Science topic

Feasibility Studies - Science topic

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.
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Feasibility study, single centre with 3 wards. I am planning to recruit 15 nurses from the 3 wards for a three- arm parallel group design. 2 arms are intervention and one is control.
How do I assign it please?
Can I assign each ward one directly to each arm?
Or is it better to use a quasi-experimental design
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Cluster randomisation (or cluster-randomized trial) is a method used in experimental research where groups, or clusters, of subjects (rather than individual subjects) are randomly allocated to different intervention groups. This approach is often used when interventions are naturally administered at a group level (e.g., schools, communities) or to avoid contamination between individuals within a group. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to conduct cluster randomisation:
Step-by-Step Guide to Cluster Randomisation
  1. Define the Clusters:Determine what constitutes a cluster in your study (e.g., schools, clinics, communities). Ensure clusters are homogeneous in terms of key characteristics to reduce variability within clusters.
  2. Identify the Clusters:List all potential clusters that can be included in your study. Define the inclusion and exclusion criteria for clusters.
  3. Recruit Clusters:Approach and recruit clusters according to your criteria. Obtain consent from the responsible authorities or individuals within each cluster.
  4. Baseline Assessment:Collect baseline data from all clusters before randomisation to assess equivalence and adjust for confounders if necessary.
  5. Randomisation: Randomly allocate clusters to different intervention groups. This can be done using:Simple Randomisation: Each cluster has an equal chance of being assigned to any intervention group. Stratified Randomisation: Clusters are first stratified based on certain characteristics (e.g., size, location) and then randomly assigned within each stratum to ensure balance across groups. Matched-Pair Randomisation: Clusters are paired based on similarities in key characteristics, and one cluster from each pair is randomly assigned to each intervention group.
  6. Randomisation Procedure:Use a random number generator or a randomisation software to ensure the process is unbiased. Keep the allocation concealed until the moment of assignment to prevent selection bias.
  7. Implementation of Interventions:Implement the interventions as per the study protocol within each cluster. Ensure that the intervention is delivered uniformly across all clusters within the same group.
  8. Data Collection:Collect data at specified time points to measure the outcomes of interest. Ensure data collection methods are consistent across all clusters.
  9. Analysis:Account for the clustering effect in your statistical analysis. The outcomes of individuals within the same cluster are likely to be more similar than those from different clusters. Use appropriate statistical techniques such as mixed-effects models, generalized estimating equations (GEE), or multi-level modeling.
  10. Report Results:Report the trial according to the CONSORT guidelines for cluster randomised trials. Include information about the number of clusters, cluster sizes, intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs), and how the analysis accounted for clustering.
Example
Suppose you are conducting a study on the effect of a new teaching method on student performance across different schools (clusters).
  1. Define Clusters: Schools are the clusters.
  2. Identify Clusters: List all eligible schools.
  3. Recruit Clusters: Obtain consent from school administrators.
  4. Baseline Assessment: Collect pre-intervention student performance data.
  5. Randomisation:Simple Randomisation: Use a random number generator to assign each school to either the new teaching method or the control group. Stratified Randomisation: Stratify schools by size or location and then randomly assign within strata.
  6. Implementation of Interventions: Apply the new teaching method in the intervention group schools.
  7. Data Collection: Collect post-intervention student performance data.
  8. Analysis: Use mixed-effects models to analyze the data, accounting for the clustering by school.
  9. Report Results: Follow CONSORT guidelines for cluster trials.
Tools and Software
  • Random Number Generators: Tools like Excel, R, or Python can be used.
  • Randomisation Software: Tools like REDCap, Sealed Envelope, or custom scripts in statistical software.
Ethical Considerations
  • Obtain ethical approval for your study.
  • Ensure informed consent from participants or their guardians if required.
By following these steps, you can effectively design and conduct a cluster randomised trial, ensuring rigor and reliability in your findings.
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In some of the Phd dissertations, I see randomized controlled mixed methods study is conducted applying only feasibility phase with 3-5 participants as a pilot trial. Then the main study is started. Is this method ok? I think they should conduct a pilot trial first which includes feasibility and represents main study including randomized controlled trial design. For example 30 intervention and 30 control groups. How a new developed health education program could be designed best ? Which of the quidelines should be followed ?
Thank you so much for your response in advance!
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Joash Sande Please credit Chat-GTP or the equivalent AI when you re-post responses from it.
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I am looking for an example (PDF) of feasibility study on pike-factory construction (pike Esox lucius spawning grounds restoration).
Best,
D.
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Thank you
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I have recently uploaded a research paper (Feasibility study of replacing currently used freons with Ammonium Chloride and Barium Hydroxide.
(https://nepjol.info/index.php/hijost/article/view/61132) on research gate and shared on facebook. Many of my well-wishers wish to study the paper but they were unable to find the article. What is this issue
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However, I guess you mean that it cannot be found with a Google search. The problem is that it can take days to weeks until Google's automated crawler will find this page in the Internet. It is technically not possible to scan the complete Internet each day to find new pages. You just have to be patient until Google will find your paper in ResearchGate. Google Scholar has got it already (https://scholar.google.de/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Feasibility+study+of+Replacing+Currently+used+Freons+with+Ammonium+Chloride+and+Barium+Hydroxide+for+Freezing+System&btnG=), possibly from www.nepjol.info/index.php/hijost/article/view/61132.
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Dear friends,
I have an experience of conducting feasibility (cost-benefit) study of different crop production practices using plot level treatments. In this case, the methodology is simply recording the costs and returns of each treatment (plot) and compare their profitability. However, now I planned to undertake a feasibility study on different crop production practices (technologies) using face to face interview with producer farmers. But, I fear that the data will face some realiablity issue due to farmers' recalling problem.
So that, in order to releave such problem and to increase the scientific acceptability of the study, 1. What type of methodologies should I follow?!
