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Federalism - Science topic

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Federated learning supports privacy-sensitive applications that refashioned the path of AI models in various autonomous vehicles, traffic prediction, monitoring, healthcare, telecommunication, IoT, cyber-security, pharmaceutics, industrial management, industrial IoT, and healthcare and medical AI. Federated learning remains a comparatively new field with many research possibilities for accomplishing privacy-preserving AI.
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For anomaly detection in real-time environmental data using Federated Learning (FL), the most beneficial methods are those that support efficient, privacy-preserving, and adaptive learning across distributed nodes (e.g., edge devices with gas sensors, anemometers, etc.).
Here’s a breakdown of the most suitable FL methods and why they work well for anomaly detection in this context:
Best Federated Learning Methods for Real-Time Anomaly Detection
1. Federated Averaging (FedAvg) with Lightweight Models
  • How it works: Clients train local models on their data, send model updates to the server, and the server averages them.
  • Why it's good: Efficient and widely supported. Compatible with lightweight anomaly detection models (e.g., LSTM, autoencoders). Easy to implement for edge devices collecting real-time environmental data.
💡 Use with LSTM-Autoencoders or One-Class SVM for time series anomaly detection.
2. Federated Learning with Differential Privacy (DP-FedAvg)
  • Why it's better: Adds differential privacy to ensure that environmental data (e.g., sensitive pollution levels near factories) remains confidential.
  • Anomaly detection benefit: Maintains privacy while allowing centralized detection of outliers without revealing raw data.
3. Federated Anomaly Detection (FAD) with Model Personalization
  • How it works: Each client has its own personalized model, while a shared global model learns general patterns.
  • Why it's good: Real-time environmental data often varies by location—personalized models adapt to local context. Anomalies (e.g., a spike in gas levels) can be locally specific.
  • Techniques used: Meta-learning (e.g., FedMeta). Multi-task learning.
4. Hierarchical Federated Learning
  • How it works: Introduces an intermediate aggregation layer (e.g., regional aggregators before the central server).
  • Why it’s good for real-time use: Reduces communication overhead. Allows faster, localized anomaly detection at the edge or regionally. Scales well for large sensor networks.
5. Federated Online Learning
  • How it works: Models update incrementally as new data arrives (as opposed to batch updates).
  • Why it fits real-time needs: Supports continuous adaptation to new environmental patterns or sensor drift. Reduces latency in anomaly detection.
💡 Combine with streaming-friendly models like online k-means, online PCA, or incremental autoencoders.
🧠 Choosing the Right Approach Depends On:
FactorSuggested ApproachMany heterogeneous sensorsFAD with model personalizationHigh privacy requirementDP-FedAvg or Secure AggregationNeed for real-time updatesFederated Online LearningRegional data patternsHierarchical FLSimpler, general patternsFedAvg with Autoencoder
🛠️ Real-World Toolkits & Frameworks
  • TensorFlow Federated (TFF) – Good for prototyping FL with anomaly detection models.
  • PySyft + PyTorch – Supports advanced FL with differential privacy.
  • Flower (FL) – Scalable and supports heterogeneous clients.
  • FedLearn – Includes methods tailored for anomaly detection.
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One of the great strengths of the U.S. has been the dominant position of research universities. The Times Higher Education world rankings show that the U.S. has 7 of the top 10 institutions as well as 6 in the next ten. Currently Oxford University ranks first with M.I.T. and Harvard place second and third respectively. However over the last two months the Trump Administration has withheld federal funds leading U.S. universities.
Will the risk of having a faculty members research funds getting blocked, will human capital lead to a brain drain at U.S. schools as researchers relocate to high-quality institutions in other countries?
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I am not sure if the withholding of funding itself will detriment the research of these prestigious institutions.
However, the introduced biases by the Trump administration, e.g. if adhering to the list of words that may not be used anymore (for example woman and pregnancy) do cause concern about validity and reliability of research.
For instance, how can we find (as of February 2025) research about pregnancy and is it due to deliberate censuring words, even possible to use it in scientific work?
This is impossible to sort out later, hence in particular meta analyses, required to determine evidence based interventions, cannot be performed anymore, or with extremely costly and doubtful rewrites to get the proper wording back.
This is just an example, but the nonsense list of words not to be used in research is over 100, many about health and health status.
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Hello, fellow researchers and professionals in the field.
I'm carrying out a study on risk management in Brazilian federal authorities and we know that it's a complex process in public administration, which still doesn't have a strong and consolidated culture on the subject, and I'd like to know what the best practices and methodologies are that are currently being applied. How can strategic risk management be implemented to mitigate the problems faced by federal authorities? Which frameworks or standards are most commonly used? In addition, I would like to understand how municipalities are dealing with the risk culture within their organizations and what challenges they have faced in implementing effective risk management. Thanks in advance for any insight or references you can share!
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I hope that this experience will help to your research dear Frederico de Souza
RISK ASSESSMENT AT GOVERNMENT INFORMATION UNIT
"Risk Management is becoming a major topic for both the public and private sector organizations. I recently discussed the result of a risk study conducted by EY consulting firm located in the United Kingdom (UK). Recently, the Local Government Information Unit (LGIU), in conjunction with Browne Jacobson, and ALARM published a report “Navigating risk in local government: challenge, change and capacity”...
The findings indicate that while risk management is being recognized as needing a holistic organizational approach, there are problems.  First among them is the need for risk managers to realize that the scope of their work is changing.
“Traditionally risk management, in the corporate as well as government sectors, focused largely on financial, operational and legal risks. In the modern, evolving risk landscape the scope of risk has expanded.” (1) The additional risks that must be considered are:
  • Cybersecurity
  • Climate and environmental risks
  • Public Health
  • Social and economic risks
  • Reputation...
Risk management must be embedded within local authorities’ organizational structure and culture. Effective risk management is an essential part of everyday work including councils’ operational and strategic planning processes..."
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Mostly, the federal states have bicameral parliaments. To illustrate, Russia's parliament includes 2 houses (Federation Council and State Duma). Or US example of the Senate and the House of Representatives. While this fact exits, some states also have bicameral legislature even their territorial size is smaller enough for unicameral one (i.e Belarus, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and so on). How do you think, should Belarus-like smaller unitary countries transfer its parliament into a unicameral structure?
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In such cases, the bicameral system could be useful if one of the two chambers was composed according to non-party dynamics, for example, as a representation of social groups or interest groups. However, it should be noted that in such a scenario, the chamber so composed should not have the powers of the party chamber, being able to deal with, for example, constitutional revision or impeachment of the President.
In this manner, the bicameral system could potentially serve as a counterbalance to the executive power and the ruling party.Nevertheless, in systems characterised by a strong presidency and a dominant party, it remains challenging to establish effective countervailing powers, because of the pervasive influence of the dominant party within both institutions and society.
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Should the central bank's monetary policy be completely independent from the government's fiscal and budgetary policy or should both policies be coordinated?
Should the monetary policy of the central bank be completely independent from the fiscal and budgetary policy of the government or should it be carried out with consideration of this policy or should both policies, i.e. monetary and fiscal policy, be coordinated, e.g. especially in times of financial and economic crises?
The debate about the relationship between the monetary policy of the central bank and the fiscal policy of the government revolves around the question of autonomy: should the bank act independently, striving for price stability, or coordinate its actions with the government, especially in crises? Independence protects the bank from political pressure, but coordinated action can mitigate crises more effectively. In stable conditions, autonomy is key, but in crises, cooperation becomes essential. Research studies analyse optimal coordination, confirming that the best approach depends on the economic situation.
I have written about the sources of the high inflation that has occurred since 2021 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic in the following article based on my research:
THE POST-COVID RISE IN INFLATION: COINCIDENCE OR THE RESULT OF MISGUIDED, EXCESSIVELY INTERVENTIONIST AND MONETARIST ECONOMIC POLICIES
I have described the key aspects of the monetary policy pursued by central banks in recent years in the following article:
Comparisons of the monetary policy of the central banks of the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank and the National Bank of Poland
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What do you think about this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
I invite you to scientific cooperation,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The optimal approach may depend on the specific economic context, institutional frameworks, and governance structures in place. Some economists advocate for a framework that maintains central bank independence while ensuring that there are mechanisms for communication and coordination between monetary and fiscal policymakers to address economic challenges effectively. Ultimately, the balance Dariusz Prokopowicz between independence and coordination will likely vary depending on the prevailing economic conditions and policy objectives.
An independent central bank can make decisions based on economic indicators rather than political pressures. This helps prevent short-term political considerations from overriding long-term economic stability.
Independence allows for clearer accountability. If monetary policy fails, the central bank is held responsible without the complications of fiscal policy shortcomings.An independent monetary policy can provide more stable and predictable economic conditions. Investors and consumers are likely to respond positively to a central bank that is seen as free from political manipulation.
Some argue that coordinated policies can help ensure long-term economic stability by aligning fiscal measures (such as government spending or tax policies) with monetary policies to create an environment conducive to growth. In times of economic crisis, coordinated policy responses can be more effective. For example, during a recession, fiscal stimulus may need to be supported by accommodative monetary policy to foster recovery.
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Ludwig von Mises identifies the source of the disruption of the world monetary order as the failed policies of governments and their central banks (1934)
Found in: The Theory of Money and Credit
In 1952, the Austrian economist, Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) argued that the disruption of the world monetary order was attributable to the policies of governments and their central banks:
The people of all countries agree that the present state of monetary affairs is unsatisfactory and that a change is highly desirable… The destruction of the monetary order was the result of deliberate actions on the part of various governments. The government-controlled central banks and, in the United States, the government-controlled Federal Reserve System were the instruments applied in this process of disorganization and demolition. Yet without exception all drafts for an improvement of currency systems assign to the governments unrestricted supremacy in matters of currency and design fantastic images of superprivileged superbanks… The inanity of all these plans is not accidental. It is the logical outcome of the social philosophy of their authors.
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I'm currently working on a PhD topic on the effect of window systems on thermal comfort levels in lecture halls of federal tertiary institutions. I need a simulation software to check these halls. Any suggestions
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Hello, maybe Ladybug tools under Rhino 3D?
