Facial Reconstruction - Science topic

Purpose: Damage to the nose can occur as a result of trauma, infection, benign or malignant tumors, burns, blows, cuts, bites, and tearing injuries. There may be simple lacerations or complete avulsion. Any defect may greatly disfigure the nares or the cicatrix may completely stenose the openings. Injuries to adjacent structures may also cause dist...

Background The concept of health-related quality of life (QOL) captures the patient’s perspective on how the illness and its treatment affect their well-being. The FACE-Q Skin Cancer Module represents a validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument, specifically developed for patients undergoing facial skin cancer surgery. Methods Upon autho...

Background Bite injuries affecting the nose are uncommon occurrences characterized by their intricate nature and potential for severe complications. These injuries, inflicted by animals such as dogs and cats, and occasionally by humans, often result in traumatic nasal defects, with the lower third of the nose being the most affected area. Current r...

In 2006 an archaeological excavation on Lazzaretto Nuovo Island (Venice, Italy) uncovered an anomalous grave dated by stratigraphic evidence to the 1576 plague pandemic. The human remains (ID 6) were interred with a brick placed in the mouth, indicative of historical practices against «undead» and vampires. A multidisciplinary study incorporating f...

This paper primarily investigates the issue of identity inconsistency resulting from facial inpainting. In the current facial image inpainting process, most low-frequency information is learned directly from the uncovered areas, while high-frequency information, including texture details, is generated from the dataset. The averageness of low-freque...

Suturing has been a pillar of plastic surgery since its very foundation. From ancient civilizations to modern practices, hair sutures have resurfaced as vital material for wound closure and tissue approximation. This study aimed to explore the historical evolution and application of hair sutures, particularly in facial reconstruction, skin flaps an...

O Leucocyte and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) é uma biomembrana autóloga obtida a partir do sangue do paciente, amplamente utilizada em cirurgias regenerativas por suas propriedades cicatrizantes e osteoindutoras. Nos casos de trauma zigomático tem mostrado potencial significativo na regeneração óssea, pode acelerar o processo de cicatrização óssea...

Background: Facial anthropometry provides useful information on different facial features as well as population-specific variations that are crucial in forensic science and facial surgeries. The major aim of this research was to determine normal facial and orbital parameters in adult Igbos living in Enugu, Nigeria and to investigate the correlation...

Introduction. The superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap has gained attention for its benefits, including a hidden donor site and a thin skin island, suitable for specific facial areas. This review analyzes the SCIP flap’s use in facial reconstruction and evaluates its advantages and limitations. Materials and methods. This revi...

Evidence of late Pleistocene human and fauna remains has been documented within the extensive cave systems of the Tulum region in northeast Yucatán, Mexico. This unique area is vital for paleontological and paleoanthropological research, providing insights into early human adaptation in the Americas. To date, 10 human fossils have been thoroughly s...

Audio‐driven talking face generation is essentially a cross‐modal mapping from audio to video frames. The main challenge lies in the intricate one‐to‐many mapping, which affects lip sync accuracy. And the loss of facial details during image reconstruction often results in visual artifacts in the generated video. To overcome these challenges, this p...

Introduction Due to the complex anatomy of craniomaxillofacial structures, facial reconstruction following high-impact traumas is extremely challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of biomodels in the surgical planning of complex fractures and the sequelae in the oromaxillofacial region. Materials and Methods This is a cross-se...

By integrating Mohs surgery, multiple flap techniques, and careful tension management, effective closure was achieved with excellent oncologic and aesthetic outcomes. This case underscores the importance of tailored surgical approaches in facial reconstructive surgery, particularly in elderly patients with significant aesthetic and functional consi...

Nel 2012, l'allora Museo di Antropologia dell'Università di Padova iniziava un progetto di open research con Arc-Team s.r.l., ditta privata specializzata in servizi per l'archeologia e per i beni culturali. Il progetto consisteva essenzialmente nella ricostruzione craniofacciale del famoso fossile di Australopithecus africanus noto con il nome di "...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cutaneous non-melanoma cancer in Mexico, accounting for 20% of all skin cancers. It is considered a global public health concern due to the rising incidence and prevalence, which is associated with an aging population. Treatment for cSCC depends on the severity of the disease, which...

