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Exercise Science - Science topic

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Kinesiology is a broad field dealing with the study of movement, function, and performance and how that movement affects overall health. Exercise science is a subfield of kinesiology that focuses on human response and adaptation to exercise and focuses on the underlying mechanisms that affect exercise.
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kinesiology is a broader field that encompasses the study of human movement from multiple perspectives, while exercise science is a more specific discipline within kinesiology that focuses specifically on the study of exercise and its effects on human health and performance
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i'm a final year student, offering sport and exercise science and i want to have a research on the reason why young females prefer body enhancement product to exercise for body enhancement. is it possible to work around such topic?
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Thank you very much
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What statistical analysis software do you recommend?
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A researcher’s best statistical analysis software is the one that satisfactorily addresses the statistical needs of their investigation and lies within their financial affordability and technical ability. That pointed out, the most widely used statistical software platform in the social sciences is IBM SPSS Statistics—albeit not for free. Alternatively, jamovi is a good option for those seeking an open-source package with a similar interface to SPSS. Here is an article that you might find helpful on jamovi.
Şahi̇n, M., & Aybek, E. (2020). Jamovi: An easy to use statistical software for the social scientists. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(4), 670–692. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.661803
Good luck,
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I would like to acquire a wereable metabolic system to use with a MoCap system in sports studies (jumping, running in a treadmill) and in human movment analysis studies (gait in a walkway, stairs...)
What is your experience and the best option with the next equipments? What is the advantage/disadvantage of each one?
-Cosmed K4b2
-Cosmed K5
-Cortex Metamax 3B
-Other system?
Thanks,
Best,
Jose Heredia-Jimenez
University of Granada. Spain
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Hola , dónde me podrían orientar sobre la página para comprar , para comprar un Cosmed k4 o k5
Saludos
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Does vitamin D have remarkable effects on athletes' performance?
Which performance does vitamin D improve for athletes?
What performance is significantly enhanced by vitamin D intake?
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A severe deficiency of vit D (below 25 nmol/L 25OH vit D3 in serum or plasma) causes loss of muscle strenght.
For athletes the optimum lies above 75 nmol/l, maybe even above 100 nmol/L being the natural status in rural living African people.
Read our publication about vit D and professional soccer players :
Do Professional Soccer Players have a Vitamin D Status Supporting Optimal Performance in Winter time?
Vander Slagmolen et al., J Sports Med Doping Stud 2014, 4:2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000138
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We are interested on the study of the effect of Small Sided and conditioned games (SSCG´s) on strength and injuries in football.
There are too much studies related to aerobic and anaerobic effects of this game-based teaching and training methodology.
However, there are few references related to this topic and strength of lower limb muscles and prevention of injuries.
Any interesting reference you could suggest?
Thanks a lot.
Floren Huertas
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Thanks for your opinion Paulo. Yes, probably some problems could emerge from a overuse of this SSGs in the tecbical- tactical and physical fitness preparation. We would be interested in perform an study about is effect on disbalance between agonist / antagonist muscle and fatigue due to overuse of this methodology in your football players. Regards
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I believe atherosclerosis develops over a long period of time and is accelerated by atherogenic diet and physical inactivity. If both these factors are reversed, there should be a possibility to aid plaque regression. Would appreciate any evidence or counter - evidence in this regard
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Kindly see also the following useful RG link:
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What types of exercises and training variables (volume, intensity, repetitions, frequency, exercise selection, exercise order, and rest) are recommended for patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS)?
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Dear Hamidreza Khalounejad , there are various types of modalities that can be beneficial for persons with MS.
I have explained all types with detailed information such as volume, repetitions, exercise selection, etc particularly during COVID-19 in my latest article, which you can find it here:
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Hamstring strain injuries are very common in sport at all levels .They lead to significant costs, as well as an increased future risk of other injuries. So, it is important to realize which exercises are the most beneficial ones.
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Dear Pegah Jamali , According to force-velocity curve muscle contraction, Muscles are capable of generating greater forces under eccentric conditions than under either isometric or concentric contractions. (1)
To understand how eccentric exercise produces more force and how it can help to prevent injuries, you should know the mechanism of that, which I have explained in my article
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Hello everybody I am doing my thesis in Exercises Science at the University of Padua.
I would like to know if anyone has been researching on health promotion through sport in the developmental period.
Than the promotion of sport in schools.
Thanks
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Dear Sofia, the following recent reviews may help you:
Schönbach DMI, Altenburg TM, Marques A, Chinapaw MJM, Demetriou Y. Strategies and effects of school-based interventions to promote active school transportation by bicycle among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020;17(1):138. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7661215/pdf/12966_2020_Article_1035.pdf
Suga ACM, Silva AAPD, Brey JR, Guerra PH, Rodriguez-Añez CR. Effects of interventions for promoting physical activity during recess in elementary schools: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021:S0021-7557(21)00052-8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021755721000528?via%3Dihub
Hu D, Zhou S, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Liu Z. Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(6):3147. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8003258/pdf/ijerph-18-03147.pdf
Defever E, Jones M. Rapid Realist Review of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions in 7- to 11-Year-Old Children. Children (Basel) 2021;8(1):52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830730/pdf/children-08-00052.pdf
Piñeiro-Cossio J, Fernández-Martínez A, Nuviala A, Pérez-Ordás R. Psychological Wellbeing in Physical Education and School Sports: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):864. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7908239/pdf/ijerph-18-00864.pdf
Andermo S, Hallgren M, Nguyen TT, Jonsson S, Petersen S, Friberg M, Romqvist A, Stubbs B, Elinder LS. School-related physical activity interventions and mental health among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2020;6(1):25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7297899/pdf/40798_2020_Article_254.pdf
Best wishes from Germany, Martin
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Physical fitness is essential to allow people to carry out everyday activities. It is often particularly low in stroke survivors. It may limit their ability to perform everyday activities and also worsen any stroke-related disability. So, it is recommended that seniors do exercises in order to improve cognitive function, quality of life, and the ability to maintain physical activity. On the other hand, other researchers say that training programs increase the risk of having another stroke.