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As part of my dissertation research on cloud security and Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC), I am seeking insights from experienced professionals like you. Whether you are a business analyst, project manager, systems engineer, cloud administrator, branch chief, organizational leader, or executive, your knowledge and experiences are invaluable in understanding the complexities of managing GRC compliance in cloud environments. This study focuses on identifying key factors contributing to the successful management of cloud security paradigms and effective strategies for maintaining GRC compliance in federal and commercial spaces. Your participation will help advance knowledge in this field and provide critical insights for corporate, federal, and academic communities. How You Can Contribute? I invite you to participate in a survey designed to gather insights on: - Your organization’s approach to cloud computing. - Challenges and opportunities associated with GRC compliance in cloud environments. - Effective strategies for maintaining GRC compliance. The survey will take approximately 10-15 minutes to complete, and your responses will remain confidential. All data will be anonymized, and participation is entirely voluntary. Survey Link: https://qualtricsxmhghy46gxn.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3y3AqxWjLvQF08K Additionally, if you know other professionals with relevant experience in cloud security and GRC who would be willing to share their insights, I kindly ask you to share this survey with them. They can access the survey through the same link: https://qualtricsxmhghy46gxn.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3y3AqxWjLvQF08K If you have any questions or concerns regarding this study, please feel free to contact me at itsjadariggins@gmail.com. You may also reach out to my dissertation advisor, Dr. Eric Kareem, at eekareem@captech.edu. Thank you for considering this opportunity to contribute to meaningful research in cloud security and GRC. Your expertise will be instrumental in shaping solutions for today’s cloud security challenges.
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Yes i would be interested .
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I wanted to send a message to Luciana Benetti Marques Valio from Federal University of Rio Grande. She's on ResearchGate and i can read all her publications but I can't find her name when i want to send a message. Then I noticed that, in fact, I can't find anyone. Is there a bug?
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To send private messages, you are only permitted to contact individuals who follow you. For further details, please refer to the following link: https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292678631825-Contacting-other-researchers.
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I find some Federal and some State law that provides protection for certain medical professionals from tort liability. What about other volunteers who are not medical personnel? Also credentialing, and background checks can be time consuming and have cost. Should those types of things be done for everyone or only in certain cases?
As a student I appreciate the opportunity to ask questions! Thanks jlh
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The biggest scam in medical tort law avoidance is the federal preemption employed by drug companies to escape product liability suits.
As for volunteers, when you volunteer it comes with the duty of care.
Progressing to credentialing and background checks, yes it must be for everyone, volunteers included. Its a sad fact that volunteering attracts not just the Good Samaritans but all to often the bad actor too.
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Being reflective about the genesis of concepts in today’s education, it is to be recognized the term “pedagogy of higher education” to be a sort of formal translation of an immanent Russian concept. But, in fact, if considering the today’s higher education like a sphere of massive school-like practices, including educational standards and processes, moral and spiritual education (which is often called “the upbringing”), stimulating activities of students and lecturers etc., we doubtless find out at universities a kind of “pedagogy for adults”. So, it seems to be necessary to proclaim, how such “pedagogy” should be constructed and substantialized.
Concentrating so many points of discussion in higher education, we may define just a few questions of great value, which may be stated as the fundamental ones, and responding them would give us a general view at the question entitled.
1. What is specific worldview towards higher education in the 21st century, given us by pedagogy; is this point of value and has it perspectives for development in the nearest future?
2. What are substantial correlates of pedagogy representations in social and humanitarian disciplines and practices? What methodology should back pedagogy ideas, rules and innovations?
3. What are main dispositions in the pedagogy knowledge, i.e., who, how, by what means and under what restrictions can develop the pedagogy representations (so-called “pedagogical sciences”) in today’s world?
To enease the discussion, let me propose to you short presentations, which were used within a context of a short course, named “Pedagogy of Higher Education”, that has been delivered at the Southern Federal University (Rostov-on-Don) in November and December of 2024.
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Alexandre Bermous It can be reworded as follows: "Instruction in Higher Education;" or "Teaching in Higher Education."
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  • ACOnet Identity Federation (Austria)
  • Canadian Access Federation
  • Czech academic identity federation eduID.cz
  • Fédération Éducation-Recherche (Renater)
  • German Higher Education (DFN-AAI)
  • India: INFLIBNET Access Management Federation (INFED)
  • Ireland - Edugate Federation
  • Italy - IDEM GARR
  • Malaysian Access Federation (SIFULAN)
  • OpenAthens Federation
  • Servicio de Identidad de RedIRIS (SIR Federation in Spain)
  • South African Identity Federation (SAFIRE)
  • Swiss Higher Education (SWITCHaai)
  • Turkey - YETKİM
  • UK Higher Education
  • US Higher Education (InCommon)
  • The list of articles are here by attached
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I like your profile intro, because after 1975, the adults started to whisper...
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The combination of 中 (zhōng), 和 (hé), and 明 (míng) brings together concepts of centrality (balance), peace (harmony), and clarity (brightness). When combined, these concepts resonate deeply with Chinese philosophy and could be used to symbolize a new form of governance, reflecting balance, harmony, and enlightenment.
Breakdown of Meanings:
1. 中 (zhōng) – Centrality, balance, or middle:
Represents the center or middle in both a geographical and philosophical sense. In this case, it can symbolize balanced governance, the core of a federal system where no region dominates over others, and decisions are made from a balanced, central position.
2. 和 (hé) – Peace, harmony:
Implies peace, harmony, and cooperation. It is about achieving balance and unity through peaceful means. In the context of governance, it reflects collaborative leadership where regions work together harmoniously, contributing to the overall stability of the federation.
3. 明 (míng) – Clarity, brightness, enlightenment:
Symbolizes enlightenment, clarity of thought, and wisdom. It emphasizes that decisions should be made with clear insight, transparency, and understanding. Governance should not only be balanced and harmonious but also illuminated with foresight, creating policies that are wise and beneficial for all.
Yin-Yang Influence:
Incorporating the principles of Yin-Yang into this combination brings an even deeper philosophical meaning, where governance reflects the dynamic balance between opposing yet complementary forces:
Yin-Yang reflects the balance between opposites—light and dark, male and female, stillness and movement. In governance, this could symbolize the balance between:
Regional autonomy (Yin) and federal unity (Yang).
Tradition (Yin) and modern innovation (Yang).
Central governance (Yang) and local empowerment (Yin).
Conceptual Integration of Zhong He Ming:
When integrated together with Yin-Yang principles, these concepts could symbolize a new federal philosophy where the political system maintains:
1. Balanced Centrality (中):
Governance operates from a middle ground, maintaining equilibrium between regional interests. It reflects a commitment to equitable representation, where the federal government acts as a stabilizing force without overpowering the autonomy of individual regions.
2. Harmonious Collaboration (和):
Governance is achieved through peaceful negotiation and collaboration, where regions cooperate in harmony rather than through conflict. It reflects the federation's philosophy of working together for common goals, despite the diversity in cultural, political, and economic interests.
3. Enlightened Governance (明):
Decisions are made with clarity, wisdom, and a focus on long-term benefits. Governance is transparent and illuminated by deep understanding, ensuring that all policies are fair, balanced, and beneficial to every part of the federation.
This reflects the Yin-Yang concept: Enlightened leadership understands the need for flexibility and balance, adapting policies to the changing needs of both central authority and regional autonomy.
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Drazen Pehar
TURNING THAT CCP GREAT INTO A CINEMA COMPLEX MAN!
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Star Trek: A Study in Ethnic Diversity:
In 1964, Gene Roddenberry wrote a proposal for a science-fiction series. The proposal was influenced both by Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and by the popularity of TV Westerns. Roddenberry’s series was to be both a morality tale and an adventure story, and it was to be named Wagon Train to the Stars. The name was later changed to Star Trek based on the earlier pioneer “trekkers.” Star Trek fans are now called Trekkies, or Trekkers. The original Star Trek featured the galactic adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the starship Enterpriseas they explored the “United Federation of Planets” during the 23rdcentury.
Star Trek was designed to take on such controversies as war and peace, personal loyalty, authoritarianism, imperialism, class warfare, racism, religion, human rights sexism, and the intergalactic role of economics and technology. William Shatner said that science fiction is like religion in that it tries to explain the inexplicable. In Star Trek, technology and diversity are valued rather than feared, and people work together for the greater good.
Incongruity and Incongruity-Resolution is one of the most recurring themes in humor theory. All of the Alien species in Star Trekare almost human, but not quite. They might have antlers, or pig snouts, or furrowed foreheads, or big brains, or they might even be part human and part machine. And they might be green, or blue with white hair, or have other deviations from human appearances. And the behaviors of Aliens, like their appearances, are both human and non human. They are incongruous (non-human), but their incongruity is close enough to being human that we can easily identify with them. Star Trek Aliens are like “funny” humans. But their “funniness” should not hide the fact that they can be super-logical, super-objective, super-sexual or super-dangerous. Even these hyperbolic attributes can be a bit humorous.
Star Trek is about boldly going where no one has ever gone before, but it is also about how humans ineract with the various ethnic identities that they meet in outer space. Andorians have antennas, blue skin, and white hair. (Cy)Borgs are part machine and part human. They have a “hive” mentality. Susanna Thompson is the (Cy)Borg Queen. Species 8472 communicate telepathically. The Borgs want to assimilate them, but they are immune to the Borg’s attempts to do so. The Cardassians believe in expansion of the Federation. Gul Dukak is a Cardassian. Armin Shimerman is a Ferengi named Quark. Sofia Boutella is a Jayla. Abd Deep Roy is a Keenser.
The Klingons are belligerent warriors, but one Klingon is member of the crew of the Starship Enterprise. His name is Worf. Krall was the captain of the Starship Franklin. When it crashed into a planet, Krall and his crew felt that they were abandoned by the Federation. The green-skinned Orion humanoid women seem to be slaves, but in truth, their dancing girations have a powerful influence over human males. The Romulans are a splinter group that broke off from the Vulcans. Unlike the other Vulcans, the Romulans refuse to suppress their emotions. Kirstie Allie plays a Vulcan named Saavic in Star Wars. Leonard Nemoy plays Spock, a Vulcan member of the crew of the Starship Enterprise. He knows the Vulcan nerve pinch, and the Vulcan finger signal, He also has the Vulcan ears. His motto is, “Live long and prosper.”
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Antonio: Thanks for your insightful response. I agree.
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i want to implement D2D communication in omnet++ with simuLTE. my topic is Distributed traffic offloading approach using Machine learning and content distribution in d2d network to reduce latency and power consumption. which technique is most suitable for my work? can i use Q learning? or how federated learning can be used in this work?
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I'm currently working in college minor project and I want to make a federated learning model. I know the working of the federated learning. I have the basic idea of it but I don't know where to start coding for the same. Please help.
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if you write your questin in detail and what is your project is about, then I could help you, Looking forward to here from you
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If anybody has a softcopy of this article "Horton, R. K. (1965). An index-number system for rating water quality. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 37 (3), 300–306". I searched everywhere for this article but could not find it. It will be very helpful if someone shares it here. I will remain thankful for your kind response.
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Dear Phurailatpam Surjit Sharma Have a look at the enclosed file. Scroll to page 300 etc.
Best regards.
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My current research is a comparative analysis of the legal frameworks for oil and gas exploration and production in Nigeria and Mexico
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I now have a copy. Thanks everyone
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I am a graduate student in production engineering at the federal university of goiás and I need scientific articles to learn more about my profession
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Aqui está algumas notas de aplicações matemáticas na engenharia de produção. Estas notas são públicas e estão disponíveis em https://impa.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/30CBM_01.pdf>.
