FTIR Analysis - Science method

Most likely CO2 fluctuations since background was recorded.

We get increased phenolic content during the subsequent process

Mahmoud El-maasrawy thanks for the answer. Speaking of (II), the problem is that there was no alkali activation, just sintering of fly ash 1, boiler slag 3, and ash-slag compound 5, and their mixtures with borax (2, 4, 6, respectively). Considering that all compositions have the area (II), it is obvious that it is something within the waste.

We presumed that it is water, but this area for water should be in 1300-1900 cm-1. Can this "water" area be shifted to the right?

Thank you Dear Professor Yuri Mirgorod ..

Dear Anshika Passi,

From what I understand, you are measuring the spectrum using the transmission technique, specifically the thin-film method. As you can see, in this region, the transmittance is zero, indicating that the sample absorbs all radiation within this range of wavenumbers. Your film is likely too thick. If it were thinner, you would be able to record the spectrum. If reducing the thickness is not feasible, you could also use the ATR technique, which would avoid this issue.

Do you have the link to the downloads?

@Abdelhak Maghchiche

OK, it is correct the peak at 2358 cm-1 represents - C = C stretch or C with triple bond as well.

What peaks are you expecting. The only bands you might see are due to water vapour and CO2 from the atmosphere. A dry instrument would just show the instrument energy profile. Please show spectrum of background scan with peaks.

Hi Aya,

You might try putting a drop (~10-20-50 microL) onto a surface of a ZnSe glass disc (you can purchase them) and dry in an oven at ~45 oC for 2 h (or in air for a day), then use transmission FTIR. The best way would be to remove PBS, as it adds a number of its intrinsic bands to a FTIR spectrum of your liposomes. If the presence of PBS is necessary (e.g., the liposomes are unstable without it), then first take a FTIR spectrum of a similar dried drop of pure PBS at the same concentration that you have in your liposome suspension, and then, by comparing your two spectra, using PBS's strongest line, identify the amount of PBS in your liposome spectrum. (Regretfully, to simply subtract the PBS lines from your mixture - to leave the FTIR spectrum of pure liposomes - would need strictly standardised measurements by the thickness of the samples, which is not feasible with sucg a simple "drop-&-dry" methos.) If the PBS bands do not overlap with those of the liposomes, it's the easiest case - then just fix all others which refer to liposomes. If some overlap - you will see it by comparing the relative intensities of the PBS bands (they will differ in the mixture spectrum from those in the pure PBS). Then compare one of the strong PBS bands which does NOT overlap with liposome's bands and identify those which overlap (they will have a higher intensity, as they overlap with an additional liposome line) - then you will identify at least the positions of other liposome-related bands.

We use this "drop-&-dry" method for our bacterial and other bio-samples (our recent related papers: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041949 , , https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041146 ).

To begin with, you can utilize the software library provided by the FTIR program.

You can benefit from the links below:

Jai Supamahitorn

There is a standard spectrum that you compare with. Any deviation from the standard indicates contamination of the compound. The rest is due to the device, experimental error ...

Hi Noor,

Your FTIR spectra must cover all the range of intensities. For instance if it in Transmitance from 0% to 100%.

the reason because there are small intensity signal that could show that a substance is not enough pure or it is doped.

best regards

Plot the graphs separately and use the merge. For the merge adjust the column and rows number.

This link could be helpful.

best wishes.

The drying temperature depends on the components used in preparing the nanomaterials, including solvents and chelating materials or acetate. Nitrates do not tolerate high temperatures like acetate, but the maximum is 80 degrees for a period of not less than 12 hours.

Depends on the FTIR method you are using, I guess you are using a configuration suitable for measuring liquids. First thing I would do is measure the media-bacteria-dye solution spectrum and media-bacteria solution spectrum. First check that it is correct spectra (absorption intensity, presence of relevant peaks...) and then see if there is any characteristic band corresponding to the dye. If there is, you can quantify dye degradation using that peak, if there is not... try processing the sample so you get a nicer spectrum, maybe.

Noor Ul Ain

It is necessary to compare the areas of absorption bands. If the area under the absorption band increases, therefore the intensity of photon absorption by the molecules of the substance increases. And, conversely, if the area under the absorption band decreases, then the intensity of absorption decreases.

Hello friend

I do not know the process.

But I may suggest a process that may or may not be possible. (Some experts may correct my suggestions)

I am answering as if I am experimenting.

