Science topic

Epilepsy - Science topic

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)
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As I teach disabilities and we talk about causes, treatment etc. Certain disabilities like intelectual impairment and autism along with epilepsy where cause is microcephaly, low birth weight still there is no treatment. It's life time dependency on medicine to avoid fits.
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It's good to see you realize that "current approaches focus mainly on symptom management rather than [causally, etiologically, or just pathogenetically orientated, physically grounded] cures," Dr. Agbo.
... By the way: Should "congenital" be understood as (we were taught to do!) sth. Hereditary, gene-determined, or as connatal, by anything?
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I want to treat SH-SY5Y cells with magnesium-free DMEM (for 3hrs) to develop epilepsy model and conduct further analyses. I have found one option from Hyclone that is no-magnesium, no-calcium and no L-glutamine.
I will be grateful for guidance on other suppliers/options for mg-free media and if possible a detailed protocol on how I can make DMEM media magnesium free. Thanks in advance.
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Samir Ranjan Panda thank you for your suggestion. I have discussed my requirements with a few companies. I was hoping to avoid custom media (considering the QC/Standardization aspects) but it seems there is no other option.
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Lorsque nous nous posons cette question , nous nous basons sur un fait et constat très simple : Dans les manuels d’apprentissage du chinois, qui tiennent lieu de programme pour l’instant dans les ’IC( Institut Confucius)d'Afrique (aucun dispositif curriculaire n’est élaboré pour l’enseignement du chinois en Afrique), le chinois est présenté avec une focalisation sur le mandarin.
Si aujourd'hui la Chine nous indique que certains projets en cours auraient pour objectifs d’élaborer des ouvrages appropriés pour prendre en compte la diversité linguistique en contexte Africain, tâche qui aboutirait à une réflexion profonde sur les programmes à mettre en œuvre pour l’enseignement du chinois en Afrique. Quelles formesde diversité seront privilégiées dans ce cadre ? Si la langue enseignée dans ces ouvrages reste le mandarin, il n'y aura de chances que ce projet débouche sur un gommage de la diversité linguistique.
De ce fait , la langue chinoise serait t-elle une simple acquisition de compétences non linguistiques, contributives d’un développement professionnel en Afrique ? la langue chinoise existerait-elle en Afrique que pour des fins politiques? Quel avenir linguistique de la langue chinoise en Afrique?
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L’essor croissant de la langue et de la culture chinoises en Afrique suscite des réflexions profondes quant à l’avenir du continent.
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Dear researchers,
I m studying on experimental models of epilepsy especially chemical model with PTZ. I want to calculate seizure thresholds. Please give me clear information about it.
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The pentylentetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure threshold in mice or rats is typically measured by determining the minimal dose required to induce seizures in a group of animals, often using a dose-response curve to establish the threshold level.
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Kindly confirm: Can we take PTZ (Pentylenetetrazole) model as model of Status Epilepticus and clinically co-relate with human MTLE its findings ?
If we want to study acute changes of epileptogenesis, can we use kindled model of epilepsy (PTZ) ?
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Hello, bit late, but yes, it is one of the models for TLE, and yes, kindling is what you would do with all these models for epileptogenesis studies.
It is causing less direct damage to the tissue than the more common kainate model, but its dose threshold varies a bit more between animals (also, age is critical : only usable after 2-3 weeks of age in rodents).
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thank you very much.
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Estimating the exact time of the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) switch in infants with epilepsy can be challenging, as it involves the maturation of inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. The GABA switch refers to the developmental transition of GABAergic signaling from excitatory to inhibitory, crucial for proper brain function.
Efforts to pinpoint the exact timing of the GABA switch in individual infants could significantly impact drug therapy decisions. However, it's essential to note that the timing of this switch can vary between individuals and may be influenced by factors such as brain region and genetic factors.
Several research approaches are being employed to understand the GABA switch, including neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and molecular techniques. These methods aim to observe changes in GABAergic function and receptor expression during development.
However, predicting the exact time of the GABA switch for personalized drug therapy in infants with epilepsy requires a comprehensive understanding of the specific epileptic condition, neurological development, and response to treatment. Continuous monitoring, diagnostic tools, and collaboration between neurologists, pediatricians, and researchers are essential to optimize drug therapy and improve outcomes.