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Have a look at the following RG links.
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Dear colleagues,
pre-registration is a key element in open science practice. There are several options on the market for pre-registering an intended research project. I wonder if there is a tendency towards a specific pre-registration platform for exercise science research. For sports psychology it seems to be OSF, but I could not identify a preference for exercise science studies.
What do you think is the most used pre-registration platform for exercise science research and/or which one would you recommend for this field of science?
Cheers
Lutz
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Dear Colleague,
I just started to collect data on exactly this topic as part of a more comprehensive meta-research study regarding orthopedic and sports medicine literature.
I think right now, most studies with a medical background pre-register in classic registries for clinical trials like clinicaltrials.gov or the german equivalent DRKS. Regarding studies without medical background, I would say OSF pre-registration formats are more common and I expect that the proportion of registration and preprints in STORK will increase in future.
Best,
Robert
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Currently working on literature regarding the effects of cooling on MS patients.
Effects on physical performances, balance, cognitive impairments and patients' comfort.
I've already read the Meyer-Heim article ublished on 2007(Multiple Sclerosis, 2007; 13: 232-237), and Nilsagard's article (Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, September 2006; 1(4): 225 – 233).
I'm actually trying to find alternate references that could i) increase my understanding in physiological rationales of those enhancement; ii) lead my team research on a "ideal" cooling intervention (avoiding thermal discomfort while getting improvement)
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HI:
This is Leslie David Montgomery from San Jose, CA, USA.
I recently read your Research Gate profile and your interest in MS/cooling.
I worked at NASA Ames Research Center, CA for a number of years. One of our larger projects regarded body cooling for astronauts and the application of body cooling for MS patients.
You can find articles about our work on Research Gate Leslie David Montgomery. There are several papers there that might be of interest to you.
I have also worked in the field of biothermal modelling of divers and other types of sports participants.
Please let me know of your current work in this area.
I can best be reached at email: pmontgomery@telis.org.
Looking forward to possibly hearing from you.
les montgomery
I also sent this note to your hotmail account.
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I am looking for information for the last 100 or 50 years on measurable sporting performance (for example: in athletics, swimming, cycling, rowing and the like) for competitors aged 40+, 50+, 60+, 70+ etc to answer the question: Has the physical performance of the elderly changed over the last 100 or 50 years?
Results for London etc marathons provide times and ages since the 1980s, but that is one activity and just 35 years.
Is there more information?
Many thanks.
Malcolm Tozer
24 February 2016
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Thank you. That is very helpful.
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Their is need to understand the safety and efficacy of exercise therapy on cancer treatment–induced cardiovascular toxicity and tumor progression and metastasis in oncology practice, this can be achieved by having a fundamental knowledge of exercise prescription, dosing and personalization with regards to cancer treatment and according to global best practices.
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Staining 10um cross sections with PAS and immunofluorescent (for fiber type, cell membrane). Need assistance with imaging/ analysis.
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Hi Andrew,
It's many years since you posted this question, but I'm having similar difficulties at present and wonder if/how you resolved this?
Best,
David
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Does anyone work with tensiomyography in the sports and exercise sciences, especially to evaluate the effects of different intervention programs on skeletal muscle tissue?
I wonder how different this equipment would be from an electromyograph.
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Interesting. Thank you Sebastian.
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I am trying to develop a study abroad class in Havana, Cuba, for my undergraduate Exercise Science & Wellness students. I think it would be a great way to expose them to a very different way of assessing and training athletes, general population and people with chronic disease. Does anybody know who might be willing to host a 2-week long course of about 8-12 students?
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How would you like to go about this? I am interested.
What exactly do you want them to learn?
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some athletes follow the paleolithic diet. paleolithic diet also known as caveman diet. in this diet you have to eat like of a caveman. what is your idea about this diet? can this diet increase the athletic performance? can anyone explain about the aspect of health of this diet?
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Pitt CE. Cutting through the Paleo hype: The evidence for the Palaeolithic diet. Aust Fam Physician. 2016;45(1):35-8. https://www.racgp.org.au/download/Documents/AFP/2016/January/February/Clinical-Pitt.pdf
Popp CJ, Bohan Brown MM, Bridges WC, Jesch ED. The Effectiveness of MyPlate and Paleolithic-based Diet Recommendations, both with and without Exercise, on Aerobic Fitness, Muscular Strength and Anaerobic Power in Young Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Exerc Sci 2018;11(2):921-933. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179430/pdf/ijes-11-2-921.pdf
Manousou S, Stål M, Larsson C, Mellberg C, Lindahl B, Eggertsen R, Hulthén L, Olsson T, Ryberg M, Sandberg S, Nyström HF. A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(1):124-129. https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2017134
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elite bodybuilders have different condition compare to other resistance athletes. they have more muscle, they lift more heavy weight. they use the various training system for more stimulation and damage of muscle fiber. so I thinks some recommended protein intake in some research does not appropriate for elite bodybuilders. what's your idea ? how much protein need for bodybuilders in each meal?
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There has been some controversy in how much protein a person can absorb per meal:
" Based on the current evidence, we conclude that to maximize anabolism one should consume protein at a target intake of 0.4 g/kg/meal across a minimum of four meals in order to reach a minimum of 1.6 g/kg/day. Using the upper daily intake of 2.2 g/kg/day reported in the literature spread out over the same four meals would necessitate a maximum of 0.55 g/kg/meal."
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can someone explain about of effect of this both training model on muscle activation and muscle damage? moreover what effect they have on the muscle hypertrophy?
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eccentric -> mostly in force there is contribution of passive elements, and less of active elements (cross-bridges). Because of lengthening the "damage", which is more in reality sensing of receptors leads to, generallly, addition of sarcomeres in series. So lengthwise the muscle cell will grow, and in parallel some addition can be done because there is some activity of myosin-actin.
