Film - Science topic

Dear Gurvinder Singh

Yes you can , read these papers , i hope its help you .

Sincerely

Suggest the following paper:

Sir, have you just solved this problem yet? I am going to do the Si3N4 deposition on quartz recently.

Dear Abhimanyu,

Increase or decrease of transmittance is entirely material dependent. When the surface of material is rough having irregular grain boundaries, then transmittance decreases.

In your case, after annealing the sheet resistance increases, means the crystallinity increases. More irregular grain boundaries may present on the surface (SEM required for this study). This in turn increases absorption lowering the transmittance (a+r+t=1). Also measure the thickness of the film.

Please verify if this theory is applicable to your material. If possible, share the sem images.

Thanks.

Dear Xiao Yuhan, you can assist and enhance drying by applying vacuum. Also may be changing THF by other highly volatile solvent will solve the problem of residual solvent. Melt casting between PTFE sheets also is an option to avoid completely the use of solvents. My Regards

In addition to the answer by Dirk Luetzenkirchen-Hecht , what is your base pressure? There have been quite a number of discussions here on RG with problems regarding TiN fabrication and several people used setups in which the oxygen-containing residual gas levels were much too high.

Well, for CF-sealed UHV systems they are removed by baking the system for two days or so. However, I assume your system is viton-sealed, right? Viton does not survive very high temperatures.

Additionally, some of the dirt will end up on either your target or your substrate, so you will still have contaminations. In my setup (with loadlock), I coat 3-5 dummy substrates before I even think about introducing an actual high-quality process wafer...

Hello,

A summary for FIB may be found here:

Planar lamellae can also be prepared using the classical methods.

Thank you for your reply Katarina Ilic , I would so appreciate it if you let me know if you've found a distributor!

Hi Anubha,

The mixed cation perovskite films based-photovoltaics are pretty stable.

Please check references:

I hope it could help.

BW,

Ram

Dear Xuhua Wang,

Thanks for your kind reply to my query raised about calculating the reflectance and transmittance for a thicker glass substrate. i will work on the attached papers.

Thanking you

Dear Prajna P. Mohapatra

Thank you for this interesting question. Under identical preparation conditions, the magnetization of film is depending on the average grain size and also on thickness of the film. Now, at constant thickness the magnetization is inversely related to grain size and, at constant grain size, the magnetization is directly related to the film thickness. The question here is whether this relationship is absolute. The answer is "No", as there are critical grain sizes for each thickness below which the above relation become reverse. In my opinion, this anomalous behavior may report only when one experimentally practiced on a wide range of particle size and film thickness. For that I recommend you to go through the results reported in [1] as it is in line with above explanations.

Best regards

[1]https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4975051

Silicon is metallic reflecting for visible light and transparent for wavelengths above ~1100nm.

I am agree with Vladislav Yu. Vasilyev.

There are some publications on moisture-mechanics developed in the computational mechanics community for wood.

Maybe references in 10.1016/j.culher.2015.09.008, 10.15376/biores.12.4.8920-8936 or 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108514 are helpful for you.

Hello Pola,

Try to use a Lysate from Jurkat cells or other cells that you are sure that they express CLASP2. for the detection of the protein.

Try to use different Primary Ab dilutions to reach the optimal dilution.

If it doesn't work (some Ab's are not good in WB), try an antibody from another company that is surely works for western blotting. look at the references...

I know but...

The doping some solvents or copolymers into PEDOT:PSS can enhance the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. Many references you could find from websites. The recent developments of different types of PEDOT:PSS formation could achieve very high conductivity. For low conductivity of PEDOT:PSS formation, you may not be able to measure using a four point probe technique. Hall effect measurements could be the best way to do so.

The deposited films in your picture seem to be quite thick. Thickness should not be a problem. Try to anneal them in a reducing gas like Nitrogen, or cracked ammonia, or even oxygen at temperatures less than 300 deg C. You will turn them into highly transparent films. I found cracked ammonia to be the best long ago. If you want to achieve insitu a good transparent, try to regulate the Ar to O2 ratio carefully.

Thank you for your answer Jürgen Weippert

Dear Daniele Catone ,

please have a look at the Introduction part of:

It is stated there:

"It is interesting that PB with strong UV−vis absorption can be reduced to Prussian white(PW) with weak absorption in the wavelength range of 500−1000 nm.²⁸"

From that text I assume that the reference 28 may show the Pussian White spectrum...

