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Explosions - Science topic
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Questions related to Explosions
To our knowledge, the Schrödinger PDE solution does not allow for the singularities essential to the formation and explosion of the Big Bang.
These singularities are also essential for the collapse of giant stars into tiny black holes.
We assume this to be true.
Additionally, they exist and are produced by superpower countries like Russia and the United States.
Unfortunately, some argue that this type of bomb could have been used on a limited scale in Ukraine and Gaza. . etc.
The explosion itself is basically an enhanced explosion, similar to a BLEVE event with a liquid or solid fuel (carbon powder or hydrocarbons) to enhance the explosion.
We also assume that the vacuum bomb is the latest version of explosives with an explosive power of a few to several tens of kg of TNT equivalent.
It has the unique characteristic of being a pure incendiary bomb without explosion fragments.
The mechanism requires an explosive trigger. The most dangerous cause is that it can occur purely spontaneously, as in the case of modern vacuum cleaners, where many cases have recently been recorded around the world.
We recall the formation and explosion event of the Big Bang
The practical vacuum quantum bomb is the latest version of explosives with an explosive power (for small ones) of a few to tens of kg of TNT equivalent. It has the particularity of being a purely incendiary explosive bomb, without explosion fragments.
AI explosion has somewhat causes endless ripples in many field of study - education is one of the field that is greatly affected by the emergence of AI usage.
We assume this to be true.
We also assume that the vacuum bomb is the latest version of explosives with an explosive power of a few to ten kg of TNT equivalent.
It has the unique characteristic of being a pure incendiary bomb without explosion fragments.
3- The thermal blast wave of process 2 is supposed to ignite the fine carbon powder which amplifies and maintains the preliminary explosion.
The theory and design of the electrostatic vacuum bomb is in continuous development for the production of sufficiently detailed practical shapes, one of which is shown in Figure 2.
It is worth mentioning that the electrostatic vacuum bomb is capable of producing a large volume of thermal shock wave with a temperature of up to 3000 degrees C and lasting for a few seconds.
Needless to say, this explosion ensures the destruction of an enemy tank or armored vehicle in a single hit.
Fig.2 Modern electrostatic vacuum bomb.
Will the planet earth be destroyed before the supernova explosion or after the supernova explosion?
As you know, the evolution of every star from Hayil Govich to star formation and star birth, which is formed by electrons, protons and neutrons, and due to the interactions of these electrons, protons and neutrons inside the Goviches after 2 Millions of years and heating and turning into stars inside the nebulae of galactic clusters lead to the birth of stars inside the galaxies and nebulae. Now, after it turns into a star, at first they have a faint blue light that can be identified by powerful telescopes. And he recorded it under our name or in English, according to Russell's theory and Russell's curve, which says that at first the light of the stars is pale blue, and after a while it turns white, and after a period of time that will last millions of years. in yellow; that our sun is now yellow in color, that now about 4 billion and 600 million years have passed from the life of our sun and after that it turns orange and finally at the end of the life of the sun or star it turns red and the reason for the color The red color of these stars is due to the abundance of Alium gas in the star. Because the color of helium gas is red and because it has the property of escaping and opening, the star becomes bigger and bigger like a balloon and becomes a red giant or a new cloud. Of course, according to Einstein's theory, whose representative formula is E = MC2, which shows that the energy of the sun or star, according to quantum physics, inside the sun is hydrogen energy inside the sun. That is, 4 hydrogen molecules are converted into 2 or 1 helium molecules, and according to quantum physics, plasma physics or solar plasma physics, which some countries now want to use to produce electricity, not nuclear reactors, which are also less dangerous. They also produce more energy like the sun. And the property of hydrogen to helium is very high, and according to astronomers, the life of our sun is 10 billion years, and now it is almost half, and now it will end after 10 billion years, and the life of our sun will also end and turn into a cloud. The new star or giant becomes red. At this stage, the gravity of the sun or star increases, and according to astronomers, the gravity of the supernova increases so much that it can swallow all the planets of the solar system. And if it has escaped from the sun's gravity until then, after some time the sun or the star will turn into a supernova explosion, which is the explosion of the supernova and the transformation of that big star into a white dwarf, the gravity of the white dwarf is so great that even the surrounding light It devours itself and creates black holes, at which time no planet around it is safe (according to the theory of gravity) and this powerful energy of black holes will continue until the energy of white dwarfs and molecular collapse. which happens at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, and if two white dwarfs are trapped in a black hole, they will be more powerful. Of course, the white dwarfs themselves turn into black and brown dwarfs after some time and disappear in space. Now, how long will the life of the world and its creatures continue? Will these climate changes destroy the life of its creatures? Or that the planet Earth will continue to exist before the supernova explosion?