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I am following two pediatric patients with epilepsy who are experiencing an increase in seizures after intranasal administration of exosomes. According to the research I have reviewed, exosomes are a very beneficial treatment option for intractable epilepsy and can restore lost brain functions. However, those articles did not mention anything about the effect of exosomes on seizures.
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I'm sorry, but as a Paediatric Radiologist this field doesn't fit into my expertise.
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"RTMS induces changes in FDG brain metabolism in patients with epilepsy" by Laura-Seynaeve
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Hi,
It looks like a conference abstract and I don't think a full-length article is published. You may contact the authors.
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Money is wonderful for helping out of those tight financial jams from load of available ingredients for money which promoting abundance and bring extra money into life since money itself is artificial without endemic power. Power bring to work, business and life, money and prosperity to easy burden and stress with abundance freely flow corresponds to one of the elements of earth, air, fire, water. As an element life merges together in joining power, prosperity and abundance, energy of prosperity now surge as protection add advantage mundane safety measure stronger aura of protection. Precious food is gift from earth. The protection energy is released and revealed when eaten these precious foods. Lucky green persimmons or pomegranates increase good luck and charge luck with desire for good, better & best luck. For good of all and by free will, gentle promise fulfils this please with flame of spirit and ancient fire unlocking within the intuition of business revived by good luck and re-inspire higher mind connection that fully interaction with inner guidance system. Glittering aura amazes beauty and energy building to activate the glamour and symbol of transformation soaking in the loving energy and desire for enhanced beauty. In the past, gathering exotic ingredients were sign of sincerity and determination on reaching goal individually at specialty of hierarchical power. The hierarchy of power like spirit cord which seal the bond and figures eight or eight figure perfect balance and love into life and aura of attraction. The responsibility sounds wonderful in an authentic manner essentially bound with free will accordingly idealized haze of relationship between the strategic alliance and the merger and acquisition, M&A, especially the blockchain technology, financial technology and its evolution valuation.
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Pretty maid all in a row to an incredible series of magnificent wholesome as wells as venturesome for bestiality experience at a small pond with the fishy pond sensations, body like storm waves. swam a bit is wonderful and exciting like a real city rube by keeping eyes on a trail and hands on the reins naturing and nurturing through the bright sunlight, the open air and the beautiful countryside that has combination of languid sunshining heat and the fresh smell of open meadow smoothen rhythmic movement of the big stallion, popcorn unicorn and popcorn culture. This is even better at all sorts of marvelous sensations through omniscience, omnimedia and omnigod or omnigoddess by eating bimbo brands and sardine at breakfast meal. Age is in the age of beholder much like beauty, Age appropriates did have anything in stone to look forward and look back to see far back. pasting the point of self-control as if life is a journey of vision, visionary, and destination's in sight. Evolution valuation in corporate finance given a set of characteristics priced to be asset multiple and real option role in the capital structure build on the knowledge much greater depth and detail on the objectivity of differentiation. Hence in truth and indeed, stable option grants get more attention higher when only thing smart is smart money about corporate governance encourage entrepreneurship, innovation, and technology, which support intelligent approach to practical issue of ensemble algorithm of differentiation in the investment world...
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Therapeutics such as probiotics exert a beneficial effect on host gut microbiota after consumption and may be capable to prevent several diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Fermented dairy foods, cheese whey and buttermilk whey offer suitable matrices for the growth and viability of probiotic microorganisms and are potential sources for the development of probiotic dairy-based beverages. The literature shows that the heterogeneous food matrices of non-dairy food carriers are the major constraints for the survival of the probiotics and the use of antioxidants in yogurt manufacture. Dairy consumption such as sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula need to be assessed for the content of microbial diversity. The role of fermentation, freezing/thawing, room temperature modification and probiotic shelf life may have a critical effect on the generation of LPS from gram negative bacteria that may lead to dysbiosis. The association between high fat/high cholesterol diets have been shown to be linked to the increased incidence for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The literature shows strong evidence with relevance to changes in cholesterol metabolism and transport that is associated with AD pathogenic processes. The safety of probiotic therapy for AD patients requires investigation with relevance to the induction of dyslipidemia and the release of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and amyloid beta from gram-negative bacteria needs to be controlled in these probiotic formulations.