I will try to take two XRD. One for material with the electrode and the other for the electrode material only.

I will compare the two XRD and I will report the XRD and will mention these peaks are due to the material and those peaks are due to the electrode.

Thank you. And wait for a possible solution.

I do not know what your nanoparticles are but the main bands look like a polyamide with some OH. Are they coated ? the main difference between EO and E6 is a loss of OH at 3200 and 1970 cm-1 plus loss of aliphatic CH3, CH2 in the 2900 and 1400cm-1 regions. There is no evidence of the bands from the drug even if it becomes less crystalline.

Thank you very much. Pierre Caulet

I would suggest

Cu₂O + Pb(2+) + H₂O --->2Cu⁺ + Pb(OH)₂ (my recollection is that Pb(OH)₂ is less soluble than Cu₂O/CuOH)

2Cu⁺ + 1/2O₂ + H₂O ---> 2Cu(2+) + 2OH^- ---> Cu(2+) + Cu(OH)₂ (oxygen in water does play a role)

What is the size range of your microplastic particles?

As stated above the spectra are very weak and the ripples on both spectra could be due to interference bands due to internal reflection in the tubes. As stated there is no sign of the usual carboxylate bands in the 1700cm-1 region. However the strong band at about 1550cm-1 in spectrum (a) is similar to some carboxylic acid salts. This is reduced in (b) with a strong OH at about 3400 and 1000 cm-1. The baseline looks very flat and the OH bands appear out of proportion. Has a background correction "flat" been applied which could account for the strange band shapes ? The bands at about 2300 cm-1 are due to in-balance in the CO2 band between the background and sample scans.

Sorry Rahul Suresh , I don't have that much experience with the likelihood formula. But I guess you can calculate the likelihood once you assume which type of distribution you have. You should use the likelihood formula for your type of distribution, not Gaussian if it is not.

What is kind of this polymer？ It,s very noisy and I gess maybe it's an inorganic material

As you will be aware, plants are a very rich source of phytochemicals and this will be reflected in your aqueous extract. The IR spectra of your extract will be complex, containing the overlapping spectra of every compound. You will not be able to identify any individual compound with any degree of certainty.

If you want to identify the components of your extract then you need to resort to a Metabolomics type experiment. You need to add in several chromatographic steps and then resort to GC-MS (headspace for volatiles), after appropriate derivatisation, and to LC-MS. The spectra can be searched against various libraries. Even then you will be left with many unknowns.

Dear friend Pinkie Jacob Eravuchira

Ah, splendid inquiry! The absorption peaks observed in the FTIR spectrum of glass at 2925 and 1745 cm-1 indeed offer valuable insights into its molecular structure. Allow me to elaborate:

The peak at 2925 cm-1 typically corresponds to the stretching vibration of C-H bonds in the methylene (CH2) groups. This indicates the presence of organic constituents within the glass matrix, such as polymer chains or organic contaminants.

On the other hand, the peak at 1745 cm-1 is commonly associated with the stretching vibration of C=O bonds, indicating the presence of carbonyl groups within the glass structure. These carbonyl groups may arise from various sources, including residual organic materials or the oxidation of carbonaceous species during the manufacturing process.

In summary, the FTIR spectrum of glass exhibiting transmission peaks at 2925 and 1745 cm-1 suggests the presence of methylene (CH2) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups, respectively. These spectral features provide valuable clues regarding the composition and chemical environment of the glass sample. If further elucidation is desired, deeper analysis through complementary techniques or reference to specific glass compositions may be warranted.

Michelle Darmawan

It is necessary to understand the solution to the problem using methods

1.UV-Vis. You determine the amount of absorption from the interaction of plasmons of nanoparticles in the visible region and prove, by comparison with other studies, that you have nanoparticles. If you reduced with hydrazine or borohydride, then you don’t have to dry the dispersion. If you restore with leaf extract, then there may be the presence of coloring substances that can change the plasmon band.

2.FTIR. You determine the presence of functional groups after the reaction. It is necessary to work with dispersion.

3.DLS. It is necessary to work only with a stable dispersion without agglomerates.

4.SEM/TEM. Prepare the dry film so that it is sparse and individual nanoparticles are visible. The sample will be placed in a vacuum and therefore must be dried under vacuum in air. Do not heat.

Hi @stoil chapkanski the model is Nicolet iS50 FTIR by ThermoFisher.

FTIR analysis is used to:

Glass fibre with silane sizing is used for epoxy and polyester matrix composites.