Brian W. Taylor added a reply
Astrophysicist here, I see a few things wrong with the theories in this post. However the most important is the thesis statement about the Sun going supernova, which is incorrect. The Sun does not have enough mass to create Iron in the core so it will not undergo the process of core collapse generating a supernova. It will however most likely eject the hydrogen envelope and leave a white dwarf star. Unless there is another source of mass to add onto the white dwarf, ie from a companion which our Sun does not have, the star will slowly cool and not produce a nova or supernova.
The Earth, will have most likely been consumed during the Red Giant phase of our star where the size of the star will likely extend beyond the Earth's orbit.
Will the planet earth be destroyed before the supernova explosion or after the supernova explosion?
As you know, the evolution of every star from Hayil Govich to star formation and star birth, which is formed by electrons, protons and neutrons, and due to the interactions of these electrons, protons and neutrons inside the Goviches after 2 Millions of years and heating and turning into stars inside the nebulae of galactic clusters lead to the birth of stars inside the galaxies and nebulae. Now, after it turns into a star, at first they have a faint blue light that can be identified by powerful telescopes. And he recorded it under our name or in English, according to Russell's theory and Russell's curve, which says that at first the light of the stars is pale blue, and after a while it turns white, and after a period of time that will last millions of years. in yellow; that our sun is now yellow in color, that now about 4 billion and 600 million years have passed from the life of our sun and after that it turns orange and finally at the end of the life of the sun or star it turns red and the reason for the color The red color of these stars is due to the abundance of Alium gas in the star. Because the color of helium gas is red and because it has the property of escaping and opening, the star becomes bigger and bigger like a balloon and becomes a red giant or a new cloud. Of course, according to Einstein's theory, whose representative formula is E = MC2, which shows that the energy of the sun or star, according to quantum physics, inside the sun is hydrogen energy inside the sun. That is, 4 hydrogen molecules are converted into 2 or 1 helium molecules, and according to quantum physics, plasma physics or solar plasma physics, which some countries now want to use to produce electricity, not nuclear reactors, which are also less dangerous. They also produce more energy like the sun. And the property of hydrogen to helium is very high, and according to astronomers, the life of our sun is 10 billion years, and now it is almost half, and now it will end after 10 billion years, and the life of our sun will also end and turn into a cloud. The new star or giant becomes red. At this stage, the gravity of the sun or star increases, and according to astronomers, the gravity of the supernova increases so much that it can swallow all the planets of the solar system. And if it has escaped from the sun's gravity until then, after some time the sun or the star will turn into a supernova explosion, which is the explosion of the supernova and the transformation of that big star into a white dwarf, the gravity of the white dwarf is so great that even the surrounding light It devours itself and creates black holes, at which time no planet around it is safe (according to the theory of gravity) and this powerful energy of black holes will continue until the energy of white dwarfs and molecular collapse. which happens at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second, and if two white dwarfs are trapped in a black hole, they will be more powerful. Of course, the white dwarfs themselves turn into black and brown dwarfs after some time and disappear in space. Now, how long will the life of the world and its creatures continue? Will these climate changes destroy the life of its creatures? Or that the planet Earth will continue to exist before the supernova explosion?
We assume that the Schrödinger wave equation,
iℏ(dψ/dt)= Ĥψ. . . . . (1)
is incomplete and cannot be considered a unified field theory.
on the other hand, its square,
d/dt)partial U= D Nabla^2 U+ S. . . . (2)
Where U=Ψ^2=Ψ . Ψ*
and S is the source/sink term (extrinsic or intrinsic).
is more complete and more eligible to be a unified field theory.
Over the past four years, Equation 2 has been successfully applied to solve almost all classical physics situations such as Poisson and Laplace PDE, heat diffusion equation, and quantum physics problems such as quantum particles in a well of infinite potential or in a central field.
Additionally, Equation 2 has also been shown to be effective in solving pure mathematical problems such as numerical differentiation and integration as well as the sum of infinite integer series.
Finally, Equation 2 was applied to shed light on the mystery of the formation and explosion of the Big Bang.
We assume that the energy in infinite free space (in addition to flammable particles if any) is drawn toward the center of the hottest point, as if to add more fuel to the fire.