In case of drop set, there is more fatigue, and you keep training with lower intensity or load, but because of higher fatigue, you keep on getting more higher or highest threshold groups. Also there is both eccentric and concentric work done, so more addition of parallel sarcomeres (at least in theory).
With the eccentric training the question remains how soon or how many highest threshold groups are involved as the passive elements can contribute a lot towards the force production. It might be that less high(er/est) threshold groups are activated. Eccentric training can be done with overload, as in very heavy weights only eccentric, with less voluntary control. Or with for instance a bit more load which can still be controlled.
Eccentric has more muscle damage related to intensity, because of higher loads, while drop sets have less high loads and more fatigue, so there would be in the first, hypothetical more mechanical damage, and in the second more metabolic damage. However, the question is open if muscle damage contributes to HT in the first place.
So drop set with controlled eccentric movement in the exercise might be better for overall hypertrophy as you train both eccentric and concentric.
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Hello,
my name is Antonio and I'm a graduate in health and physical activity (University of Rome Foro Italico).
I and my group are looking for:
  • medical doctor (oncologist) as advised, or
  • medical center as partner, or
  • University as partner, or
  • Research center as partner
... of a project called Ne.Mo. which consists in a mobile app (with an integrated AI system) aimed to improve cognitive functioning of breast cancer patients, and contrast the cancer-related cognitive impairment (also known as chemobrain), by using personalized physical exercise program.
Currently, all the main world organizations related to cancer reccomand physical exercise as part of the oncologic therapy. However, in several Countries, like Italy, exists a gap between science and practice. Indeed, at least in Italy, medical doctors know that exercise is a powerful tool to improve the therapeutic effects and the general condition of a cancer patient. But, on one hand, they don't have a exercise science background to prescribe it and, on the other hand, there are very few specialized center in which is possible to find some cancer exercise personal trainer expert.
Our team is composed by 13 master and PhD students in different fields, such as psychology, exercise science, computer engineer, law, economy, medicine, neuroscience, marketing, data analysis, and so on.
We are part of a program called "Dock3 Training" (http://www.dock3.it/dock3training/) which is a business training course organized by the University of Roma Tre. In less than 2 months we have to present our idea to ask some funds to lunch our social startup. However, we want to go beyond this training course because we believe that this app could really help people with cancer and lead them to do physical exercise to improve their quality of life. So, we can create an Italian version of this app and other versions based on your country.
If you are interested in receive more details of our idea, please, contact me by answering to this post, contacting me on RG, or sending me an email (neuroscienzedelmovimento@gmail.com // antonio.defano.gf@gmail.com)
ps: if you want, you can also leave a comment to help us in developing this idea. We will really appreciate it!
Thank you so much for your attention.
Best Regards,
Antonio De Fano,
Ne.Mo. - Neuroscience and Movement
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Here in Spain you can get close with the IPEFC, they have a similar proje@ct and you can safely exchange information and resources. the website is IPEFC.ORG
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heat acclimatization can increase performance of athlete and occupational for physical activity in heat condition.
for this purpose we have to train for adaptation in heat condition regularly. but I have some question about chronic heat stress.
does living in heat climate can lead to chronic fatigue?
does hyperthermia and heat illness occur without any symptom chronically?
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Dear Seyyed,
Maybe the following papers will help you:
Qian S, Li M, Li G, Liu K, Li B, Jiang Q, Li L, Yang Z, Sun G. Environmental heat stress enhances mental fatigue during sustained attention task performing: evidence from an ASL perfusion study. Behav Brain Res 2015;280:6-15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432814007724?via%3Dihub
PUSPITA N, KURNIAWIDJAJA M, HIKMAT RAMDHAN D. Health Effect Symptoms Due to Heat Stress Among Gong Factory Workers in Bogor, Indonesia. In The 2nd International Meeting of Public Health 2016 with theme “Public Health Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals: The Challenges and Opportunities in Asia-Pacific Region”. KnE Life Sciences 2018;469-475. https://www.knepublishing.com/index.php/Kne-Life/article/view/2308/5104
Vargas N, Marino F. Heat stress, gastrointestinal permeability and interleukin-6 signaling - Implications for exercise performance and fatigue. Temperature (Austin) 2016;3(2):240-251. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4964994/pdf/ktmp-03-02-1179380.pdf
Otani H, Kaya M, Tamaki A, Watson P. Separate and combined effects of exposure to heat stress and mental fatigue on endurance exercise capacity in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017;117(1):119-129. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00421-016-3504-x
Robertson CV, Marino FE. Cerebral responses to exercise and the influence of heat stress in human fatigue. J Therm Biol 2017;63:10-15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456516301668?via%3Dihub
Best wishes from Germany,
Martin
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Is sport science about individual holistic approach, or inter-individual reductionistic specialism?
Should someone try to know as much as possible about everything related to the wide field of sport science (nutrition, mechanics, chemics, psychology, genes, pathways, etc. etc.)
Or should someone be a specialist in one or more fields and look for inter-individual coöperation?
Or both (but is this possible?)
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This answer to the auestion "Is sport science about individual holistic approach, or inter-individual reductionistic specialism?" comes from half a century of research experience, with my first scientific paper having been published in 1969. Wholism and reductionism are labels for formalistic conceptions that may exist in the conceptions of sport philosophers but rarely if ever comprise useful frameworks for research. At the outset of any research problem one rarely knows all of what will be needed to answer the question, and must add new knowledge as one moves along. Far more than first knowing all of what may be needed is choosing the most important problem that one has a reasonable chance of solving (i.e. working in the "Medawar Zone" as it has aptly been termed.
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Hello!
Can anyone suggest me researches about multidimensional models to evaluate and classify young (or not) soccer players according to their performance scores?
Ex.: score Z and other methods.
Thanks.