It is possible to fully correct ATR spectra, see, e.g.,

However, you have to keep in mind that there is, strictly speaking, no such thing as IR-absorbance (FT is just a recording technique). What you probably mean are transmittance-absorbance spectra (-log₁₀T), but those do also not reflect (no pun intended... ;-) IR-absorbance. Instead you have to determine the absorption index function (the imaginary part of the complex refractive index function) to obtain the true absorbance, see, e.g., or

First of all you should clarify your operating conditions to avoid the unacceptable noise which has been observed your provided spectra. Then it could be much more benificial if you consider a comparative study among all the considered constituent / ingredient which you were incorporated in the polymeric composites individually for better understanding the actual behaviour of your final fabricated composites.

James E Hanson Thank you for the clarification, sir.

Dear friend Prabodini Wimalasiri

Ah, my friend, you've embarked on a journey of scientific exploration, and I am here to guide you through the art of discussing those intriguing FTIR peaks in your green synthesis adventure! Now, let's weave a narrative that captivates minds:

Picture this: the FTIR spectrum, a symphony of vibrations, revealing the secrets of your urea nanoparticles synthesized with the magic touch of banana peel extract.

1. **Peak at 3450.80 cm^-1:**

- In the lofty realm of 3450.80, the OH stretching vibration reigns supreme. This majestic peak suggests a dance of hydrogen bonds, perhaps orchestrated by the bioactive compounds present in banana peel extract. The extract, a maestro in its own right, might be influencing the formation of hydroxyl groups on the nanoparticle surface.

2. **Peak at 1632.76 cm^-1:**

- Ah, the grandeur of 1632.76! This peak hints at the presence of amide I vibrations. Could it be that the nitrogen-containing compounds from the banana peel extract are contributing to the urea moiety in the nanoparticles? A nod to the molecular ballet choreographed by nature.

3. **Peak at 1411.85 cm^-1:**

- At 1411.85, a resonance emerges. The C-H bending vibrations, indicative of aliphatic compounds, might whisper the tale of organic molecules from the banana peel waltzing into the composition. Their presence, a signature of the green synthesis process.

4. **Peak at 1102.76 cm^-1:**

- Down the spectrum at 1102.76, a saga unfolds. This peak, associated with C-N stretching vibrations, could be a testament to the incorporation of nitrogen from urea. Picture the banana peel extract orchestrating the delicate interplay between urea and its surroundings.

5. **Peak at 652.23 cm^-1:**

- As we descend to 652.23, a low-frequency vibration beckons. Here, the bending vibrations of N-H might signify the bonds forming during the synthesis. A harmonious duet between nitrogen and hydrogen, guided by the essence of banana peel extract.

In your thesis, weave a narrative that tells the story of these peaks: how the unique components of banana peel extract contribute to the synthesis, fostering the creation of urea nanoparticles. Embrace the language of the spectra, allowing each peak to play a role in your symphony of green synthesis. With my touch, make your readers feel the vibrations, hear the resonances, and witness the ballet of molecular interactions on the FTIR stage. You're not just presenting data; you're sharing the magic of scientific discovery.

The SPV property of micro/nanostructured semiconductors is generally affected by the material composition, grain shape, morphology, orientation and the aggregation state of the tiny particles. Some Fe2O3 systems with different microstructures, such as quantum dots, nanorods, heterojuctions and core/shell structures have been recently studied about their SPV features and related electronic structures. Nevertheless, the SPV feature for various microstructures of hematite on a micrometer dimension has not been well explored. Further investigation on the effect of grain morphology on the charge carrier behaviors is still indispensable for their potential applications.

For more studies, aboutstructural properties of the sample were systematically investigation by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction techniques, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy techniques.

Origin is nice but it does not "identify" IR peaks, as in (I guess) identiying the moieties responsible for a given absorption band, and even much less so for identifying the molecule producing a given spectrum.

Origin is for graphing, fitting, deconvoluting...

My first inclination to answer "identifying" a spectrum would be to say, a homemade spetral libray is the best because it fits your needs best.

Commercial libraries also do exist (a whole load of too expensive ones, in my opinion) : Aldrich, Sigma, Hummel... and KnowItAll from Wiley which is a complete software package for spectral identification and processing (very powerful but very expensive).