The Big Bang explosion itself lasts only a fraction of a second, but its aftershocks last almost indefinitely.
We assume that vacuum cleaners can explode spontaneously.
Very few catastrophic accidents due to vacuum cleaner explosions have occurred in the world recently.
We also assume that the mechanism or physics inherent in the explosion is similar to that of the Big Bang creating the universe.
The cornerstone is the transformation of vacuum potential energy into quantum matter and vice versa:
ρ(x,y,z,t)=Const * V(x,y,z,t) . . . . (1)
where V is the potential energy or electrical potential of the battery (nearly 120 volts).
However, Rule 1 is a probabilistic event that lasts from days to millions of years and leads to a concentration of energy (heat) at a small point.
This extremely high concentration (temperature) is the cause of the explosion.
We submitted a paper Large Language Models: Assessment for Singularity.
We investigated whether modern LLM technology can create the conditions for the singularity of AI, which has been discussed mainly in the field of philosophy, and modeled and discussed what kind of design is possible at the implementation level, as well as the conditions for an intelligence explosion and accelerated AI population growth.
If an autonomous AI can be created in a safe manner, the benefits to mankind are likely to be enormous, so we have begun research on prototypes of the RSI_RPF and other products proposed in this study with great care.
We are open to a wide range of opinions, including interest and discussion, and hope you will feel free to contact us to discuss about this theme.
I am using a constant potential version of VASP (cp-VASP) for a restricted molecular dynamics simulation to study the dissolution process of Cu from the Cu(111) surface. Towards the later stages of the MD simulation, I observed a significant increase in the Gibbs free energy, and hydrogen atoms began detaching from water. Why is this happening? My simulation has not yet reached the target number of steps. Here is my plot, MD trajectory,and my INCAR. (Sorry, the previous graph of the Gibbs free energy was incorrect. I have uploaded the new one here.)Thank you in advance for your assistance
SYSTEM
ISTART = 0
ENCUT = 400
ISPIN = 1
ISMEAR = 1
SIGMA = 0.2
ALGO = VeryFast
ISYM = 0
LREAL = Auto
LWAVE = .FALSE
LCHARG = .FALSE.
NSW = 2000
NELM = 25
POTIM = 0.5
IBRION = 0
EDIFF = 1E-4
# MD Parameters
MDALGO = 2
SMASS = 0
TEBEG = 300 ; TEEND = 300
# VASPsol Solvent Model - This corresponds to water
LSOL = .TRUE.
EB_K = 80
LAMBDA_D_K = 3.0
# CP-VASP Parameters
LCEP = .TRUE.
NESCHEME = 2
CAP_MAX = 2.0
NEADJUST = 5
TARGETMU = -3.6
FERMICONVERGE = 0.05
# slow growth
LBLUEOUT =.TRUE
INCREM = 0.0025
How do supernovae arise? And when they become white dwarfs, what effects will they create in the world? And what effect do they have on the expansion of the world?
Most supernovae begin as stars whose cores collapse, but a supernova, in the simplest model, begins as a white dwarf star that borrows mass from a companion star. When it reaches critical mass, it erupts in a titanic thermonuclear explosion. Although they are not identical, they are more luminous than any other type of supernova. At the same time, their redshift is a direct indication of the expansion of the universe since the supernova explosion.
Measuring the expansion history ultimately depends on comparing the distance and redshift for a sufficient number of Type Ia over a long period of time. This is how accelerated expansion, driven by dark energy, was independently discovered by two competing teams and announced in 1998. For this discovery, in 2011, Saul Perlmutter shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Brian Schmidt and Adam Reiss of the rival supernova High-z.
The new Rubin supernova announced at the AAS meeting was first observed in a supernova survey conducted by the Supernova Cosmology Project using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2004.
It just came to my mind that in China, based on the literature I've read, there is information that ancient Chinese people in the Song dynasty in 1054 AD provided evidence that they saw the Crab Nebula supernova explosion, which was recorded in their documents.
Based on this, did the ancient people of Indonesia also see the same Crab Nebula supernova explosion in 1054 AD? Given the presence of the Crab Nebula in the Taurus constellation and close to the Celestial Meridian line. Then, is there any evidence in ancient inscriptions or manuscripts around 1054 AD in Indonesia that mention this supernova event?
If you have some references related to data sources either inscriptions or ancient manuscripts in Indonesia, I kindly ask you to share them with me, as I am interested in researching this further.
