Excavation - Science method

Hi Nishan. Not my area of expertise, but can provide a few pointers. Primarily, in a blast design, one can vary the pattern and powder to rock ratio to minimise vibration. To reduce the risk of structural damage, one needs to know what is the maximum tolerable particle velocity that the structure can sustain without or negligible damage. For man made structures, there is a maximum allowable deflection, while for naturally occurring structures, such as slopes (typically with blocks failure as the main failure type) one can work out the maximum particle velocity that will not reduce the shear strength along the discontinuity. Once you know your limits, one also need to now the rock mass properties, such as fracture distribution patterns and discontinuity characteristics. One can employ pre-drilling (split -blast with delays)along the back of a blast to achieve separation from the main rock mass, however, this will make the blast less economic and altering the powder ratio or the pattern may be more practical. But as always, one needs to know the conditions and limits before one can consider the solutions.

I'm glad I could help Gonzalo Javier Rodriguez Carpio :-) Let me know if you have any more questions about micro-excavation at the lab.

Best,

Maria

Hello, find the softwares like PLAXIS3D, FLAC3D and also ABAQUS are useful for simulating your problem..ok all the best in your research..

Yes, to some degree, these type activities may affect soil stability and also soil vibrations in some instances and for some distance. Quakings maybe. I dont know about volcanic eruptions, that seems a far reach. But the activities mentioned can also influence groundwater flow patterns.

There are some TBMs in mining projects (I personally I have participated in pre-feasibility studies and it is becoming a more interesting/feasible excavation method in mining access and developments). What to say in Stillwater mine, used for many years now!

According to the following paper, around 100 TBMs have been used in mining projects (2016) but those are already published, it might be presumed a few more. Obviously, if we compare with civil tunnels, the difference is significant.

TUST-Challengesandopportunitiesofusingtunnelboringmachinesinmining.pdf

Following

Dear Anouar,

Thank you for your interest in my project.

In my project I have just considered Truck-Shovel and IPCC systems. Bucket wheel excavators are not included in the scope of my proejct. Nevertheless, it would be interesting if you can do such a comparison in your work.

Actually, this project is my Ph.D. thesis and I have to develop it alone. But still we can work in other frames e.g. papers for conferences, articles etc.

Best regards,

Hossein

Jeśli jest Pan zainteresowany dam znać, gdy ukaże się ten tekst poświęcony znaleziskom z Kujaw.

Pozdrawiam, Bartosz Kontny

It is a very Interested question

These links may help you

Please have a look at some interesting work..

You should be able to check whether the software takes account of in-plane actions form the stress outputs in the software (I assume it provides you with this). I would expect that the in-plane loads would increase the capacity of your slab with the caveat that the second order effects are low (which should be derived by hand and added as pure bending to your model).

Dear Sir,

pl check it.

Look at this doc it may be helpful for your topic. Good luck.

Please tell me more.

The 2003 review paper by Jing is one of the most highly cited papers in rock mechanics and provides an extensive review on numerical modelling related to rock engineering. Also, a lot of work done by Giovanni Barla is related to analyzing rock behaviour and numerical modelling of rock in tunnelling applications.

It's not very hard. In the tunnel option of PLAXIS software, you can model it by chaning in degree and length of segments.

The cost depends on the geographic locality. However, if you assume an excavation cost of around 60 US$/cu.m. solid rock you will not be to far from the reality. 

Actually this problem is quite interesting and requires background knowledge of the convergence-confinement method which has been widely adopted for sequentially excavated rock tunnel. In Plaxis 2D, the Mstage function allows users to define the percentage of stress release at various excavation stages. For instance, provided that Mstage is 0.2, this means the value of belta is equal to 0.8, thus leading to 80% loads acting upon ground. In summary, if you encounter stiff rock, i.e., grade II granite, you could choose belta=0.8 and the remaining 20% loads will be distributed to the erected supporting system.  

Hello Claudia.

Perhaps this articles can approach to the topic.

Best.

i have two suggestions based on seeing pottery in Pompeii from two gardens - the holes are large because the pot was potentially used to establish a plant - the holes may have been smaller to start with and made larger to allow the root system to eventually grow larger and penetrate soil - and become established.  Eventually the pot is removed.  This is a practice through time when you have a precious but vulnerable young plant - a staged planting out, where the pot forms protection and an attractive container until the plant is mature.  I also don't discount the sieving idea as from the hisotrical sources, textiles, such as silk or linen were used especially to filter liquids, especially wine, (or curds from whey, etc)

The dilation of granular material continues at all possible pressures and densities at the normal temperature. However, at significantly high pressure this effect is reduced. Assuming the unit weight of sand to be 16 kNm^-3 the net pressure intensity for 20m deep excavation is 320 kPa. The effect of dilation at such a pressure is essentially significant. The proportion of fines, damage of particles and void ratio may further influence the dilation of granular materials. You may refer to the famous work of Professor M.D.Bolton [Bolton MD (1986) The strength and dilatancy of sands. Geotechnique, 36(1):65–78]. The effect of dilation is multi-fold if excavation consists of rock masses [Doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.05.005]

There are the Iron Age burials from MacArthur’s Cave in the article by Saville and Hallén in Antiquity.  Also, how about the cisterns in brochs, said by various people, e.g. Mike Williams in his Prehistoric Belief book, to be like Mine Howe?  Could you see Neolithic tombs as being thought of by Iron Age people as a kind of cave, suitable for offerings, as at Calf of Eday Long (Calder's excavations).

Randall,

My project has used iPads and FileMaker Pro for the past three seasons, and I have been pleased with the results. I've got a couple of chapters in project interim reports that describe our system in general and the problems we've encountered. I've also pasted a link to another article that might be helpful.

Good luck!

I hope this attached paper may be useful.

We have published a paper on this topic in the Journal of tunnels and tunnelling.Singh, S.P. and Zoldy, Derek, "Drilling Dilemmas" Journal of Tunnels and Tunneling, April-May 2014, pp.34-39.

Another Reference: A paper presented in the Annual conference , Tunneling Association of Canada,2012.

Singh, S.P. and Zoldy, Derek ,"Choice between tunnel boring machine and drill and blast system. 

Since the implementation of the Malta principles by the Flemish government there has been a rise in so-called grey excavation reports by private companies. Officially a copy of each report has to be send to the Flemish Heritage Institute (Agentschap Onroerend Erfgoed), which will be preserved in their library in Brussels. You will be able to find at least a series of these reports there. I do not know how accessible these reports are and if you can read them online. You can contact their librarian  Alexis Wielemans (  https://www.onroerenderfgoed.be/nl/diensten/bibliotheek/). Old excavation reports by the former Flemish Archaeological Institute, which are published in their series (Relicta, Archeologie in Vlaanderen) are accessible online (https://oar.onroerenderfgoed.be/).

Some private companies have put their reports on their own website where you can download them. A list of the archaeological companies you ind on the following website: http://www.vona.be/index.php?pag=3. But it will take a lot of time to check them.

Kind regards,

Guy De Mulder

Thanks a lot Renato ,for helpful answer.It was really complete!!!!!!!!!

I excavated the remains of several dogs from the entrance passage of the chambered cairn at Point of Cott on Westray in Orkney {Barber, 1997}, with some radiocarbon dates associated.

Thank you for your answer. I need to calculate lateral pressure on the pile as well as vertical movement of the foundation. How can I attach load cell without hampering the experiment condition ( a load cell attached to the pole head would act like a bracing).

Thank you

Thank you for answering my question