Filamentous Fungi - Science topic

The escalating global incidence of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant public health challenge. In response, exploring alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly derived from plants, becomes crucial to alleviate the selective pressure exerted by conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of esse...

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This study investigates the upcycling of two major agro-industrial by-products, thin stillage (TS) and soybean hulls (SBH), through submerged fungal fermentation (SmF). TS and SBH served as carbohydrate and protein-rich growth medium for filamentous fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans (Ap), Aspergillus oryzae (Ao), Trichoderma reesei (Tr) and Aspergillu...

Microbial degradation of lignocellulose is a complex process mainly carried out by filamentous fungi and bacteria. Among prokaryotes, the genus Streptomyces stands out, with laccases playing a key role in its lignocellulolytic enzyme system. However, bacterial laccases have a lower redox potential than fungal laccases, suggesting that their action...

Filamentous fungi create complex structures, such as mushrooms, using filaments made of fungal cells, called hyphae. Previous research shows that the presence of distinct types of hyphal filaments can affect the mechanical properties of the mushrooms they form. This study characterizes the structure and mechanical properties of a monomitic white mu...

The global food industry faces the dual challenges of reducing its environmental footprint and meeting the nutritional needs of a growing population. Among the promising solutions, filamentous fungi such as Neurospora crassa have emerged as sustainable and versatile alternatives to traditional protein sources. With a long history of safe human cons...

In this study, four filamentous fungi were isolated from dead sheaths of Poaceae in Linzhi, Xizang Autonomous Region, China. Morphological examination and multilocus phylogenetic analysis with the ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1 loci confirmed the four isolates represent a new species in Periconia, and it is introduced as P. motuoensis. It is characterized...

Floral nectar is a sugar-rich resource which is ubiquitously inhabited by a wide array of microorganisms. Fermentation by nectar-inhabiting microbes can alter several nectar traits, including nectar scent, via changes in the blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although there is growing evidence on how yeasts and bacteria influence the forag...

During the production and storage of agricultural products, molds frequently occur as contaminants that can produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, the most important of which are mycotoxins. To solve these problems, the industry uses various methods, products and processes. This review examines the latest advances in novel non-thermal techn...

Filamentous fungi (FF) are ubiquitous and provide crucial functions in agriculture, pharmaceutical research, and both vegetative and animal nutritional support. As more and more fungal species’ genomes become publicly available, research on FF has opened up new avenues for genetic modification. The extensive use and rapid advancement of CRISPR/Cas9...

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a critical concern in veterinary hospitals, especially in postoperative care units where patients are more vulnerable. This study aimed to identify bacterial and fungal microorganisms present in the postoperative care unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Federal University of Pelotas, correlating t...

O mel orgânico é um produto livre de pesticidas agrícolas e antibióticos indesejáveis, ela sua-a diversidade e qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a qualidade higiênica-sanitária, foram utilizadas amostras de mel orgânico comercial adquiridas no comércio eletrônico (e-commerce). O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Microbiologia do...

There is a pressing need to produce novel food ingredients from sustainable sources to support a growing population. Filamentous fungi can be readily cultivated from low-cost agricultural byproducts to produce functional proteins for food biomanufacturing of structured products. However, there is a lack of scientific knowledge on the gelling charac...

Recently, there has been a rapid growth in the use of biodegradable polymers as alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, particularly in the packaging sector, to reduce environmental pollution. In this scenario, the aim of this work was to study the use of different amounts of Natamycin on two polymer systems: one that is non-biodegradable but wid...

The fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which impacts rice spikes, causes rice false smut (RFS), a significant prevalent disease in rice cultivation regions globally. Cytochrome P450 genes are known to be involved in secondary metabolism and pathogenesis in various species, but studies on CYP450 genes in U. virens are limited. In this research, a P450 fa...

Background Scedosporium species are filamentous fungi causing a wide spectrum of infections in healthy and debilitated individuals. Despite their clinical significance, the ecology of Scedosporium species remains understudied, particularly in the Middle East. Methods In this context, we conducted an environmental study to elucidate the distributio...