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My current research is a comparative analysis of the legal framework for oil and gas exploration and production in Nigeria and Mexico.
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Oh thank you very much Denice. Please can you forward a copy to me. I will be very grateful. Thanks again
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WFPHA: world federation of public health associations.
Core Area of Public Health.
  1. Protection
  2. Prevention
  3. Promotion
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All of the above
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The question is on how growers in different countries have access to active ingredients - commercial formulations - for use on their crops. Here in Brazil, to buy a pesticide a prescription - with indication of the crop the pest or disease is to be controlled - is needed, which can only be emitted/signed by an agronomist. The recipies are registered at state offices and the growers need to keep that recipe in file for at least two years - federal normative - for eventual future inpections. We are working on the inconsistencies on the emitted recipes at state level and would like to have some info on how are the procedures - how growers have access to pesticides - in different places. Many thanks for any insight.
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Many thanks, dr. Alex, for the prompt reply. Here in Brazil we have the system named Agrofit of the Ministry of Agriculture. There we can look up all the registered pesticides and to which crop and pest/disease there is a register. To buy a specific molecule/formulation at a vendor the prescription is necessary - same as for medicines. The recipes need to be signed by an agronomist or a authorized technician.
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How can federated learning be extended and optimized for scenarios with limited communication bandwidth or high-latency networks, such as IoT devices or edge computing environments, while still preserving privacy and security?
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Dear Sikander Hans,
I would suggest using the ideas of Digital Twins (DTs) for this. See the added Internet sources.
For general idea of DTs see my presentation at the address:
Best regards
Anatol Badach
The part „Use cases of a digital twin network“ in „Y.3090 : Digital twin network - Requirements and architecture“ at the address: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.3090-202202-I
Wei Yang; Wei Xiang; Yuan Yang; Peng Cheng: „Optimizing Federated Learning With Deep Reinforcement Learning for Digital Twin Empowered Industrial IoT“ https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815106
Kangde Liu, Zheng Yan, Xueqin Liang, Raimo Kantola, Chuangyue Hu: A survey on blockchain-enabled federated learning and its prospects with digital twin https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864822001626
Selvarajan Shitharth, Hariprasath Manoharan , Achyut Shankar, et al.: Federated learning optimization: A computational blockchain process with offloading analysis to enhance security https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110866523000622
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As Nepal has been practicing federalism in health system with dividing judiciary, executive role among all three levels of governments. In practice, it seems quite challenging. Do anyone have good experience/ publication regarding successful implementation and/ or early notice of failure of such provision?
As Nepal has been reviewing the roles of different government, this might be helpful.
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The question needs to be rephrased to give room for appropriate tackling. What exactly is the observed problem with the Nepali federalism?
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Clarification about
The role of the Russian Federation in the UN Security Council
The role of the president (Vladimir Putin)
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Theoretically Russia could play some role if acted in a good faith, since Russia has close ties with Iran and Hamas, but from history we know that Russia is not ending conflicts, but ignites and fuels them. In current conflict in the Middle East Russia has primary stake, as this conflict diverts international attention from Ukraine, where Russia itself is an aggressor and occupier. So, it is more reasonable to think that Russia could have a role in fueling this new conflict in the Middle East.
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Do federal policies on climate change help reduce carbon emissions
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Yes, federal policies on climate change can play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and addressing the challenges associated with global warming. Governments around the world, including federal agencies, often implement a range of policies and regulations aimed at mitigating climate change and transitioning to a low-carbon or carbon-neutral economy. These policies can take various forms and target different sectors of the economy. Here are some ways in which federal policies can help reduce carbon emissions:
  1. Carbon Pricing: Governments can implement carbon pricing mechanisms, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems. These mechanisms put a price on carbon emissions, encouraging industries and individuals to reduce their emissions by making it financially beneficial to do so.
  2. Renewable Energy Incentives: Governments can provide incentives for the development and adoption of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower. These incentives can include tax credits, grants, and subsidies that make renewable energy more economically viable compared to fossil fuels.
  3. Energy Efficiency Standards: Federal policies can establish energy efficiency standards for various sectors, such as buildings, appliances, and vehicles. These standards mandate the use of technologies and practices that consume less energy and emit fewer greenhouse gases.
  4. Vehicle Emission Standards: Governments can set and enforce stricter emission standards for vehicles, promoting the use of cleaner and more fuel-efficient technologies.
  5. Research and Development Funding: Federal funding for research and development (R&D) can support the advancement of clean energy technologies and solutions that help reduce carbon emissions.
  6. Regulations on Fossil Fuels: Governments can implement regulations that limit carbon emissions from the extraction, production, and use of fossil fuels. This might include restrictions on coal-fired power plants or regulations on methane emissions from oil and gas operations.
  7. Support for Public Transportation: Investing in and expanding public transportation systems can encourage people to use more energy-efficient modes of transportation, reducing the carbon footprint of individual travel.
  8. Climate Agreements and Treaties: International climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, encourage nations to set and achieve emission reduction targets. Federal policies that align with these agreements contribute to global efforts to combat climate change.
  9. Forestry and Land Use Policies: Strategies for preserving and restoring forests, as well as promoting sustainable land use practices, can help sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
  10. Education and Awareness Campaigns: Governments can raise public awareness about the importance of reducing carbon emissions and encourage behavior changes that contribute to a lower-carbon lifestyle.
It's important to note that the effectiveness of federal policies in reducing carbon emissions can depend on various factors, including the specific policy design, political support, public engagement, economic conditions, and technological advancements. Comprehensive and well-coordinated policies across different sectors of the economy are often necessary to achieve significant emissions reductions and effectively address climate change.
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I'm seeking example self-report survey items to measure the following constructs among a U.S. audience of adults. Thanks in advance for any tips, this is outside my research area and I'm not having much luck in my literature search on the topic. I'd like to measure: knowledge, and to a lesser extent attitudes and practices about:
1. Knowledge of what districts someone lives in (e.g., ability to name either one's elected representative or district number for federal, state, etc. levels)
2. Knowledge of what levels of government control different policy areas (state vs. federal vs. municipal, etc.). My hope is we could give examples of possible policies and determine if the respondent could identify the responsible elected official or level of government with jurisdiction over the topic area. My examples will likely be health and health equity related.
3. Knowledge about different ways to engage in different types of policy advocacy: a) contacting elected representatives; b) writing op-eds/letters to editor; c) forming and joining coalitions; d) creating & distributing sign-on letters; e) other forms of advocacy like phone / text banking etc.
4. Knowledge about the constraints and opportunities for government employees to engage in advocacy; namely differences between advocacy vs. lobbying; oppotunity to engage as a private citizen (vs. government employee) etc.
I want to use the survey to determine baseline knowledge, attitudes, & practices, and to measure change over time.
Thanks in advance!
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Sounds like a fascinating study. It's not my area of expertise either, so I have nothing specific to offer. I wonder if you could look for examples among voter population studies? How knowledgeable are people when they go into the voting booth regarding what's on the ballot (people and initiatives)? Do they know where to go to find information to prepare themselves to vote? There might be more studies of this kind since there are many pundits surrounding elections.
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Asian or European?
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The idea that Russia has been an "oriental power" for ages is a complicated and varied one. Despite its physical location in Eastern Europe, Russia's history, culture, and political identity are frequently connected with the East, notably via its Orthodox Christian past. Factors like the country's wide territorial extent, historical linkages with Asia and the Middle East, and different cultural and linguistic traditions have all contributed to this identification. It is crucial to emphasize, however, that this classification is not widely recognized and is open to interpretation and argument.
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It would be a project report conducte by Dobbertin M, Jüngling E (2009) Totholzverwitterung und C-Gehalt. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 3 p which is currently not available in the internet anymore.
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Dear Steffen,
to my knowledge, the "Scientific contributions by x [while affiliated with y]"-pages are created automatically, i.e., by the RG algorithms. Of course, the system can only pick up publications which are available or at least fully referenced somewhere on the web. So, as always, the AI is only as good as the data it is fed with...
With best wishes,
Julius
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As a consequence of a "bad" evaluation last year, when the outcome of the institute was judged between good and excellent, but not outstanding, the Senate of the Leibniz Association recommends that the Federal and State Governments terminate the joint funding of the Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS, previously known as the Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik) in Freiburg, Germany.
This would be dramatic for the solar physics community in Germany and in Europe, and in the long term for research in astrophysics and beyond. Therefore, the international research community is asked to sign the following petition to support the funding of KIS at an unchanged level:
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An appealing procedure for reevaluation in a proper channel seems to be there
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1. Kupa′a I ke kahua o Hawaii: Stand Firmly Behind the Foundations of Hawaii
  • September 2007 Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 1(02)
2. Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander networks for community health in the Age of COVID-19: Results of a national survey of community-based organizations
  • November 2021 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31608.11529
3. Efficacy of Federal Data: Revised Office of Management and Budget Standard for Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders Examined
  • January 2011 DOI: 10.36650/nexus9.1-2_212-220_PanapasaEtAl
  • Sela Panapasa, Kamana'Opono Crabbe, Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula
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Aloha Kamana'Opono,
if you are the (co-)author of an article that was published in an official academic journal or in similar publishing formats (e.g., chapter in an edited volume), you, of course, have the right to be sent a physical or digital copy of that contribution for your personal use and reference.
As regards the first publication you list, I'd simply contact this journal in order for you to obtain such a copy.
The second publication you list has a RG DOI, so I am not sure whether it was solely "published" on RG or somewhere else. If the work was only published on RG, the RG digital copy will constitute your personal "author copy", so to speak.
The third publication has an external DOI, so you can probably approach the respective publisher (or co-authors) directly to receive a personal copy for your reference.
Does this help?
Mahalo,
Julius
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How are the federal and state governments fostering the growth of millet-based value chains, including the creation of infrastructure, connections to markets, and financial aid for farmers and business owners? What are the main success criteria in developing millets' sustainable value chains?
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The federal and state governments are taking various steps to promote the development of millet-based value chains in the country. Some of these steps include:
- Providing subsidies and incentives for millet farmers and processors
- Supporting research and innovation on millet varieties, processing technologies and products
- Creating awareness and demand for millet products among consumers and institutions
- Establishing linkages and partnerships among different stakeholders in the millet value chain
- Strengthening the policy and regulatory framework for millet production, processing and marketing
These initiatives aim to enhance the income and livelihoods of millet farmers, improve the food and nutrition security of the population, and contribute to the environmental sustainability of agriculture.
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Could you please discuss and send references that countries with successful examples and failure of dividing health authority into subnational governments (Provinces and Local level) after federalism?
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Federalism has had a significant impact on the Ethiopian health system. Since the adoption of the federal system in 1995, Ethiopia has implemented a decentralized health system, with health service delivery responsibilities devolved to regional governments.
Successes:
  • Improved access to healthcare services: Decentralization of the health system has led to the establishment of more health centers and hospitals in rural areas, resulting in improved access to healthcare services for underserved populations.