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Hello,
You can study this subject:
"The use of cluster analysis to evaluate the young soccer players"
Evaluation is comprehensive for all training cases
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I intend to use the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire (PCDEQ), developed and validated by MacNamara & Collins (2011, 2013), in a study in Portugal. In order to apply the questionnaire I tried to find one already translated to Portuguese or Spanish, but I didn't find available. If anyone have that document, please send me.
Thanks in advance.
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Dear Luís ,
Maybe the following paper will help you:
Ruiz-Barquín R, de la Vega Marcos R, García Carrión I. Spanish adaptation of "Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire" (PCDEQ). May 2014. Conference: XIV Congreso Nacional y I Internacional de Psicología de la Actividad Física y el Deporte., At Complejo Cultural San Francisco, Cáceres., Volume: ISBN: 978-84-7723-612-2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262493092_Spanish_adaptation_of_Psychological_Characteristics_of_Developing_Excellence_Questionnaire_PCDEQ
Best wishes from Germany,
Martin
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Thank you so much 
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what is the best mental test to assess the effect of dietary supplements on central fatigue after high intensity exercise?
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For mental cognitive testing, you may want to look at the Uchida-Kraepelin test. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Tower of London are also commonly used to assess flexibility and planning. Good luck!
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The effect of an acute exercise stimulus would last about 48 hours. If we perform cell cultures (lasting more than 48 hours) and then measure a protein or RNA, would that measurement really reflect the effect of acute exercise?
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Thank you for your response Anson Blanks. I don't think there is a doubt that cultured cells can not be directly compared with freshly isolated muscle cells. My question was about the detection of an exercise stimulus on cultured skeletal muscle cells.
I am not sure that a culture with post-exercise serum or whole blood would be a more close approach to in vivo situation, since both the blood composition and supply to skeletal muscle change after exercise, depending to individual characteristics (such as maximal heart rate, blood volume, VO2max, etc..). For example, after a very intensive/maximum exercise stimulus blood lactate could rise to a 20-fold increase two minutes after the end of the exercise with a half-life of 10 to 20 minutes. So, if we expose the culture to an immediate (1st to 2nd minute) post-exercise serum the serum would have at least a 10-fold difference in lactate concentration than post-exercise serum after 15 to 20 minutes.
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We are comparing caloric expenditure using METs to determine distances covered between different exercises.
Eg: what is the bicycling equivalent of walking in miles
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You can find MET charts of different activities in textbooks such as McArdle's "Exercise Physiology" or in the 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681120
You can compare the bicycling equivalent of walking in miles by comparing the total power (in Watt) of biking with the work produced by walking. However, keep in mind that the produced work depends on body mass, while the energy expenditure also depends on individual characteristics such exercise economy, oxygen consumption, etc.
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Patient is K3 and enjoys hiking and working out. His goals are that he would like to be able to squat at the gym and have greater stability on uneven ground when hiking. When he tries to squat his prosthetic foot lifts up and he would like it to stay level with the floor.
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The best one I have found for my patients with a symes amp is the flex symes prosthesis from Ossur.  Here is the info:
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Hi,
Did you notice that when you test your athletes on the treadmill  (during season few times) they try to remember previous result ( time or speed of treadmill when they stopped)??
What my point is that when I want to re - test and examine if their time - to exhaustion increased - my athletes have motivation to continue running until they beat their previous results but this is strictly mental/psycho ability(not because of training effects or acute supplementation e.g. some pre - workout).
Should I cover the treadmill screen to not show them what speed and time of exercise they reached and then re - test them after training period? 
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you can perform time limit test
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Have performed incremental CPETs (cycle ergometery) pre and post intervention, using indirect calorimetry. Each stage of the CPET is 3 minutes long, and total test duration 15-20min. I'm looking for opinions on what duration of time I should use to determine a mean for the end of each stage, and ultimately the VO2max value (ie.  last 60s, last 30s or last 10s of each stage). I've seen papers report all manner of durations, and often not report at all. Does anyone have a good justification/ paper for choosing how long to calculate from? 
Thanks
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Hi Andrew
You're right in that there is a wide range of reported values for sampling frequency to determine VO2max. A 10 second sample will give a greater chance of capturing a higher average, and that is why a large number of studies use 10 s averages. If you go up to 60 seconds, any peak VO2 may be inadvertently 'drowned out' by lower values earlier in the stage. A recent statement by Mezzani (2017) advocates 2-30 seconds. 
However, a recent statement by Poole & Jones (2017) has stated that ideally supra-maximal verification bouts should be conducted to ensure that VO2max has actually been obtained, otherwise the term VO2peak should be used.
Hopefully the following references may be of assistance:
Scheadler, C. M., et al. (2017). The Gas Sampling Interval Effect on VO2peak is Independent of Exercise Protocol. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. ePub ahead of Print. 
Hill, DW et al (2003). Effect of sampling strategy on measures of VO2peak obtained using commercial breath-by-breath systems. Eur J Appl Physiol, 89(6):564-9.
Poole, D. C. and A. M. Jones (2017). Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake Vo2max: Vo2peak is no longer acceptable. Journal of Applied Physiology 122(4): 997-1002.
Mezzani, A. (2017). Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Basics of Methodology and Measurements. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. In Press. 
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I don´t find any paper about the relation between neurotrophins NT3 and NT4 and exercise in human population, only i find papers in BDNF, 
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There's also this publication on NT4 in rat brain
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I want to know the suitable recovery duration when I use the interval training method for improving the speed or special endurance abilities which depend on anaerobic system of energy?
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The recovery between sets should be longer than between repetitions. A set of repetitions are to targetted to be at a certain intensity. There will be times when that intensity can not be maintained unless the recovery between the sets in allowed.
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We have a high intensity interval training on the water (canoe sprint)
1'20" work (100% VO2max) / 2' rest (55% VO2max) x 4 repeat x 4 sets.
We collected a blood simples at 3', 5', 8' and 10'.