Mushrooms are a valuable source of bioactive compounds to develop efficient, secure medicines and environmentally friendly agrochemicals. Cylindracin is a small cysteine-rich protein that is specifically expressed in the immature fruiting body of the edible mushroom Cyclocybe cylindracea. Recombinant protein (rCYL), comprising the C-terminal cystei...

Food biopreservation is attracting attention because of consumer demand for safe food without chemical additives. The bacteriocin nisin is used for this purpose. However, as a peptide, it is susceptible to proteolysis and interaction with the food matrix. Nisin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, but not against yeasts and filamentous fungi....

Introduction The synthesis of natural compounds with strong biological activity from affordable sources has proven challenging for scientists. As a natural resource rich in a variety of bioactive substances, fungal metabolites have the potential to be used in medical applications to serve a global purpose towards a sustainable future. Methods A to...

Antarctic soil represents an important reservoir of filamentous fungi (FF) species with the ability to produce novel bioactive lipids. However, the lipid extraction method is still a bottleneck. The objective of the present work was to isolate and identify cultivable FF from Antarctic soils, to assess the most effective methods for fatty acid (FA)...

Prolonged cultivation of certain filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus terreus , on drug-free medium leads to degeneration and morphological heterogeneity, marked by the emergence of fluffy mycelium-type sectors. This phenomenon may indicate alterations in antifungal susceptibility profiles (particularly to amphotericin B (AmB) in A. terreus ),...

Background The production of cellulases by filamentous fungi is a crucial aspect of sustainable bioproduction from renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Following the transcription of cellulase genes in the nucleus, a complex pathway involving translation, folding, and secretion is required to produce extracellular cellulases. Most studies about cellu...

Worldwide, people spend most of their time indoors; in their homes, workplaces, schools, and daycares. Indoor fungi can cause negative health effects due to the production of toxins or volatiles that trigger the immune system of the occupants. To what degree indoor fungi (mycobiomes) differ between buildings with different usage is poorly known. He...

Turgor pressure is critically important for all organisms with the cell wall. In fungi, turgor is involved in the apical growth of hyphae, affects cell size, provides tension to the plasma membrane, creates the necessary rigidity for hyphae to penetrate the substrate, and has many other functions. However, there is increasing evidence that turgor p...

Pistachio dehulling waste, known as Pistachio byproduct mixture (PBM), is a valuable resource that is often overlooked. An effective sustainable approach involves utilizing this agricultural waste through a fermentation process using edible filamentous fungi, demonstrating potential applications in nutrition and animal feed. The focus of this study...

Domestic cooling requirements in arid and hot climate regions present a substantial challenge in minimizing energy consumption and reducing carbon emissions, largely due to the extensive dependence on electricity-intensive air conditioning systems. The limitations and inefficiencies of traditional construction and insulation materials, coupled with...

Using FPs fused with actin or its fiduciary probes Lifeact, Chromobody and Tractin, we studied, by time-resolved microscopy, the actin module of endocytosis in Aspergillus nidulans . F-actin probes efficiently labeled endocytic patches and the Spitzenkörper (SPK), but not exocytic cables generated by the SPK-associated formin, illuminated by tropom...

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi responsible for the contamination of food and feedstuffs. The presence of mycotoxins causes relevant economic losses and negative effects on both human and animal health. Strategies related to good agricultural and processing practices offer satisfactory results in the reduction of...

Proteins with internal repeats (PIRs) are the second most abundant class of fungal cell wall resident proteins. In yeasts, PIRs preserve the stability of the cell wall under stressful conditions. They are characterized by conserved N‐terminal amino acid sequences repeated in tandem (PIR motifs), and a cysteine (Cys)‐rich C‐terminal domain. PIRs hav...

Extremely hyper-saline ponds from an industrial lithium-concentration process in solar salterns in the Atacama Desert were studied to determine the limits of life at very low water activity. Water activity (aw) of 0.61 is the lowest aw value for growth of living beings recorded to date. Xerophilic (sometimes called osmophilic) filamentous fungi and...