Thank you.
Best Regards, Nabila
Wire explosion parameters
How can one model explosion in a nuclear power plant using comsol multiphysics software? which physics interface are appropriate? which study can be used?
Black Hole
Black hole is not consider to be infinity
· In an atom 99.999% (Say Approx.)is empty. This space is filled with dark matter, which help to bind atomic and subatomic particle together. This only happens when dark matter and dark energy combine.
· During Back hole formation, all atoms/matter, and energy squeeze to form its actual mass space 0.001%. Then the dark matter and dark energy in it are released in the universe. Thus, formed matter inside black hole known as say “NOSO” particles (Nothing but Something). Its existing state is not known.
· There for universe is expanding with the formation of black hole.
· Mass of galaxy is independent of its Size. The mass not only depends on the number/size of galaxy, but also the size of black hole. If the galaxy may be small, but the black hole present in the galaxy is so big, then that determines the total mass of the galaxy and its gravity.
· After forming black hole with all existing matter and energy in the universe, all black holes began to squeeze again form one black hole with 0.001% of space of universe. That may be the limit of squeezing.
· When the black hole squeezed the matter exceed with its limit, then it began to explode.
· During the explosion, due to extremely unstable NOSO matter spread and easily combines /attract with Dark matter and dark energy forms new atoms. The Universe contracts to a very small space.
· All the energy absorbed by Black hole with NOSO matter release tremendously and spread in the universe with the expanding universe.
· During the explosion of the single parent black hole, several small black hole will be spread over the newly formed universe.
· These processes continue and it is difficult to predict the age of the universe until to identify/detect dark matter and dark energy.
Longford gas plant explosion on 1998 needed to explain use Swiss cheese model
Can we finally understand the world as it is? Does the world exist as it is?! Or has there always been a world with human events? A world that was not independent and was formed under the influence of human consciousness?! Until now, we have come a long way from the sensory boundaries of the world with scientific discoveries! Physical theories are so far from human senses that they bring to mind the same ideas of the unseen world! We have inherited the ashes of the explosion of a previous world, and after breaking the physical symmetries, we are busy identifying all the eras of this world in the pit of this world! This is a very strange situation!
Damage to the columns most exposed to explosion Charge (mass / kg) φj1,C1 φj2,C1 φj1,C2 φj2,C2 φd,PC1 φd,PC2 degree 1 0.0044 0.0226 0.026 0.1632 2.00 5.00 10 0.0539 0.0745 0.8674 1.8231 2.00 5.00 100 0.5901 1.1408 2.8693 5.1921 2.00 5.00" these are the values for the charge weight of 1, 10, 100 kg TNT at a standoff distance of 1.2m for M30.
Many are not willing to accept the theory of the birth of the universe through the big bang. They believe in the idea of a big expansion (that is, the idea of big swelling) rather than a big bang.
Now, if a seed expands or swells billions of times in a moment, If at the same time even the smallest parts of the seed expands or swells in this way, it will look like a big explosion.
Hi everyone,
Yesterday we have lived scary
moments in laboratory. An explosion of formic acid bottle happened and irritant gas has formed. We have rapidly left the place without any problems.
The formic acid glass bottle was stored inside a closed safe deposit at room temperature (20-25°C) without any heat sources.
Have you an explanation for this event?
I would like to know the thermo-hydraulic condition in the SGTS line just after the hydrogen explosion in Unit 3. I need the gas pressure (gas density) to calculate heat transfer from the gas to the SGTS piping. I guess that the blast pressure of the hydrogen explosion was about 5 atm. Is it true? Are there any references?
Battery explosion or burning of the electric bus was a new type of fire for the vehicles. How to put out this type of fire if there is any passenger in the vehicle?
Please see:
Hello everyone,
Because of the various differences in the mechanisms of TNT and hydrogen explosion, i've been wondering if JWL parameters existed for hydrogen to replace the classical TNT mass equivalence approach. If not, have there been equations of state developed specifically for the purpose of hydrogen cloud explosions?
Thanks in advance!
Would it be possible to use autoclave instead of steam explosion as physical pretreatment ? if yes then what should be the size of biomass ?
Occasionally when handling wetted picric acid or saturated solutions some solution can be transferred to gloves or a very small spillage (a few drops) might need wiping up with a tissue. I then dispose of these gloves and tissues in the bin where they can dry out. How dangerous are these dry residues in terms of explosion? What is the best practice in this case? Thanks.