All athletes are stayers. It was different results.
On average, results can be divided into two groups.
1 - La(mmol/l) 3.5 - 5.2 - 12.5 - 10.3
2 - La(mmol/l) 12.5 - 13.2 - 13.4 - 10.7
What does it mean?
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Interesting question, Dr. Zamotin.
I recommend you this article: "Lactate metabolism : a new paradigm for the third millennium" written by Dr. Gladden (2004). Despite the publishing date, you will be able to find the "state of art"of this subject and the precise value of your outcomes in the "lactate shuttle era"! 
Best regards
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If the number of reps changes through training sesions does the RPE too? Or is RPE kept between 8-9. What i mean is: i understand DUP programming; but a hypertophy set can be as high in RPE as a strenght one; that is why i'm asking.
Last question: wouldn't it be also interesting comparing RPE based training to % training; but instead of the classical approach using an encoder/accelerometer? (to have precise 1RM daily data)
thanks in advance
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@Benedikt Mitter  It's true that is not specified if it is either dynamic or static stretching, my bad i'm sorry i dont know why i suposed it. And about the velocity studies i mentioned i think is quite interesting the fact that such a non linear exercise as the pull up provides such similar results as the ones with the smith machine. However I'm really looking forward to see what results you guys get as I really hope that velocity based training  becomes to norm, provably due to my engeneering self wanting a physical magnitude to work with everyday.
Thank you for responding and i wish you the best luck with the participants and i hope noone drops :)
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I was wondering whether anyone could steer me in the direction of research that assessed changes in muscle activation during squats as the external load increases. 
For example, some individuals' technique unintentionally changes when external load surpasses >85% 1RM, resulting in a greater increase in hip-extensor activation in relation to knee-extensor activation. 
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dear friend
the fil  in the attachment can be a good help of you. If more help needed, let me know.
regards
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Considering the roles of lactate in our brain, I want to know if activities like mental tasks or neuro stimulation can change values of peripheral venous blood lactate.
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Thank you for the information professors! 
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I have read of lasers used to measure flex in a kayak paddle, but wonder if water displacement is more important than an indirect measure. But how can it be done on a lab and in the ocean?
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I came across this instrument which is a clip-on, so easy to use with existing gear. https://www.motionizeme.com/
It doesn't measure force, but if you integrate the data (and video) with good real-time speed measurement (so you get the change of velocity during the stroke), the 'skeptical young guys' will be able to observe the impact of changes to the stroke.
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does anyone have experience/references regarding exercise prescription/physical characteristics/ injury rate of long limbed athletes (basketball players in particular but not limited too)?  I'm interested in evidence of reduced balance, stability, core strength, body control, proprioception etc... 
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There is a high correlation between the legs to height. but there are other factors that also affect the balance of the body. Remember the principle of balance! muscle and ligament strength, density tulaang also influential. in this case the height (leg length also contributes to balance. So high it would be unstable (but check out, if a tall, thin or muscular?), when a tall, thin it will be more volatile and more increases the risk of injury, but if the height is great , muscles strong, broad pedestal base, it will be stable and less risk of injury.
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I am looking for un-published, grey (theses, conference papers) and in-press data comparing ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) to one of the following criterion measures, during resistance exercise (dynamic, eccentric and Isometric included): Workload, Heart Rate, Blood pressure, Blood lactate or EMG. 
This data is required for a meta-analysis looking at the validity of RPE as a measure of resistance exercise intensity.
You do not need to have completed statistical analysis comparing or correlated RPE to the criterion measure; If you have collected data for RPE and one of the criterion measures, I will just need sample sizes, means and SD's for each group/variable.
If you would be willing to share this data with me please let me know.
Regards
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have not done. in the near future I will try. thank you!
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Hi All,
If Carbohydrates are more effcient in regards ATP production per oxygen consumption why one of the main endurance adaptation is that athletes rely more on fat metabolism??? 
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One litre of oxygen used to burn fat provides less (8-15%) ATP than when used to burn sugar. Let's not forget that the glycogen stores in the muscles are limited. Thus, the use of fat as a substrate is essential.
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I’m pretty familiar with CrossFit, having once been a Level 2 CrossFit trainer and CrossFit Kids trainer but no longer associated with CrossFit, so I’m quite interested in your project. I read the two articles derived from that data collected during the “CrossFit Teens randomized control trial” and have a few questions. This is the first.
Thanks so much for your time.
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Para el crossFit en mi concepto resulta interesante revisar la planificación ondulatoria que propone Kramer y la metodología por carácter del esfuerzo, donde se podría mejorar la velocidad de las ejecuciones en el entrenamiento en aras de transferir desde tal forma de entrenar una mayor velocidad de ejecución que apunte a la eficiencia en la competencia
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Helo,
When to collect blood samples to asses highest peak of testosterone,cortisol, GH, and insulin after resistance strength exercise? What you recommend?
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Should I focus on the amount of muscle mass or muscle function in the sarcopenic elderly?
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This is an interesting question and at first glance one would argue 'why bother', as muscle function, and in particular force and power, are (primarily) determined by mass. However, the force and power generating capacity per unit muscle mass has been reported to be reduced in old age. When one really wants to assess the 'muscle quality' of a human muscle one quickly runs into a series of problems, as the force or power the muscle can generate is the outcome of many factors acting simultaneously, such as the extent of recruitment of the muscle, muscle architecture,  ultrastructure (is there more fat or connective tissue) and maybe there are even denervated fibres and a shift in fibre type composition.
To make matters even more complicated one may even ask if muscle contractile properties really determine the ability to perform tasks of daily life. As a mentor of mine says 'Old men become like young ladies' with which he means that the muscle size, and power and force generating capacity in older men look like those of younger women. It is clear that young women have no problem with balance or daily life activities, while they are somewhat  problematic in older man.