Background Wolbachia bacteria of arthropods are at the forefront of basic and translational research on multipartite host-symbiont-pathogen interactions. These vertically transmitted microbes are the most widespread endosymbionts on the planet due to factors including host reproductive manipulation and fitness benefits. Importantly, some strains of...

Introduction Treating infections caused by azole-resistant Candida spp. poses a significant challenge. Previous research has indicated that pyrvinium pamoate (PP) has the potential to augment the antifungal efficacy of azole antifungals against filamentous fungi. The objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal properties of PP, both i...

Filamentous fungi or mycelia are a valuable bioresource to produce several biomolecules and enzymes, especially because of their biodegradation potential and for their key role of enablers of a circular bioeconomy. Filamentous fungi can be grown in submerged cultivation to maximise the volumetric productivity of the bioprocess, instead of using the...

Fungal natural products, including polyketides, are a rich source of bioactive molecules. Their biosynthetic enzymes are encoded within biosynthetic gene clusters, which are often activated by specific environmental conditions. As a result, many natural products are not produced under standard laboratory conditions. Heterologous expression bypasses...

Filamentous fungi are promising alternatives as nutritious and affordable food expected to have a low environmental impact in the production process. Therefore, the application of filamentous fungi is one of the emerging trends of food industry. This study focused on the isolation and identification of local strains of filamentous fungi from select...

The identification of species within filamentous fungi is crucial in various fields such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and medical mycology. Traditional identification methods based on morphology have a low demand for advanced equipment usage and heavily depend on manual observation and expertise. However, this approach may struggle to...

Hydrocarbon fuel biofouling and biocorrosion require expensive cleanup of aviation infrastructures unless appropriate sustainment measures are applied. The identification of novel biological control agents offers promising alternatives to the current chemical biocides used in fuel sustainment. In this study, 496 microbial fuel isolates from our in-...

As the next step in extraterrestrial exploration, many engineers and scientists around the country revealed their intense interest to enable multiplanetary human life, including colonizing Mars. This study proposes that architecture on Mars can be realized by a synthetic lichen system, composed of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi, w...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellulase and xylanase activity of fungi isolated from the digestive tract of sheep and the effects of supplementation with two selected fungi on intake, digestibility, microbial protein (MP) synthesis and nitrogen balance in lambs. The first experiment evaluated the carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and xyla...

Despite its high nutritional value and low environmental impact, the nature of filamentous fungal hyphae might resemble the appearance of meat fibers. These properties make filamentous fungi as a promising protein alternative in the future. However, the texture of the mycelium is too weak to resemble meat fibers. This study was aimed to obtain non-...

Correct, rapid, and reliable filamentous fungi identification is crucial for timely diagnosis and therapy. We compared the performance of the FFLv4.0 MALDI Biotyper and MSI-2 to identify filamentous fungi from clinical isolates. We analyzed 307 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., and Mucorales and compared them to sequencing as th...

Valorization of agri-food residues has garnered significant interest for obtaining value-added compounds such as enzymes or bioactive molecules. Rice milling by-products, such as rice bran, have limited commercial value and may pose environmental challenges. Filamentous fungi are recognized for their ability to grow on residues and for their capaci...

Objective: To assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro of a patented Spirulina extract on sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi commonly causing skin infections. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was tested using the drop dilution assay on the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (wildt...

Introduction Bloodstream infections are a critical challenge worldwide due to the slow turnaround time of conventional microbiological tests for detecting bacteremia in septic patients. Noscendo GmbH (Duisburg, Germany) has developed the CE/IVD pipeline DISQVER for clinical metagenomics testing based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood samples to a...

The present study aimed to explore the potential of macroalgal hydrolysate to serve as an economical substrate for the growth of the oleaginous microbes Aspergillus sp. SY-70, Rhizopus arrhizus SY-71 and Aurantiochytrium sp. YB-05 for lipid and DHA production under laboratory conditions. The macroalgal hydrolysate was used at three concentrations 2...

