Ethics - Science topic

Paulo Freire propuso una nueva concepción de la educación. Una de sus características principales es concebirla como una práctica emancipadora. Esta concepción ha sido fuente de inspiración en recientes desarrollos de la teoría de la objetivación (TO), por ejemplo, en conceptos como la subjetividad, la alienación y la ética comunitaria. El objetivo...

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is rapidly transforming the teaching and learning paradigm. Recent systematic reviews have revealed a surge in research examining the efficacy, implementation, and potentialities associated with AI in education. This trend reflects a growing acknowledgment of its capacity to revolutionize...

QUOTATION / CITATION : "Knowledge of Science, without conscience, is the ruin of the soul. / "Science sans conscience, n'est que ruine de l'âme." François Rabelais (1483-1553). - KEY-WORDS / MOTS-CLES : Academic Integrity / Agnotologe ("sciences de l'ignorance", Robert Proctor, 1992) / ALLEA (Berlin, 2017)/ Code de Conduite européen pour l'Intégrit...

This chapter delves into the critical topic of promoting digital citizenship in Society 5.0, specifically through the lens of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Intelligence (CI) education. As our world becomes increasingly digitized and AI-driven, it is essential to equip individuals with knowledge, skills, and ethical understanding to navi...

This chapter investigates the groundbreaking job of artificial intelligence driven risk forecast models in improving pandemic readiness and worldwide wellbeing security. AI technologies have emerged as essential tools for early detection, risk assessment, and management of infectious disease outbreaks in light of the increasing frequency and comple...

This poster presents a novel artificial rectal training model designed for surgical residents and medical students to practice Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) and rubber band ligation procedures. Traditionally, animal stomachs have been used for training, but this new model provides an ethical, cost-effective, and hygienic alternative.

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While the concept of responsible AI is becoming more and more popular, practitioners and researchers may often struggle to characterize responsible practices in their own work. Using a hands-on approach – where participants are invited to discuss terminology from their own perspectives – this tutorial aims to illustrate the application of responsib...

Advances in technologies are reconfiguring practical, analytical, and spatial dimensions of work(places) and the nature of work itself. The long-term impact of these innovations remains unclear, leaving managers and leaders struggling to understand how to capitalize on their potential benefits whilst also avoiding the downsides. We invite submissio...

This seminar will provide an overview of the role of AI in research, focusing on insights from major academic publishers and journals. We will review their guidelines and policies across different stages of the academic publishing process, highlighting ethical considerations in adopting AI. Additionally, journal editors from various disciplines wil...

The involvement of artificial intelligence in the creation of dance art is a phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the current field of dance art. The deeper the involvement of artificial intelligence in the art of dance, the more unclear the boundaries of the art of dance, resulting in ethical issues such as the impact of individual emotions, socia...

Telemetry data is essential for optimizing VR systems and poses privacy risks due to re-identification vulnerabilities. Our study introduces a privacy-preserving framework using Wasserstein GANs with Gradient Penalty to generate synthetic datasets that retain the statistical integrity of real data while mitigating re-identification risks. Different...

ABSTRACT: This study examines the impact of one of the AI conversational tools, ChatGPT-4, on learning outcomes in construction management courses. Focusing on the Site Management course, the same exam questions were administered to both students and ChatGPT-4. This evaluation was conducted in two phases midterm and final exams where the performanc...

The rapid rise of Generative AI in education has brought transformative potential. However, there is limited empirical insight into the factors influencing students’ use of these tools and their impact on academic performance. Specifically, research has not thoroughly examined how task-technology fit and behavioral factors shape Generative AI usage...

This paper is a theoretical study that responds to the call of the special issue of the journal by deepening perspectives of “other” educations in scientific education affected by global emergencies. Through dialogue with discussions in the fields of political ecology, education, and environmental education, we identify contemporary pathways for a...

Sağlık sektöründeki teknolojik gelişmeler, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi dünya genelinde artırmıştır. Artan sağlık harcamaları, yaşlanan nüfus, uzun bekleme süreleri ve belirli tıbbi prosedürlerin yüksek maliyetleri, bireyleri sağlık hizmetleri almak üzere ülkeler arası yolculuklara sevk etmektedir. Bu durum, sağlık turizmini, birçok ülke için önemli...