In social drinking scenarios, my preference has always been "on the rocks", but the ex/in-plosion mentioned in the title is quite new to me. I feel it's due to unusual crystallization or air trapped or whatever, as I pour water on remnants of broken ice in the tray. Can anybody give me a scientific explanation of it?
Thanks.
The loud explosion of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’aoai volcano on January 15, 2022, and the subsequent tsunami, had baffled scientists worldwide, because the models of Displacement or perturbation of sea water [Wikipedia-Tsunami], generating tsunami couldn’t explain this tsunami. However, photographs and videos of the 200 meters (650 feet) undersea volcano, shows the raising of mushroom shape, from surface of water to >30 kilometers (19 miles) high illustrated steam formation, we suggested it contain 90% steam; this suggested the bulk explosion was caused by the instant transformation of water into steam, resulted in amplification of steam by 1,700 times, thus: (https://youtu.be/_hhx6DVOOhM)
We suggested the explosion and part of the enormous steam diverted under the sea created the tsunami wave similar to our model in “The Tsunami Mechanism”
Hello! I am looking for a standards for determination of overpressure from gas deflagration explosion, it may be API, ISO, EN, or other sources. Could you advise me what standards can contain this information ?
Thank you
In my opinion, hydrogen fuel cell technology and electromobility should become economical and safe in the future. However, currently hydrogen production is not cheap. The storage of hydrogen, e.g. in cylinders in cars that would be fueled by this fuel, is associated with a high risk of a dangerous explosion. Space shuttles in space programs in the USA were fueled by hydrogen-oxygen fuel. However, there have been tragic catastrophes.
Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.
What will happen if the frequency response of the displacement transducer is too small in the explosion tests of civil structures? Does it lead to relative time distortion of the displacement history curve? Or the structural displacement responses would be incorrect?
I have read about autoreagas, but I can find it in network
I am currently running thermal polymerizations of compounds that form free radicals at elevated temperatures (T>120 degrees C). I want to attempt to polymerize at discrete temperatures between 120 and 200 degrees C.
Can I use AIBN radical initiator at these elevated temperatures without risk of explosion (in the literature it seems that AIBN is typically used at temps ranging from 60-80 degrees C)?
If not, is there another radical initiator I can use at temperatures this high??
Thanks!
I am just curious to know, Is there a publically available catalogue of explosion occurred?
Just like the earthquake catalogue available from ISC or USGS or GCMT? Or a catalogue with the combination of both explosions and earthquake?
hi everyone,
i want to prepare phenyllithium for my reaction from bromobenzene and lithium metal. is it safe to use with precaution, i am afraid about fire or explosion. any valuable suggestions is highly appreciated, thanks.
The rapid population explosion has led to the over-exploitation of the natural resources and degradation of the environment. The increase in population puts pressure on the several resources that we have. This leads to the overall shortage of land, jobs, capital, housing, and health services. At the same time, population growth provides us with a more number of the working population, which is needed nowadays for speed progress. Your justification?
If you read the Kevorkian paper(attached), the over-pressure in experiment about 60bar at K4 sensor.
But in my model (attached) with CEL technique, this pressure is near 20 bar.
so,if you know, suggest me to correct this differences.
I'm trying to simulate reinforced concrete column under blast load in abaqus using coupled euler lagrange technique. I done every thing but the model don't feel the explosion. I think the problem might be in the boundary conditions of eulerian parts for air and tnt . Any help (tutorial ,steps) would be highly appreciated.
Hello everybody!
Recently, I have been using CEL technology to simulate the TNT explosion in the air, but I have encountered some difficulties. I don't know how to do discrete field material assignment for air and TNT . Could someone please provide me with some relevant cases or materials ?
Thanks.
I have pretreated my biogas feedstock using a steam explosion at various process conditions (temperature and retention time). The biogas/methane yields significantly reduced when the severity of the steam explosion was getting more and more. However, the methane concentration was constantly increased as severity increases. Is there someone who can tell me about the probable reason?
The shape of mushroom cloud appeared Blast in Beirut, Lebanese capital on 4th August 2020 has some similarities with the shape of the mushroom cloud of atomic explosions. But it is clear that the Beirut explosion is not a nuclear explosion.
I would like to discuss the differences and similarities of mushroom clouds of atomic explosions and other Chemical Explosions.
Dear scholars,
I decide to deposit rose gold coat by using cathodic arc pvd. my target is Ti and the gas is acetylene, nitrogen and argon. I really want to know the deposition parameter and method since I concern about acetylene reactivity and the danger of its explosion. I am so grateful for your guides.