2. Again, can you please share or recommend me some documents like questionnaires, methods and studies used some where else?!
Thank you in advance!!
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I don't know how you help someone improve their recall, but if you have them recall Information you already acquired in your previously collected data, you might obtain an idea as to whether some numbers are biased high or low.
If you are concerned that they may not want to answer yes/no questions honestly, you could look into the literature on "randomized response."
If you think larger farms may have different responses than smaller ones, you could do a simple random sample in each of two or more subpopulations based on farm size. I would not call that stratified random sampling because that would not indicate you want answers by group/category/subpopulation, and you probably would want that. In stratified random sampling, you want to reduce the sample size needed to obtain overall results, but you may have inadequate sampling in any given stratum to report for that stratum reliably, for itself.
...................
For the future, after determining best practices, if you instead just want to monitor total production from some point forward, you could consider a stratified random sample, by size. It may be best to make the stratum for the largest farms a certainty stratum (i.e., census the largest stratum) to more efficiently obtain estimated totals with good accuracy.
Better, for production totals, if an occasional census of the population is feasible, one might use a form of 'cutoff' sampling with a ratio model to infer to the entire population for intervening periods. Then you could consider the following notes I've made.
Subject: 
'Cutoff' sampling in Official Statistics
The following paper is with regard to the accurate use of 'cutoff' sampling for Official Statistics from establishment surveys.  It has been proven highly effective at the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), using ratio modeling.  (For example: retail electric sales volume by economic end-use sector.) 
Also, especially for repeated establishment surveys, consider: 
"Application of Efficient Sampling with Prediction for Skewed Data," JSM 2022: 
which includes comments on
Guadarrama, Molina, and Tillé(2020), Survey Methodology, which found that regression modeling appeared to perform better than calibration in small domains, for cutoff sampling, in their excellent article found at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342657185_Small_area_estimation_methods_under_cut-off_sampling
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I had recently some doubts about the proposal of a comparative study, comparing botulinum toxin type A and a non pharmacological treatment like dry needling. DN has shown to be effective to decrease spasticity in stroke patients but it has never compared against the gold standard. Could be a comparative (feasibility) study be considered to be until proof of concept stage? Because by definition this should be only for a novel treatment. I also had the doubts of which kind of measurements/outcomes it should include to be a fesibility study
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A feasibility study is an important step in the early stages of translational research and can help to determine the potential success of a proposed intervention or study. However, a feasibility study should not be considered as proof of concept research.
Proof of concept research typically refers to studies that provide preliminary evidence that an intervention or approach is likely to be effective. These studies are often conducted in animal models or in vitro before moving on to clinical trials in humans. In contrast, a feasibility study is focused on testing the feasibility of conducting a larger study and collecting preliminary data on the potential effectiveness of an intervention.
In a feasibility study, the focus should be on evaluating the feasibility of the study design, recruitment strategies, and data collection methods. Some key components of a feasibility study may include:
  1. Defining the study population and eligibility criteria
  2. Developing and testing the intervention or intervention protocol
  3. Determining the feasibility of the study design and recruitment strategies
  4. Collecting preliminary data on potential outcomes
  5. Evaluating the feasibility of data collection and management
  6. Identifying potential barriers to study completion and developing strategies to address them
  7. Determining the feasibility of the intervention delivery and administration.
Overall, a feasibility study should be designed to provide preliminary data on the feasibility of a proposed intervention and to identify potential issues that may need to be addressed before moving on to a larger study. While it may provide some preliminary evidence of the potential efficacy or effectiveness of the intervention, it should not be considered as definitive proof of concept research.
A feasibility study can be considered as an early stage of research that is designed to test the feasibility of a new intervention or to determine the best way to conduct a larger study. A comparative study, such as comparing botulinum toxin type A and dry needling, can be considered as a feasibility study if the main goal is to assess the feasibility of conducting a larger study that would compare these treatments.
In terms of outcomes and measurements, a feasibility study should focus on evaluating the feasibility of the study design, recruitment strategies, and data collection methods. Some possible outcomes and measurements to consider in a feasibility study comparing botulinum toxin type A and dry needling for spasticity reduction in stroke patients could include:
  1. Recruitment rate: The number of patients recruited in a given period of time.
  2. Retention rate: The number of patients who complete the study.
  3. Acceptability of the intervention: Patients' satisfaction with the intervention, including any adverse events or discomfort.
  4. Feasibility of the outcome measures: The feasibility and accuracy of the measurement tools, such as the Ashworth Scale, to assess spasticity reduction.
  5. Compliance with treatment: Patients' adherence to the treatment regimen.
  6. Safety of the intervention: Any adverse events associated with the intervention.
  7. Effect size: Any preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of the interventions on spasticity reduction.
It is important to note that a feasibility study is not designed to provide definitive evidence of the efficacy or effectiveness of an intervention. Rather, it is designed to test the feasibility of the study design and to provide preliminary data on the potential efficacy or effectiveness of the intervention.
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In our Country Sudan, and of course many countries, there are many gas turbine engines became out of service and not applicable to aero applications due to airworthiness law requitement. But those engines are still working probably and I think it can be used for industrial application like electricity generation. I need to do feasibility study then if its feasible to use ex-service gas turbine engines I will go further step to conduct research on required modifications.
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Yes, several studies have been conducted on the use of ex-service gas turbine engines for electricity generation. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory has conducted a study on the feasibility of using retired gas turbine engines for distributed generation applications. Additionally, the University of Melbourne has conducted a study on the repurposing of retired military gas turbine engines for micro-grid electricity generation.
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Is product market research the same as production market research?
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A Business Feasibility Study can be defined as a controlled process for identifying problems and opportunities, determining objectives, describing situations, defining successful outcomes and assessing the range of costs and benefits associated with several alternatives for solving a problem.