Comment la transition énergétique mondiale impacte écologiquement et éthiquement le Sud-est du Congo sur l’extraction minière de Cobalt

Animal use in the film, TV, and advertising industries is largely unregulated, which has given rise to numerous welfare issues and complaints over the years. In this study, through interviews and surveys conducted with industry stakeholders, including animal handlers, production teams, and other crew members, we have sought to explore the motivatio...

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the field of education is undergoing profound changes, posing new challenges and opportunities for teachers in terms of role, professional identity, and professional development. This paper first analyzes the connotation of teacher identity, encompassing role identity, professional i...

This research contributes to understanding how podcast intimacy shapes the evolving relationship between journalists and their audiences in the digital age. Intimacy in podcasting refers to creating a close emotional connection between journalist and audience, facilitated by this audio format and the growth of headphone—and earbud—listening. Podcas...

Student Life and Ethics: How to Build a Responsible Future.? Abstract. Today, in a competitive environment, students' development of character and behavior is heavily influenced by ethics and values. This paper examines the significance of ethics, morality and integrity in both academic and personal contexts. ". It also addresses the issues of stud...

This paper presents Agentic RAG, a new framework of retrieval augmented generation complemented with autonomous learning. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a novel paradigm that unifies the advantages of generative and retrieval systems to improve the quality and the relevance of responses in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. We discus...

La ética del turismo se sirve de las herramientas conceptuales de la filosofía moral para contribuir a una reflexión crítica y compleja sobre el turismo. Esto, en última instancia, nos puede ayudar a repensar los modelos de ciudades y sociedades que deseamos.

This study examines the often-overlooked relationship between exemplary employee behavior and pro-organizational behavior (UPB) through the lens of Cognitive Appraisal Theory. While exemplary employees are typically seen as role models for their dedication and high performance, this research reveals that under organizational pressure, such employee...

Introduction. Revising AI lifecycle models has drawn the attention of scholars from different areas because of the advances in AI technology. Many AI lifecycle models have been proposed. However, no systematic review of current AI lifecycle models has been found. This study aims to review and synthesize AI lifecycle models in current literature fro...

O estudo problematiza a relação entre a formação do pensamento histórico e do pensamento crítico por meio do diálogo, categoria de conexão de visão de mundos, por meio de ensaio de prática através de debates que incentivassem a participação e o interesse dos e das estudantes em sala de aula com Questões Socialmente Vivas. Durante a prática com deba...

Resumen Ante la pregunta por la ética, política y estética en la formación de nuevas ciudadanías universitarias se opta por no responder con los discursos oficiales de teleologías formativas e ideales sociales, sino con base en lo que se ve y lo que se hace en algunas universidades. Al parecer, esta tríada es una invocación que choca con la realida...

Este estudo visa aprofundar a compreensão das complexidades éticas e da qualidade de vida no trabalho para profissionais do Secretariado Executivo, utilizando abordagem qualitativa, com métodos como pesquisa bibliográfica, análise do discurso francesa e abordagem autoetnográfica. O objetivo geral foi compreender como o profissional de Secretariado...

In the care sector, professionals face numerous challenges, such as a lack of resources, overloaded wards, physical and psychological strain, stressful constellations with patients and cooperation with medical professionals. Care robots are therefore increasingly being used to provide relief or to test new forms of interaction. However, this also r...

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence powered chat tool that accomplishes essential work with its language understanding and text generation capabilities, has started to benefit education and many other areas with new updates. This study predicted the ability to create a number sense achievement test with ChatGPT version 3.5. It showed that the test...

Including women in research and collecting and disaggregating data on sex is an ethical imperative. However, increasingly gender identity is being prioritised over sex in data collection and language which has ethical implications. In this paper, the authors share their experiences as study participants; a health consumer advocate, patient research...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has promoted application and development of self-driving cars. However, when self-driving cars encounter ethical dilemma, it is still hard to make a satisficing and clear decision-making by these present moral rules and mechanisms, which makes people distrust in self-driving cars in real life. It is necessary to design...

