Explosives - Science topic

Polymeric hydrogels, known for their excellent mechanical properties and pre-cross-linking flowability, provide a promising solution for recycling waste propellants, ensuring safety and maintaining explosive performance. This study developed a double cross-linked network energetic hydrogel that effectively combines mechanical strength with explosiv...

When complex systems move away from criticality, a balance between order and chaos, they are no longer optimized. Furthermore, when criticality is lost too quickly, or recovery is delayed, system damage can result. However, the mechanism for these abnormally fast or slow critical transitions remains unknown. Here, we show that the proximity of a co...

Quantifying erupted volumes of magma is fundamental to determine the size of eruptions. Pre- and post-eruptive digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from satellite data can quantify erupted volumes, even in remote areas. Here we used bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the TanDEM-X satellite and EarthDEMs derived by stereo-optical d...

The characteristics of explosive cyclones (ECs) with three shapes of upper-level potential vorticity (PV), namely “streamer”, “hook”, and “treble clef” shapes were jointly examined by composite and diagnostic approaches, by using the fifth-generation global atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5) issued by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Foreca...

Laboratory testing with adjustable loading amplitudes and durations remains the primary method for assessment of the safety of explosives under either launch or penetration environment. In this study, a novel impact testing laboratory equipment with loading amplitudes ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 GPa and pulse durations ranging from 1 to 8 ms is establi...

Explosive-detecting canines (EDCs) show high sensitivity in detecting explosives that they are trained to detect. The ability of canines to detect explosive residues to the parts per trillion level can sometimes result in nuisance alerts. These nuisance alerts can occur when various materials (i.e., substrates) are exposed to volatile organic compo...

Explosives are widespread, toxic and persistent environmental pollutants. 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is being phased in to replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in munitions. Here we demonstrate that only low levels of DNAN are detoxified in Arabidopsis, leaving it to remain as a substrate for monodehydroascorbate reductase 6 mediated chronic phytotox...

In this work, we have investigated the thermal features of hydrogen peroxide-based energetic materials formulations. Initial research has shown that both the auxiliary oxidiser (sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate) and sensitising agent (glass microspheres) have significant influence on the rate of hydrogen peroxide decay in such f...

We study a family of Crump-Mode-Jagers branching processes in random environment that explode, i.e. that grow infinitely large in finite time with positive probability. Building on recent work of the author and Iyer, we weaken certain assumptions required to prove that the branching process, at the time of explosion, contains a (unique) individual...

Any language \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathcal {L}$$\end{document} of classical logic, of first- or higher-order, is expanded with sentential qua...

Metal-containing compounds form a large and rapidly expanding group of high-energy materials. Many compounds in this class attract the attention of non-professionals, who may attempt the illegal production of explosives. Several of these substances have been commercially available and pose significant danger if used by terrorists or for criminal pu...

The research aims to design and develop a kamikaze drone Dipole_31 prototype based on the ESP32 microcontroller designed as a high-precision long-range enemy target destruction system. The drone was created to focus on high performance and operational efficiency, making it suitable for targeted destruction missions. The research method uses a struc...

The Kinetic-Explosive Threshold (KET) represents a pivotal milestone in the evolution of modern weaponry, marking the velocity at which the kinetic energy of a projectile surpasses the chemical explosive energy of an equivalent mass. As advancements in hypervelocity technologies, such as railguns, hypersonic missiles, and space-based kinetic energy...

This study carried out on elite athletes from West Java Province to analyze the physical performance of elite athletes, namely power, flexibility and balance on the accuracy of their dollyo chagi kicks on these three physical performances. In two previous studies, it was known that physical performance had an influence on the psychology and physiol...

Utilizing advanced visualization techniques to simulate and replicate the response of concrete block under various explosive loads is highly important for investigating and predicting the fragmentation and fracture behaviour of concrete materials. In this paper, a scenario visualization method is introduced that combines virtual simulation and math...

This study aims to determine Passenger Behavior at Mutiara Sis Aljufri Airport, Palu, which examines it from a public administration perspective. Passenger behavior at Mutiara Sis Aljufri Airport, Palu, can be analyzed from a public administration perspective by considering how the interaction between passengers and government institutions and publ...

Background: Muscle fatigue is inevitable during resistance exercises, making its monitoring essential for maintaining athletic performance and reducing the risk of injury. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and velocity loss have been reported as reliable indicators of muscle fatigue during explosive resistance exercises. However, their validity h...