  • More equitable distribution of resources: Federalism has helped to distribute healthcare resources more equitably across the country, with greater investment in previously neglected regions.
  • Increased community participation: The devolution of healthcare responsibilities to regional governments has also led to increased community participation in decision-making processes and in the provision of healthcare services.
  • Improved health outcomes: There have been improvements in health outcomes in Ethiopia over the past two decades, including reductions in infant and maternal mortality rates, which can be partly attributed to the implementation of a decentralized health system.
Failures:
  • Uneven distribution of resources: While federalism has led to more equitable distribution of healthcare resources overall, there are still disparities in resource allocation and access to healthcare services between different regions.
  • Capacity and expertise gaps: Some regional governments have limited capacity and expertise to manage healthcare services effectively, which can lead to uneven quality of care and health outcomes.
  • Lack of coordination: Coordination and communication between federal and regional authorities can be challenging, leading to duplication of efforts and inefficient use of resources.
  • Weak governance and corruption: Weak governance and corruption in some regions have resulted in mismanagement of healthcare resources and services.
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CFIC is a platform that helps solve challenging Warfighter problems through collaboration, ideation, events, and rapid prototyping. Through cyber-topic-focused research, we host a research topic to strengthen and broaden science and technology collaborations among academia, industry and the Department of Defense (DoD). The CFIC is seeking university, federal labs and industry researchers who specialize in topics related to the application of cyberspace offensive/defensive autonomy research and development concepts and technologies. These research topics will provide opportunities for academia, federal labs and industry to showcase their research to stakeholders from US Army Cyber leaders.
Today's Challenges : We are looking for research topics related to/linked to the list below: •     AI Continuous Monitoring in Cloud Environment •     Time-sequenced Analytics of Cybersecurity Events •     Large Language Models (LLMs)—AI Customization Participants from academia, federal labs and industry interested in collaborating with any of the proposed research topics should contact: Ø Gonzalo Santiago (Cyber SME) at gsantiago@cyberfic.org Ø Brandon Goolsby at brandon.goolsby.intern@cyberfic.org Ø Meredith Lehmann at meredith.lehmann.intern@cyberfic.org :
What is in it for you?
We will provide a valuable market research opportunity for academic institutions, labs and industry to learn what technologies are in demand. These research topics will help you share, present your research and share your expertise in your area of study within a virtual forum and initiate a one-on-one dialogue with US Army Cyber stakeholders, which may lead to future collaboration opportunities. #cybersecurity #cyber #ai #opportunity #share #opportunities #research #cloud #collaboration
Ratio Exchange link to follow challenge: http://bit.ly/412CiGU
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At the start of the week, Fed Chair Jerome Powell made clear that the Fed would continue rate hikes as year over year inflation, although down from its 9.1% peak remained stubbornly high at 6%. This is 4% above the Fed's target of 2%. The odds of a 50 basis point hike in the federal funds rate target seemed likely at the fed's next policy meeting. However, the collapse of SVB, the biggest bank failure in the U.S. since the 2008 financial crisis and concern about contagion to other banks, has raised the question of whether the Fed will revise its future rate increases downward in coming months in 2023. It also raises the question of whether a Recession in 2023 and 2024 has now become more likely.
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Thank you, Ljubomir for your helpful contribution to this discussion.
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Could you please discuss and send references that countries with successful examples and failure of dividing health authority into subnational governments (Provinces and Local level) after federalism?
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I am currently working on a paper that looks at successes and oppourtunities of the devolved health functions from centralized into a decentralized authority. The paper is a case study from Kenya. Notably this is 2nd time that the national government has devolved health to sub-national authorities.
Notable successes
=========================================
(1) Over 75% of Kenya health problems are preventable diseases. Thus, this could be dealt with at dispensary and health center settings with current resource settings.
(2) Context plays a critical role in the manner healthcare is provided due to cultural diversity in Kenya.
Challenges
==========================================
(3) Most functions have been decentralized but not DECISION MAKING processes to the dispensaries, health centers and referral hospitals.
(4) Healthcare service delivery is driven by the political parties and their party mandates supersedes other health priorities.
(5) No incentives to use and re-use hospital generated data and other forms of evidence to guide decision making process
(6) The strong private sector healthcare providers interferes with noble government ideas under the cover of free market forces and choice of the customers is paramount.
(7) Health care financing particularly collection and use of revenues such as user-fees and facility-improvement-funds (FIF) as determined and allocated against competing health and non-health related priorities e.g. paying sub-national work force and parliamentary activities.
Conclusion:
From the foregoing, the devolved healthcare systems can work iff the leadership can take calculated risks especially concerning decision making, finances and supply chain management.
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Check out the Canadian federal Agency: Policy Horizon Canada
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Yes, I do. The ethics is everywhere.
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Are education systems "bribed" and extorted by the federal funding systems in place?
The centralized systems in education and federal funding appear to require political approaches to providing education.
Does this equate to extortion and forced propaganda in our education system, driven by a centralized force so powerful that the funding mechanism has created an indoctrination network?
Can a school/university get funding if it refuses to instruct the flavor of the day topics, such as CRT, Gender identification, and ESG?
Can students who have religious faiths choose to bypass indoctrination that violates their code of morality?
Can it be asked without condemnation, or are we now in a police state globally where asking these questions creates a digital profile that classifies the one asking as a threat to those in power?
Modern censorship, cutoff of access to social media sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Meta, etc. are real and relevant examples of abuse of power already taking place.
It seems that federal funds are currently used, not to assist in financing a well-educated society, but rather, to extort institutions into programming a conformist society of minions to centralized command and control authoritarian rule.
I find this to be a troubling signal that shows that the education system has already fallen victim to being the frog in a pot of water that slowly becomes boiling water to kill the frog, with the frog never even knowing it.
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Unfortunately, systems that were innocent, such as education, can become doctrinal or ideological elements in the hands of certain governments.
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The average American has always had a love-hate relationship with the IRS-with hate predominating. The so-called Exit tax kicks in the moment you think of expatriating from the U.S. The current maximum capital gains rate is 23.8%, which includes the 20% capital gains tax and the 3.8% net investment income tax. Why its unfair? Currently, federal income tax brackets range from 10% to 37%. Nearly half of the American population pays taxes and in fact, the top 50% account for nearly the entire federal income tax. So the question of levying an exit tax on Americans relinquishing their citizenship really means I am going to get what I can from you before you make a break for it. In other words, the IRS ensures that the relinquishing citizen would never feel grateful for giving and doing his bit for the great country. The current threshold is so less ($12,550 and $28,500.) that almost everyone who holds a reasonable job pays his federal taxes by filing an income tax return each year. Then consider that inflation in the millennium year was around 3.3% whereas today it's over 8%, so where has real income disappeared? Then when someone decides to head west (after paying all his legal dues of a lifetime), IRS slaps him or her with the Exit Tax. Hence the question.
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Not everyone who wants to leave the USA or gives up their citizenship is subject to the exit tax; there is a relatively high wealth allowance. Incidentally, this tax is well founded in terms of content and can therefore be understood as quite appropriate. See the following link for details:
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Biden administration instructs all US agencies to require immediate access to federally funded research after it is published, starting in 2026. US government reveals big changes to open-access policy (nature.com)
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In my opinion the publishers will not voluntarily give up this large source of income.
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Can anybody guide me, on how I could implement an ML regression model(for prediction and forecasting) with Federated learning, A repository, code, or something like ...
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repository
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Everywhere import tensorflow_federated as tff this is being used but when I am writing this in google colab, it's not working. It's showing type error. What could be the problem?
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Try this out to overcome from the type error in your case:
!pip install --quiet tensorflow-federated==0.20.0
# The latest version of tensorflow-federated is not working with the colab python version.
!pip install --quiet --upgrade nest-asyncio
Regards,
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In order to tackle complex challenges we need collaboration across sectors (between state and society) as well as between ministries and administrative levels (e.g. often innovative initiatives are local, but the federal level has littles possibilities to empower their creativity and learn from them). Often gov.labs impact just one ministry or administrative level, and has no mandate to transform the political system as such. Do you know of any successful gov.lab in this regard?
Thanks and best wishes, Patrizia Nanz
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Governments don't act in the interests of people, nor of innovation labs, collaboratively nor in any other human sense. They follow their manifestos which are composed and influenced by foreigners and foreign business aims, and almost never with home business aims nor anything which could remotely be associated with humanity.
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"A U.S. federal judge has ordered the OMICS International publishing group to pay $50.1 million in damages for deceiving thousands of authors who published in its journals and attended its conferences. It's one of the first rulings of its kind against one of the largest publishers accused of so-called predatory tactics."
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As you already indicate the publisher “OMICS Publishing Group” is a notorious example of a predatory publisher, see also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMICS_Publishing_Group and their inclusion in the Beall’s list (https://beallslist.net ). The journal is, as a consequence (and in most of the times), by definition predatory as well.
So much more to say about the journal “Journal of Infectious Diseases & Therapy” (https://www.omicsonline.org/infectious-diseases-and-therapy.php) but charging 1670 USD (https://www.omicsonline.org/instructionsforauthors-infectious-diseases-and-therapy-open-access.php ) for a basically non-indexed journal is way too much. The fact that they ask you in a, as far as I can see, unrelated field of expertise is a big red flag as well.
So, I would say avoid and simply delete the mail.
Best regards.
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Hello, does anyone know of an article or database that has information that compares how much is spent annually (federal vs non-federal) on anti-poverty programs in the US? I can find the information on the federal programs, but I'm having difficulty tracking down the non-federal numbers. Essentially, I'm trying to make the argument that federal spending on anti-poverty programs far exceeds non-federal spending, but I need the data/citation. Thanks!
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Dear Ms. Rentschler!
Your research is of top importance. I really think it would be beneficial to find links to similar poverty programs in the European Union. COVID-19 is a global threat factor that links our continents and countries together. We must join efforts:
1. Ayala, L., Bárcena-Martín, E. & Martínez-Vázquez, J. Devolution in the U.S. Welfare Reform: Divergence and Degradation in State Benefits. J Econ Inequal (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-021-09512-8, Open access:
2.Dhongde, S., Haveman, R. Spatial and Temporal Trends in Multidimensional Poverty in the United States over the Last Decade. Soc Indic Res (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02902-z, Free access to supplementary data:
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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I am looking for suggestions where can I find documents about slavery during the Nazi regime. National federal archives? State archives? Municipal archives? Archives of big companies? other in Germany? Elsewhere?
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  1. @ @ International center on the Nazi era - Arolsen Archives https://arolsen-archives.org/en04.03.2022 · The German town of Bad Arolsen is home to the world’s largest archive on the victims and survivors of the Nazi regime: despite belonging to UNESCO’s Memory of the World, it is still not well known. Our history timeline has further interesting information. More about us Visit the Online Archive!