To make a long story short; in the end for daily life you are more interested in what the muscle can do, than how it gets it done. Though as a scientist I am curious to know how the muscle does what it does, and what might cause the impaired function in old age!
It is likely that there is a threshold below which further loss of muscle function does cause problems with daily life.
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The test NASA-TLX evaluates the load mental, but which would be the minimum of age preferred to perform this test?
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Not sure if a minimum age range was ever established for the NASA-TLX; the original guide document has not made reference to this. I'd be interested to hear if anyone has any information about age-ranges for use.
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I have a MS and am certified as an ANCC ACNP-BC with a BS in Exercise Science/ Pre-Med and an interest in preventive cardiology and wellness for 20 years. I created and worked as a Nurse Practitioner in Baystate Health Heart and Vascular Lipid Management Program, counseling on lifestyle modification for weight management, exercise and stress management/ mindfulness. I took an 8-week mindfulness program and practice it regularly. I am employed full time at UMASS Amherst College of Nursing as a Lecturer/ Clinical Placement Coordinator and was Lead Nurse Planner and Lecturer for a couple of symposiums incorporating Complimentary and Integrative Modalities with Preventive Cardiology and Wellness and Veteran's Issues.
I am enrolled in UMASS Amherst College of Nursing post completion DNP program with scheduled completion date of May 2018 and am interested in being certified as a Health Coach. 
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Hello Lori-Ann,
Please check out the NCCHWC, National Consortium for Credentialing Health and WEllness Coaches, www.ncchwc.org.  There is a list of educational programs that have received Transitional Approval, which allows their graduates to be eligible to sit for national exam.  I chair a master's level program educating integrative health coaches at California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco. http://www.ciis.edu/academics/graduate-programs/integrative-health-studies
Meg Jordan, PhD, RN, CWP, ACC - Dept. Chair and Professor
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We are doing a study on cutting maneuver in national squash players using kistelr force platform with 1000 Hz sampling rate. They are asked to do reactive agility task similar to work with young soccer players in the following paper: "Effect of Anticipation on Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Side- and Cross Cutting Maneuvers in Young Soccer Players.2014"  something raises our question when we were comparing our result to the findings reported in the attached file. as you see, the parameter Time to Peak Force in both Fz and fx seems too long (more than 0.5 second or above 500 ms) for a cutting task, in both anticipated and unanticipated conditions. based on our result the whole contact time during sidestep were less than 300 ms. I mean the time reported is too slow. Would you please explain about it?
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I believe that the time measured in this article began after passing through the photoelectric cell placed at 90% stride distance before the center of the force plate. The time between the onset and the peak of the ground reaction force curve should be much lower, in which case the time addressed in the article seems to be the interval between the passage through the cell and the peak of fx and fz.
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what is the role of 99mTc-DTPA exercise renogram in the evaluation of renal disorders ?  
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Interesting perhaps, but as renal ptosis can cause hypertension, there is a differential diagnosis to consider, and it is not straight forward. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628267/ Thus, one should check kidneys position and BP supine, and then repeat that erect, prior to exercise. Especially since ptosis repair is easy, with few complications.
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We are working on blood pressure responses during steady treadmill exercise. Rise in blood pressure occurs during the exercise. So can we use this difference as a Delta or not?
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It is perfectly normal to calculate the delta, as in figures 1C and 1F (representing responses in pulmonary arterial pressure) in the paper below.
Expressing the data in this way can give a better idea of the responses from pre  to post exercise situation. Maybe it is already your intention: why not taking different time points during/after the exercise? You could get pressure values every minute for example, to study its evolution during exercise, and the recovery pattern afterwards. It would give you a kinetic graph with delta values over time.
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Various techniques for measurement of body composition are commonly used in human performance laboratories. Some that are often seen are skinfold thickness measurements, BMI, bioelectrical impedance, DEXA, bod-pod etc.
What would be the best method/combination of methods for measuring body composition in athletes? Should there be a difference in methods used for high-intensity sports and low to moderate intensity sports and healthy non athletes?
What do you use in your lab and could you suggest some review on that topic or provide possible guidelines for that issue.
Thank you in advance,
Kind regards,
TinG
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All the answers are helpful, and I am agree with those. But you have to look to your available facilities and the available budget. Then based on it can choose the most accurate.
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I have not been able to find any studies measuring nitric oxide in the literature that have done a longer follow-up to acute exercise than a few hours. Specifically I am interested to know whether a single session in untrained individuals could result in increased NO approximately 24 hours later. Ideally I'd like to have a study to reference for this but I'm also just interested to know the thoughts of others who are familiar with this area .
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Thank you so much Martin! These articles were very helpful.
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I am thankful for any kind of literature to that topic.
Thank you
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Vorontsov A.R. (2010) Strength and power training in swimming. In: Seifert L., Cholett D. & Mujika I. (eds.) World Book of Swimming: From science to performance. Chapter 16. Nova Science Publishers.
Vorontsov A., Popov O., Binevsky D., Dyrko V. (2006) The assessment of specific strength in well-trained athletes during tethered swimming in the swimming flume. In “Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming X”. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming, 21-24 June 2006, Porto, Portugal, pp. 275-277.
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Although the new  IOC consensus statement has redefined the female triad terminology relative energy deficit (RED-S). 
What is known in this area and what is the role of a Physiotherapist to address the  issues in female athletes as a result of the triad???
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Dear Samantha,
Please, try to send the question to Rehabilitation Department at Aspetar Hospital: info@aspetar.com.
Regards,
Jomar Souza, M.D. - Sports Medicine Physician - Aspetar Hospital
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We are looking at anticipation of effort for an upcoming bout of exercise/physical activity.
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You are looking for a RPE scale pre-exercise?
It is so interesting! I dont find nothing about.
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I am looking for evidence-based approaches to selecting (and re-composing) high-performance teams from talented, high-performing individuals based on task/mission profiles and individual strengths and weaknesses. The goal is to produce a "star team" (as distinct form "team of stars") which is best for the task at hand, where individual strengths are magnified and individual weaknesses compensated or better still - converted into collective strengths.   