28) Grandjean, F.; Samain, L.; Long, G. J. Characterization and Utilization of Prussian Blue and Its Pigments. Dalton Trans. 2016, 45, 18018−18044.

This paper is listed as publication on RG, but unfortuntely not as full-text:

The DOI is:

DOI:10.1039/C6DT03351B

It is possible that precursor's incomplete defoaming. And the substrate must be very clean.

Thank you Aaron Windsor

When using other materials for electron beam evaporation, the crystal oscillator can detect the rate, but only the rate of Nb2O5 can not be detected. Nb2O5 electron beam evaporation has not been done before.

Carbon paper is already being used for this purpose.

Yes its possible, its depends on your growth type and and precision of probing as as well!

Good day! Maybe following article will be helpful for you:

Dear Keyvan Rasti, ellipsometry has a high accuracy in measuring film thickness. Please have a look at the following links and documents. My Regards

https://film-sense.com/ellipsometry-technology/#:~:text=By%20measuring%20the%20phase%20between,can%20be%20%3C%200.1%20nm).

Dear Robb, Thank you for your suggesgtions.

Please, which layer of adhesion is it easy to deposit on FTO? I 'm thinking about Titania by Doctor blade method.

Thank you.

Dear Lata Samant, the crosslinking reaction for acetal bridge formation is acid catalyzed, so it is abvious to maintain the pH in acidic range with a mineral acid catalysts such as H2SO4 and HCl. Please have a look at the following document and the references therein. My Regards

doi:10.1002/app.29263

I suppose that this adduct or salt is not volatile enough for GC analysis.

OK

Try plastic petri dishes made of polystyrene

موضوع مهم جدا

انا مهتمه بهذا الموضوع الحيوي

تتابع موضوعك

Visit kindly the following useful RG links:

Lower Substrate temperatures (room temperatures to upto 100 degree Celcius) and Low sputter power gives thin films more porous thin films

师弟 这是我们组研发的 你师兄我就在纳米中心联培过 你要测找我

Hi Anoop Pillai,

Generally, if your model is 2D, you can only apply surface film condition on edges. If you need to apply the surface film condition on a surface, you have to use a 3D model. the elements could be Shell or Solid. In your particular modeling, you have to use a 3D model and solid elements, and there are no other ways. I recommend you to refer to the following links. It’ll be worth it.

Best regards.

This project sounds wonderful. I hope you're enjoying working on it!

From my perspective, it is a good idea to write honestly about the challenges and realities of selecting films and why you did/didn't choose certain things, and it sounds like you have a good starting point for this already with your textual dialogue bit (though remember to define what you mean by textual dialogue). Some questions to reflect on: are they all from a specific country? Are they in different languages or one? Are they studio films, independent films, a mix? So you might say, for example, you are focusing on Anglophone studio films if you are, or a mix if you're not. Again remember to define, eg what is a studio film. Are they on streaming services or did you see at festivals, cinemas etc? You might be honest about what you've been exposed to/able to locate and recognise there will be more examples you've not come across or been able to see due to access challenges (not being available to watch or not subtitled in a language you speak, for example). Reflect on how you did actually identify them - did you ask around, or had you just seen these 30 films already? Did you Google search?

So basically, describe how you selected them and reflect critically on this process and you should be fine. It is likely to be a question that comes up in a viva if you're going to have one for this project so be prepared to chat about it too, and remember there isn't a 'right' way to select texts so reflecting on how/why you did what you did is key.

Best of luck with your project!

Dear Dr.Mangrola,

We have a company in which we manufacture low-cost and yet very precise magnetic devices including vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) with high quality and different options; Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), Magnetizer, Thermomagnetic Treatment (TMT), B-H Tracer, Four-point Probe, Hyperthermia System, Ferroelectric and Dielectric Testers, Teslameter, Anodizing/Electrodeposition power supplies, Spin coater, etc. Therefore, you may seek a purchase opportunity by contacting my email address: amirh.montazer@gmail.com. With regards.

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Is your object a diffraction grating or a colored film such as a gel filter ?

the use of different coagulation bath compositions played a key role in the membrane

fabrication and affected the performance in membrane distillation.

also the type of solvent may be play importannt role in the praperd blend

Hello Zehra,

Try the followings;

1) Prepare dust-free, clean blot apparatus, components of blotting sandwiches (sponges etc.) and 3M filters through-blotting buffer made freshly by yourself. Recover the solution through the filter for later uses.