RELEVANT REFERENCES:
  1. The role of Microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370691497_The_role_of_Microbiota_in_the_pathogenesis_of_Alzheimer's_disease
  2. Food and Nutrition cause liver and brain diseases ... - Atlas of Science: Another Veiw on Sciencehttps://atlasofscience.org/food-and-nutrition-cause-liver-and-brain-diseases-with-diabe... Mar 11, 2016 –
  3. Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and Neuron Toxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurology Research and Surgery. 2018; 1(1): 1-3.
  4. Overnutrition Determines LPS Regulation of Mycotoxin Induced Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci.2015;16(12): 29554–29573.
  5. Functional Foods and Active molecules with relevance to Health and Chronic disease: Editorial. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2017; 7(10): 833-836.
  6. Food Quality and Advances in Pharmacological Management Prevent Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Epilepsy Induced Stroke. Research and Reveiws: Neuroscience. 2018;2:7-9.
  7. Food quality induces a miscible disease with relevance to Alzheimer’s disease and Neurological diseases. J Food Research, vol. 5, pp.45-52, 2016.
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Dear Emad Hussein,
Thank you for this very important answer.
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Complete cute of multi drug resistant epilepsy by surgery is not achieved in every case. Poor localisation might be the reason of failure.What are more developments aree required to acheive success in epilepsy surgery with good prognosis.
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Digital models that represent the brains of people with epilepsy could show neurosurgeons precisely which zones are responsible for seizures — enabling better treatment. The models, created using a computational system known as the Virtual Epileptic Patient, have been developed as part of the Human Brain Project, a 10-year European initiative focused on digital brain research. The approach is being tested in a clinical trial to evaluate whether it improves the success rate of epilepsy surgeries...
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I need to induce epilepsy in rat same of human epilepsy
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You can use PTZ to induce seizure in rats.
Please check the relevant papers in the link attached.
Thanks
Samir
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I am interested in understanding whether the 2015 Report of the ILAE Task Force on the Definition and Classification of Status Epilepticus continues to be applicable after the revised 2017 ILAE classification of seizures and epilepsy, thus, making Aura Continua still a valid diagnosis.
Under the 2015 Report of the ILAE Task Force on the Definition and Classification of Status Epilepticus, Aura Continua is classified as a Focal NCSE without impairment of consciousness (B.2.b.a). Under the current revised 2017 ILAE classification of seizures and epilepsy, Aura Continua would be considered a type of focal aware seizure type with nonmotor onset.
I would like to know if patients can still be diagnosed with Aura Continua under ILAE's current classifications.
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Hi,
ICD system when revised always has an inclusive diagnosis of previous versions. So, for all coding purposes, it can be read under the new heading. Aura is still used in clinical discussions.
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I am writing a manuscript on my clinical experience with positive results, want to know about published evidence, experiements or case reports.
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I need to test the reaction to Pilocarpine of some mutant mice and need to know the exact maximum dose of Pilocarpine to which wild type animals do not respond.
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We have been using the model for the last 3 years and it was reproducible enough: SE was observed in 70-80% male Wistar rats (160-180 g, P70).
But last experiments showed decrease in amount of rats that underwent SE to 10-20%.
The protocol is quite standart:
1. LiCl 127 mg/kg i.p. 18-24 hours prior to pilocarpine
2. Metscopolamine bromide 1 mg/kg s.c. 30 min prior to pilocarpine
3. Pilocarpine hydrochloride 25 mg/kg i.p. (all chemicals from Sigma)
Have anyone had such a problem?
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Many brain insults, including TBI, stroke and encephalitis, may be associated with “early seizures” in the first week after the insult. These seizures are not spontaneous (unprovoked), but are directly caused by the initial insult. Late unprovoked (i.e., spontaneously recurrent seizures), may follow weeks, months or years later.
Our question is: May such early seizures also occur after a status epilepticus and is there literature on this (both for patients and SE models)?