Saba Khoram
For TNT I use JWL equation of state and the fluid that occupies the Eulerian domain is air which is being defined using EOS/IdealGas.
I want to investigate the damage due to an explosion on a steel structure. For modeling the structure I can use Wire base feature and beam elements but the problem is I can't find a way to define the walls of structure properly which are really important here because the walls are the members that take the blast wave pressure and transfer it to the structural members.
My question here is what is the best way to model a structure in a CEL problem that would interact correctly with the air and blast pressure?
As normal I want to have the most correct answers and the shortest time of analysis.
I am planning to produce carbon nanotubes using the carbon inside the Ethanol.
process is as follows:
Inside the Vacuum Chamber, I will be placing 5ml liquid Ethanol. When I vacuum all the air in the chamber ethanol will begin to boil Du to lewered boiling point and finally it will be in gaseous form. By the way some of the ethanol vapour will go through the vacuum pump.
I learned that this is not good for the pump. How critical is ist?? What kind of vacuum pumps are used for such processes?
then I will be heating a carbon heat plate inside the chamber using electricity (Resistance heating) it will go up to 700 degrees (Hopefully)
Now..is there a explosion risk in this process?
if yes what should be different? If there is an air leakage to the chamber, what is the minimum amount of air in volume percentage to start an explosion?
does anyone has experience on this topic?
I want to use Geers-hunter model to calculate the incident pressure .And use the pressure-time curve to compared with the result of empirical formula.How can I rearch it?
I have made a model with only water ,however,the output of POR isn't liked what I am looking for.
Actually I want to find a suitable algorithm for this. But I am not getting any idea any inputs??
Hello to all,
How can we recognize the kind of seismic sources are working underground like vibratoer tools, explosion, earthquake e.t.c?
Guys,
Always, I was (and also am) interested to know what kind of explosion is the nuclear explosion. "detonation" or "deflagration"? What do you think?
This is a discussion then please feal free to share anything you know.
It is said that, Sponge iron is pyrophoric at cases. When? is it extremely porous down to nanolevel? (it is macroscopically porous, of course)
and a (Soviet)Russian Ferro-alloy textbook (written in english) claims around 50%Fe-Si alloy disintegrates in contact with moisture and gives off garlic-smelling pungent and explosive gases. Simultaneous presence of P and Al does so.
Can you explain reason and mechanism behind these incidents?
I was simulated 500 kg TNT on the ground surface to explosion, soil is clayey sand with young modulus E=100 MPa, dimensions of ground crater due to detonation is 70 cm in depth and 200 cm length!!(according to figure)
Are the results of the sizes correct??
The past few years so an explosion of "league tables" all over the world. These include, but are not limited to the following:-
The best CEO's in the world: https://ceoworld.biz/2019/07/25/best-ceos-in-the-world-2019/
The top 50 CEO's in the world: https://www.ceotodaymagazine.com/top-50-ceos/
The best performing CEO's: https://hbr.org/2018/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world-2018
The most reputable CEO's: https://www.forbes.com/sites/vickyvalet/2019/05/21/the-worlds-most-reputable-ceos-2019/#6b15f1a64e7a
Do these mean anything to you? Do they carry any value?
Is anybody aware about a numerical application / a further development of 1D laser shock peening Fabbro et al. model (Fabbro et al., Physical study of laser-produced plasma in confined geometry, J. Appl. Phys. 68, 775ff, 1990) to a hemi-spherical surface explosion?
we are planning to use Refrigerant (R-1234yf) gas and would like to have prediction to evaluation for measurements against explosion both explosive, flammable areas. So that flammability level is important for us to make decision. Thank you in advance for your support and contributions.
Dear Colleagues,
I want to use a damper in order to reduce the effects of earthquake, blast or wind forces on the timber structures. However, I wish to use the most suitable damper in this regard. On the other hand, timber structures are usually susceptible to damage at their connections during strong forces. What kind of damper is the best choice and also what are the effects of using this damper on such connections?
I'm just wondering what JWL parameters are the appropriate ones for TNT? Especially the internal energy (per unit volume or per unit mass) varies a lot in literature. You can find values for the energy per unit volume between 6 and 7.1. By using these values you find also a significant difference in the blast wave results.
Is the presence of hydrogen and oxygen during water splitting thermolysis in a furnace cause an explosion? How to avoid it?