Enzymes as therapeutics have advantages over non-enzymatic drugs. Production of L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase using microbial sources is vital biotechnology because of their antileukemic properties. The cost of manufacture and the immunogenicity linked to enzyme medicines are frequently major setbacks to their development. Searching for new micr...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sous vide heat treatment and different packaging methods on the microbiological quality of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) during their refrigerated storage. Peppers of the Roberta variety were used in the study. The heat treatment of the peppers was carried out under vacuum conditions for all the packagi...

Filamentous fungi are among the most commonly used microorganisms for producing various metabolites including dyes. Ensuring the safety of products derived from microorganisms is always essential. In this study, the isolated fungus was identified as Pseudofusicoccum sp., a producer of the burgundy pigment through submerged fermentation. The fungus...

RNA-binding protein Nrd1 plays a role in RNA polymerase II transcription termination. In this study, we showed that the orthologous NrdA is important in global mRNA expression and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus species. We constructed an nrdA conditional expression strain using the Tet-On system in Aspergillus luchuenesis mut. kawachii. Downre...

Filamentous fungi are a cornerstone in the biotechnological production of enzymes, proteins, and organic acids. However, challenges in understanding and controlling the relationship between morphology and productivity can limit their application. This study addresses these challenges using Thermothelomyces thermophilus, a promising thermophilic fun...

Summary Macrofungi and filamentous fungi constitute a large portfolio of proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, oligo elements, pigments, colorants, bioactive compounds, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, etc. For example, industrially important enzymes and microbial biomass proteins have been produced from fungi for more than 50 years. Some start-ups co...

According to the scientific information reviewed, cheese is highly susceptible to contamination by mycotoxin-producing fungi, primarily species from the genera Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus) and Penicillium (P. commune, P. solitum, P. palitans, and P. crustosum). Studies on various types of cheese made from cow’s milk report an average concentra...

Second-generation (2G) bioethanol production, derived from lignocellulosic biomass, has emerged as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels by addressing growing energy demands and environmental concerns. Fungal sugar transporters (STs) play a critical role in this process, enabling the uptake of monosaccharides such as glucose and xylose, which a...

Background/Objectives: Steroids have demonstrated selective cytotoxic properties against tumor cells. The pro-gesterone receptor (PR) plays a vital role in the proliferation, cell differentiation, and maintenance of female reproductive tissue, and its malfunction can lead to breast cancer. The use of the biocatalytic method by filamentous fungi has...

Protein ubiquitination is usually coupled with proteasomal degradation and is crucial in regulating protein quality. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) complex directly recognizes the target substrate via interaction between the F-box protein and the substrate. F-box protein is the determinant of substrate specificity. The limi...

The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) process was developed to provide a safety assessment approach for microorganisms intended for use in food or feed chains. In the period covered by this Statement, no new information was found that would change the status of previously recommended QPS taxonomic units (TUs). The TUs in the QPS list were updat...

NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular immune receptors that detect pathogen-associated cues and trigger defense mechanisms, including regulated cell death. In filamentous fungi, some NLRs mediate heterokaryon incompatibility, a self/non-self recognition process that prevents the vegetative fusion of genetically distinct individuals, reducing...

Extremophiles are of significant scientific interest due to their unique adaptation to harsh environmental conditions and their potential for diverse biotechnological applications. Among these extremophiles, filamentous fungi adapted to high-salt environments represent a new and valuable source of enzymes, biomolecules, and biomaterials. While most...

This paper examines the role of filamentous fungi in enhancing the sustainable extraction of vegetable oils from oilseeds. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Rhizopus are highlighted for their ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes, including lipases, cellulases, and hemicellulases, which break down plant cell walls a...

Xylanase is one of the hydrolytic enzymes with a broad industrial application in several industries. Bioethanol can be synthesised from lignocellulosic biomass by using xylanase and other hydrolytic enzymes. A filamentous fungus, which is Aspergillus niger produces xylanase under submerged fermentation when oil palm empty fruit brunches were used a...

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms, serving as a cofactor for numerous enzymes. However, excessive copper concentrations can be harmful. To investigate copper tolerance in fungi, a copper-tolerant strain was isolated from soil and identified as Trichoderma koningii Tk10, with optimized culture conditions being establ...