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I am looking the solubility of H2S in water at 1 atm and 313.15 K (4O c) to conduct feasibility study on water scrubber for biogas treatment.
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There are general programs that can be harnessed to calculate some of the criteria for evaluating projects economically. But are there any recent programs that have direct relevance to the economic feasibility of projects?
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Yes, you can get Bytex Feasibility Analyzer version 5.18 copyrighted by Arthur Tambong from Payhip.com/Bytex, a PSAE-award winning Feasibility Study making software compliant with the International Accounting Standard or IAS and the International Financial Reporting Standard or IFRS.
Other Feasibility Study Services are also available in this website like: (a) Financial and Economic Feasibility Analyses, (b) Finacial and Economic Sensitivity Analyes, (c) Preparation of Income Statement, Cash Flow, Balance Sheet, Notes to Financial Statement, Profitability and Liquidity Ratios and Break-Even Analysis.
Also available on the above website is an ebook entitled "Introduction to Software-Aided Feasibility Study Preparation" authored by Arthur Tambong and many sample feasibility studies in various fields of endeavor that are compliant with the IAS and IFRS standards.
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I want to compare two theorems and see which one has the largest feasibility domain. like the attached picture.
for example, I have the following matrices: A1=[-0.5 5; a -1]; A2=[-0.5 5; a+b -1]; they are a function of 'a' and 'b' I want to plot according to 'a' and 'b' the points where an LMI is  feasible for example the following LMI Ai'*P+P*Ai<0
then I want to plot the points where another LMI is  feasible, for example:
Ai'*Pi+Pi*Ai<0
I have seen similar maps in many articles where the authors demonstrated that an LMI is better than another because it is applicable for more couples (a,b)
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Usually, these problems are easily solved by YALMIP toolbox in MATLAB.
Here, I write the following pseudocode for your problem:
It can be solved by defining two 'for-loop' as follows:
for min(a)<a<max(a)
for min(b)<b<max(b)
solve the proposed LMI-based optimization problem
if the LMI problem is feasible
figure(1)
hold on
plot(a,b,'.r')
end
end
end
OR, you can use the following sample:
for a = 0:1:15
for b = -12:1:0
yalmip('clear')
% Model data
A1 = [a 0.02;0.35463 0.2035];
A2 = [0.7025 0.02;0.2525 0.1025];
sdpvar P1(2);
sdpvar P2(2);
con1 = P1>=0;
con2 = P2>=0;
con3 = A1'*P1+P1*A1<0
con4 = A2'*P2+P2*A2<0
constraints = con1+con2+con3+con4;
opt = sdpsettings('solver','mosek','verbose',0);
optimize(constraints,gamma,opt);
P1 = value(P1);
P2 = value(P2);
eigP1 = min(eig(P11));
eigP2 = min(eig(P12));
if eigP1>0 && eigP2>0
figure(1)
hold on
plot(a,b,'.k','MarkerSize',5)
end
end
end
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I am conducting a systematic review about a newly developed psychological intervention for children, but all studies available are of exploratory/feasibility nature and I am not sure how to evaluate/analyse their results.
I am wondering if anyone is aware of guidelines or articles regarding the decision process of going from a pilot/feasibility stage to full RCT?
I am sure this is a relevant question in many departments, deciding if the results from exploratory studies justify going further with expensive RCTs.
I have been looking in to Cochrane Library etc. to see how they evaluate evidence, but what I can find is mostly regarding making clinical guidelines based on evidence availible (RCTs and other sources of evidence).
If anyone knows anything about this process, guidelines for going from exploratory to RCTs, I would be immensely grateful since I feel a bit stuck on this question (how to analyse the results from feasibility/exploratory intervention studies, what criteria can be used for deciding to go ahead or not with RCTs etc..)
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Unfortunately, there is (as is so often the case in scientific research) no pre-determined answer for your question. You will have to consider, decide and substantiate the criteria for inclusion in your study. You might find this specific part of the Cochrane handbook you already consulted specifically helpful in the process:
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I am doing a systematic review of a psychological intervention in child populations, and the currently published studies are all feasibility studies of varying sizes and designs, made for children with different psychological problems and diagnoses.
It seems that the majority of these studies use reliable change index in their statistical analysis (although they do use them a bit differently). I am thinking that it could be good to compare how many patients achieved reliable/clinically significant change across these studies...
I have tried to find studies that have done this without much luck, does anyone know if such comparisons would be a good idea, or if anyone has done this before? (or how this could be done better in other ways?).
The heterogeneity of designs etc of the studies I have found make proper meta-analysis impossible, but I am trying to find a good way to present their findings, and I am not sure how this could be done properly (I have not found many/any reviews of feasibility studies).
Any advice or references to studies would be greatly appreciated.
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Thank you both very much for your answers Stephen David Edwards and
Angelina Inesia Forde
, I am not sure how using GTM could work in my situation. The studies in my review are mostly feasibility studies, with different designs, some non-randomized controlled, others case series etc... Lots of pre- to posttreatment measurements of anxiety, depression, ocd symptoms, GAD symptoms etc...
Since I do not think it would be possible to do meta-analysis on these studies, I am looking for ways to present them as clearly as possible.
This is some of the things I am thinking of presenting in my result section:
1. Compare any effects (although proper meta-analysis is not possible because of heterogeneity etc). 2. Evaluate quality of evidence (all studies are feasibility studies of differing size and quality, which I am not certain of how to properly evaluate). 3. Compare acceptability of the intervention (via drop out rates, acceptability measures etc.)
Thanks for your input, it is really helpful to get some feedback!
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For an Integer Linear Programming problem (ILP), an irreducible infeasible set (IIS) is an infeasible subset of constraints, variable bounds, and integer restrictions that becomes feasible if any single constraint, variable bound, or integer restriction is removed. It is possible to have more than one IIS in an infeasible ILP.