Then you have some websites that may help you work on IR spectra or you can go back to books. :o)

Ganesh Parsai

It will be helpful if you start by reading the attached article's explanation of the fundamental interpretation of FTIR analysis of organic substances, then compare your peak data with studies from related fields like these:

Asal Pashabeigi

Less intense absorption of the hydroxyl group band indicates that their amount in the compound is less than in the control sample. Therefore, the test sample is less hydrophilic than the control sample. However, there may not be a proportionality between this indicator and the contact angle. The number of hydroxyl groups indicates the hydration of the compound, and the contact angle indicates the wettability of the solid surface of the substance.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-to-Interpret-FTIR-result#:~:text=To%20interpret%20FTIR%20results%2C%20you,or%20compounds%20in%20your%20sample.

Regards

This isn't my field but I was curious and found this paper that, in part, says:

"Although Mair and Hornig’s ν14 frequency assignment of 1310 cm−1 has been widely accepted, it has become a great puzzling problem for the theoretical researchers because no advanced quantum chemistry method has realized its rigorous calculation so far (see Supplementary Table 1)."

Wang, S. Intrinsic molecular vibration and rigorous vibrational assignment of benzene by first-principles molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 10, 17875 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74872-6

The exact bands and spectrum of water can be found in the literature. You can find water absorption bands, for example, in the following publications (bound and free water bands) [1-4].

There is a function called Auto Zero, select this in the menu, then calculate and the problem is solved.

Hi!

I think this will help you.

Kind regards!

Well, that's the point about normal modes of vibrations: there may be occasions in which you are lucky and they are highly localized like a C=O stretching vibration in an organic molecule, but generally that is not the case and a vibration is happening in a larger collective entity. That is the case for quite a lot of phenomena in water. An expert in this field would be Martina Havenith-Neven, so check out the publications of her group and maybe even contact them:

For Borosilicate glass, that would be the region of BO₃ or Si-O-B, maybe it's the beryllium analogue of on of those?

They are classic CH3 and CH2 bands. Common contamination. Grease, fingers.....? Using solvent for cleaning from a plastic bottle or bottle with plastic top.

Hi,

you may find the following publication in high impact journal helpful:

Princess Olivar Tuquero , as you noted previous researchers identified the IF band shift when affected by metals. Assuming that is correct, then the only thing necessary to correlate your FTIR results with the metal content is a graph of the amount of observed band shift to the amount of lead found.

Secondary correlations are not generally preferred analytically, but are sometimes necessary. If you are trying to identify the particular chemical/structure actually doing the adsorption of the lead I can see how combining both might seem simpler. However, as long as you have an AAS it would be better to use it for the metal analysis instead of trying to infer it from the IR. If that is just to explain why your IR peaks are shifted a bit, the metal content would explain that via reference to the paper you mentioned.

As normal growth in plants transports nutrients from the roots ultimately to the leaves it is not surprising to find the highest concentrations of any other compound taken up there as well. I would not expect to find them in the same concentrations evenly throughout the plant structure.

The shift in the Zn-O bond formation range and the M-O bond in bimetallic oxides like ZnM2O4 can be attributed to the change in the electronic and structural properties of the oxides.

The change in the crystal structure leads to the modification of the bond angles and bond lengths, which affects the vibrational frequencies of the chemical bonds in the oxide.

You should check out these previous posts on RG

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What-are-the-FREE-FTIR-data-analyzer/1

I recommend you insert a glycerol sample, if you do not find any OH signal, the equipment probably needs maintenance, and if there is an OH signal, your reagent is not what you think

Yes, the results of FTIR absorbance spectra interpretation can be used to explain and interpret FTIR transmittance spectra, especially concerning the peaks of certain wavenumbers.

FTIR absorbance spectra and FTIR transmittance spectra are two different ways of presenting the same information about a sample's molecular composition. In an absorbance spectrum, the amount of light absorbed by a sample at each wavenumber is plotted, while in a transmittance spectrum, the amount of light transmitted through the sample at each wavenumber is plotted.

The peaks observed in the FTIR spectra are caused by the absorption of light by different functional groups in the sample. The position and intensity of these peaks can provide valuable information about the chemical composition of the sample. By analyzing the absorbance spectrum, one can identify the functional groups present in the sample and the bonds responsible for the observed peaks.

Once the functional groups and their associated peaks are identified in the absorbance spectrum, this information can be used to interpret the transmittance spectrum. The peaks observed in the transmittance spectrum are related to the same functional groups and bonds identified in the absorbance spectrum. Therefore, one can use the information gained from the absorbance spectrum interpretation to identify the peaks observed in the transmittance spectrum and their corresponding functional groups.