Rapid and accurate identification of cultured molds is important to determine clinical significance and therapeutic decision-making. Conventional mold identification uses phenotypic macroscopic and microscopic characterization; however, this can take days or weeks for colony maturity and definitive microscopic structure formation, be limited to gen...

Pectin is a complex plant heteropolysaccharide whose structure and function differ depending on its source. In animal feed, breaking down pectin is essential, as its presence increases feed viscosity and reduces nutrient absorption. Soybean meal, a protein-rich poultry feed ingredient, contains significant amounts of pectin, the structure of which...

Background This study employed melanin synthesized by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius to inhibit the production of mycotoxins and bioremediation of heavy metals (HMs). Methods First, twenty fungal isolates were obtained from soil samples, and were evaluated to produce melanin. The melanin of the most potent producers has undergone s...

Background The main application of cork is the production of stoppers for wine bottles. Cork sometimes contains 2,4,6-trichloroanisole, a compound that, at a concentration of ng/L, produces an unpleasant musty odor that destroys the organoleptic properties of wine and results in enormous economic losses for wineries and cork industries. Cork can ex...

This review outlines research on chemical biology using mainly microbial metabolites for agricultural applications. We established the RIKEN Natural Products Depository (NPDepo), housing many microbial metabolites, to support academic researchers who focus on drug discovery. We studied methods to stimulate secondary metabolism in microorganisms to...

Brazil faces solid waste management challenges despite its strong agricultural sector. The bioeconomy provides a solution by converting agricultural by-products into valuable resources. Wheat, a key crop, produces abundant by-products suitable for enzyme production through solid-state fermentation (SSF). This review examines the use of wheat by-pro...

In recent decades, many fungi have emerged as major causes of disease in marine mammals. This study reports on the detection of filamentous fungi in the subcutaneous tissue and wound surface on the tail fin of a managed bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) emaciated due to severe digestive problems. Immunosuppression by chronic diseases and star...

Contamination of crops by Aspergillus fungi can occur at any stage of food production, ranging from pre-harvest to storage. These toxins are generally found in the mycelium of filamentous fungi but may also exist in the spores of the Aspergillus genus. Their production is influenced by factors such as a favourable temperature range of 24–35°C and r...

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays important roles in animals and plants. In filamentous fungi, however, their biological function in infection stage has been poorly studied. Here, we investigated the landscape and regulation of lncRNA in the filamentous plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea by strand-specific RNA-seq of multiple infection stage...

Translation initiation, which involves numerous protein factors and coordinated control steps, represents the most complicated process during eukaryotic translation. However, the roles of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) in filamentous fungi are not well clarified. In this study, we investigated the function of eIF2Bα in Aspergillus o...

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi. Hundreds of mycotoxins have been identified to date, and these mycotoxins have adversely affected human and animal health, as well as agriculture and the economy. Indeed, mycotoxin contamination in food and feed is pervasive and causes significant losses every year. A...

In nature, filamentous fungi interact with plants. These fungi are characterized by rapid growth in numerous substrates and under minimal nutrient requirements. Investigating the interaction of these fungi with their plant hosts under controlled conditions is of importance for many researchers aiming to proceed with molecular or microscopical inves...

Background/Objectives: Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites synthesized by filamentous fungi, have been classified as dangerous substances and proven to be carcinogenic , as well as to have genotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. Despite numerous trials to develop an effective and safe-for-human-health method of det...

The frequency of opportunistic fungal infections has been increasing, impacting agriculture, food, and health sectors. In this work, four thiosemicarbazone-chalcones (TC) were synthesized and evaluated by the radial diffusion method against filamentous fungi. All TCs were effective against Aspergillus parasiticus, especially the fluor-substituted o...

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RM) is a rare and severe condition caused by filamentous fungi, characterized by infection of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and brain. It is the most common and fatal clinical form of mucormycosis, accounting for 50 % of reported cases. RM is seldom reported during the postpartum period. This case report presents a rare i...