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Great pointer. Thank you, Dragos.
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Amount of daylight exposure is known to be a predictor for work-related stress and job satisfaction. However daylight exposure is not the same as 'time spending outside'. I am curious if there are studies around who investigated the relationship between time spending outside and e.g. stress, fatigue, mental health, etc. 
Or, what is the most suitable definition of 'time spending outside'?
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To study the race walking athletic discipline, I need a wearable system to measure spatial (step length) and temporal (contact time, flight time and step rate) variables in field conditions. The system must be able to compare left vs right legs, and also to show the mean values of both legs.
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 Dear friend:
To assess the Spatio-temporal variables of gait in field conditions you have 2 main options depends of the aim of your research.
The 2 options are:
1-    Pressure/contact/optical mats.
2-    Inertial movement units (IMUs). (accelerometer + gyroscope).
If your idea is evaluate the subject in a field test, both options are well. But, if you need a system to assess the training of the athletes or that the subject place and training itself and later you collect the data, the  IMUs is better because usually have a internal SD card to record by itself.
About the first option (Pressure/optical sensors), the most popular equipments are:
GaitRITE (pressure mat):   http://www.gaitrite.com
ProtoKinetics (pressure mat): http://www.protokinetics.com/zenowalkway.html
Optogait (optical bar): http://www.optogait.com
About the second option (IMU sensors) you can make your own system (only need buy some IMUs sensors and make your own software with matlab, C++ or similar, there are some manuscripts about the calculi of spatio-temporal parameters with IMU sensors (only search in PubMed or Medline) and you can place only one sensor in the sacrum or in both shanks.
 Or you can buy a commercial solution:
 I hope I have helped.
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We conducted a study where in 40 participants enrolled, underwent pre-intervention assessment and received the intervention. We had 10 people dropping out of the study mid way or did not complete post intervention assessment. Can we use intention to treat analysis? If so, how do we go about doing this for a single group design?
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Thanks Sofia for your comment and the link. I read a few more papers on ITT and get your point. 
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I wonder if there could be an association with partaking in regular HIIT and development of enduring fatigue in adults (especially those with a sedentary occupations in the absence of other health conditions)?   I would be interested to hear about:
- Research?
- Clinical Observations?
- Anecdotal Accounts? 
- Thoughts?
Many thanks,
Juliet :-)
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Professor Julien Baker at the University of the West of Scotland in Scotland UK has published a lot of work in this area and I am sure he has worked with non athletes have a chat with him he would be delighted to help if he can
Regards Bruce
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i have been training so hard for the past two weeks and today throughout the day I was having a running stomach. Last year I was training athletics team during their preparation for the cross-country competition, and most of them were complaining about their running stomach. I interviewed them about the type of diet and amount of fluid they are taking, but it was a good diet and approximately 5-8 litres of water they drank per day(before, during and after training). I'm trying to find out if you guys you have a solution for this encountered solution. i want to know the physiological changes that takes place in the body that resulted in this situation 
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Thank you to Laurent and Mary for covering a wide range of literature to give you a sound footing in understanding the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract - particularly during exercise.  One thing that hasn't been picked up is the sheer volume of water the athletes were consuming throughout the day.  Additionally, it is not clear as to whether the training camp was conducted in a different country than the athletes were usually training in - two things to clarify before making comparisons to your own circumstances.
Finally, these are seemingly well trained athletes familiar with increased training loads - your personal circumstances suggest you are not familiar with training loads therefore making the link between the two events difficult.    
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I wonder the exercise range (begin to stop), the angular speed of such isokinetic exercise for low back pain patients. Anyone have used this kind of exercise???
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Jin, I would read some of Stuart McGill's work.  His website is www.backfitpro.com and he is a professor at the University of Waterloo.  He does not recommend strengthening the spine through a range of motion with a load whether isokinetic of isotonic.  If the isokinectic exercise is done in a sitting position it places high load on the spine and if putting the spine through a range of motion (from flexion to neutral) reproduces the mechanism for herniating a disc (if done repeatedly).
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Where can I find some examples?
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I would suggest to forget about questionnaires for activity assessment as they are not very relialbe, especially in children (due to recall bias). Our approach is to use an activity monitor for objective measurements that is acceptable also for children. There are many devices on the market; one option that we have used extensively would be the StepWatch Activity Monitor. Cheers, Dieter...
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I am working with an adolescent (11-14 y) culinary skills intervention that includes a short 30 minutes of moderate physical activity. I remember previously reading that stretching is not needed based on the age of the participants, duration and intensity of the activity.
ACSM sources were not at all helpful.
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It depends if you are looking at stretching before exercise as a warm-up or after as a cool down. Depending on the intensity, after exercising is critical to ensure continued flexibility in the muscles that were exercised. This is important to avoid injury. As a warm-up it depends somewhat again on the level of intensity you start at. If you start at a lower intensity and then build to a higher one, stretching may not be as critical. However if you start at a moderate to high intensity, initial overall body movement to increase body temperature slightly followed by light stretching would be important.
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I am looking for a broad,"If-Then" approach not necessarily computer modelling.
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Yes , refer to tutorial given at webpage of act-r.
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I want to know if anyone has looked at feedback on exercise-induced mood as a method of promoting future activity intentions or behaviour.
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A review of the latest research provides clues about what motivates people to exercise and what keeps them coming back.
 
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Hi, 
How much time is possible to maintain workload related to second ventilatory threshold in cycling? I'm looking for any reference about that question, preferably with healthy active sample. 
Thanks! 
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Carlos, 
According to some previous tests that we did in our laboratory, we guess that "Tlim" at VT2 should be around 20-25 minuts. It's true that the relative load is linked with the protocol used to establish the intensity, in the same way that "Tlim" at MLSS intensity depends on the protocol actually used. Considering that, there are several studies showing that MLSS and VT2 intensities are in fact diferent physiological facts, "Tlim" at both intensities vary greatly.