Is it possible to identify all possible Irreducible Infeasible Sets (IIS) for an infeasible Integer Linear Programming problem (ILP)?
Ideally, I aim to find the MIN IIS COVER, which is the smallest cardinality subset of constraints to remove such that at least one constraint is removed from every IIS.
Thanks for your time and consideration.
Regards
Ramy
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Dear Fellow Researchers,
My work is mostly concerned with feasibility studies and scientific forecasts for future development of Humankind. My work is absolutely scientific and in no way "science-fictional".
My Masters Thesis published in 2000 was titled "Accelerator Driven Nuclear Energy Systems":
I have shown that subcritical fission reactors driven by accelerator neutron source can produce much more energy then their accelerator consumes. These reactors would use widely available nuclear fuels like 232Th and 238U. Unfortunately, by 2000 nuclear fission energy was already in decline. In a more recent work on history of energy production I argue that nuclear energy was a lost opportunity for Humankind:
In my recent work, I present feasibility studies relating to Energy Revolution driven by solar and wind power:
I present a case that photovoltaic power would not only replace fossil fuels for energy generation, but would also enable Humankind to increase overall energy production by a factor of at least 100. As global energy production increases, global industrial production and income per capita will increase as well. Hopefully, Humankind will enter global post-scarcity economy. This process should take many decades similar to Industrial Revolution.
In a recent work I describe some of logistics of energy generation and distribution with primarily photovoltaic energy generation and hydrogen economy:
In another work I present a case for harvesting wind power from Jet Stream:
Would anyone be interested in joint work on aforementioned subjects?
Best Regards,
Mikhail Shubov
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Dear Dr. Peter Mpinga,
What are you working on?
Best Regards,
Dr. Mikhail Shubov
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Hello Everyone,
Could anyone suggest the best place to publish feasibility studies and popular science articles? In Air Buoyancy Engines I demonstrate feasibility of updraft towers or air balloon engines generating energy with 12% efficiency from a 33 C heat source. The main credit for balloon engines belongs to Dr. Ion Edmonds. In Feasibility of Extremely Heavy Lift Hot Air Balloons and Airships I demonstrate feasibility of airships using hot air as lifting gas. For insulated high mass airships, thermal power requirement is proportional to the cubic root of mass. In Harvesting Jet Stream Wind Power by Turbines on Moored Airships I demonstrate that high altitude wind power can be economically harvested by the aforementioned hot air airships.
Thank You
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Choose Q1 hybrid journals
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Hello,
What is the difference between pilot study/ phase? preliminary study/ feasibility study?
What they call the type of piloting that aims to test the instrument (e.g. survey, interview)? and what is the name of the type of piloting that is considered a smaller version of the main (PhD) thesis?
In the confirmation viva what type of piloting new PGRs usually use in their first year?
My major is Applied Linguistics.
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Hi Dr Samaher Saud . There are two types :
(1) smaller versions of studies, called feasibility studies, and
(2) “the pre-testing or 'trying out' of a particular research instrument”
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What is your opinion on how much patients I need for a early feasibility study (ESF) to access in human device functionality of a prototype?
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Dear Thales Paulo Batista The first part of the answer to your question is simply: 'how long is a piece of string'? That is, the sample size of a test procedure depends on the accuracy and precision of the procedure. What measures will you take to test this prototype? The classic answer is threefold:
Effectiveness: proportion of correct solutions made by testees
Efficiency: amount of mental enegery expended by testees in arriving at correct solutions
Satisfaction: internal mental state of testees after they finish work with the prototype
See the ISO 2941 standard (browse for it!)
Unfortunately, Effectiveness and Efficiency do not have standardised test procedures, although Satisfaction does: see my work at sumi.uxp.ie
The other part of the question is: 'how big is the gap'? That is, to what extent does your prototype exhibit all the behaviour a testee will expect to see in the finally developed app. If your prototype is missing functionalities that will be obvious to the testee, then either 'more work is needed' or you may wish to test with a wire-frame model or a good paper prototype using a Wizard of Oz method. Using these partial methods, you will not wish to rely on quantitative data, but listen carefully to what your testees are telling you. Classically there is no predictive model for sample size in such open-ended research: you carry on sampling until you achieve 'saturation': that is, you start getting the same reactions over and over again.
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While Retrofitting Stone Masonry Buildings, the local failure mechanism also plays a governing role like the Global Failures. Whilst Splint and Bandages can be placed for In plane and Out of Plane failures control, it also becomes necessary to control the local failure of the walls. Hence, as Jacketing is to be performed in remaining areas to control it, which is later covered with plasters/micro concreting, the original aesthetics of building is found to be lost. What optimum methods (that are also economically feasible) can be used in such case to preserve the vernacular architectures.
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Hi dear Michele.
The stability of a monument is the most important document for accepting the correctness of engineering calculations and the efficiency of construction tricks such as material selection, replacement of buildings and structures. Therefore, for the restoration of historical monuments, the priority is to use the same original and indigenous tools and methods, which are the legacy of many experiences in the field of restoration and stone architecture. Correct identification of the stone materials used in the building and providing the same materials for restoration requires careful research. Discovery of old mines and extraction from the same mine, if possible, will cause homogeneity and cohesion of materials during the restoration of the building. It is not difficult to understand that the architects of the past used eco-friendly materials, but it requires a lot of patience. Due to the high cost of traditional methods, they are avoided. Rapid restoration, without scientific support, necessary capital and specialized labor in the field of restoration are the reasons for the demolition of the building. In stone restoration, weeding is very important because it grows under the building and breaks the stone and eventually breaks it. The stone needs care and protection after restoration.