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Ongoing peer reviewed scientific research at the US state and federal levels has shown that US tobacco policy has never been punctuated as has been claimed in public policy-oriented punctuated equilibrium theory. Falsifiability is a key feature of scientific research including the testing of scientific current theories. When a current scientific theory is found to be false in whole or part, the proper protocol is to update the scientific theory or even replace it with a new scientific theory (subject to scientific testing). Has this happened in the case of punctuated equilibrium theory related to tobacco policy research and why or why not?
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Given that who benefits from a subsystem have an interest in maintaining a certain status quo, these systems of limited participation are considered to be highly resistant to change (Cobb & Elder, 1983).
But yes the significance of punctuation is an United States Supreme Court case in the development of American administrative law: FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp in 2000. The Court ruled that the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act did not give the Food and Drug Administration the authority to regulate tobacco products as "DRUGS".
Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration began in 2009 with the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act by the United States Congress. With this statute, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was given the ability to regulate tobacco products.
Sheer label of DRUGS is apparent choice of the buyer and an illustration of punctuation.
Still one perspective of the American Tobacco Industry. A Big Tobacco firm operating across 180 populations, with Net Annual revenues of roughly $8.056 trillion and spending no less than $8.2 billion on advertising is in violation of Section 307 of the US Tariff Act of 1930 ; when leaf cultivation in the exporting country occupies a tremendously vulnerable age group between 6 and 18. A factual deprivation and unfair practice cloaked in cultural distortions that ultimately perpetuate poverty—compels for the abolition of child labour across NTA tobacco contract farming as a structural reform, beginning with PMI.
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Can federated learning and edge computing be combined? The answer is yes. So what should we do? To improve the data security and privacy protection in the modeling of each participant (terminal).
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Hi,
Yes. It is very much compatible with each other. Edge server can be both act as a client or aggregator. Especially, when collecting data from IoT sensors, edge can work as a collaborator. You can check the following article as a reference.
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Hi, I'm looking for chemical monitoring databases for soil, groundwater, sediment, drinking water, air and surface water in Spain. It seems that there are many federal and regional government and institutional sources that might be relevant but there are so many of them I don't know where to begin searching. Is there anybody out there familiar with Spain that can point me in the right direction?
Thanks
David
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Dr David, hope this help you at least a little!
I have already read the following reference in Spain :1- Most important environmental issues in Spain 2020
Published by Lucía Fernández, Oct 19, 2021, address site : https://www.statista.com/statistics/867204/spain-most-important-environmental-issues/
2- If you're eager to know about recent years :
Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment
National Plan for Air Quality and Atmosphere Protection 2013‐ 2016
National Integrated Plan of Waste (PNIR 2008‐2015)
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I would like to request your collaboration to take part in the survey, available at the links (you can choose your preferred language):
This questionnaire is part of the project aiming to analyze the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, comparing developed and developing countries, at a macro level (nations, regions, cities). The project is a partnership between the University of Brasilia (Brazil) and several other universities (University of Bologna (Italy); University JAUME I (Spain), University of Aalborg (Denmark); Federal University of Pernambuco (Brazil); Federal Technological University of Parana (Brazil); Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (Pakistan); Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (Pakistan), coordinated by Professor Patricia Guarnieri (University of Brasilia).
It will be great to have your participation in our research, mainly because we would like to get the opinion from experts and stakeholders involved in the transition towards a circular economy and sustainability studies. Please share with your contacts
If you have any doubt, please let me know.
Kind regards.
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I will be happy to support your research which is in parallel with our research activities.
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Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement, Deep learning, and federated learning (FL) are classical and contemporary techniques of machine learning. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. FL does not exchange the local data samples across the edge devices, instead, it shares the model with other participating devices. Moreover, the Security and privacy of the network are also key factors in a wireless network. Therefore, Choosing an ML technique that also provides security and privacy is the need of the hour. My question is related to the security provided by federated learning. Is Federated learning secure as compared to other Machine learning techniques?
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In my opinion, FL is not an ML technique. Instead, it's a framework that enables a distributed environment in which you can run your ML techniques and it will assist you in preserving your privacy. Though FL has its own problem (e.g., privacy leakage from the model), merging other techniques (e.g., differential privacy) can help to mitigate these challenges. I think, now, you can answer your question by yourself.
Thanks for your time.
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Should the Federal Reserve Bank in the US be the main institution shaping and leading pro-growth active state interventionism?
In principle, YES, but it should be specified precisely the framework for a possible anti-crisis launch and implementation of the policy of active state intervention. The Federal Reserve Bank should continue to fulfill its current functions. In this respect, it is the most important institution in the US in terms of maintaining financial stability in the banking system and indirectly in the entire financial system. In addition, indirectly supports inter-branch, transactional, market, business and cross-border trade and capital flows. As the Federal Reserve advises on the issue of maintaining financial stability, it also translates into the entire US economy and also to a large extent on the entire global economy while the economy The US is recognized as a key global player. On the other hand, the Federal Reserve Bank, using its monetary policy instruments and the possibility of buying back lost commercial loans and junk securities, should focus on stabilizing the situation on the financial markets rather than on actively stimulating demand for securities, which may generate another global one in the long run. financial crisis. I examined this problem and described it in my scientific publications.
In view of the above, the current question is: Should the Federal Reserve Bank in the US be the main institution shaping and leading pro-growth active state interventionism?
Please, answer, comments.
I invite you to the discussion.
Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG,
The issue of the impact of monetary policy on the stability of financial systems in the context of the global financial crisis is described in the publication:
I invite you to discussion and cooperation.
Best wishes
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Recent financial and economic crises have shown that the interventionist, anti-crisis, lenient monetary policy consisting in lowering interest rates and the intervention purchase of lost assets from commercial banks from commercial banks (lost and worthless loans, junk securities) with the highest level of credit risk turned out to be effective as an instrument of anti-crisis policy, the aim of which is to limit the scale of unemployment growth, decrease in liquidity in the financial system, limit the scale of economic recession, etc. I described these issues in my publications on my Research Gate profile.
What do you think about this topic?
I invite you to the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Greetings,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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I'm going deeper about the class actions in American law system.
I've started analyzing Rule 23 of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure and then I've tried to deepen the law and economics approach on class action.
Could someone recommend me an article, a review or a textbook that deals with the relationship between class action and instrumental theory of tort law? It would be great also to consult some text concerning the social function of class action and its effects, both economic and social
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Sanks for leatter am liaver in good coffe)
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Hi everyone,
I am trying to look for the maximum trace element concentrations that are allowed in soils in the USA. Do you know if such a regulation exist at the federal level?
Thank you immensely,
Xavier
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Of course, the EPA website (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
) will help you find what you are looking for.
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Wherever I searched, I only found the formula and the notations. I also couldn't download "Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 37(3)" where the article was published.
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Hi swati you can use these papers.
Water Quality Indices: Challenges and Application Limits in the Literature
Moez et al.,
Water 2019, 11, 361; doi:10.3390/w11020361 www.mdpi.com/journal/water
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150 apoios no site do Senado Federal para a Fotografia Forense como disciplina da Ciência Forense Brasileira.
A votação segue até 26 de março de 2019. São necessários 20 mil apoios para que a ideia legislativa seja discutida entre os senadores.
O trabalho foi publicado na #RevistaBrasileiradeCriminalística #RBC e apresentado na #InterForensics2017.
"#Segurança é #bemcomum e #responsabilidadedetodos."
Apoie a #FotografiaForense como disciplina da #CiênciaForenseBrasileira. 🙏
A fotografia precisa de representação legal em auxílio à justiça.
O link de votação é este 👍https://www12.senado.leg.br/ecidadania/visualizacaoideia?id=116847
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As in Cuba, Forensic Photography is developed as a discipline and it is taught from the Law career
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I'm looking for a recent evaluation of the US federal efforts to prevent disease outbreaks, specific to the US public health system. I see some old (15-16 yr old) reports, anyone done anything comprehensive and current?
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All the best
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I am trying to analyze cost of desalinated water (LCOW) collectively for a few regions in California using a solar desalination technology. Treating this as a system to be actually producing water for real consumption, I would like to apply all possible incentives such as rebates, tax credits or tax deductions and any other incentive available at state and federal level, as a public utility (small scale desalination plant <100 m3/day).
I found 20% rebates for solar thermal technology and solar PV but nothing on solar / renewable desalination plant. Can anyone please share available materials that I can add to cost models for more accurate picture of cost of water produced?
Thank you.
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All the best
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There is a trend on applying federated learning in healthcare domain. What the potentials and challenges in your opinion?
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Dear Anran, the following recent papers may help you:
Xu J, Glicksberg BS, Su C, et al. Federated Learning for Healthcare Informatics. J Healthc Inform Res 2021;5:1-19. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41666-020-00082-4.pdf
Ng D, Lan X, Yao MM, Chan WP, Feng M. Federated learning: a collaborative effort to achieve better medical imaging models for individual sites that have small labelled datasets. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021;11(2):852-857. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7779924/pdf/qims-11-02-852.pdf
Liu JC, Goetz J, Sen S, Tewari A. Learning From Others Without Sacrificing Privacy: Simulation Comparing Centralized and Federated Machine Learning on Mobile Health Data. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021;9(3):e23728. https://mhealth.jmir.org/2021/3/e23728/PDF
Dou Q, So TY, Jiang M, et al. Federated deep learning for detecting COVID-19 lung abnormalities in CT: a privacy-preserving multinational validation study. NPJ Digit Med 2021;4(1):60. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-021-00431-6.pdf
Vaid A, Jaladanki SK, Xu J, et al. Federated Learning of Electronic Health Records to Improve Mortality Prediction in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Machine Learning Approach. JMIR Med Inform 2021;9(1):e24207. https://medinform.jmir.org/2021/1/e24207/PDF
Qian F, Zhang A. The value of federated learning during and post-COVID-19. Int J Qual Health Care. 2021;33(1):mzab010. https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/33/1/mzab010/6128587
Best wishes from Germany, Martin
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Does World Hemophilia Federation recommended any management plans OF covid 19 in patients of bleeding disorders? As they mostly are immunodeficient already.
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Sorry, not my scientific field
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State-owned enterprises means enterprises as those owned by the
government (central, federal, local or regional) and those in which the state has significant control through full, majority, or minority ownership.
Is there a model for SOE's budgeting. For example How SOE's budget include in government budget? what is the budget classification of SOEs? what is the budget process (prepare and approval) of SOEs?
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Thank you quite useful feedback
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In the U.S., Executive Order 13905( Federal Register : Strengthening National Resilience Through Responsible Use of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Services) signed 02-12-2020, ordered several federal agencies to conduct vulnerability assessments related to critical infrastructure. I'm looking for qualified opinions / research on the potential for degradation or loss of access to GPS / GNSS to potentially impact critical infrastructure at hydro-electric dams.
