Ethernet - Science topic

This paper presents mmCPTP, a cross-layer end-to-end protocol for fast delivery of data over mmWave channels associated with emerging 5G services. Recent measurement studies of mmWave channels in urban micro cellular deployments show considerable fluctuation in received signal strength along with intermittent outages resulting from user mobility. T...

In the 5G era, more sensitive information will be transmitted on optical networks. Although modern cryptography could support different security mechanisms in different layers, the optical layer has not been paid enough attention but it is also vulnerable to attack by tapping or other methods. The optoelectronic firewall is one of the promising sec...

As a result of the current imperfection of the meat traceability system, there have been numerous food safety events with serious consequences. In this paper, a meat product information traceability system is designed to efficiently prevent such problems. This system develops an identification tag information reader based on ultra-high frequency (U...

Lightning strikes can cause significant damage to critical infrastructure and pose a serious threat to public safety. To ensure the safety of facilities and investigate the causes of lightning accidents, we propose a cost-effective design method for a lightning current measuring instrument that uses a Rogowski coil and dual signal conditioning circ...

This paper presents simulation, design, development and prototype testing of an FPGA based data acquisition card for RF based hydrogen ion source beam current of up to 100 mA, with 2 ms pulse duration at 2 Hz and 50 Hz repetition rate. The parameters of hydrogen ion current (beam) have to be measured and controlled during the operation of hydrogen...

The ESP32 is a popular microcontroller from Espressif that can be used in many embedded applications. Robotic joints, smart car chargers, beer vat agitators and automated bread mixers are a few examples where this system-on-a-chip excels. It is cheap to buy and has a number of vendors providing low-cost development board kits that come with the mic...

We introduce the concept of Intrusion Resilience Systems (IRS) for modern vehicles. An IRS enables running a vehicular application in a replicated way, i.e., as a Replicated State Machine, over several ECUs. By requiring the replicated processes to reach a form of Byzantine agreement before changing their local state, the IRS ensures the resilience...

Development of a scalable flat-panel neutron radiography device is needed to meet the nondestructive testing needs of a growing industrial market. Flood field images from a Cs-137 gamma source and a Cf-252 fission neutron source were generated using a detector composed of a 3-mm-thick sheet of EJ-200, and 3-mm-thick sheet of acrylic light spreader,...

A 5G network can provide more comprehensive bandwidth connectivity for the industry 4.0 environment, which requires faster and tremendous data transmission. This study demonstrates the 5G network performance evaluation with MEC, without MEC, WiFi 6, and Ethernet networks. Usually, a 5G network engages with Multi-access Edge Computing, providing the...

Fifth-generation and more importantly the forthcoming sixth-generation networks have been given special care for latency and are designed to support low latency applications including a high flexibility New Radio (NR) interface that can be configured to utilize different subcarrier spacings (SCS), slot durations, special scheduling optional feature...

MAC address spoofing has plagued LAN communication for a long time. Many attacks use it as a springboard to carry out subsequent attacks. The main reason for this kind of attack is the exposure of MAC address. If the source MAC address of the node can be hidden during frame forwarding, this kind of attack can be effectively prevented. This study pr...

Programming logic controllers (PLCs) are vital components for conveyors in production lines, and the sensors and actuators controlled underneath the PLCs represent critical points in the manufacturing process. Attacks targeting the exploitation of PLC vulnerabilities have been on the rise recently. In this study, a PLC test platform aims to analyze...

EtherCAT is a real‐time Ethernet protocol and has been widely used in the field of motion control owing to its high speed (100 or 1000 Mbps), low processor occupancy, and good synchronization performance in slaves. However, the master–slave synchronization method is blank in the EtherCAT protocol. The study proposes a novel master–slave synchroniza...

Industrial control systems (ICS) often contain sensitive information related to the corresponding equipment being controlled and their configurations. Protecting such information is important to both the manufacturers and users of such ICSs. This work demonstrates an attack vector on industrial control systems where information can be exfiltrated t...

Four diode-type gyrotrons are used in the EAST ECRH system now. The anode is one of the main components of the gyrotron. We can control the output power of the gyrotron by changing the anode voltage. An anode voltage control system for ASIPP anode power supplies was developed based on the ethernet CompactDAQ chassis NI-cDAQ-9185. The anode voltage...

These are lecture notes from a one semester course on Network Design taught at NYU in the 1980's. These notes were written by Dr. Herbert J. Bernstein and the late Professor Max Goldstein and, along with the companion lecture notes on Data Communications provide components essential to a more modern book that is under development. Even though, inde...