As queimaduras faciais representam um desafio significativo na medicina, pois não afetam apenas a função, mas também a estética e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nos últimos anos, as técnicas de microcirurgia têm avançado consideravelmente, proporcionando melhores resultados na reconstrução facial de pacientes queimados. Este artigo revisa esses...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology that allows computers to replicate human behaviour and outperform human decision-making in solving complex tasks, either independently or with minimal human involvement. AI technologies, including machine learning and deep neural networks, significantly enhance the accuracy and efficiency of analyzing de...

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) involve the usage of complex algorithms to identify patterns, predict future outcomes, generate new data, and perform other tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI tools have been progressively adopted by multiple disciplines of surgery, enabling increasingly patient-specific care,...

A traditional mug shot is a front and side view of a person from the shoulder up, taken by law enforcement. Forensic science is exploring the benefit of working with 3D data offered by new technologies, and there is an increasing need to work with 3D mug shots. Among the various available techniques, a multi-view photogrammetric approach achieves t...

Adipose tissue: A treasure trove of stem cells for regenerative medicine Adipose tissue, commonly known as fat, has long been considered a mere energy reservoir. However, recent discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of this tissue, placing it at the heart of advances in stem cells and regenerative medicine. To shed light on these questi...

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction has emerged as a prominent area of research, attracting significant attention from academia and industry alike. Among the various applications of 3D reconstruction, facial reconstruction poses some of the most formidable challenges. Additionally, each individuals facial structure is unique, requiring algorithms...

Facial reconstruction is challenging for plastic surgeons, as it can be difficult to decide the best approach. One technique that has been widely used is the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap due to its numerous benefits. However, its thickness can be a drawback, especially regarding facial reconstruction. The thinning technique is not a new novel, bu...

Traditionally, burn reconstructions have been performed by the use of skin grafting or local flaps. Recently free flaps are being used with increasing frequency. Although not very common in the head neck region, free flaps are mostly used for secondary reconstructions of cervicofacial contractures. We report the role of free flaps in postburn facia...

A 60-year-old Thai male sustained severe and complex maxillofacial injuries, along with superficial neck and abdominal injuries, from being mauled by a black bear in Thailand. The accident caused massive injury to the face, including the right eye and periorbital soft tissue, right cheek, total nose, total upper lip, partial lower lip, and underlyi...

Forensic sciences play a vital role in the criminal justice system by applying scientific methods, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has further enhanced these capabilities. Since the introduction of the term "Artificial Intelligence" by John McCarthy in 1956, AI has expanded into various fields, including forensic science, where...

The reconstruction of complex facial trauma poses a significant challenge for plastic surgeons, as it requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Moreover, it represents a substantial burden on public health. In severe facial trauma, initial management to rule out life-threatening conditions through Adva...

Human identification has always remained as a main task of forensic anthropology and forensic science for various purposes. The purpose of human identification may vary from legal identity to disaster victim identification, from criminal identity to unidentified deceased identification. The condition, such as putrefaction, charring and mutilation o...

Background Techniques for identifying facial features and proving the individuality of a person’s facial features are used in forensic anthropology. Aims and Objectives A common method in this area is cranial anthropometry, which has uses in facial reconstruction, locating unidentified remains, and identifying criminal suspects. Materials and Met...

With the improvement of artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques, especially deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN), there has been a significant development in personal identity and generating images through facial reconstruction systems. This study focuses on proposing a model of personal image reconstruction from f...

Background/Objectives: Nasal morphology is a significant aspect of facial anatomy and is often used for forensic identification and aesthetic surgery. This study aims to compare nasal dimensions based on sex, facial index (FI), and nasal index (NI) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D modeling. Methods: To observe differences in nasal...

Facial expression analysis is a critical component in numerous applications, ranging from human- computer interaction to digital character animation. Despite the availability of extensive datasets, most focus predominantly on basic emotions, limiting the expressiveness and applicability of models trained on them. This article introduces a novel app...

Introduction Classic heat stroke is a severe trauma which can lead to multi-organ dysfunctions and is associated with a high mortality. Case presentation In this case report we present a 73-year-old patient with a classic heat stroke. His initial core body temperature was over 42 °C and he had a GCS of 3. Due to severe burn injuries the patient wa...

Background and Objectives: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common skin cancer. There are many methods for the reconstruction of facial subunit defects after skin cancer excision. The face is vital to a person’s life and should be reconstructed considering functional and aesthetic aspects. Despite a variety of flap types and tec...

Introduction and importance Zygomaticomaxillary (ZMC) fractures are common, often resulting from traffic accidents, and account for 17 % of facial fractures. These fractures can lead to issues such as enophthalmos, flattened cheeks, diplopia, maxillary hypoesthesia. If the reduction is inadequate to restore facial structure, long term-functional an...