2) Much lower the concentrations (500~2,000X dilution of pri. ab under a fixed incubation duration and sec ab concentration (i.e., 200X). This will save your time.

3) If it wouldn't work, select a film exposure time after determining the images of multiple films at different exposures.

Good luck.

Hi Petru,

If you see thin film interference fringes (i.e. in transparent films) one can estimate by measuring frequency of two adjacent maxima (d=1/2n(\nu_1-\nu_2)) (see https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/applications/uv90.pdf), though you need to know the refractive index for this.

For full optical modelling using complex dielectric functions, multilayers there are some commercial tools mostly from ellipsometer manufacturers (i.e. Woollam CompletEase) some allow only analysing their own measurements, some allow for free modelling.

If it comes to truly free and unrestricted I'm only aware of a python package, which works well but isn't your straight forward GUI software and requires a bit of python programming skills: https://pypi.org/project/tmm/

The author of that packages also has a list of other similar software, maybe one of these will help you out: https://sjbyrnes.com/multilayer_film_optics_programs.html

Ciao Karsten

Hi

If your goal is a permanent connection, it is recommended to use crosslinker materials (depending on the type of substrate and fibers).

In the following article, you can find examples of the types of crosslinkers used.

My regards.

I think there are much easier ways to measure temperature than using PVDFs. As you know piezoelectric sensors have a strong dependency to temperature, but you will have to compensate somehow the generated charges linked to mechanical strains such as vibrations, deformation or elongation …

Deepak Suthar Can you show us a spectrum?

ناك العديد من الأدوات المتاحة للمساعدة في بناء القصة . Blake Snyder's Save the Cat.

When you adding NPs to polymer solution you changing energetic situation in system/ In during defind time you will be have termodynamic equllburim in systems. Because it the distribution of particles can changed. For more information:

One of the most common ways to break the fourth wall is by speaking to the viewer, that is, an interpellative shot or in theater talk with the audience.

Dear all, please have a look at the following review paper. My Regards

The significance of the film thickness less than 0 in this case is that it indicates that the contact is operating in the mixed EHL regime.

In the reference, the authors are discussing the solution for the lubricant load carrying capacity in an EHL contact simulation. The negative film thickness is occurring as the fluid film pressures alone are not sufficient to support the contact loads (in the preceding paragraph, the authors are discussing mixed EHL, with a load carrying capacity provided by the fluid film and direct asperity interactions).

If the fluid film thickness calculation at a node is less than 0, the authors suggest that the lubricant load carry capacity is neglected and the film thickness is set to 0, but the elastic deformation of the solid is retained for the given node. The elastic deformation of the solid at the node gives the solid-to-solid load carrying capacity to balance the loads applied to the contact in addition to the fluid film pressures at other nodes.

Work from Patir and Cheng and others has shown that the lubricant film load carrying capacity can be significant in the mixed regime of lubrication, but here they seem to be neglected for simplification.

The magnetization measurement is collaborative, so you need to know if the two layers are magnetic: in this case you must consider both contributions. Then you can use the magnetization saturation from MvsH curve.

To use densities in calculations you need to have information about the film thickness and the lattice parameters of the structures in each layer (using X-ray diffraction analysis).

To answer your question some additional information is needed, especially on how the blends have been prepared (dissolution and blending tmperature, applied shear, use of plasticizer and/or compatibilizer).

At least 3 factors may be responsible for the non-uniformity of your films:

1. Dissimilar polymers show the tendency to phase-separate when mixed, even when molecularly dissolved.

2. Starch dispersions in water already form a biphasic system if not heated at temperatures > 120 C and/or subjected to high shear). This is because starch granules when heated in water rather swell than dissolve, unless T is very high.

3. Both starch and PVA in water are prone to crystallization on cooling.

I guess that the presence of phosphate salt in the blend does not greatly affect the phase structure.

It made the youths get glued to their screens

How thick films would you like to have? A few hundred nanometers? If so, you could use a smooth glass substrate and coating a metal film before drop-casting your perovskite solutions to make stand alone films.