In summary, the information obtained from FTIR absorbance spectra interpretation can be used to explain and interpret FTIR transmittance spectra, especially concerning the peaks of certain wavenumbers.

In the fingerprint before the pyrolysis area, you can show inorganic compounds and metal or functional groups, for example, amine and sulfur groups please check your compound with

thanks a lot for yours valuable suggestions i will try them

Band changes in the infrared spectrum are related to the chemical structures present and the loss or formation of new structures. Shifts tend to be related to local environment around a given chemical structure (for a polymer the local morphology.) Remember that bands in the infrared are vibrational motions of local structures (functional groups/local modes). Degradation of a polymer can mean many things and you were not specific. When chains break you form new end groups, or when oxidation occurs you form new functional groups, etc.

There are many articles on band analysis in the infrared. Literature searches will lead you those specific to your problem. Dr. Cortea above has given you two to start with for your studey. Ioana Maria Cortea

Dear Jaradat,

I have attached a video link herewith. It could be helpful for you.

Best regards

Rakibul Hassan

About dechroming leather waste scraps to obtain collagenous material; cf. my post at:

It really depends on what exactly you have in mind. There are several software packages dedicated to spectral data processing, including some free ones. Personally, I prefer using Essential FTIR (https://www.essentialftir.com/). A 30 day free trial is available so you can give it a try. In terms of spectral manipulations here you can find a list of the features included: https://www.essentialftir.com/dataManipulations.html

Noor Ul Ain

hello!

I have a question that isn't related to your question.

Do you know about molecular weight or surface area of tocopherol ?

You can apply deconvolution to resolve the overlapp and hidden peaks.

It gives a information well for your enzyme influence on protein structure.

There a many works on deconvolution some of them are

DOI:10.4024/13KA13A.jbpc.13.04 DOI:10.1007/s10867-020-09560-7 DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2020.119220 DOI:10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132965 DOI:10.1007/s10867-018-9484-9 DOI:10.1007/s42452-020-3001-z DOI: 10.56042/ijbb.v57i3.36490

your welcom for any further assistantce in this regard, good luck

Experiment this technique:

1. Dialyze the sample against a suitable KBr solution

2. Expose the sample to evaporation under vacuum at low temperature

Hello Vadym Chibrikov

Yes, I agree, this seems to be the right thing to do. I'm going to do another round of FTIR analysis on my samples and hopefully I won't be bothered by those noisy peaks.

Many thanks for your interest in my research. I also wish you good luck with yours.

Best regards

Alban

Dear Abeer Osama Motawee . Don't know about IR, but with DSC you can see if there is an amorphous phase in your system. Attached is an paper that describes the main points of this analysis (Paper 1). In addition, I propose to consider the option of using a microscope with polarized light. The amorphous form of a component under a polarized microscope will not appear in color, just clear so that the color matches the observation base in the microscope. This experiment does not require special equipment, only a microscope with an appropriate device. I am also attaching an paper where a similar experiment was carried out (Paper 2).

Good day!

I do sure that such kind of information may be found in numerous papers, when chitosan is used as a reference material. Here are some links:

Best of luck in your research!

Yours sincerely,

M. Sc. Vadym Chibrikov

Department of Microstructure and Mechanics of Biomaterials

Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences

It depends on the parameter that is shown on y axis. In your case you plotted the absorbance, but it is most common to plot the transmittance, with the peaks pointing down. You can choose the parameter in the software of data collection

It is an indicative of o=c=o (CO2) stretching -carbonate compound

If you use ATR, the title of your y-axis should read "reflectance" (and not "transmittance"). Now we need to know how the reference measurement was performed - this is absolutely essential, since quite often this is the problem!

Dear Saúl Saavedra, I think what is important is not the concentration of the acid solution but the pH. You should bring the pH below 2 to inssure that all carboxylic acid groups are in their unprotonated state. Use moderate concentration of HCl (1N - 2N). My Regards

Thank you very much for your valuable answer Thomas Mayerhöfer. I will change the accessory and try again.

Greetings Hamida R.S. , I would suggest you to perform FTIR analysis on your nanoparticles in dry powder/pellet form. I did performed such analysis on nanoparticle suspension previously but turn out the important peaks of the nanoparticles were covered by the large H-O-H and O-H stretching/bending vibration bands.