Due to the benefits of better bandwidth and reliability, the automotive industry is moving towards Ethernet-based in-vehicle network (IVN) systems as the number of onboard electronic control units has increased. Considering that before long the well-known controller area network (CAN) will still be considered a standard protocol, our earlier work i...

The paper describes the characteristics of today’s Ethernet and shows that plain Ethernet and the higher level protocols related to TCP/IP, without ad hoc real-time enhancements, are often adequate to support industrial applications. Ethernet can yield additional advantages, simplifying the design of these systems and supporting a degree of resilie...

This paper reflects the content of the presentation “The Next Generation: Ethernet-APL for Safety Systems” at the NAMUR Annual General Meeting 2022. It deals with the use of the Ethernet Advanced Physical Layer (Ethernet-APL) in combination with the PROFINET/PROFIsafe protocol for safety applications. It describes the virtues of the digital communi...

This paper reflects the content of the presentation “The Next Generation: Ethernet-APL for Safety Systems” at the NAMUR Annual General Meeting 2022. It deals with the use of the Ethernet Advanced Physical Layer (Ethernet-APL) in combination with the PROFINET/PROFIsafe protocol for safety applications. It describes the virtues of the digital communi...

Integrating embedded systems into next-generation vehicles is proliferating as they increase safety, efficiency, and driving comfort. These functionalities are provided by hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate with each other using various protocols that, if not properly designed, may be vulnerable to local or remote attacks....

We observe that emerging artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and storage workloads pose new challenges for large-scale datacenter networking. RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) was an attempt to adopt modern Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) features into existing Ethernet installations. Now, a decade later, we revisit RoCE's des...

Modifikasi PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) adalah proses mengubah atau memperbaiki fitur, kapasitas, atau kinerja suatu PLC agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan aplikasi spesifik. Modifikasi ini dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasi software atau hardware dari PLC tersebut. Tujuan dari modifikasi PLC adalah untuk membuat PLC lebih efisien, mampu mengatas...

p>This paper evaluates the 60 GHz channel capacity based on wireless data center (WDC) channel models and radio measurements in a productivity server room. The channel capacity is evaluated to study the frequency selectivity effects on three receiver structures, namely a guard interval based OFDM receiver, a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a...

p>This paper evaluates the 60 GHz channel capacity based on wireless data center (WDC) channel models and radio measurements in a productivity server room. The channel capacity is evaluated to study the frequency selectivity effects on three receiver structures, namely a guard interval based OFDM receiver, a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a...

Traditional networking solutions are unable to meet modern computing needs due to the expanding popularity of the internet, which requires increased agility and flexibility. To meet these objectives, software-defined networking (SDN) arises. A controller is a major element that will determine if SDN succeeds or fails. Various current SDN controller...

The integration of 5G and vertical industries promotes the development of the energy Ethernet while putting forward fine granularity, flexibility, high reliability, and deterministic low-latency service requirements for the smart grid and the ubiquitous power Internet of Things (UPIoT). As the bearer architecture supporting the next-generation opti...

This work describes the architecture of a versatile system that is dedicated to the testing of various integrated circuits in radiation (e.g., ASICs, FPGAs). The system powers the device under test remotely. It monitors and reads out in real time various parameters, like: power consumption, voltage and current (with resolution of 100 µV and 100 µA,...

Automated driving requires correct perception of the surrounding environment in any driving condition. To achieve this result, not only are many more sensors than in current Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) needed, but such sensors are also of different types, such as radars, ultrasonic sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Given the high num...

Digital systems engineering involves the design and development of digital systems. This includes the design of digital systems architectures, the development of hardware and software components, and the integration of these components into a working system. Digital systems engineers must also be familiar with networking technologies, such as Eth...

Network Diagnosis Tools with industrial-grade quality are not widely available for common users such as researchers and students. This kind of tool enables users to develop Distributed Embedded Systems using low-cost and reliable setups. In the context of RISC-V Extensions and Domain-Specific Architecture, this paper proposes a Real-Time RISC-V-bas...

The synchronization control performance of the Fieldbus control system (FCS) is an important guarantee for the completion of multi-axis collaborative machining tasks, and its synchronization control accuracy is one of the decisive factors for the machining quality. To improve the synchronization control accuracy of FCS, this paper first makes a com...

This paper describes the implementation of a solution for detecting the machining defects from an engine block, in the piston chamber. The solution was developed for an automotive manufacturer and the main goal of the implementation is the replacement of the visual inspection performed by a human operator with a computer vision application. We star...

In this work, we present P4TG, a P4-based traffic generator (TG) which runs on the programmable Intel Tofino™ ASIC. In generation mode, P4TG is capable of generating traffic up to 1 Tb/s split across 10x 100 Gb/s ports. Thereby it measures rates directly in the data plane. Generated traffic may be fed back from the output to the input ports, possib...