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I'm planning to conduct a Pilot Feasibility Study of a digital health intervention for individuals with low back pain. However, I wonder how I have to calculate the sample size, as feasibility will be the primary outcome.
Any help will be really appreciated!
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Thank you for sharing this paper. This's really helpful and clear!
All the best!
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A well detailed feasibility study on biscuits production
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@Monica
First of all, do a thorough market survey to get data on the demand and supply variables for the biscuits industry. Most times, what business people refer to as feasibility study is a combination of feasibility and viability studies and I guess this is what you are going to do. After the market survey, identify the feasibility indicators for the business. While feasibility looks at possibility, viability looks at profitability Therfore, evaluate the viability indicators also, based on your field data to arrive at an unbiased conclusion about the worthwhileness of the project.
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We are a group of students relatively new in the research world. We are currently working on our research assessing the anti-carcinogenic effects of active compounds present in Colocasia esculenta parts in mitigating prostate cancer carcinogenesis. This study aims to utilize the whole Colocasia esculenta plant, extracting and isolating the active compounds present in its roots, leaves, and stem, and assess and compare their anti-carcinogenic effectivity against prostate cancer. Thus, we want to ask experts, preferably taro experts but can be also general experts about chemoprevention and oncology, out there several questions below regarding research design and concerns.
  1. What statistical methodologies are used to utilize and measure the efficacy of the taro's anti-carcinogenic activity?
  2. We've encountered several studies that use crude TE in evaluating the taro's effects against cancer cell lines. And we're currently applying this to our research. We want to ask if wild taro extract can serve as a doable surrogate for the poi extract. Moreover, we also want to know if the taro (raw or cooked) condition could produce a mixed result concerning taro's inhibitory effect against carcinogenesis?
  3. Our study involves testing crude TE taken from various parts of the plant on prostate cancer cell lines. When testing out the carcinogenic and migration assays of obtained prostate cancer cell lines, generally, how much isolated Colocasia esculenta phytochemical extract is needed for experimentation to assure maximum data accuracy?
  4. Do you see the potential of taro's leaves and stem from having anti-carcinogenic properties aside from the corm? Are active compounds of the corm of C.esculenta might be more less-efficient in mitigating carcinogenesis than of the leaves and stem?
  5. Can the inhibitory effect of Colocasia esculenta (taro) extract against carcinogenesis be more pronounced in vitro than in vivo? Or in the other way?
  6. On the matter of sample toxicity, what should we worry about when obtaining Colocasia esculenta phytochemical extracts?
  7. The processes we found viable for active compound extraction are maceration and decoction. Would you recommend these too, or are there other more efficient techniques?
  8. Are there any dangers that we should expect/watch out for from acquired taro extracts? If so, what are these?
  9. We've encountered several studies that use crude TE with more-or-less similar results as yours. And we're currently applying this to our research. We want to ask if wild taro extract can serve as a doable surrogate for the poi extract. Moreover, we also want to know if the taro (raw or cooked) condition could produce a mixed result concerning taro's inhibitory effect against carcinogenesis?
  10. Our study directly involves testing taro extract into human PCa cancer cell lines. In your article, you used a rat colon cancer cell line first. Thus, is it appropriate to start experimenting first on human cancer cell lines rather than on rat cancer cell lines beforehand?
  11. Are there any additional measures we need to take to attain the most accurate outcomes possible? Anything we need to take note of or remember?
  12. Overall, does this research seem feasible enough to be accomplished by us students who are only in high school?
We are willing to hold a video consultation session if possible to address such concerns. Your help is very much appreciated.
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Going back to your original question dihydroartemisin or even the original artemisinin are plant products with a powerfull efect on prostate cancer cells inducing ferroptosis.
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Currently, solar installment at domestic level is at peak without any feasibility study. I used HOMER for an optimal plant size for green energy generation at community level. Please guide me about the optimality and reliability of this tool before making a policy to implement.
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The program is very useful, but my advice is to use it in order to verify the results, from my point of view it is best to use programming to solve your problem yourself so that the results do not depend on a closed box
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Does anyone know a journal that publishes protocols of pilot studies (except from 'bmc - pilot and feasibility studies')? Thank you!
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Dear Judith,
You can try journals related to Systematic Reviews, and Clinical Trials.
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We are conducting a pre-feasibility/feasibility study of CCUS for an industrial cluster in eastern Norway. Some of the sources have relative high concentrations of NOx and SO2.
While we know the possibilities and challenges amine technology gives we are considering the possibilities of combined flue gas treatment and CCUS with technologies like chilled ammonia or hot potassium.
Vendors of both technologies claim that they are robust against acid gases, and other impurities, in the flue gas, and that they can be utilized to reduce NOx (mostly NO2) and SO2. This seems also to be somewhat supported in research reports, but very superficially described.
We are wondering if it would be technological possible, and cost-efficient, to build an integrated system. Both to avoid new investments in improved FGD systems and to improve the air quality as a result of an CCUS investment.
I have > 20 years experience from Waste to Energy and have been working on CCUS since 2014.
Our web site are: https://www.borgco2.no/
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Adsorption system will address your challenges
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Need feasibility study report for a Quarantine Center of 500 beds or somewhat similar capacity(land, type of construction, water supply and sanitation and other allied facilities). Assuming that the project is to be executed on fast-track basis.
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if for temporary setups, then it is suggested to look into different countrey examples.
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Zimbabwe is a developing country which has been importing sodium cyanide from other countries which are used in the gold mining industry, it has been proposed to carry out a feasibility study on the local manufacture of sodium cyanide. your contributions towards this project are necessary for its success
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Please use this file to do your study
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I am currently working on a project of finding the feasible and viable plastic bag alternatives that could be implemented sustainably in Fiji. Because of the harmful effects that plastic pollution has played on the environment and the ecosystem, this project has been brought about to outline and highlight viable alternatives to single-use plastic bags for Fiji.