Esta obra examina el impacto disruptivo de las tecnologías digitales en la educación superior, resaltando su influencia en las metodologías pedagógicas, los perfiles profesionales y la relación entre el aula y la sociedad. A lo largo de sus capítulos multidisciplinarios, explora aplicaciones que van desde el ámbito de la salud hasta el uso de asist...

De acordo com o Conselho Federal de Enfermagem muitos procedimentos podem ser realizados por enfermeiros, visto que possuem competência técnica, científica, ética e legal para tal. Nesse contexto, o conhecimento da anatomia é indispensável para a atuação profissional, não há como um enfermeiro atuar sem ter pleno domínio dos conhecimentos relativos...

Стаття присвячена дослідженню філософії довіри данського мислителя і теолога Кнуда Ей­лера Льоґструпа (1905–1981) як основи мораль­ного виховання в освітньому середовищі. Автор актуалізує ключові концепти, запропоновані К. Е. Льоґструпом, такі як «етичний запит» та довіра, які розглядаються не лише як міжособистісні феномени, але й як базові складо...

In the large family of Vietnamese ethnic groups, the Pa Then people are one of the ethnic minority groups with a very small population (less than 1,000 people), mainly living in Ha Giang province. Although their number is not large, the Pa Then people still preserve their unique cultural features, especially their treasure trove of folk tales. Thes...

There does not exist any previous comprehensive review on AI ethics in child health or any guidelines for management, unlike in adult medicine. This review describes ethical principles in AI for child health and provides recommendations for child-centered medical AI. We also introduce the Pediatrics EthicAl Recommendations List for AI (PEARL-AI) fr...

This study aims to examine the impact of the credibility of Family Planning (KB) counselor communication and community participation on the success of the Population, Family Planning, and Family Development (KKBPK) program. Using a descriptive quantitative methodology, data were collected through ethical sampling techniques from a sample of 100 Fer...

Miyazaki International College Journal of Comparative Culture Vol 29. This article reports on a survey carried out in November, 2023, which investigated students’ awareness of AI translation tools and generative AI and their opinions about the ethics of using AI. According to Warschauer et al., (2023), universities have a responsibility to teach st...

Este segundo volumen ofrece una mirada crítica y propositiva sobre la integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el ámbito universitario. Más allá de exponer los desafíos y oportunidades que representa, la obra invita a una reflexión profunda sobre su implementación ética y efectiva en los procesos educativos. Asimismo, lejos de limitarse a...

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly become central to various applications and interact with diverse user populations, ensuring their reliable and consistent performance is becoming more important. This paper explores a critical issue in assessing the reliability of LLMs: the consistency between their words and deeds. To quantitatively exp...

While Michel Foucault did not directly address artificial intelligence (AI) in his work, his philosophical concepts on power, surveillance, and the relationship between knowledge and society provide an invaluable framework for understanding the ethical implications of AI technologies. This paper explores how Foucault's ideas, particularly those in...

Introdução: A globalização impôs ao mundo a necessidade de agir de maneira cooperativa. Forçando o sistema vigente a se adaptar às mudanças sociais, especialmente no que diz respeito à internacionalização das violações relacionadas à saúde. O programa de compliance, emergiu a partir da legislação dos Estados Unidos e com o passar dos anos, passou a...

In this article, we provide ways in which AI and Robotics can help in the tedious work of interviewing in ethical ways. The interviews can be about employment, performance, or even job termination. The article discusses many use cases and advantages for handling the solutions for the problem in ethical ways. Ultimately, we affirm ethical concerns t...

INTRODUÇÃO: O pensamento crítico é essencial na formação de profissionais de saúde, especialmente em um contexto de desinformação e charlatanismo. O ensino tradicional, muitas vezes teórico, limita a aplicação prática do conhecimento. Metodologias ativas, como a gamificação, surgem como alternativas eficazes. Este relato descreve o desenvolvimento...

This paper examines the critical challenges and potential solutions for conducting secure and effective external evaluations of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models. With the exponential growth in size, capability, reach and accompanying risk of these models, ensuring accountability, safety, and public trust requires frameworks that go beyond tradition...