IEEE 802.1 Qbv time-aware shaper (TAS) has been developed for delivery of time-critical periodic frames of time-triggered (TT) flows over Ethernet under strict end-to-end latency and jitter bounds. Efficient routing and flow scheduling are critical for successful deployments of TAS systems. Although many routing and flow scheduling schemes have bee...

We previously developed a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) assisted extended reach electroabsorption modulator integrated distributed feedback (EADFB) laser (AXEL) to increase the optical modulation output power and a high-frequency integrated design based on the flip-chip interconnection technique (Hi-FIT) to obtain a high modulation bandwidt...

Packet-switched xHaul networks based on Ethernet technology are considered a promising solution for assuring convergent, cost-effective transport of diverse radio data traffic flows in dense 5G radio access networks (RANs). A challenging optimization problem in such networks is the placement of distributed processing units (DUs), which realize a su...

Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects users in a moderately sized geographical area. LAN protocols like the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Ring, and Ethernet protocol are being investigated to find out their performance. This paper compares and analyses the network performance of the three LAN protocols; Ethernet, Token Ring...

Since April 2004, where 61850-9-2 first edition was officially published, GE has been involved on process bus-based solutions deployment all around the world. This paper focuses on the experiences on substations implementations of process bus-based solutions, early point to point concept of first digital substations evolved to actual network-based...

Autonomous truck and trailer configurations face challenges when operating in reverse due to the lack of sensing on the trailer. It is anticipated that sensor packages will be installed on existing trailers to extend autonomous operations while operating in reverse in uncontrolled environments, like a customer's loading dock. Power Line Communicati...

Historically, the optical access network (OAN) plays a crucial role of supporting emerging new services such as 4 k, 8 k multimedia streaming, telesurgery, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) applications in the context of Tactile Internet (TI). In order to prevent losing connectivity to the current mobile network and Tactile Internet,...

Dedicated fieldbuses were developed to provide temporal determinisms for industrial distributed real-time systems. In the early stages, communication systems were dedicated to a single protocol and generally supported a single service. Industrial Ethernet, which is used today, supports many concurrent services, but usually only one real-time protoc...

The use of application-specific accelerators in data centers has been the state of the art for at least a decade, starting with the availability of General Purpose GPUs achieving higher performance either overall or per watt. In most cases, these accelerators are coupled via PCIe interfaces to the corresponding hosts, which leads to disadvantages i...

Today, many educational institutes, labs, houses or organisations have their private Local Area Network (LAN), so they need to monitor employees, students in exams or machines which are working on the network. This paper aims to design and implement efficient application that can be used to track everyone who is working between 1-10 users (operatin...

Resumen-La monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial es una prueba diagnóstica que registra la presión sanguínea arterial del paciente durante un tiempo establecido, típicamente 24 horas. Durante el período de estudio, el personal médico involucrado desconoce la situación clínica del paciente, por lo que, si éste sufriera una subida de pres...

This article is based on a power supply monitoring system in a telephone exchange found at a considerable distance from the center of the Cochabamba-Bolivia city. The system only performs the reading of voltage parameters in alternating current from the electrical network and direct current from the backup system battery bank, with the aim...

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The work is devoted to a new technology that provides low and predictable data transmission delays in industrial Ethernet networks. The traffic is divided into critical and non-critical to delays. The features of TSN functioning are considered. The operating principle and architecture of such networks are considered. It is shown that cost reduction...

“Rəqəmli abunəçi daxilolma sistemləri” fənninin tədris olunmasında əsas məqsəd “Elektronika, telekommunikasiya və radiotexnika mühəndisliyi” ixtisası haqqında ətraflı məlumat vermək, ixtisas üzrə mütəxəssisin gələcək fəaliyyəti üçün zəruri bilik və bacarıqları vermək, o cümlədən mövcud mis kabellərdən istifadə etməklə rəqəmli abunəçi daxilolmanın...

Robotic assembly is an important process to replace manual picking in industrial smart manufacturing. One of the important steps in assembly is robotics grasping and sorting of the workpiece. In this paper, a lightweight visual epigynous system was designed to address sorting workpieces with high efficiency, portability, and accuracy. The software...

The increase in the amount of air pollution that causes global warming and the lack of attention to harmful gases, such as CO, PM 2.5, and NO2 can have a negative impact, on health and can even cause death, if it is ignored by people who breathe it. One of the popular information media today is the web, a tool that can monitor air quality levels an...