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I think that this research can be useful for your research:
* Recycling of Polyethylene Bags into High-Strength Yarns Without Using Melt Processing.
Abstract
A critical issue facing mankind is how to effectively recycle plastic grocery bags. Currently, the most proven practice for bag recycling is to create numerous returning sites throughout the nation. However, the success is compromised by the voluntary nature of such activities. In this work, we investigate an alternative approach to bag returning, by diverting recycling activities directly to consumers or end users at home. Specifically, a simple process for converting waste bags into high-strength fibers and yarns is designed and tested in an experimental feasibility study. The results from tensile testing and thermal analysis demonstrate that by a combined process sequence of cutting, knotting, twisting, hot drawing, and heat setting, high-strength polyethylene yarns with mechanical properties comparable to those of melt-spun polyethylene fibers can be produced. Without the involvement of melt processing, yarns made of a waste high-density polyethylene grocery bag material were hot drawn and heat set to achieve a tensile strength of 330 MPa. Yarns with such ternacity are expected to find numerous applications in textile, flooring, and leisure products. This may open up a new paradigm in plastic bags recycling and allow part of the recycling burden to be shifted to local residential communities.
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I have a couple studies that were classed as pilot RCTs that I'm not sure if they are suitable to be critiqued using the Risk of Bias tool (Cochrane) for a systematic review. My concern is the size of the trials, although they do have a good method.. for example:
I've done some readying into the Cochrane Risk of Bias exclusion & defining terms but the document does not mention low powered RCTs (specifically the pilot or feasibility RCTs) - link: https://epoc.cochrane.org/sites/epoc.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/Resources-for-authors2017/what_study_designs_should_be_included_in_an_epoc_review.pdf
I'd appreciate your valued expertise on this matter. Many thanks!
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Yes You can use Cochrane tool in such studies
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Is assessing effectiveness a sub-dimension of feasibility or these are separate entities altogether? what aspects must be considered while doing a feasibility study for a new intervention?
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The difference lies in the timing of the assessment: pre and post-assessment. Also, feasibility has more to do with concrete implementation (pre) whereas effectiveness has to do with achieving the desired or intended outcomes (post).
Feasibility: Is the project implementable in its entire operational cycle?
Effectiveness: Is the project fulfilling or attaining its intended missions?
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For definition purposes, pilot studies are usually considered as the trial or miniature version of your main study; but in case of a feasibility study...is a pilot study required? and also how the sample size calculation differs in both?
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You are contractor of a construction project.
There is a problem. Problem is late approval of feasibility reports, work permits, drawings and materials by owner of the project.
1) How do you plan to prevent occurrence of this problem?
If your preventive actions are not successful, how do you control the consequences of this delay?
2) or What will be your mitigation measures as contractor to makeup gone time and cost ?
3) What would be if you are in owner position?
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Use any of the project management software such as PRIMEVERA or hire a project manager who knows to use it. And use that as the platform for your works
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I am running a simple within-group feasibility study (3 time points), linear mixed model with time as a fixed effects, and subjects a random effect (but not covariate). I have found information on how to calculate effect sizes between time points (e.g. time 1 and time 2; time 1 and time 3, etc), but, as my groups are unbalanced, I am unsure how to calculate an effect size for all three time points.
Any help as to how to do this would be appreciated!
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In Stata you can use the following command for mixed random models
mixed dependent_var independent_var1 independent_var2..etc || _all: independent_var_level_1.1 independent_var_level_1.2 independent_var_level_1.3 || _all: independent_var_level_2.1 independent_var_level_2.2 independent_var_level_2.3
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I'm working on a feasibility study for implementing an IPCC (In pit crushing and conveying) in an open pit mine. I need some references in this regard. can you suggest me some?
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I recommend Hussien's answer
Best Regards
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Consort transparent reporting issue
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Dear Sam,
I am not aware about any specific flow diagram for quasi-experimental designs. However, I do think you can adapt the CONSORT 2010 Flow Diagram for randomized clinical trials for your purpose, if it is an interventional design. If not, you can go with the STROBE adaptation.
Please let me know if those models might work for your purpose.
Thanks,
LH
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Question answered! Thanks to all experts who replied!
Dear experts,
I am currently writing my final thesis, a feasibility study in the agricultural industry. I must choose to either use an inductive or deductive approach during this project, however, I am in doubt which approach to choose, as, in my opinion, I use aspects of both.
In my literature review, I use general theories (Abell; Laddering; ...) mainly to set up an interview guide. My primary research mainly consists of semi-structured interviews with farmers, using the interview guide. I will code these data to come to my conclusions and recommendations. The way I see it, this research is as qualitative as a feasibility study can get.
As said, I am in doubt about the approach I should use / am using. I recognize a number of deductive elements in the literature review (using an abstract theory to set up specific interview questions), but the field research is an inductive process. Your view on this would be highly appreciated!
Yours faithfully,
Aito G. Atzema
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We humans make use of both types of reasoning, and this seems to function rather in the cognitive unconscious. Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific, usually starting from a theory, which is then narrowed down to more specific hypotheses to test. Inductive reasoning works the other way, usually beginning with specific observations, detecting patterns and regularities, formulating some tentative hypotheses to test, and ending up developing some conclusions or theory.
As you see, if your concern is with developing a theory, you will find yourself using more inductive reasoning. If, however, you are concerned with a topic, as I suspect you are at the doctoral level, you are more likely to start from a theory, develop your hypotheses, and test them. In this case, you are more likely to use deductive reasoning. However, there is no quantification of either. If you try to bring all this to consciousness, you will realize that you are doing both, but with more leaning to the deductive one. Unless this distinction is crucial in your area of investigation, I suggest that you should not worry about that since the direction of your argument will guide you where you should be.