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are permeating all domains of our lives. Aside from the many opportunities they raise, their deployment can also hamper individual and societal interests. To counter these risks, regulators across the globe are therefore adopting normative initiatives to govern the technology. While these mostly consist of the p...

O presente capítulo oferece uma revisão atualizada sobre as questões éticas que envolvem a aplicação da inteligência artificial (IA) na educação. Com isso, pretende-se refletir e discutir sobre a responsabilidade da comunidade universitária no assentimento deste desafio, cada vez mais presente no âmbito acadêmico. Ao longo deste capítulo serão abor...

The contribution explores the material and immaterial landscapes of fashion, particularly with reference to the Italian context. On one hand, it focuses on the material landscapes, analyzing the manufacturing and production reality through the added value of textile waste in the supply chain. On the other hand, the immaterial landscapes concentrate...

The introduction of transformer architecture was a turning point in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Models based on the transformer architecture such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) have gained widespread popularity in various applications such as software development...

On 30 and 31 May 2025, The Center for the Study of Bioethics, The Hastings Center and The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics organized in Montenegro a conference: “Existential Threats and Other Disasters: How Should We Address Them?”. The conference built on the Center for the Study of Bioethics’ tradition of bringing together top experts in...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has introduced transformative advancements in academic integrity and plagiarism detection within educational institutions. This study explores how AI-driven tools are reshaping the landscape of academic honesty by enabling efficient and precise detection of plagiarised content, particularly in the face of sophisticated...

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly powerful and accessible to human users, ensuring fairness across diverse demographic groups, i.e., group fairness, is a critical ethical concern. However, current fairness and bias research in LLMs is limited in two aspects. First, compared to traditional group fairness in machine learning classif...

El presente texto es producto de un conjunto de reflexiones en torno a la educación ambiental y su relación con la ética comunitaria en México, con énfasis en las comunidades étnicas y rurales del país. El objetivo principal consiste en argumentar que estos grupos culturales poseen una educación ambiental vinculada a una ética comunitaria, lo cual...

I megen moderne politisk filosofi og etik antages det, som hos John Rawls let, at vi kan debattere ud fra en uvidenheden, der er blevet sløret i en original position, hvor vi ikke i forvejen kender vore privilegier. Den antagelse er imidlertid meget privilegeret og er knyttet til Vestens bedrevidende stærkt oplyste og forhandlende ofte hvide mænd m...

El ejercicio de la medicina es una práctica ejercida desde el inicio de la humanidad, pues más que una función de carácter social sin pretender demeritar en lo absoluto el servicio que prestan las personas dedicadas a ello, desde sus inicios ha constituido una permanente necesidad por razones obvias. El juramento hipocrático se adapta conforme las...

Outline of my ethical theory, evolutionary intuitionism

User privacy dances a precarious tango with progress in the digital era, often reduced to a simplistic binary. "Beyond the Binary" transcends this false dichotomy, exploring the nuanced engineer's perspective on safeguarding user data. Real-world case studies and expert insights unveil the ethical melodies hidden within code, while our groundbreaki...

El artículo explora la dimensión disruptiva y transformadora del encuentro con el Otro en la filosofía de Emmanuel Lévinas. A través de una crítica incisiva a la tradición filosófica occidental, Lévinas destaca la importancia de una ética basada en la alteridad radical y la responsabilidad infinita. En ella se vuelve fundamental el concepto de acon...

En este trabajo se analizan tres prácticas a un tiempo éticas y estéticas: el tatuaje, el culturismo y la modificación corporal extrema. Las tres son prácticas autopoiéticas y las tres están referidas también a aquello que ante todo somos: cuerpo. Las tres son, por tanto, lo que hemos dado en llamar prácticas de sentido, capaces de anudar y dar dir...

La roboética y los derechos de los robots en México: un desafío ético y legal _______________________ A roboética e os direitos dos robôs no México: um desafio ético e legal _______________________ Roboethics and robot rights in Mexico: an ethical and legal challenge RESUMEN La rápida evolución de la inteligencia artificial y la robótica plantea in...