Purpose This study aimed to examine and analyze the presence of sexual dimorphism and symmetry/asymmetry in fixed cadaveric heads and their contributions to clinical practice. Methods Measurements were conducted on 6 cadavers and 24 fixed cadaveric heads (n = 30) using a digital microcaliper to assess cranial dimensions, including surgical landmar...

This paper presents a production-oriented 4D facial reconstruction pipeline designed to produce high-fidelity facial mesh sequences with a consistently structured topology, while preserving the wireframe structure specified by artists. We have designed and developed a compact, efficient, and fast optical capture system based on synchronized camera...

Despite the promising progress of face image super-resolution, video face super-resolution remains relatively under-explored. Existing approaches either adapt general video super-resolution networks to face datasets or apply established face image super-resolution models independently on individual video frames. These paradigms encounter challenges...

Tessier number 10 cleft is one of the rarest facial clefts. Surgical treatment of this type of cleft is challenging due to the complexity of periorbital and temporal soft tissue deformities. A 23-year-old male patient presented with typical facial deformities of Tessier number 10 cleft. The surgical procedure involved using a free anterolateral thi...

Introduction: Facial gunshot wounds have devastating functional and aesthetic consequences for the patient. If associated with penetrating craniocerebral injuries, the prognosis is rather compromised even with appropriate medical and surgical treatment. Chop-off injuries with penetrating wounds constitute a challenging situation for the facial reco...

Background Despite the advancement of reconstructive surgical techniques, facial defect reconstruction has been always very challenging, aesthetic satisfaction has often been difficult to achieve due to the unique characteristics and complexity of the facial tissue. There have been various options regarding reconstruction and compensation of soft t...

The aim of the study was a paleoradiological analysis of one of the few completely preserved pre-Columbian child mummies from the Barranca Valley region. The goal also included an attempt to reconstruction of the antemortem appearance of the face. The mummy comes from the pre-Columbian cemetery of Cerro la Horca, located in the Fortaleza River Vall...

El trauma facial se encuentra relacionado a diferentes defectos de gran significado en la vida de las personas, tanto estéticos como por su funcionalidad. La reconstrucción de estos defectos es sumamente compleja y debe ser abordada por un equipo multidisciplinario. Dentro de las técnicas quirúrgicas para su abordaje se encuentran los colgajos y lo...

Background The search for an ideal bone substitute in reconstructive surgery has led to the exploration of various materials, with hydroxyapatite (HaP) emerging as a promising candidate due to its biocompatibility, osteoconductive properties, and structural similarity to human bone. Despite its potential, there is a paucity of data on the long-term...

Compressed Sensing (CS) facilitates rapid image acquisition by selecting a small subset of measurements sufficient for high-fidelity reconstruction. Adaptive CS seeks to further enhance this process by dynamically choosing future measurements based on information gleaned from data that is already acquired. However, many existing frameworks are ofte...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Understanding skeletal patterns is essential for choosing a proper treatment mechanics as well as understanding different populations all over the world. This radiological imaging study was carried out to evaluate, classify and document sex and age differences in terms of alveolar index in South-south geopolitical zone of Nigeri...

Introducción: Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare disorder affecting females1. Caused by absence or structural defects in one of the X-chromosomes, TS presents with high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite physical, endocrine and cognitive alterations, TS is under investigated, leading to late diagnosis and poor healthcare2. Metodología: To a...

I recently heard about the publication entitled “Reassessing the Facial Reconstruction of Amenhotep III: An Analysis of Methodological and Anthropological Flaws”, written by Andrew A. King. I have just read the material and I will objectively make some impressions.

The article presents a case of facial reconstruction with several facial axial flaps for a posttraumatic defect of the left upper lip, medial cheek region and left nasal wing. The case refers to a 58-year-old patient who is hospitalized for a facial trauma which involves only the soft tissues, resulting from a car accident.The immediate reconstruct...

Personalized 3D human avatars have aroused a great deal of interest because it is attractive to most people, particularly generation Z, to have the digital twins in their own appearance to live, work, interact, and shop in the metaverse. Nevertheless, personalized avatars are rarely used in practice because of the computational cost and hardware re...

Introduction: Facial contour deformity is a very challenging problem for aesthetic and reconstructive surgeons. Assessment of facial deformities is important for developing a subsequent reconstruction plan. Various techniques have been described for the repair of tumor-related defects of facial soft tissues. This study aimed to describe methods of...