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Department: ICT.
Phase: Research Proposal
I am planning to do a feasibility study for storing Electronic Health Records (EHRs) on a permission-ed (consortium) blockchain.
I would like to prove or disprove that blockchain technologies could be used to address challenges that traditional client-server EHR systems are facing for example data breaches, privacy compromises, health record tampering, interoperability, audibility, and fraud.
I hope the background is sufficient.
Primary Objective :
Devise an architecture/framework/model for the use of blockchain technology to decentralize and secure the sharing of electronic health records.
I am having trouble to understand the diffidence between an architecture, framework, and model.
Then in your option which term would be more suitable to use for my study.
Thank you in advance.
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Many scholars use both terms “conceptual framework” and “model” interchangeably and wrongly. Jabareen (2009), disagrees and thinks that they are different. According to Sir Jabareen, the term conceptual framework is better and correctly used when employing concepts alone, whereas the term model is better used when employing factors or variables. Therefore, a model could be a causal explanation of how variables interact to produce a phenomenon, a relationship equation, a flow diagram, a fishbone diagram etc.
Since your research is on blockchain, and you want to prove or disprove that blockchain technologies could be used to address challenges that traditional client-server EHR systems are facing, therefore you have to design a comprehensive model of the blockchain.
Thus, your research could be tagged; Blockchain model(s) for traditional client-server EHR systems.
Although, some blockchain researchers also use the term “architecture”, but according to Cachin (2016), a blockchain is best understood in the model of state-machine replication.
So the appropriate term to use is “model”
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Goodluck
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I would like to know how should I determine the price of the possible monazite sand? I do have an ICP-Mass test result which indicates elements present (attachment). For a feasibility study I need to determine the price for the raw sand but I do not know any guidelines or references to do so.
Suggestions are more than welcome.
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Prepare a composite sample of the heavy mineral sand, representing overall average composition of a survey part of the sand deposit. Determine both total heavy mineral wt. % and individual heavy mineral wt. %, by sequential processing of the sample comprising dil.. HCl treatment, drying, wt. loss, magnetite separation, weighing, magnetic and heavy liquid like bro mo form separation of different si eve fractions.
Estimate wt. % of different h.m. in each fraction and sum up respective wts. to
get wt. of each important h.m. and total h.m. Get the price of each important h.m. from the current market prices and calculate rough value of the ton n age of each important h.m. and for the total deposit at about 80% recovery.
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I would like to determine the statistical tool advised by High School Research Advisers for Science Investigatory Projects...
Research as follows...
1. Feasibility studies on product outputs..
2. Comparative studies of two or three variables
3. Mixed research
Hope you can help me guys!
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Most high school students I've helped with science fair projects, across the many sciences, have used fairly simple but solid designs.  Most are experiments and usually a comparison of a single experimental group to a control group.  However, the students who are really aiming to compete on the national / international level use more complex designs.  Even so, qualitative variables that require high inference coding are rare.  Most of the stats for most solid high school science fair projects can be done with chi square, t-tests, and correlations.  Studies in the engineering, physics, computer science, and math categories tend to use other methodologies and other kinds of math (given the nature of those fields).  Below are links to resources I created to help science fair students and their teachers, including a one page handout summarizing basic statistics.  Best wishes helping your students, Jayvee. ~ Kevin
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In the RE-FUEL POWER projects, we are considering a number of conventional power cycles, such as supercritical reheated steam cycle, and advanced power cycles, such as supercritical CO2, ethane, helium or HAT cycles. Based on your experience, what other cycles can compete with these in terms of techno-economic performance? 
#powercycle #thermodynamic #economic #feasibility #cleanenergy #refuelpower
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The superiority of any power plant from a techno-economic point of view depends on several economic parameters that vary from a country to another namely: fuel cost, C&M cost, electricity selling price... Then, we can not say that a power plant is better than another absolutely. Each case study has its own results. However, I suggest you to add the combined cycle in the set of your power plants since it has shown interesting results in a large range of economic and thermodynamic parameters.
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I want to do a feasibility study for the production of hydrogen by solar photovoltaic and I want to know:
- how to determine the number of cells
The current of the electrolyser from a field PV.
- electrolyser current from PV (EX: 10 kW of PV equal to how much current electrolyser).
Please, can you help me how can i procede to realize this feasibility study?
Thank you.
Best regards.
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can anyone tell me what is the difference between hotstar master mix and normal master mix? 
I am dealing with FFPE DNA and facing problem ; bands are not coming consistent
should I design my primers in such a way as amplicon size is less than 250bp?
what protocol should I follow for doing PCR as my downstream application is sanger sequencing...
thank you
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thanks a lot Kaleem Iqbal
i did'nt thought in this direction 
it's very very helpful
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How has the factors affected the following phases of PPP framework; PPP Enabling Environment; PPP Project Preparation Process; Bankable Feasibility Study; and Risk Identification and Allocation. 
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The following links might give you good reading PPP framework for assessing infrastructure development:
1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2012.11.001 (a paper published by sciencedirect)
2. https://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/IOBstudy378publicprivatepartnershipsindevelopingcountries.pdf (A systematic literature review on PPP in developing countries by OECD)
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What is appropriate to get a sample size for a feasibility study?
The researcher knows that they will able to recruit from 3 clinics and they want to test how many patients will be willing to fill out the survey. They are thinking that if 80% do that would be an acceptable amount.
Is this enough information to calculate the necessary sample size from each clinic? 
Is this enough to show that a survey is "feasible"?
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OK, I see. Yes I agree with your solution. You can pretty much determine this from a table in a power analysis book.
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in another words,how can i prepare a feasibility study illustrate the input and the output of cellulase production process by submerged fermentation in pilot scale or semi industrial scale using fermenter capacity 50-100 litre?