In an era of increasingly dynamic globalization, education faces the challenge of producing relevant research that reflects diverse cultural perspectives (Hug, 2023; Gumbo et al., 2024). Each nation brings a unique approach rooted in local values and history to understanding educational phenomena. The tradition of academic research demonstrates the...

We paraphrase Descartes' famous dictum in the area of AI ethics where the "I doubt and therefore I am" is suggested as a necessary aspect of morality. Therefore AI, which cannot doubt itself, cannot possess moral agency. Of course, this is not the end of the story. We explore various aspects of the human mind that substantially differ from AI, whic...

Nuevas condiciones imponían líneas de trabajo que posibilitaran al sector rural pobre acceder al mercado con sus productos, afrontando desafíos de competitividad hacia una “comercialización en grande”. La búsqueda de una articulación ventajosa hacia el mercado también estuvo encaminada a “lograr encadenamientos productivos” e ir más allá de los pro...

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has empowered cybercriminals to launch sophisticated attacks that bypass traditional defenses. These AI-powered cyberattacks-ranging from automated phishing and adversarial AI evasion to deepfake fraud-pose unprecedented threats to global cybersecurity. This review examines the evolution and mul...

In both research and practice, gaining assent from participants is an ethical imperative in applied behavior analysis. Recent guidance for including assent-based procedures has been provided in the literature (Breaux & Smith, 2023). However, limitations for decision-making when working with individuals who have developmental disabilities and comple...

This study explored the attitudes and perceptions of Algerian Academic Staff toward using artificial intelligence in higher education. The study investigated the challenges and prospects of this advanced technology and measured the readiness of Algerian universities to adopt it. The study's significance lies in uncovering the potential of utilizing...

La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) está revolucionando la producción radiofónica, ofreciendo ventajas significativas sobre los métodos tradicionales. La IA, como ya hizo la digitalización, cuestiona las estructuras y rutinas productivas existentes, obligando a la industria a adaptarse a cambios tecnológicos y de mercado. En este traba...

The integration of Islamic finance with dental healthcare presents a promising approach to addressing the rising demand for affordable and ethical healthcare solutions in Pakistan. Grounded in Sharia principles, Islamic finance promotes equity, risk-sharing, and social welfare, making it a viable framework for supporting healthcare initiatives.

Trotz all diesen Bemerkungen von einschraenkendem Charakter gelten für uns diese beiden Typen der spezifisch ethischen Urteilsbildung, d.h. die "formale" und die "materiale" Ethik sowohl in ihrer singulaeren strukturellen Beschaffenheit wie auch in ihrer unaufhörlichen Koexistenz und Rivalitaet als die bestimmendsten Phaenomene nicht nur einer Gesc...

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) anthropomorphic agencies on human-machine relations is a complex and intricate topic that has garnered considerable interest in several academic fields. This article examines various studies exploring AI's potential implications on human-machine communication. This article also examines anthropomorphized c...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the field of medicine, particularly in invasive radiology. EMILI AI-driven technologies have enhanced imaging techniques, improved diagnostic accuracy, and optimized patient care. This paper explores the integration of EMILI AI in invasive radiology, focusing on its applications, benefits, c...

Public security is one of the most important themes that have been discussed in treatises on governance ethics such as Sir al-Muluk, and rulers have always been advised to protect and strengthen it. In the meantime, Dastur al-Katib fi Zazah al-Morattab, written by Muhammad Bin Hindushah Nakhjavani, one of the educational treatises of Diwani teacher...

As preprints grow in popularity, one researcher takes stock of the benefits and challenges for the AI ethics field.

La Política de la Liberación de Enrique Dussel tiene en Política Latinoamericana (1979) el volumen inicial de un notable esfuerzo filosófico que ha devenido en una filosofía política transmoderna. Esta obra (editada bajo el título de Filosofía Ética Latinoamericana IV) es la simiente que veremos profundizada tres décadas después, en especial en sus...

A finalidade é verificar a integração de princípios éticos na inovação das Startups, as estratégias, os desafios e os impactos das práticas inovadoras. Utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa empregou estudos de casos e entrevistas para investigar práticas éticas em Startups. Observando o resultado que as Startups demonstram um compromisso...