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the possibility of remote visualization of traces of some nitro-group-containing explosives (TNT, RDX, HMX, Composition-B, and Tetryl) on the surface of aluminum foil using the laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) method. A tunable excimer KrF laser with a narrow generat...

Numerous studies have investigated the impact of resistance training (RT) and plyometric training (PT) set configurations (cluster sets [CS] and traditional sets [TS]) on lower body performance adaptations. However, the effects of these training modalities on upper body physical performance, particularly among Table Tennis (TT) players, remain uncl...

Pumice cones are volcanic landforms that exist worldwide, but whose eruption has never been observed. Interpretations of these eruptions vary significantly in style, intensity, and magnitude, pertinent for volcanic hazard assessment. Aluto volcano (Ethiopia) provides an unprecedented insight into the hazardous nature of these enigmatic eruptions. W...

The physical education teacher has the obligation to form the representative team of the school unit to be enrolled in the competition provided in the sports calendar, respectively the National School Sports Olympiad. The aim is to educate all students in sports according to their skills, material basis, sports tradition of the educational unit, in...

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of implementing plyometric exercises especially in the case of students in vocational mainstream education for improving relaxation and implicitly sports performance. The present paper highlights a study based on a theoretical and practical approach to the notion of plyometrics by applyin...

The purpose of the research is to make the design of the ESP32-based Kamikaze Drone. The method used in this research by means of experiments tested is the range, flight speed, explosive power, flight duration, accuracy and accuracy of hitting the target. The components used in the ESP32 drone, brushles motor, GPS, Receiver, Trasmiter on the contro...

Smuggling poses a threat both to individuals and to national security. The problem of smuggling is complicated by the constant transformation of criminal schemes, thereby urging the search for appropriate investigation methods of this offense. The aim of the research is to improve the methods of investigation of smuggling through the integration of...

Nitroaromatic explosive sensing plays a critical role in ensuring public security and environmental protection. Herein, we report 2‐pyridyl‐thiazolothiazole (pyTTz) integrated blue‐fluorescent π‐conjugated porous polymer nanosheets, NTzCMP and TzCMP for selective sensing of picric acid (PA) among nitrophenol explosives. Acid‐base interactions betwe...

The rate of discovery of new explosives with superior energy density and performance has largely stalled. Rapid property prediction through machine learning has the potential to accelerate the discovery of new molecules by screening of large numbers of molecules before they are ever synthesized. To support this goal, we assembled a 21,000-molecule...

The identification and recovery of explosive fragments can provide a reference for the evaluation of explosive power and the design of explosion-proof measures. At present, fragment detection usually uses a few bands in the visible light or infrared bands for imaging, without fully utilizing multi-band spectral information. Hyperspectral imaging ha...

The purpose of the research is to make the design of the ESP32-based Kamikaze Drone. The method used in this research by means of experiments tested is the range, flight speed, explosive power, flight duration, accuracy and accuracy of hitting the target. The components used in the ESP32 drone, brushles motor, GPS, Receiver, Trasmiter on the contro...

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties at the interface of Incoloy825/X65 bimetallic composite pipe achieved by explosive welding were systematically studied. Results show that a periodic wavy bonding interface was formed between the Incoloy825 and X65 due to the jets caused by the high-impact stresses during explosive welding,...

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, fans assembled at stadiums and arenas across the country to witness a recurring spectacular event. They headed toward the local ballpark or arena, not to watch their favorite teams and entertainers perform inside, but rather to witness the implosion of the facilities themselves. As the United States was in the mid...

This paper presents the development of machine learning (ML) models to predict hypoxemia severity during emergency triage, especially in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) events, using physiological data from medical-grade sensors. Gradient Boosting Models (XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost) and sequential models (LSTM, G...

Extratropical storms, particularly explosive storms or “weather bombs” with exceptionally high deepening rates, present substantial risks and are susceptible to climate change. Individual storms may exhibit a complex and hardly detectable response to human-driven climate change because of the atmosphere’s chaotic nature and variability at the regio...

Explosives, as high-energy materials, could generate huge destructive explosions along with a massive release of energy. The regulatory or illegal transportation of explosives threatens the peace and stability worldwide. Among the many high-powered explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) is not only frequently used in many terrorist attacks, but als...

The most common form of solidification of metals is heterogeneous nucleation, in which the particles, regardless of whether they are endogenous or exogenous, nucleate the primary crystal phase, becoming solid crystal particles and, subsequently, initiating into grains during solidification. Explosive grain initiation has been proposed recently for...