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Well, 'Yes'. And not just the obvious spatial difficulties, it is the reliance on timing signals. The epicenter is NIST: Overview at https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2021/02/nist-finalizes-cybersecurity-guidance-positioning-navigation-and-timing and from there are other domain specific documents like https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2019/08/situational-awareness-electric-utilities-nist-publishes-cybersecurity
Behind all these is usually quite a paper trail of conference presentations, meeting transcripts, etc. from stakeholders providing input, usually referenced in the bibliographies of the documents. The exceptions are, obviously, classified content with specifics on actual incidents and unresolved current vulnerabilities.
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Dear Colleagues,
How do you analyze the availability of drug care?
In the Russian Federation, accessibility analysis is usually based on two components:
1. Content analysis of the State Register of Medicines. All medicines registered in the country may be available to patients in any hospital. However, this method alone is not enough, since
A) Some expensive drugs may have low hospital margins.
B) Generic policies, procurement under an international name may have an impact on the availability of expensive branded drugs.
2. In-depth interviews, work with focus groups. Ask patients, doctors, experts - about the availability of certain drugs.
How do you determine the availability of medicines in your country? What methods are used?
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Good question, Kind regards
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National Association of Psychologists of Ukraine (valid member of European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations) Division «Psychoanalytic psychology and psychotherapy»
invites psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic psychotherapists and psychoanalytic psychologists to participate in an online-conference
«Life and death of psychoanalytic societies: lessons from history and new perspectives for unions» January 23-24, 2020
What are the main difficulties and the main opportunities for psychoanalytic societies to stay alive, developing and productive? Which examples from history and these days are illustrative for the mentioned phenomena?
Types of participating: submitting a paper (will be translated and published in Ukrainian in an open access electronic book) recorded and sent before the conference date video report (will be translated into Ukrainian and showed to the participants of the conference) online-report (will be translated by our interpreter)
There is no fee for participating as a foreign speaker (i.e. not from Ukraine). If you are interested to join the conference as a speaker - please, contact us as soon as possible with your author’s note and topic: psychoanalytic.division@gmail.com
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Good question.
Kind regards
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Red Compartida or Whole Shared Network is a project headed by the Ministry of Communications and Transportation (SCT) of the Government of the Republic, in coordination with the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT). Its development contemplates the coverage of Magical Towns like Artega, Coahuila.
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The adoption of federalism in Iraq subsequent to 2005 and its practical application in legal context was the result of Iraqs transition from unitary state to a federal state.
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Dear Zeina
Thank you for your response. I appreciate your contribution.
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Dear Colleagues!
The main focus of me and the Department, i am honoured to lead at the Southern Federal University (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) is a development of the Teacher Education as well as Teacher Educators at the on-going conditions, resources and restrictions. We try to comprehend, what can a Department of Education and Educational Studies do to respond the 4 main challenges:
1. What are Education, Teacher and all the Metaphysics of European and Russian Cultures in the context of the XXI Century?
2. What should be a Teacher Education Curriculum, and moreover, what principles should be chosen to make it up?
3. What are Technologies to stimulate continuous professional advance of teachers? Are they obviously IT and AI, or should we treat this concept in a more broad way?
4. How can we treat the management system in general and teacher education to get it a factor of development, not a detention?
We will have discuss these and many other important questions at the platform "Urait" on 13th of January, (15.00 by MSK, 13.00 by CET). Registration is already open here: http://urait.ru/events/1714
ATTENTION, PLEASE: The discussion will be in Russian WITHOUT translation, but if you're not scared with this fact, HEARTFULLY WELCOME!
Sincerely Yours, Alexandre G. Bermous (Dr.of Education, Professor, Head of the Department of Education and Educational Studies at the Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia)
m.tel: +7(904)503-40-18
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Greetings for 2021! I think there are two approaches to this question (1) Teacher education that is timeless (2) Specific requirements of the 21st century. I'll do the second first..
Common thoughts about the specific requirements of the 21st century include - preparing students and teachers for an unknown, constantly, rapidly changing future, characterised by technology, climate and planetary well-being, the development of creativity (creative, new solutions), perhaps a much more radical approach to schooling - changing the walls, locations, curriculum, age groups, individual differentiation.....There are also many teaching pathways - and people are not settled necessarily into these for life - preparing teachers initially for the next 5-10 years maybe as much as can now be done. It is not a 'one-off'.
The timeless requirements of teaching for which teacher education needs to help prepare are: That teachers are committed to the wellbeing and development of each child entrusted to them, that they can be flexible in their educative approaches, that they are themselves continuing learners, committed to their own development as human beings, that they are curious, thoughtful, caring, and have the personal resources to cope with a variety of students, all of whom will need versatility, patience, insight. If people are going to 'train' to teach - it is not a mechanistic, methodological matter only - it is deeply personal.
My research is about a 'holistic principle' for education and therefore teacher education in the 21st century: That children (students) and their learning, and the universe in which human beings participate are viewed from a 'whole' perspective. This perspective is fundamental to contemporary teacher education. Best. N
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Hi everyone
Where can I find free electric vehicles driving cycle datasets to download like Dynamic Stress Test(DST), Federal Urban Driving Schedule(FUDS), New European Driving Cycle(NEDC) etc. ?
Looking forward for a positive and helpful response.
Thanks and Regards
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Thanks Laurent Berry , I will check those out.
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Extension is still a crisis in Nepal and being limited to subsides on agricultural inputs and there is need of reformation in approach and the system under federal context.
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Technology is never a solution per se: informed by needs, ICT must deliver context-appropriate solutions framed by (a) infrastructure—first and foremost; (b) requisite institutional structure and capacity; (c) a reform-oriented mind-set; (d) necessary skills and expertise; (e) appropriate business models; and (f) enabling policy and regulatory environments. There is no shortcut and merely having a mobile phone or a Facebook account will not take us there. Delivering across the afore-mentioned prerequisites is of the essence of public policy (with subsequent inputs from the private sector): once they are at hand or in train, there is great scope for the deployment of e-services and applications across the sectors and themes that governments and their agencies aim to impact.
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Historically, the American federalism has centralized. However, the public agenda has zigzagged from centralization to decentralization creating political changes. But, what about rural America?
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Rural areas of the US have what yo might call "light government" rather than the full extent of government. Most are governed by county governments that do not have the resources - and in most cases don't want them - to offer the full panoply of services that you find in urban areas. sometimes these areas are suburbs; more likely they are farming areas, national or state forests or land, etc. The concept of federalism that governs the relationships between the federal government and the states does not apply within states. Within states, the state government is supreme (google Dillon's rule - see Wikipedia article), and if the state wants to house its prisoners in county jails, it can do so (California about 10 years ago). If a state wishes to apply regulations to the counties, it can do so (see the sustained groundwater management act in California about 5 years ago). And many of the people in rural areas want to have light government as well. it's a system that reflects the preferences of the people in the rural areas. For many, perhaps most, it works well, but there are always those who want to have more government services in areas where they are not provided. The trick is to find a place with the right level of government that you can afford to live in. I hope this helps the questioner.
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As we have TFF and PySyft which are most commonly being used for testing FL algorithms, which one goes better with IoT devices?
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To the best of my knowledge, TFF only supports simple local simulations, there is currently no support for deploying to platforms such as Raspberry PI. On the other hand, PySyft support for deploying on Raspberry PI.
You can follow this link to learn how to setup PySyft on a Raspberry PI :
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In federal or descentralized countries with great regional diversity, such as Brazil, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Spain, and others, should foreign service recruitment policy applies domestic regional representation when choosing new diplomats? If the answer is yes, why? What kind of benefits a regional, state, provincial representation can bring to the country's foreign policy? Does it garantee a domestic equal vision and practice on how the state will or could act in foreign policy?
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I do not know of any country that recognizes regional representation in the foreign service, or in general in the federal public administration.
However, the appointments of ambassadors, when ratified by the Senate, in cases such as the German, that its Federal Council is made up of representatives of the states and has the duty to represent them, we can guarantee that this ratification, the states are represented.
Similarly, Germany includes the Länders in the approval of international treaties that impact them, such as the Maastricht Treaty.
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One of the core functions of a federal state is to create a nation-state out her heterogeneous population while preserving/ respecting their diverse identities. Identities could be describe as the cultural, philosophical, religious, ethnic, geographical, racial or social attachments
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The self-determination of indigenous peoples, as well as the respect and promotion of their cultures, are human rights included in international treaties (Convention No. 169 of International Labor Organization, Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries).
In Mexico, we have recognized them in our Constitution, as a consequence of a 1994 indigenous armed conflict (EZLN). Initially, it served to allow indigenous communities to isolate themselves, and they will not respect some rights, such as the equality of women and child abuse.
However, in recent times the Mexican Supreme Court is making them respect the Constitution, while guaranteeing that their communities must be heard in the design and execution of public policies that impact them.
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I'm looking for any kind of legislation, zoning, best practices, etc. either required or recommended by the state, the EU/other federation or local government.
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Dear Yael,
Wind turbines emit a relatively weak but characteristic noise. The noise is mainly generated by the movement of the blades through the air. This produces a swishing sound in rate with the rotation of the blades, as well as noise from the turbine machinery.
Limits should only be placed on noise over a range of wind speeds up to 12 m/s when measured at 10 m height on the wind farm site, as faster wind speeds will typically mask the noise produced by a wind farm. Separate noise limits should apply for day-time and night-time.
Turbines are audible from distances as great as 2 km only in ideal conditions; when there is very little wind where the listener is, but sufficient wind where the turbines are on a ridge-top to power them.
Peer-reviewed studies have found that living near wind turbines does not pose a risk on human health. The studies looked at a range of health effects from hearing loss, nausea, and sleep disorders to dizziness, blood pressure, tinnitus, and more.
Noise guidelines
Unlike typical noise sources at licensed sites, wind turbine noise is directly related to wind speed. Wind turbine noise guidelines in Ireland are set out by the DoEHLG guidance and are based on the principle that turbine noise should be controlled with reference to fixed limits when background noise is low, or relative to background noise itself as it increases with wind speed, whichever is the greater. A common interpretation of these limits is that turbine attributable noise should be limited to:
1. 43 dB LA90 or 5 dB above background noise, whichever is the greater at NSL for night-time· hours
2. 45 dB LA90 or 5 dB above background noise , whichever is the greater at NSL for daytime hours 35 to 40 dB LA90 or 5 dB above background, whichever is the greater, at NSL for daytime· hours where background noise is less than 30 dB LA90
In this context, background noise is defined as a function of wind speed, over the relevant period (day or night) which is quantified by measurements prior to the site being built. It is important that such background noise measurements are referenced with wind speed at the hub height of the turbine(s) proposed, as it is this which sets the level of noise generated by the turbine.
WHO Guidelines
World Health Organisation Community Noise Guidelines, 1999 This guidance document recommends an external day-time limit of 55 dB LAeq to prevent serious annoyance during the daytime and evening, or 50 dB LAeq to prevent moderate annoyance, together with a night-time external noise limit of 45 dB LAeq to protect against sleep disturbance.