The role of the media is critical in promoting good governance and controlling corruption. The media raises public awareness by investigating incidents of corruption and reporting them to the public through various channels. The effectiveness of the media depends on factors such as access to information, press freedom, media plurality, and a profes...

Moving beyond dominant narratives as senior healthcare leaders being either 'hero's or villains' and investing in developing psychologically, morally and ethically healthy leaders. This paper reviews the context of healthcare leaders, initial evidence outlining the impact of leading and guidance for creating morally centred organisations.

Hintergrund Die zunehmende Einführung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in die Rechtsmedizin, ähnlich wie in anderen Bereichen der Medizin, ist absehbar. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklung stellt sich die Frage nach den Herausforderungen, die mit dem Einsatz von KI in der Rechtsmedizin verbunden sind – eine Thematik, die bisher kaum behandelt wu...

O turismo reprodutivo, turismo da fertilidade ou cuidados reprodutivos transfronteiriços são denominações da subcategoria do turismo médico com a finalidade de constituição de prole, ou família, através da utilização das técnicas de reprodução assistida. Esta prática médica está cada vez mais em ascensão, sendo o Brasil um país com notoriedade lega...

The research aims to identify the features and risks of integrating artificial intelligence into journalism, which has raised questions and challenges regarding how to deal technically with this new technology, and the ethical considerations involved. The potential dangers of using this technology to spread extremist content by groups that practice...

The development of Open-Source Software (OSS) projects relies on the collaborative work of contributors, generally scattered around the world. To enable this collaboration, OSS projects are hosted on social-coding platforms like GitHub, which provide the infrastructure to host the code as well as the support for enabling the participation of the co...

No Brasil, a Política Nacional de Humanização da Atenção e da Gestão (PNH) do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) visa qualificar as práticas clínicas dos profissionais de saúde, enfatizando a dimensão socioafetiva do cuidado ao paciente. Nesse contexto, os cursos de Odontologia propõem-se a tornar-se espaços de educação humanizadora, norteados pelas Dire...

Nothing makes the interpretation of Romans 13:1–7 more problematic than the active presence of repressive regimes around the world. The controversies that the interpretations of the text have raised over the centuries have not been whittled down, particularly in Africa. The text has more often than not been invoked to silence oppositions and critic...

Entre 2019 e 2020, o mundo enfrentou uma grave crise sanitária causada pela pandemia de Covid-19, levando à adoção de medidas de controle, como o distanciamento social. Embora essas medidas fossem necessárias, o distanciamento social impactou negativamente a saúde mental de diversos grupos etários, incluindo crianças em idade escolar, afetando seu...

AI is playing a pivotal role in shaping the Metaverse by enabling intelligent avatars, content generation , and immersive experiences. This paper discusses the integration of AI with virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain in building the Metaverse. Challenges related to AI ethics, data privacy, and digital identity in virtual...

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionizing human-computer interaction by enabling machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. This paper explores recent advancements in deep learning-based NLP models, including transformers and large language models. Applications in chatbots, translation, and sentiment analysis are dis...

Este artículo explora la relación entre el sujeto y la identidad narrativa en el diseño de soluciones para problemas educativos. Se investiga cómo la ontología y la filosofía occidental han conceptualizado el ser y la existencia, proporcionando una base para entender la identidad. Se profundiza en la teoría narrativa de Paul Ricoeur, quien distingu...

Geoethics

Differentiating between “plagiarism” and “similarity” is crucial for academics. Similarities to other intellectual properties do not necessarily mean these are plagiarized. It simply means that the respective contents seem to be like the other intellectual contributions or previously published works of the same author(s). Whether the paper is plagi...

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world. Far from a looming threat that might cause ethical dilemmas and crises, generative AI can be leveraged to help individuals enhance their ethical knowledge, values, and behaviors. To that end, this study seeks to bridge the gap between ethical theories and ethical practices through a gen...

We seek to address some of the legal and ethical issues raised by biotechnology, which are no longer specific to Western societies and "democracies", but have come to affect all contemporary cultures due to technological progress and the spread of the accompanying cultural model. We have addressed these issues through examples of procreation, abort...