Lankan adult population of 21.9 million, the current ratio of film halls to the population is 1:438,400. Considering the adult population alone (14.4 million), the ratio of film halls to adults is 1:288,200. Despite these figures, even the limited number of film halls faces a shortage of spectators.
Film hall owners report significant challenges film producers face, emphasising the critical issue of a cinema without a substantial audience. Many filmmakers and industry professionals overlook Film's dual nature as an artistic expression and an industry product. The Industry's survival is contingent on having a robust audience base.
The failure to acknowledge this dual objective—balancing the artistic and business aspects—has led to the collapse of the Sri Lankan film industry. It is imperative to recognise the equal importance of culture and economics in sustaining the film industry for the future.
Why did Sri Lanka experience this decline while neighbouring Countries, such as India, achieved significant success in the Film Industry?
Hello Researchers,
I'm making a composite using PEDOT:PSS as a conductive filler and PDMS as a stretch elastomer to make a conductive patch for healthcare monitoring.
The mixing of the two is very good using surfactants, etc., but make it into a film, bubbles continue to form in the film.
This is the same situation when I dry it in a vacuum oven or in a normal oven. Do you know how to solve this problem?
I am looking for examples of twenty-first-century films, TV series, comics, and video games exploring the interplay between fiction and reality with an emphasis on worldbuilding and what loosely can be referred to as conspiracy theories. Any titles (including titles of relevant secondary sources) would be greatly appreciated!
Fryderyk
i tried to make composites of pva and polyaniline to make selfstanding polyaniline films. But when it solidifies the resistance increases to MegaOhm range. How can i get a self-standing polyaniline film without losing the conductivity?
Hi Team,
We are evaporating Ti/Au 20nm/300nm film. The film is fine, post-evaporation. However, after annealing it in the furnace at 350c with N2, the film has black dots all over it. Please see pic attached.
What is the reason and how to fix it, any help will highly be appreciated. Thanks

I am dissolving PLGA in chloroform and spin coating it on multiple substrates, including glass, silicon wafers, and PTFE. However, I can't get the film to come off of the substrate. I saw another post that suggested simply adding water and sonicating at low power, but this didn't work for me.
Does anyone have any other suggestions to get the films off without ripping them?
Hi,
i am using electron beam evaporator to make 100 nm gold thin films. i am using 5 nm Ti as a adhesion layer on prime grade SiO2/Si substrate. Recently, I started to face the problem that evaporated gold film is full of black dots. We changed the gold crucible but it didn’t help. Anyone who faced suh a problem before or any suggestions to completely remove these black dots? The films are prepared at a pressure of 1.2e-6 mbar. Rates of evaporation for Ti and Au are 0.2 and 0.8 angstrom per second.

Is AI a useful tool for creative subjects such as performing arts and music or architecture? are there any useful application in courses such as film and television production?
The 5th International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange (ICLACE 2024) will be held on May 17-19,2024 in Bangkok, Thailand.
ICLACE 2024 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Language, Art and Culture to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Language, Art and Culture and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.
The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Language, Art and Culture and related areas. We warmly invite you to participate in ICLACE2024 and look forward to seeing you in Bangkok, Thailand!
Important Dates:
Full Paper Submission Date: March 10, 2024
Registration Deadline: April 1, 2024
Final Paper Submission Date: April 28, 2024
Conference Dates: May 17-19,2024
---Call For Papers---
The topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to:
◕Language
· Philosophy of Language and International Communication, Language and National Conditions
· Oral Teaching, Chinese Language and Literature, Philosophy in Language
· Body Language Communication, Language Research and Development, Language Expression
· Analysis and Research on Teachers' teaching Language and Network Language
◕ Art
· Materials and Technology, Environmental Sculpture Modeling, Murals and Reliefs, Decorative Foundation, Aesthetics
· Public Facilities Design, Architecture and Environment Design, Space Form Design, Public Governance Change
· Exhibition Design, Art design, Digital Media Technology, Landscape Planning and Design, Gem design, Industrial Design
· Art Theory, Music and Dance, Drama and Film and Television, Fine Arts, Chinese Calligraphy and Painting, Film and Film Production
◕ Cultural Exchange
· Campus and Corporate Culture Construction, Adult Education and Special Education, Creative Culture Industry and Construction, Educational Research
· Chinese Traditional Culture and Overseas Culture, Comparative Study of Chinese and Foreign Literature, Comparison of Chinese and Foreign Cultures and Cross-Cultural Exchanges
· Regional Culture and Cultural Differences, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Cultural Confidence and Connotation
· Red Inheritance and Cultural Heritage, Cultural Industry, Drama, Philosophy and History
For More Details please visit:

I am a producer of multiple educational films but there doesn't appear to be a way to add them on Researchgate or to have citations noted in stats.
I deposited Ga2O3 thin film on fused quartz substrate at 500oc in Ar ambient by RF sputtering and then annealed at 900oc (very slow heating and very slow cooling i.e 1oc/min) in air ambient for 1 hour . Then I can see cracks on the film by optical microscope. But there was no cracks after deposition. How can I get crack-free film?
I casted a polymeric film on hot plate but unable to detach it without damage,can any one suggest a remedy for this
I am prepared a Graphene solution in DMSO with different concentrations. Then I deposit the solution on a simple glass substrate, but the issue is the film is very instable in term of sticking. It is very easy to remove from the glass.
So, what the possible way to improve the adhesive of the graphene solution with glass slides. thanks
I mixture carbon with silicon , then coat ( thin layer as a film) it onto copper with it to make anode for lithium ion battery