Dear Botirjon Norboboev,

You can certainly use KPFM to study the surface potentials of your samples. I wouldn't use a gold sample as a reference since it is not stable and easily contaminated on its surface. We normally choose a high quality of HOPG as the reference which is much stable in UHV. I wouldn't use inert gas environment since the tips on the instrument is very sensitive to the gas flow.

Hope it helps.

I recommend trying to follow methods from existing literature as closely possible. Works that have been highly cited likely have repeatable methods. Without knowing exactly what parameters you are experimenting with, it's hard to say exactly what the issue is. Certainly the concentrations, pH, temperature, and substrates all play a role. Please see these two papers, and I recommend some additional literature review to find more.

Jignesh G. Hirpara Thank you very much for your answer. May I know the reason of using the metal as mask? I thought you explain it in the first thread but I fail to understand. Thank you.

During deposition of TiO2 or Al2O3 on Si substrate, I am planning to have the sputtered atoms as charged atoms. But I am not sure if I should also make the subtstare Si atoms charged.

During deposition negative potential is applied at the target and thus they are sputtered by the impact of positively charged Ar atoms. Sputtered atoms can be neutral and also charged in the plasma with the ionized O atoms as well which combine with Ti to form TiO2. Si is grounded so I am planning to keep them as neutral.

what do you think?

موضوع ليس من اختصاصي ولكني مهتمه جدا

Effects of Polypropylene Orientation on Mechanical and Heat Seal Properties of Polymer-Aluminum-Polymer Composite Films for Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries

Fangxinyu Zeng,† Jinyao Chen,† Feng Yang, Jian Kang,* Ya Cao, and Ming Xiang

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

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Abstract

In this study, polyamide-aluminum foil-polypropylene (PA-Al-PP) composite films with different orientation status of the PP layer were prepared, and their morphology, tensile, peeling and heat seal behavior were studied. The comparative study of tensile and fracture behaviors of single-layer film of PA, Al and PP, as well as the composite films of PA-Al, PP-Al and PA-Al-PP revealed that in PA-Al-PP composite film, the PA layer with the highest tensile strength can share the tensile stress from the Al layer during stretching, while the PP layer with the lowest tensile strength can prevent further development of the small cracks on boundary of the Al layer during stretching. Moreover, the study of heat seal behavior suggested that both the orientation status and the heat seal conditions were important factors in determining the heat seal strength (HSS) and failure behavior of the sample. Four failure types were observed, and a clear correspondence between HSS and failure types was found. The results also elucidated that for the composite film, only in the cases where the tensile stress was efficiently released by each layer during HSS measurement could the composite film exhibit desired high HSS that was even higher than its tensile strength.

1.45

@Yasir F Joya,

Try varied ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. You will get optimised processing for your samples in your lab.

You need to improve the interfacial interaction to prevent delamination. CNF and PU both have a polar surface, expecting to have interaction(H-bond) while it does not always go through the same way for some reasons unless you improve the interfacial interactions. One of the methods that you can give it a try is the annealing method to improve interface entanglement. To do so, you can expose your film to a high temperature for a specified time (lower melting point of PU and higher than its Tg). It might assist in the better interaction of CNF and PU. Another way might be using a primer or crosslinker. It's normal to use such materials to improve interaction, such as surface modification of CNF or using some crosslinker such as boric acid, citric acid, so on to improve interaction (annealing is required to activate crosslinking). So, you need to go through the literature how to improve interfacial interactions by googling some keywords that you will come out from your dilemma.

Dear Nicolas Murer, thank you very much for your reply.

I'm showing you the Nyquist plot for the bare electrode and the data fitting with a Randles circuit. It seems that there is a Warburg component in the impedance spectrum. Is it an useful information?

Yes, such results are often seen when elemental migration occurs, and such conditions can be temperature related.

If you are using a coupled-temp-displacement step, you can utilize the 'surface film condition' option available in interaction.

Dear sir,

Thank you for the message, Pro. Noubeil Guermat

Here are a couple sample illustrations of how you may get a large surface roughness measurement from a thin film. The top two can appear quite uniform to the eye even though the variation could be larger than the average film thickness.

Dear Abishek Palanivelu, the following chapter summerizes the different curing processes depending on the type of the resin. My Regards

Mahyar Radak

These links might be helpful, have a look;

1. https://www.mathworks.com/videos/introduction-to-matlab-with-image-processing-toolbox-90409.html

2. https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/169745-how-to-generate-a-digital-hologram