There are lot of research works testing tlim at diferent intensities in percentage terms (between 85 and 95% of VO2max), that can help you to guess the answer you are searching.
We did a work where analised "Tlim" at MLSS and just tested the tlim at VT2 in two different subjets (not published as I told you previously), so feel free to read it if you consider interesting to do it.
Best regards,
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I need serious and potential collaborators to write with me a review on Perceived exertion? Please contact me through email: mhaddad@qu.edu.qa
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Dear Monoem, I am very happy to collaborate with you
All the best
jP
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I'm trying to find some test to asses knee stability different to Star Excursion Balance Test. I'm interested in any test which can be proved with athletes who have been undergone to a ACL operation and can be performed at field.
Thanks so much
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Hi Olga
I think cross over hop test is the best choice (depending on our experiences).
regard
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Could cerebral hipercapnia with normoxia serve as the trigger for epileptic seizure in maximal voluntary breath hold in epileptic freedivers? If not, are you aware of any known physiological associates that would increase risk of getting epileptic attack during static and dynamic breath hold? Due to diving reflex there is hipercapnia with hypoxia present in the entire body except brain where there is hypercapnia with normoxia.
Kind regards
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First of all, epileptics fail fitness for diving in most cases including freediving or apnea diving. Only when for long time free of seizures without anticonvulsants, normal EEG and without cerebral MRT-lesions, fitness for diving can be achieved.
Secondly, regardless of CO2-content, apnea/breathhold diving can lead to hypoxia what can be followed by sudden acute symptomatic loss of consciousness and motor controll also known as "Samba", which is self-limited in length.
For this kind of hypoxia, two mechanisms are responsible:
a) In deep diving, returning to surface is alsways associated with reduction of environmental pressure, what is followed by a reduction of oxygen-partial pressure in the lungs, what leads to redistribution of oxygen from bloodstream to alveoli and cerebral hypoxia - ascent black out.
b) In pool diving for distance, hyperventilation is performed for postponing inspiratory reflexes. If stimulus to breathe in again comes too late, hypoxia ocurrs and leads to sudden shallow water black out.
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Aerobic capacity of an individual differs from person to person. An endurance runner who performed TMT (Age: 39 yrs; 4th stage of Bruce Protocol for 12:00 min:s; 13.30 METS,  HR rest = 54 bpm; rose to a HR max = 171 bpm which is 94 % of the maximal age predicted heart rate), but the test was stopped due to safety of the athletes. How do we calculate his maximal aerobic capacity from sub-maximal exercise?
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You can use ACSM metabolic equations to calculate a predicted VO2max from any speed and grade on the treadmill.  The only problem is usually submaximal testing assumes a steady state heart rate during the exercise so pick a stage where the heart rate seemed to steady state.   It would probably be somewhere in the 3rd stage of the Bruce test if this is a healthy person.  The client should be walking at this stage.  If an athlete you could use the running equation which would be the speed and grade at the 4th stage. See the ACSM guidelines for the procedure to use these equations.  Hope this helps
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A lot of debate exists around which frailty measurement is best. Maybe we need two separate measurements - one for population health screening, and one for clinical assessment? Let me know what you think.
Cheers,
Elsa
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That's a good question. Can you please elaborate on the debate for those of us who are not doing health research? Why can't we use the same measurement  (such as grip-strengt) to assess both good health and frailty in clinical populations?
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Most of the longitudinal studies on the cardiac adaptation to exercise training seems to report on wall thickening and moderate increase in internal ventricular diameter at best, with some notable exceptions, e.g.:
Any observations and considerations how to effectively induce "physiological" ventricular chamber expansion are welcomed. Also are speculations/hypotheses on the means to induce longitudinal (apex to valves) left ventricular enlargement. 
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  1. there must be a balance between thickness and chamber increase... a bigger heart will eject a bigger quantity of volume, but it will need a bigger push too; so you should look the relation of those two factors, chamber increase and myocardial hypertrophy.
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It is well known that in rigid body, there are 2 ways to representing rotations in 3D: Euler and Quaternion. Empirically, has been noted that both methods have advantages (In Euler there's not redundancy and Quaternions there are stable interpolations of possible rotations) and disadvantages (In Euler exists the gimbal lock singularity and Quaternions there are redundancy by using 4 values to represent the DOF or degrees of freedom). Nevertheless, i've not found a technical and measurement report about when is recommended use Quaternions vs Euler representation, e.g. (recording a complex sport gesture, or recording a simple movement gesture). Even, in the ISB (international society of biomechanics) recommendations on definitions of joint coordinate system of joints for human analysis, there's no given an explanation of using an Euler representation in human motion.
Thanks
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I'm using quaternions, but it does not help in answering your question. So, please, let me intriduce you with Dr. Chris Kirtley who asked the very same question than yours 15 years ago (http://biomch-l.isbweb.org/threads/11415-Summary-Quaternions-vs-Euler-angles). He said : "I guess it's time I summarized the great quaternion debate. To remind you, I asked why quaternions (otherwise known as Euler parameters) seem to be used as the standard method for representaing motion in computer animation and video games, but are not so often used in biomechanics. It seems that, whilst quaternions have advantages in terms of lack of gymbal lock, and insensitivity to round-off errors, they suffer from problems of interpretation in terms of meaningfully clinical or anatomical angles. As Joe Sommer and Bruce MacWilliams suggest, the best compromise is perhaps to use quaternions for intermediate calculations, then convert to Euler angles at the end." I do share their advice; using quaternions for math, and convert to Euler at the end to help our 3D-limited brain.
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I came across data from Osteopathy but missing evidence based data from Physical Therapy. All about Diagnosis/Red Flags, Prevention and treatment is welcome. Thank you!
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does aerobic exercises positively affect/delay diabetes in pre diabetic?
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