WHO Night Noise Guidelines for Europe
The World Health Organisation has recently published updated guidance on night-time noise levels designed to protect the public, based on external noise levels as averaged over a whole year xii. This recommends a target value of Lnight,outside of 40 dB where Lnight,outside is the external LAeq over a 1 year period xiii. It should be noted that this guideline limit is intended to cover noise from all sources at a specific location.
WHO guidelines for Holland
Holland Wind turbine noise is restricted to an Lden value of 47 dB and an Lnight value of 41 dB.
WHO for germany
Germany No specific wind turbine noise guidance is available so the following generic limits apply. iN genral it is 35 to 70 dB(night) and Day 50-70 dB.
WHO for Itly
A guidance document on wind turbine noise is currently being drafted but, until such time as this is available, the following generic limits apply: 40-70dB(night) and 50-70 in day for school, hospital, mixed activity, commercial and industrial etc.
Hope content is helpful for you.
Ashish
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Hello, Mr. Oken! I am a professor at Universidade Federal da Paraíba - Brazil, specializing in spirituality and health, and I am beginning to research in the field of physical healing through spiritual or mental intervention. Your Project research sounds very interesting; do you or your team recommend a research group of your acquantaince for me to contact and share knowledge, results, or even projects? Thank you in advance!
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De nada! 🇧🇷
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Recent disclosures during hearings in the US have shown that civil servants and NGO's appear to believe that they have more authority than the elected president. This suggests not only a violation of the laws, but more importantly, a view that they are above the laws. Does this suggest that the NGO's are being used as subterfuge to get federal funding, which may be used for policies and actions that also violate the laws.
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Specifically, over the past three years, as massive corruption has been exposed in the United States from top law enforcement and intelligence communities, it begs the question if, specific to the intelligence agencies and State department, they were involved in subterfuge organizations as a ploy to get into foreign countries, similar to the Trojan horse , and used covertly as a means to be disruptive, as opposed to serving the mission as it was marketed.
It would be naive to think that this practice is anything other than standard for many governments, and the question then becomes, to what level can this continue to be acceptable and when does it cross over to being a rogue entity without accountability.
There is a growing consensus in the United States that the intelligence community has violated its mandates and has gone rogue, even potentially using its rogue mindset to attempt to disavow a democratic election.
The post is as much an observation, a plea and a warning to other nations... many in our nation expect to have significant revelations disclosed, regarding such attempted abuses, and we cannot disregard the potential weaponization of things such as viruses as a means for rogue entities to attempt to distract the discerning eye.
As a result, be on your best watch, for the advancement of humanity and the witnessing and prosecution of rogue entities causing global damage in the multiple economic, social and political systems that are currently in place.
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What should be the priority system for government policy?
Given the need to collect a salary, benefits, employ millions, develop policies, enact legislation, provide safety net for healthcare, education, employment, and other investments into our society, build infrastructure, defend borders, assist other nations, invest in science, gather intelligence data, defend the People's rights, Liberties and Freedoms, Defend equality, fair justice for all, explore new frontiers, control financial systems, etc...
Which "systems " should be federalized, vs. run by states or private enterprise?
Should federal tax payers subsidize state governments that overspend by allowing state tax deductions of unlimited amounts?
Where does national defense, infrastructure or healthcare fit in the priority system?
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Thank you for your responses...it is interesting to ponder, as it appears that the mass population is used as a financing arm of governments, via taxation, for various domestic , international and global outreach initiatives.
There is significant public unrest in many nations, as it becomes clear that national agendas and individual agendas differ in priorities.
Where should the limits be set between what a society says it needs or wants to do, but it needs financing from individuals vs. what an individual needs or wants to do independent of societal pressures.
If I want to build a home, but the government wants to spread globalization, and another sector wants to control the environment, when do my choices become mute and why?
What rights, laws and conditions allow confiscation of personal earnings in the name of someone else's priorities?
Is this not what many political differences come down to at the root?
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My goal is to find a Safety Forum which debates these two questions below: 
  1. Is there just one worker on your site who could never be convinced that "all accidents are preventable,".
  2. Is the mantra above even worth saying anymore?
I wonder how much more progress we could make if we used Safety Performance Indicators to evaluate success and reduce TRIR 6% annually.
For those in the "know" OSHA's enforcement activity is down 7.4 percent in the first five months of FY 2018, compared to the previous year. Instead of taking all necessary steps to reduce workplace illness, injury and death, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and other critical agencies are being required to operate with fewer resources.
For Example: Federal OSHA now has just 875 inspectors to cover over 9 million U.S. workplaces. This is the lowest number of inspectors in the 46-year history of the agency. It will take 158 years, with current resources, for OSHA to inspect all workplaces under its jurisdiction.
The median fine imposed on a worker’s life is $7,500 per each employee by federal and state OSHA following a workplace fatality. Despite a pressing need for more health and safety enforcement, training, consulting and regulation, the 2019 federal budget proposal from the U.S. Office of Management and Budget would zero out two critical programs.
First: The Susan Harwood Training Grants, a $10.5 million OSHA program which allow unions, workers’ centers, employer trade associations, universities and other qualified organizations to provide health and safety training to vulnerable workers and hard to reach populations.
Second: The Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, “Global Estimates of the Burden of Injury and Illness at Work in 2012,” Vol. 111, 2014 – Issue 5 4 National Employment Law Project. As workplace safety enforcement continues to decline political debates continue to ignore, "March 2019 AFL-CIO, “Deaths on the Job Rates".
Which just adds to a total neglect of April's 2018 National Employment Law Project, as workplace safety and enforcement efforts continues to decline. While politicians give little or no thought to the important issue of rising healthcare cost in the US.
The U.S. Chemical Safety Board, budget of $11 million in FY 2018 is used to investigate major chemical explosions and leaks, focusing on root cause analysis that prevent future major chemical incidents.
These two programs represent the tiniest fraction of a proposed $4.75 trillion federal budget, However both have a large impact on the increasing cost of healthcare.
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Just to begin addressing your question, all accidents are not preventable. However we can reduce the possibility of occurance when we take OSHA procedures and regulations into serious consideration.
The following link provides a comprehensive discussion about OSHA in minimizing accidents and safeguarding the wellbeing of employees in the workplace.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) focuses on safe and healthy work conditions. They enforce standards for different workplace sectors which include general principles of safety as well as more workplace specific standards for fields like medicine. In cases of new issues, OSHA also oversees research about new rules. Simply put, provide a place to work without known physical hazards.
Increases Employee Productivity
According to a study conducted by the University of Warwick, employee happiness led to a 12% spike in productivity. One essential way to build happiness among your employee base is to provide them with a healthy working environment. Feeling unsafe or not cared for is a simple way to lower productivity. Benefits of productivity for employees include:
Impressing your customersProviding superior service and boosting loyaltyBuilding a strong culture among your employeesBoosting morale among staff you’ve invested time and money withProviding better incentives to your employees as the company does betterSpending less money on employee training and recruitmentKeep your reputationKeeps Your Employees at Work
OSHA regulations help reduce future incidents by identifying potential hazards, reviewing safety procedures with employees to make sure they are well-known, and recordkeeping information about events. A safer environment keeps your employees at work by reducing the chances of accidents or health problems. Even if it means the safety of one additional person or the prevention of one accident, OSHA regulations, and standards or worth it!
Increases Your Overall Profitability
Looking to improve the way your business runs? When you follow OSHA standards, your employees can work without incident. A safe workplace shows that you care, boosts productivity, and even keeps morale high. When employees are happy, they are productive, and therefore profitable.
In the study conducted by the University of Warwick, a researcher Dr. Sgroi stated, “The driving force seems to be that happier workers use the time they have more effectively, increasing the pace at which they can work without sacrificing quality.” A happy employee doesn’t count the minutes until his or her shift is over, but instead actively participates in the workplace.
Whether it is a highly technical skill like working as a trauma nurse or serving meals in a restaurant, productivity gives your business a better reputation and increases profits. Profitability increases when you care about profitability.
Protects from Lawsuits or Legal Ramifications
OSHA sends inspectors to business locations for standards compliance and assessments. When your company passes inspections, documentation is provided. Personal injury lawsuits filed by workers are more difficult to defend if a recent inspection is on file. Instead of relying on a form of private enforcement and regulation through lawsuit filing, inspectors protect your business from lawsuits.
Even if lawsuits aren’t your biggest concern, accidents on the job also can cost you a great deal of money from the medical side of things. Keep everyone safe with OSHA.
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Kazan federal University has a similar project and it could be interesting to share the results.
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The Potential-project is so far a national project. Thanks for your interest.
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At the Kazan Federal University (Russian Federation), I help organize the VII conference of the Sadykov reading."Society 5.0: The Paradoxes of the Digital Future". But I do not know how to find new contacts who may be interested to participate in.
Conference working languages: Russian, English, Chinese.
Workshops topics:
- Digital Paradise or "hello" from Big Brother?
- Homo Digitalis: Hopes, Risks, Prospects.
- Transformation of Knowledge and Education in a Digital Society
- Ontology of Virtual and Augmented Reality.
- Digital Humanity as a New Interdisciplinary Paradigm.
- Is Society 5.0. a step Towards Transhumanism?
- The fourth industrial revolution and digital capitalism.
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You might want to reach out to those at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan too.
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Parameter server(PS) aggregates the gradients in federated deep learning, Can PS perform any other calculation like training on its side?
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Parameter servers are a core part of many machine learning applications. Their role is to store the parameters of a machine learning model (e.g., the weights of a neural network) and to serve them to clients (clients are often workers that process data and compute updates to the parameters).
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Can economics be described in naturalistic terms considering that the forces controlling economics are not natural and in many cases be artificially controlled e.g. the Federal Reserve changing interest rates (the argument is that the Federal Reserves sets rates based upon the amount of money in the system, but this is just an approximation and their decision may be affected by non-linearity of the money system) and therefore the rate is arbitrary and unnatural?
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There is gold in this question. Now, look at human beings as agents of nature. What lenses do human beings wear? The lenses draw from the physical world around us. So, Paul Samuelson drew from ecology to illuminate economics in the seventies. The strength of our illumination of reality (social and physical) depends on our understanding of nature - the perspectives that provide our lenses.
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What is the contemporary practice of the United Nations in the pursuit of preventive diplomacy and its impact on federal relations...
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UN Charter combines all three approaches-peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peace building- into the UN's structure, other organizations like the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM), and/or different non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) focus on preventive approaches for dispute settlement because
of cost as well as risk effectiveness.(Sezai Özçelik, 2006: p107) .
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From the Gilded Age to the Progressive Era.