When data are combined with imagination -- a rare occurrence -- the explosion of discovery happens.
How does imagination operate? Is it baseless or a prelude to or synchronous with observation?
Does this fusion occur on a daily basis, as might be gleaned from the daily breakthrough NEWS in science, especially in the US of A, OR is it a painfully slow heuristic process that can spread across generations if not centuries or millennia?
Why is art at all important in science?
Is art synonymous with observation or does observation include art?
Can we redefine art within the confines of observation or is it the reverse?
When landmine is detonated in different type of soils, it is anticipated that the blast impulse transfer would likely to be affected by the soil properties and conditions, where characteristics of soil ejecta would also vary accordingly. Has anyone ever measured the magnitude of the impacted ejecta to the above-ground structure?
Since aluminum spherical powder is capable of explosion, does its masterbatch production with polymer at 300 ° C in a twin screw extruder have a risk of explosion? If the size distribution is 10 to 45 microns in diameter, is it safe? How much is the minimum diameter to be safe at 300 ° C?
Is there any way to deactivate aluminum spherical powder?
thanks
The different possible ordering between several independent transitions in Transitions Systems, is it the unique cause of the State Explosion Problem ?
I have an unknown lignin sample and I want to know what type it is (i.e. alkaline/ dealkaline/ soda/ protobind/ Kraft/ black liquor/ steam explosion lignin). It is definitely not organosolv, as it is dark brown-black in color.
Is there any protocol with which I can infer what type of lignin it is by studying some of its characteristics? I am in a position to to 1H, 13C, HSQC, 31P NMR, fast pyrolysis, elemental analysis, TGA , HPLC etc.
Thanks!
Dear Sirs / Madams,
I am working on a blast based problem in LS DYNA. I am stuck at a point and therefore, I seek for help. The problem is stated as under:
A human dummy is lying on sand (soild part). There is a 200gm TNT burried in sand 25mm beneath the nose of dummy. I need to determine the effect of TNT on dummy. For this, I have prepared, Multi Material for sand and TNT using ALE_MULTIMATERIAL_GROUP. I have used INITIAL_VOLUME_FRACTION_GEOMETRY where TNT is a slave and radius of tnt is 20mm. Then I used INITIAL_DETONATION where I have given centre of tnt. Finially I used Control and DATAbase. After postprocessing, I am not getting required results. Dummy must perform a somersault due to explosion, but it is just going up and down. From this , I understood that explosion is taking place but not giving a required effect. Further, I replaced detonation with load_blast_enhanced and load_segment_set. Now I am getting expected results. I could not understand what is the difference in using the two options i.e. detonation and load_segment. Whether I am missing something while using detonation option? Clearing these doubts may help me to improve my concepts. It will be great, if you could guide me in this regard. Thanks in advance
I would like to make an extract out of mango peel.
Ethanol is a flammable solvent which can spark fire.
Dilution with water can reduce this risk, but it will cause problems while evaporating the solvent to obtain the extract. Can anyone help me with this problem?
Thank you
can you give me a good literature review about the resolution of state explosion problem using BDD, Krike Structure or Petri nets ?
- Invariably, and inevitably, science carries the uncomfortable baggage of yesteryears in the form of myths and assumptions, as well as, carries the hope and hype for the future.
- When our equanimity is disturbed by questions that involve a re-think on what we have presumed long ago to be the truth, do we respond with an open mind or with sarcasm or outright hostility? And why?
- Why do we side-track or skip or deftly parry key questions?
- Do we really think that as scientists in a particular field all answers are known to us?
- Do not the best laid plans of humans go awry?
- Do we all suffer from the "I Know" syndrome?
- Why do we have so much difficulty in acknowledging publicly that there are and will always be barn-door wide gaps in our comprehension and plans?
- Since research is never going to stop, obviously our knowledge at any given point of time is incomplete. Where is the component of shame or reluctance to acknowledge this simple fact of life?
- Human effort is never perfect. To err is human, to acknowledge error is superhuman.
- No wonder the Concorde crashed and the Apollo 1 crew were killed during a test on the launch pad. The Apollo 13 mission had to return without making a moon landing due to an explosion in the service module which critically damaged the oxygen tanks needed to power the craft. Astronauts who died in space explorations were all covered by a plethora of mathematical predictions that went awry. See: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/ap13acc.html
- Is mathematics a complete inviolable fail-safe science by itself? Only humans use mathematics, so the human context is unavoidable.