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical condition of rock climbing athletes in Central Sulawesi Province in preparation for Prapon 2023. The method used in this study is descriptive research. The sample in this study was 15 athletes consisting of 8 female athletes and 7 male athletes. The instruments used to measure the physical con...

The aim of this study is to determine the metric stability of the one-month handgrip test (HGT) in order to define the contractile characteristics of the biological variation of maximal isometric strength ( F max ) and maximal isometric rate of force development ( RFD max ) of the handgrip in two different testing regimes (classic and impulse). The...

A simple method was developed for one-step synthesis of silver-based metal-organic skeleton (AgMOF) and in situ growth on flexible cotton swabs (CS). In this work, the CS-AgMOF has been obtained by new synthetic routes using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) and AgNO3 dissolved in a ethanol/water mixture in the presence of CS used to stabili...

This paper presents the development of machine learning (ML) models to predict hypoxemia severity during emergency triage, especially in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) events, using physiological data from medical-grade sensors. Gradient Boosting Models (XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost) and sequential models (LSTM, G...

Chemical spills pose a significant threat to the safety of people living nearby, as well as to air quality and occupational safety. Therefore, preventing chemical spills has become a key issue in environmental protection and process safety. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ethanol released from a tank at a chemical plant in Istanbul, Türk...

Security and safety are crucial factors in aviation activities, considering the sensitivity of air transportation that requires certainty of safety at all times. The success of the duties and responsibilities of the Aviation Security unit is measured by their ability to optimize their supervisory role, thus creating safe and secure conditions, in a...

The removal of skeletal muscle tension (unloading or disuse) is followed by many changes in the neuromuscular system, including muscle atrophy and loss of isometric maximal strength (measured by maximal force, Fmax). Explosive strength, i.e. the ability to develop the highest force in the shortest possible time, to maximise rate of force developmen...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of plyometric training on explosive strength & speed performance of long jumpers. Various studies suggest that plyometric training improves explosive strength and speed performance. However, the effectiveness of plyometric training depends upon several factors. Integrating plyometric training progr...

The gastrocnemius muscle plays a crucial role in transmitting and generating energy during standing explosive accelerations, and as a consequence, is a muscle with high injury prevalence, especially the medial gastrocnemius (MG). This study aimed to compare the neuromuscular activation of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and MG during one of the most...

This study aimed to examine the effect of a circuit training programme on Leg explosive strength of school students Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. To achieve the purpose of the study, the sixty (60) male students were selected who served as subjects and their age group was between 9 to 14 years. The selected subjects were divided into two groups i.e., expe...

In this work, the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology based on the «Design for X» concept is studied to define the design criteria of the mechanical characteristics of an EOD robot and validated with a virtual prototype of an Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) robot. The objective is the applica...

Interdecadal variations, since the middle of the 20th century, in the seasonal cycle of Southern Hemisphere extratropical synoptic scale weather systems, are studied and related to associated anomalies in Southern Australian rainfall over south-west Western Australia (SWWA) and southeast Australia (SEA). A data-driven method is employed in which at...

Layered joints significantly affect the propagation and attenuation of engineering blasting stress waves and have a significant influence on rock breakage. In this study, the explosion crack propagation mechanism of a stratified rock mass with weak or no cementation is analyzed. Multilayer plexiglass plates are employed to simulate a layered rock m...

Explosive strength is fundamental in the performance of athletes. The objective is to identify the criteria used for the prescription of Explosive Strength Training (EST) and to verify the changes it produces in futsal players. A systematic review of studies analyzing the criteria used for the prescription of explosive strength training was conduct...

Design Techniques for Armored Vehicle Protection Against Blast from Improvised Explosive Devices.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between leg muscle explosiveness and smash accuracy in badminton among IKOR FIKKM UNIMA students. The research method used is descriptive with a correlation technique. The sample for this study consists of 15 students from the IKOR program. The instrument used to measure leg...

The "Hardware and Software Complex for Measuring Martial Artists' Strikes" enables precise evaluation of the physical and psychological functional capabilities of highly skilled boxers. The equipment, utilizing the "TABO-STAR" software, provides critical data on various performance metrics through 8-second and 40-second tests, focusing on explosive...

The paper presents a study of the effect of the ratio of water and hydrate-forming gas on the process of hydrate formation by explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water. Freon 32 is used as a hydrate-forming gas, which has a high specific heat of vaporization, a lower density compared to water, and also forms a hydrate...

Equilibrium climate sensitivity modeling relies heavily on paleoclimate records that were affected by meteorite impacts and volcanic explosions. This paper conducts a thought experiment by re-assembling known data and theories to shed new light on anthropogenic carbon waste. Anthropogenic activity, meteorite impacts and volcanic explosions all extr...