What were the chief problems, and what new federal legislation was passed to meet those problems? What did these problems have to do with the rapid post-Civil War industrialization of the country? What roles did the American Civil War play in the emergence of the Gilded Age (1870-1890)? Why did the Gilded Age give rise to populism and wide-spread protests? And why did populism ultimately pass over into (1890-1920) progressivism? Does the sequence of reform legislation hold any possible lessons for contemporary politics? Who were the chief American populists and the leaders of the progressive movement? What did they accomplish and how did they do it?
Please document your contributions and answers so far as possible.
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One person's reform is another person's repression.
In the late 1950s the top tax rate in America was 90%, President Kennedy dropped this significantly, and what followed in the 1960s the American economy boomed. Is cutting the top tax rate a reform? Or does it just aid the richest Americans?
In 1919 the government made the sale of alcohol illegal. It was considered at the time to be part of the great reform and progressive movement. It led to the undying establishment of nation-wide organized crime that is still with us.
Why is no one discussing the great reform of putting an end to endless money-printing? Is that a reform that is needed? Or would that slow down the economy?
So what these reforms that people are hinting at? Can anyone spell them out?
Or is "reform" just a slogan .... and the less said about it, the more we can all imagine it is a good thing?
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In Canada, Quebec is the only province with a comprehensive family policy. Why isn't the rest of Canada following suite? What do you think we need to do in order to rearrange funding at the federal level in order to provide adequate support to families nation-wide?
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RE: the whole world would benefit from seeing Quebeckers obtain not only their administrative autonomy, but also their legislative, judicial and executive autonomy.
Perhaps the indigenous people of Quebec might be a bit less sanguine about that prospect....
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Since there is an Indo-Austrian Joint Research Collaboration call for, I would like to know whether researcher in the field of Computational biology and bio-sensor development laboratories from Austria could join with me for this grant. This is a programme for Scientific and Technological Co-operation between India and Austria supported by the Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW) on the Austrian side and the Department of Science & Technology (DST) of the Ministry of Science & Technology on the Indian side. This grant covers the funding for exchange visits between India and Austria. I herewith have attached the detailed call for notification and the proposal format in which we are supposed to send a joint application. Kindly reply at the earliest as the deadline closes shortly.
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It's very important
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I'm looking for case studies about apex organizations, second tier cooperatives, or federated cooperatives in any region (an organization who's members are agricultural cooperatives, not individuals). I'm interested in how NGOs build capacity in these organizations, how the organizations serve their member cooperatives, and what works/doesn't work.
Thank you!
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Dear Anna ,
For your search you can consult Dr.Howard Richards , who is an expert on Social Economy and have many publications.
Also to colombian colleagues at the Cooperative University .
If you need their e-mail addresses let me know.
Good luck and good work!
Professor Alicia Cabezudo
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I am currently researching on soils contaminated with electronic waste. The concentrations of the toxic metals were very high, for example my Cu was over 20,000ppm.
I shall be grateful for your kind response.
Dr Adedoyin A.
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun.
Nigeria.
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I like to do my best everyday
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West Malaysia consists of 11 states and 2 Federal territories. I propose to conduct an epidemiological study in 6 states. I want to show the selected states on a Map. Please I need help with ideas on how to present the desired information.
Thank you.
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First download Malaysia from DIVA GIS. Then open QGIS (you can download it) and click on "add vector layer" and browse the country's map. Then click on "select feature" and pressing "Ctrl", select all the states you want to show on your map. Then click on vector and select " geoprocessing tools" and then click "clip". Then select the appropriate layers from the list. And click at the last dropbox to create temporary layer and click "run". Then right click on the already created layers panel and click "property" and then "labels". From the dropbox select " show labels for this layer" . Then select the appropriate names from the "label with" and click "ok". You will get the states with their name. Then continue exercising.
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My project is the national center for mobility management, funded by the Federal Transit Administration. We provide supports to states and regions to reduce transportation barriers to health care. www.nc4mm.org
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We were mostly looking at hours worked. But transit and mobility are certainly important barriers to access to care and labor market participation. Thank you for making me aware of the National Center for Mobility Management!
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Colleagues, could you tell me, how do you define the term “tourist flow” and what is the method of counting it? In the Russian Federation, the process of creating a tourist flow calculation method is underway and I will be grateful for information on this issue.
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Hi;
I hope the file attached give the definitional clarity for you. There exist tourism satellite accounting methodology and some examples. Follow them.
Thanks!
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I proposed to use (Total Federal revenue-Total federal expenditure) as proxy for Governance. Also Co2 emissions per capita as proxy variable for environment. Could anyone help cite references/authorities?
Thanks.
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I’m working with my Prof Essardi omar in research about the impact of human capital on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the case of North African countries and West African countries (CEDAO), I think these articles will help you in your research
Azam, M., Khan, A.Q., Abdullah, H.B. & Qureshi, M.E., 2016. The impact of CO 2 emissions on economic growth: evidence from selected higher CO 2 emissions economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, pp.6376-89.
Selcuk-Kestel, A.S. & Unlu, K.D., 2017. Determination of Causality in Carbon Emission with respect to Economic Growth and Education. Gazi University Journal of Science, 30, pp.161-79.
Tariq, S. et al., 2017. CO2 EMISSIONS FROM PAKISTAN AND INDIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMIC VARIABLES. APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 15, pp.1301-12.
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Good afternoon,
My name is José Bandeira.
I am a doctoral student in agricultural engineering at the Federal University of Ceará.
I am currently working with loss by interception. I intend to investigate the characteristics of throughfall, for example: Distribution of droplet size and diameter reaching the soil and its importance in understanding the other hydrological processes.
This work is being carried out in a semi-arid climate region, with caatinga vegetation.
Faced with this situation, I found articles of his authorship and other collaborators. This article is very good and interesting.
I'd like to know a little about the development of your searches:
1 - What model of dysdrometer used in the project;
2 - I would like to know if there are other equipment equivalent to the dysdrometer, which has the same precision;
3 - With regard to price, I requested a budget here from Brazil and the price is in the range of R $ 52,000.00. What you are using in your searches is in this price range.
Follow my email, if you want to reply here: josebbrasil@outlook.com
Grateful for the attention,
Yours sincerely, José.
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Hello,
We recently published a paper, entitled, European In-Situ Snow Measurements: Practices and Purposes. You can find full-paper in my profile. In this paper we tried to list all possible instruments and methods. I hope that may be a reference for your studies.
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Unitary, federal and other kinds of goverment forms may influence the participation of local communities in the process of designing, implementing, and enforcing rules.
So, if federal goverments acknowledge better the particular features of the resources, is in these contries the resource management more eficient than in unitary states?
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The history and traditions of a country have the potential to greatly influence the direction governments take in terms of resource management. Fiji is an excellent example, and there is a nice case study to be found here:
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Europe 2020 is a 10-year strategy proposed by the European Commission on 3 March 2010 for advancement of the economy of the European Union. It aims at "smart, sustainable, inclusive growth" with greater coordination of national and European policy. It follows the Lisbon Strategy for the period 2000–2010. The strategy identifies five headline targets the European Union should take to boost growth and employment. Originated from the Germany Digital Agenda in 2009 led by Henrik von Scheel for the Federal Minister of Economy & Technology and evolved in 2013 into the Industry 4.0. These are:[ • To raise the employment rate of the population aged 20–64 from the current 69% to at least 75%. • To achieve the target of investing 3% of GDP in R&D in particular by improving the conditions for R&D investment by the private sector, and develop a new indicator to track innovation. • To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% compared to 1990 levels or by 30% if the conditions are right, increase the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption to 20%, and achieve a 20% increase in energy efficiency. • To reduce the share of early school leavers to 10% from the current 15% and increase the share of the population aged 30–34 having completed tertiary from 31% to at least 40%. • To reduce the number of Europeans living below national poverty lines by 25%, lifting 20 million people out of poverty.
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Dear Mr. Murray,
Thanks you very much for your answer. Unfortunatly, European countries have not realized goals from the Europe 2020.
Regards,
Zijad
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I am a MSc student (Animal Breeding and Genetics)of Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State Nigeria.
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Hi!
As Wilson said, there's many ways.
For generating the input files for Arlequin you can take a look at the manual:
In pages 44-50 you have several examples of input files depending on your data. You can take one of the example files and just modify it with your data:
Be careful with the "Profile" lines! (in page 29 of the manual you have all the information you need)
[Profile]
NbSamples=10 ## in your case this is 6
GenotypicData=0 ## it depends on your type of data
LocusSeparator=NONE ## page 29 of the manual
DataType=RFLP
CompDistMatrix=0
[Data]
[[Samples]]
SampleName="POPULATION NAME"
SampleSize= 14 ## or 12 or 13
SampleData= {
... }
Best!
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I am very interested in comparing the African Union to the European Union in terms of structures, treaties, institutions and decision making procedures in general. The EU developed over many decades as a mixture between intergovernmental and supranational organisation. The finality question is still open and nationalists propose renationalization of the EU. How about the African Union? Is there a debate on the overcoming of nation states and a federal and supranational union?
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Dear Marcus,
I am not an expert on organizational science but can share my experience derived from field and low level policy making work in 15 African countries.
I think currently there is no debate in overcoming of the nation states. Dominant majority of African countries participate in the process in order not to lose legitimacy with their electorates who have a romantic feeling of Pan Africanism. There are a few institutional reason why the unification will most likely will be limited to economic integration and freedom of movement. First, majority of African nations did not complete their nation building yet. I think losing independence is still a taboo and suggesting it is a political suicide for majority of leaders. Second, in the history of nation states, there is no example of political integration of low income regions to a center without significant transfer of resources from the center or military enforcement. Neither of these are feasible in African context. Third, material foundations of such a large scale integrations such as transportation infrastructure, safety are still problematic in dominant majority of African countries.
I would be inclined to use multi-speed integration approach that is becoming common in European integration discourse. There are small pockets of examples where supranational approach works partially (South Africa - Botswana - Swaziland - Lesotho - Namibia / Kenya - Rwanda / Senagal - Gambia.
Cheers
Murat
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Simply speaking, I'd like to compare tax rate on government issued securities across countries. In the case of US Treasury, I found that it is taxable in the federal level but not in state and local level.
No information about the tax rate is available. Or is that because the tax is not final, so it will depend on the tax bracket of the taxpayer and there is no tax withheld?
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Dear Ihda
Each investor should use their own marginal income tax rate to decide if municipal bonds are better (or worse) than a comparable credit rating corporate bonds. The formula is (Taxable equivalent yield) = (Tax exempt yield)/(1 - marginal income tax rate), algebraically solve for the marginal income tax rate. See the following for an explanation:
Currently in the US you can figure out the market clearing average of the marginal income tax rate by grabbing from Bloomberg, or Standard & Poors', the average yield to maturity (YTM) for munis, e.g. March 2018, 10 year munis average YTM is 2.49%, and BBB 10 year corporate bonds average YTM is about 4.30%. Therefore, using the above formula the average marginal income tax rate works out to be approximately 42% which would include federal, state, and local income tax rates.