Face recognition technology has undergone transformative changes with the advent of deep learning techniques. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of the development and current state of face recognition techniques influenced by deep learning. We begin by discussing the fundamental deep learning models that have dramatically enhan...

The study aimed to assess and compare the presence of golden proportions among three ethnic groups of Indian females: North Indian, North East Indian, and South Indian. Understanding ethnic variations in facial measurements and assessments related to golden proportions has implications for aesthetic treatments and facial reconstruction procedures....

Simple Summary This study introduces a groundbreaking method known as the true free-style capillary perforator flap, revolutionizing the approach to reconstructing facial skin defects, such as skin cancer. By meticulously employing a flap design technique that integrates principles such as finger-pinching and alignment with wrinkle directions, the...

In this paper, a method based on transfer learning is proposed to recover the three-dimensional shape of cultural relics faces from a single old photo. It can simultaneously reconstruct the three-dimensional facial structure and align the texture of the cultural relics with fewer training samples. The UV position map is used to represent the three-...

Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare neurocutaneous and craniofacial disorder characterized by progressive hemifacial wasting and atrophy that predominantly affects children and young adults, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 700,000 individuals. Despite its rarity, PRS poses significant challenges for patients, their families, and healthcare...

Three-dimensional (3D) anatomical extraction techniques could help the forensic anthropologist in a precise and inclusive assessment of biological phenotypes for the development of facial reconstruction methods. In this research, the nose morphology and the underlying hard tissue of two South African populations were studied. To this end, a 3D comp...

This case report aims to present the successful reconstruction of a nasal defect in a 56-year-old male patient who suffered a partial nasal amputation due to a domestic accident involving a grinding wheel. The reconstruction was carried out using a paramedian frontal flap in a two-stage surgical process. Initially, the flap was designed and customi...

Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures typically result from traumatic injuries, such as motor vehicle-related incidents, assaults, falls, and sports-related injuries. These fractures characteristically occur along suture lines where the zygomatic bone borders the frontal bone, maxilla, temporal bone, and sphenoid bone, resulting in a “tetrapo...

Background: In otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, oxygen is a therapeutic tool used for various pathologies. Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of free radicals (ROS) and the antioxidant capacity of the body, which can represent the pathogenesis of several pathologies or contribute to their worsening. This narrativ...

The Complete Royal Mummies of Ancient Egypt: Part 2: Post-antiquity Royals, Craniometric Data, Additional Plates. Identifications of Ancient Egyptian Royal Mummies and burials from the Old Kingdom to Modern Age re-assessed. Bioarchaeological investigations of Ancient Egyptian Mummies: Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of the royal mummies o...

Background The rising incidence of dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has underscored the need for collaboration between plastic surgeons and nephrologists, particularly concerning preoperative and postoperative management for facial reconstruction. This collaboration is essential due to a scarcity of comprehensive information in thi...

Background: The facial artery is an important blood vessel responsible for supplying the anterior face. Understanding the branching patterns of the facial artery plays a crucial role in various medical specialties such as plastic surgery, dermatology, and oncology. This knowledge contributes to improving the success rate of facial reconstruction a...

Successful facial reconstruction requires accurate restoration of the concealed three-dimensional facial skeleton. The key rationale for intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) is that it facilitates the most comprehensive assessment of fracture reduction. Real-time visual feedback is now considered an essential component in hand, spine and genera...

Noma (also known as cancrum oris, orofacial gangrene of childhood) is a synergistic infection of the oral cavity that causes mutilating necrosis of the orofacial soft tissues and bones. Classical noma, noma-like disease and noma neonatorum are the three clinical variants. Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus and Pseu...

O objetivo deste artigo é revisar criticamente a literatura atual sobre da reconstrução facial pós-trauma e suas implicâncias psicossociais. Realizou-se uma extensa revisão da literatura para identificar estudos relevantes acerca da proposta do presente estudo. Bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, foram consultadas pa...

The present study aimed to provide up-to-date information on normal sex-related dimensions of the orbital region in young Bulgarian adults, using a 3D laser scanner. The three-dimensional coordinates of several soft-tissue landmarks on the orbits and face were obtained using a hand-held laser scanner (FastSCAN Cobra, Polhemus Inc, Colchester VT) in...

Orthognathic Surgery: Principles and Practice" is an authoritative and comprehensive guide dedicated to the complex field of orthognathic surgery. This book stands as a cornerstone for maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and the entire surgical team involved in the planning and execution of orthognathic procedures. It delves deep into the surgic...