- As the supposed Language of the Universe, will aliens converse with us in mathematics, if ever?
I am verifying an experimental article about a one-way concrete slab being loaded by non-contact TNT explosion using abaqus. I am using CEL (Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian) modelling technique for modelling Air (EoS-Ideal Gas) and TNT (EoS-JWL) and for concrete I am using CDP (Concrete Damage Plasticity).
My questions are:
1- Is CDP a proper material model for concrete members under dynamic explosive loading in CEL technique? If yes, do I need to define Strain Rate Dependent Data and what it should be?
2- Is it possible to model concrete using Johnson-Cook plasticity model and how?
Thanks
Currently in my research Work I do collect data from incidents related to dust explosion in Malaysia and worldwide and arrange it in 5 pentagon analysis to show the root cause of the incident to take place.
HI
HOW CAN I CONSIDER THE "CHAPMAN JOUGUET" PRESSURE IN ABAQUS MODELING FOR TNT AIR EXPLOSION?
I am using steel liner in my model and explosion is occurring inside the tunnel. is there some problem with CONWEP ? Kindly help
I want to know any info about undex and modeling to fem analyze
I invite with due regards Mr. Hardik Kothadia of IIT as one of my follower or any other Researchers to answer it with proper explanation for higher momentum after explosion, very soon.
Hello,
nuclear explosion are compressive events causing different P- to S-waves ratio compared to earth quakes being shear-events. Both can be distinguished. But can chemical explosions be distinguished realistically from nuclear detonations?
It coud probably be easier to produce some kilo-tons TNT or ammoniumnitrate than U-235.
Lothar
I am working on some new composition where I want to find the compound is explosive or not.I am using TG-DSC but from that how can I predict the composition is explosive or not?
I’d like to carry out a small scale landmine blast test and measure local and global deformations of my model. Does anyone have experience in doing similar test? My model will be a free accelerated model. Is the maximum deformation reached before the target plate translated upwards or it happens simultaneously?
Hypothetical question here-
If a bottle of diethyl ether or dioxane is found to have a dangerous level of peroxide, should a radical scavenger/antioxidant like BHT be added to reduce the risk of explosion, or is that likely to trigger an explosion by the reaction with the peroxide?
hi
i need the 3d profile dynamic air blast pressure in a non venting confinement.
who can help or addressed me about it?
I am trying to develop a code for the simulation of an exploding copper wire by electric discharge in water and associated shock wave and bubble for 2-D or axisymmetric flows. The flow solver is based on a two-phase compressible model with separate states. Currently I use the perfect gas EOS with high pressure and temperature to model the exploding cooper wire, and Tait EOS for water. This is simple and easy to implement in coding, but it does not take into account the true physics of the exploding wire. So, my question is whether the simple model can predict the consequent shock wave properly without considering the detailed physics of the exploding wire, and how accurate it is. And, if the physics of the exploding wire is considered, what is the best model for it? Is Cochran-Chan EOS a good choice?
Thank you..
I am trying to determine if organic solids that are rapidly heated (to ~200C) eject both solid and liquid droplets during the heating/melting process. A colleague of mine has studied explosives and is pretty sure they only saw liquids, but collections of my volatilized samples show liquid and solids. Is this the result of solid particles being ejected from the heated sample? Or liquids recrystallizing upon cooling? Any help is appreciated!
We found 40m diameter stone rings around a WWI battleship off Gallipoli, Turkey and can't determine what type of explosive may have caused the impact craters (assuming they are in fact craters).
Article Maritime History of ANZAC Cove
I am look for literature on spray explosion
Does anyone know (or has used) whether calpuff dispersion modeling can be used for assessment of radiological explosion? I wish to use this for verification of my results. Otherwise is there any appropriate model, other than Hotspot, which can be used for this purpose?
The multi-material ALE formulation is used to model the response of a plate subjected to close-range explosions in LS-DYNA. Both the explosive and the surrounding air was explicitly modelled.The coupling between the fluid and the structure was established based on a penalty coupling method. However,an obvious leakage of both the pressure and the explosion products was observed during my simulations. The penalty factor PFAC was increased to attempt to improve leakage. When the leakage is improved a little bit, however, another problem arises. The sliding energy reaches a very large negative value compared with the internal energy, and it means the result is incorrect. Do these problems need to be taken care of when simulating explosions? What should I do to get an accurate result through a numerical simulation in LS-DYNA?
I'm going to perform an explosion simulation. Any advice or suggested software?