After attacks in Israel led by Hamas militants on October 7, 2023, Israel launched a major military campaign in the Gaza Strip that has featured an unprecedented scale of destruction. This has included the use of highly destructive weapons in a densely populated area. Mark-84 bombs (M-84s) are 2000 lb air-dropped explosive munitions with the capaci...

هدف البحث إلى إعداد تمرينات وفق منطقة الشدة الثالثة للقدرة الإنفجارية للرجلين للنساء من فئة الشباب بالجمناستك الفني، والتعرف على تأثير التمرينات وفق منطقة الشدة الثالثة للقدرة الإنفجارية للرجلين في أداء مهارات القفز ضماً على الحصان، والقفز فتحاً على الحصان، والطلوع على عارضة التوزان بأجهزة الجمناستك الفني للنساء، وأعتمد المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجم...

Chemical, Biological, Radiological or Nuclear and Explosive (CBRNe) disasters have historically caused significant fatalities and posed global threats. The inadequate preparedness of hospital equipment for CBRNe incidents underscores the urgent need for hospitals to modernize and standardize their equipment to effectively manage these high-risk sit...

In order to analyze the effect of temperature changes on the shock initiation performance of HMX–based booster explosive, which consists of 95% HMX and 5% FPM2602 by weight, a temperature calibration test of acceptor was designed. The temperature changes in the booster at low and elevated temperatures under the constraint of steel sleeve were obtai...

Magma fragmentation is an essential process driving explosive volcanic eruptions, generating a distribution of pyroclasts with characteristic shape and grain size. These characteristics are often used to inform on the energetics of magma fragmentation and the associated eruption style and intensity. However, a portion of these pyroclasts, droplets...

Explosive movements requiring high force and power outputs are integral to many sports, posing distinct challenges for the neuromuscular system. Traditional resistance training can improve muscle strength, power, endurance, and range of motion; however, evidence regarding its effects on athletic performance, such as sprint speed, agility, and jump...

Marine fallout ash beds can provide continuous, time‐precise records of highly explosive arc volcanism that can be linked with the climate record. An evaluation of revised Plio‐Pleistocene (0–4 Myr) tephrostratigraphies from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 881, 882, and 884 confirms cyclicity of the Kamchatka‐Kurile arc volcanism and a marked increase...

This article presents a novel approach to aerial firefighting, proposing the use of water-filled spherical containers that explode upon impact to extinguish wildfires effectively. This method aims to enhance the penetration of water into fire zones, disrupt fire dynamics, and improve resource efficiency, particularly in steep and forested terrains....

Historical sites are vulnerable to significant damage caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes, rockfalls, floods, landslides, and fires. Protecting these invaluable regions necessitates preemptive measures against such disasters. This study delves into the rockfall risk assessment and remediation techniques for Assos, an ancient port with a...

This study presents the preparation and evaluation of Aluminized Polymer Bonded Explosives (ABXs) formulations comprising RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), AL powder, and Isoprene Rubber (IR). The formulations were carefully prepared in a laboratory setting, with efficient mixing observed at 70°C and subsequent curing at 80°C for five days. Anal...

Objectives: To compare the effects of explosive resistance training (RT) to strength RT on neu-romuscular and functional parameters and to analyze the relationship between changes in walking speed and improvements in plantar flexor (PF) neuromuscular parameters following interven-tions. Methods: 40 participants were randomly assigned to either an e...

هدف البحث إلى إعداد تمرينات بإستخدام مقاومات مختلفة لسباحي (50) متر حرة، والتعرف على تأثير التمرينات بإستخدام المقاومات مختلفة في القدرة الإنفجارية للذراعين، وإنتقال الزخوم بين اجزاء الجسم، والانسيابية الحركية، وزمن إنجاز سباحة (50) متر حرة، وأعتمد المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة على عينة بلغت (11) سباح أختيروا عمدياً بإسلوب ال...

Nowadays, mining is becoming increasingly valued, as mines of various types provide a large part of the raw materials needed for construction. In order to ensure a continuous supply of extraction and raw materials, new areas need to be identified and opened up. However, some of these new areas may contain security risks such as explosive remnants o...

The problem in this study is the lack of students in basketball shooting results so that the players often experience failures. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether there is an effect of arm muscle training and leg muscle explosive training on shooting results in extracurricular students of SMP Negeri 2 Bangka Barat. The purpose...