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Thank you Dr.Nikhil Bhatt for your cooperation. we are use cellulose powder medium for cellulase production in our Lab and this medium has the following composition (g/l) NaCl, 6.0; (NH4)2So4, 1.0; K2HPO4, 1.0; MgSo4, 7H2O, 0.05; CaCl2, 0.1; Urea,4.0; Glucose, 4.0; wheat straw powder, 50.0 and medium pH was adjusted to pH 6.0.
If you need any other information please don't hesitate to contact me
Thank you in advance
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How can I prepare a strategic planning for a project?
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Pl go to the website of Project Management Institute.
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Considering the economic feasibility..
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Dear. Ravikiran
Method in EOR ( Chemical, Miscible and Thermal).
Recovery in individual reservoir can range 5-80% of OOIP.But the recovery efficiency is result from rock and fluid of reservoir.
It is depend of your field or your specific case.
Thanks
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For example, the feasibility of establishing an Islamic bank in the United States, in the UK or any other Muslim minority country in the world.
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Dear Br. Abdul-Hamid,
Prof. Khaliq is right. There are a number of ongoing works on feasibility of Islamic banking in Muslim minority studies. At least, I examined an empirical work recently on Uganda which is a doctoral level research being carried out at IIiBF at IIUM. 
The American Business Law Journal published an article on "ISLAMIC BANKING - THE FEASIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING AN ISLAMIC BANK IN THE UNITED STATES", in 2008. You can find it online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2002.tb00850.x/abstract?userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=
For United Kingdom, see another article on "The feasibility of establishing Islamic banks in the UK: the case of Nottingham"
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i'm gonna have a feasibility study of "automotive technology parks". 
i need some reports/information about automotive new tech in recent years around the world, reports about the installations need for such parks and some samples of these kind of parks. 
thanks
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thanks dear Mr. krahmer 
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I wonder what kind of echo stress contributes most to the diagnosis of myocardial viability, and if the addition of the strain can add value to the method.
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I'm assuming by 'strain' you're referring to 2D or 3D speckle-tracking? I'm not sure Tissue Doppler imaging adds much to the assessment (indeed there is published data to support that the incremental benefit is negligable).
Dipyridamole, as a vasodilator, is more useful for perfusion imaging rather than wall motion assessment and in this context is used with microsphere contrast, which is likely to render your strain software useless... While perfusion imaging has been described as a measure of viability, i am less certain of the proven value of Dipyridamole and wall motion assessment in this context.
On the other hand, Dobutamine is well established for viability assessment and can easily provide a measureable substrate for strain imaging. However, in our lab as with many others, this again is used frequently with contrast to improve endocardial definition which unfortunately renders most strain software uselss...
If it were feasible i can certainly see a value for it in patients with very severe systolic dysfunction where improvement may be quite subtle indeed.
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Three terms used interminably in business need to know the scientific difference ,, 
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Business plan - includes a feasibility study and marketing plan.
Marketing Plan - includes SWOT analysis, competitor analysis and customer analysis and a plan for marketing tools, together with indicators to measure their.
Good day for You
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I have found a few papers which refer to it as such and many which refer to it as a method of analysing data (which it is). I'm currently doing a feasibility study and writing a qualitative research proposal and struggling to identify the methodology. I read recently that framework analysis borrows principles from different epistemological traditions and that it's ontological position adheres most closely to subtle realism. 
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Framework Analysis is, indeed, a method for analysing textual material, and one that allows you to leave an audit trail of how you got to your conclusions from your original material. But its methodological 'roots' will lie in whatever approach you choose for your study overall. So if you were taking a grounded theory approach, for instance, you could still use Framework Analysis, as long as you had done sufficient preliminary thinking about your material before starting to develop the Framework (but that would be true whatever the approach).
The inventors of Framework Analysis saw it as most useful for applied research and analysis of primary data. But I have used it in systematic reviews where I have been elucidating theories of change where, in essence, I was doing secondary analysis of published texts, as well as for primary analysis of in-depth qualitative data, where it can be used to develop theory as well as to test it.
Hope this is of some help.
As an aside, I know I am fighting a losing a battle here, but 'methodology' means the study of methods, while methods are methods! But I know that I am just an old-fashioned thing, swimming against the tide ...
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Are there any good articles on this? I am planning to do study on the feasibility of using a decision aid on SCI pt.
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Whether or not a real thorough feasibility study based on how much capital money invested. The greater the capital should more carefully because of the greater risk factor. In the feasibility study, commonly known as 4 major aspects of the market and marketing, technical, managerial and financial aspects. While additional aspect is the legal aspect and the aspect of environmental impact
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Renewable energy technologies are the solution for the reduction of greenhouse gases generated by the power sector. However, we have to take into account the complete life cycle of these technologies (How much energy is needed to produce them, to transport them, to install them, to maintain them, and to dispose of them). Taking into account all these factors, and the relatively high initial cost, can renewable energy still compete with fossil-fuel sources? Even if we internalize the environmental costs of the latter?
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I fully agree with Miguel. In order to answer to this question with accuracy, a Life Cycle Analysis should be performed for the Renewable Energy Product or Technology. It is then possible to see how much "brown" is in the :green".
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I have been trying to find any difference between feasibility and flexibility when discussed in real time scheduling. Do both of them mean the scheduler can scheduley can set tasks? Can somebody explain?
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Feasibility analysis or schedulability analysis analyses the capacity of a scheduler to accept and handle a taskset without violating a task deadline. The scheduling process itself can be either flexible or inflexible. A flexible schedulers can handle partially known tasks. This means we don't need to have full knowledge about the tasks to be executed. Run-time or dynamic schedulers are generally said flexible, while static schedulers are inflexible. You can refer to this http://www.artist-embedded.org/docs/Events/2005/Barcelona/ARTS2.pdf