Time-sensitive network (TSN) provides end-to-end data transfer with very low latency and high reliability on the basis of Ethernet. It is suitable for time-sensitive applications and will be widely used in scenarios such as autonomous driving and industrial Internet. When the existing time-sensitive flow routing and scheduling methods do not consid...

MOSA (Modular Open System Acquisition) provides a framework for efficient and sustainable design of complex integrated systems. In domain of embedded technology, the MOSA as-is does a good job in identifying modular software and hardware frameworks required to establish a common baseline for generic open architecture. On the other hand, it does not...

The First chapter deals with Introduction of computer Networks, Basics of networks and its components, protocols and its layering scenario, various network reference modeling techniques, and an overview about internet and its administration. The Second chapter deals with physical layer, its performance, various types transmission media and its comp...

Human needs continue to grow, making today's technology a necessity. In today's life, humans cannot be separated from electricity. In the household, the current electrical control system is still classified as conventional, namely by using a switch or still relatively manual. To overcome this, a SCADA system is needed to monitor and control househo...

The design, development, and deployment of a containerized real-time simulation executive architecture for scheduling and executing high fidelity software system models poses many challenges. Both industry and the Department of Defense (DoD) are researching technologies and software platforms to provide efficiency and effectivity benefits through D...

“Rəqəmli abunəçi daxilolma sistemləri” fənninin tədris olunmasında əsas məqsəd “Elektronika, telekommunikasiya və radiotexnika mühəndisliyi” ixtisası haqqında ətraflı məlumat vermək, ixtisas üzrə mütəxəssisin gələcək fəaliyyəti üçün zəruri bilik və bacarıqları vermək, o cümlədən mövcud mis kabellərdən istifadə etməklə rəqəmli abunəçi daxilolmanın t...

On the Internet of Connected Vehicles, a vehicle has to communicate bi-directionally with several devices for establishing a shared network for inter-vehicle and intra-vehicle connectivity. These connection protocols are commonly structured to connect all the individual components with an implicit degree of trust, which is supposed to protect the w...

The automation of quality checks of a product in a smart manufacturing environment poses several challenges for the underlying industrial network. Such a network involves a variety of connected devices, e.g. sensors, actuators, embedded computers, to perform detection of a newly arriving product, visual inspection for quality checks, and classifica...

Achieving low-cost and high-performance network security communication is necessary for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, including intelligent sensors and mobile robots. Designing hardware accelerators to accelerate multiple computationally intensive cryptographic primitives in various network security protocols is challenging. Different from exis...

As limitações impostas pelo distanciamento social durante a pandemia representaram um grande desafio para todos os educadores manterem o ensino com tais limitações. Neste artigo, primeiramente apresentamos como a disciplina Laboratório de Redes de Computadores do curso de Engenharia da Computação da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo e...

Deploying Hadoop MapReduce applications in a virtualized environment is adopted by some cloud computing providers for better resource utilization. However, the virtualization overhead can negatively affect the performance of applications when executed on virtual machines rather than physical servers. In that regard, this paper introduces a methodol...

TSN is an enhancement of Ethernet which provides various mechanisms for real-time communication. Time-triggered (TT) traffic represents periodic data streams with strict real-time requirements. Amongst others, TSN supports scheduled transmission of TT streams, i.e., the transmission of their packets by edge nodes is coordinated in such a way that n...

The development of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) came with a larger header size of 40-Byte compared with the 20-Byte of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) which would have made IPv6 protocol a bottleneck in data transmission over the global network. Practically, given the same user data transmitted over the same physical-layer network medium i...

This project describes a telecom base station site temperature monitoring system using Raspberry Pi, utilizing a set of pi boards. It utilizes a raspberry Pi board-central processor and sensor boards. Sensor board is in turn interfaced to the DHT-111 humidity & temperature sensor. It is also linked to a Wi-Fi adapter (802.11 b/g/n) connected to the...

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are widely used for navigation and time distribution1–3, features that are indispensable for critical infrastructure such as mobile communication networks, as well as emerging technologies such as automated driving and sustainable energy grids3,4. Although GNSS can provide centimetre-level precision, GNSS...

The Estac ̧a ̃o Multi-Missa ̃o de Natal (Natal Multi-Mission Station) (EMMN) resulted from the updating process of a legacy satellite tracking system, belonging to the Insti- tuto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (National Institute of Space Research) (INPE). As a ground station, the objective is to provide a secure communication link between operat...

In the last decade, the bit rates achieved on fiber broadband networks have increased multiple times and every new generation of passive optical network (PON) technologies must unlock more of fiber’s potential and must be backward compatible to ensure easy and iterative upgrade of operator’s networks. In this paper we present two novel dynamic wave...