We do typically observe early seizures in different SE models (e.g., pilocarpine, kainate) in rats. They occur with a peak frequency at 3-5 days following SE (if the SE was effectively interrupted after 60-120 min) and then subside. Late seizures occur earliest after about 7 days but often later.
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Dear Colleagues!
There are some questions concerning video recording of spontaneous seizures in the lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy:
1. At what time of the day is it preferable to run the registration? (Or, if you register an individual behavior during 24 h, how do you avoid the social isolation?)
2. Is there any facility to speed up the analysis of video data obtained?
Best regards. 
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As there are two methods for the intrahippocampal injection for the establishment of SE.
Kainic acid and pilocarpine.
which one is better?
As far as I know, the kainic acid is a typical model for TLE, while the direct injection of kainic acid will trigger the excitoxicity which make me have some questions upon this model. Like, the theory of this model is that inducing the epilepsy then result in the degeneration or the excitoxicity triggers the epilepsy?
Hope anyone could discuss with me about that interesting question. THX.
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Read this paper, you may get insights;
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In "Adenosine Dysfunction in Epilepsy and Associated Comorbidities" we cited two papers "Zhang Y, Wang X, Tang C, Guan Y, Chen F, Gao Q, et al. Genetic variations of adenosine kinase as predictable biomarkers of efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Journal of Neurosurgery 2021; 1-10."
AND
"Li T, Ren G, Kaplan DL, Boison D. Human mesenchymal stem cell grafts engineered to release adenosine reduce chronic seizures in a mouse model of CA3-selective epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res 2009; 84(2-3): 238-41."
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Dear Tianfu Li ,
If you scroll down while looking at your paper, you can see that quite a number of references are not recognized by the RG search engine. This has to do with two things: the search engine is not perfect (it is not always able to recognize the citation) and/or the metadata provided by the publisher is not recognized or contains errors.
The bad news is that you cannot do that much about it. The good news is that during time more and more citations are recognized (and somewhere around August this year RG promise to improve the performance in this respect).
I noticed that one of the papers you mentioned is around here on two different places:
You can merge these two (and might help to solve your issue a little bit). See for info how for example https://explore.researchgate.net/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=950413(for other type of questions scroll down on (a) page here in RG and click Help Center).
Best regards.
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I am trying to tweaking my machine learning model optimizer, and i would love to test that in healthcare domain space, especially for rare illnesses.
Thus, do any one knows any deidentified electronic health records for Epilepsy, Parkinson , or other rare diseases patients (maybe those who are treated with warfarin) ?
Please guide me how to get these datasets.
I already spoke with many research authors, but yet no responses.
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That's too painful.
The thing is that you understand their privacy concerns, and you have your procedures that you can assure your compliance to that.
But still its not easy to get those patient records.
I wrote this post after searching all the suggested resources, thought i really thank you for your care to respond.
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Nerve cells in the brain produce electrical impulses as soon as a temporary disorder or disorder occurs, convulsions and seizures occur. Microorganisms use the energy of electrical impulses, so when they listen to the nervous system, which weakens nerve signals.
Does the accumulation of fungal toxins in the body that are found in eating him cause epilepsy?
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yes, like HSV encephalitis
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Colleagues, we need a general or multidisciplinary pharmacology or central nervous system journal
with an impact factor of 1 or highو free or reasonable fees for publication
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Animal models
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3 years old child with uncontrolled seizure but he has spastic tetraplegia because of CP , he has also nail hypoplasia? what do you think doctors
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I think it is difficult to answer this question without proper history semiology of seizure developmental History anti epileptic drug used whether the drug itself duration dose compliance
also epilpsy protocol MRI
prpoer EEG
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Hello. I intend to simulate extracellular epileptogenesis-like conditions in microglia cultures. I concluded that the most well-fundamented and ready available way is to alter ionic concentrations. I decided to start with increasing extracellular potassium concentration to 10-12 mM.
For the in vitro model, I use RPMI 1640 glutamax medium, which already contains KCl 5.333 mM.
I intend to incubate the cells for a period with high K+ cocentration, incubate with normal medium once again and continue the experiment for a number of days more.
What would be the most correct way to increase the potassium concentration from 5.333 to 10-12 mM in this readymade medium?
Thank you for the attention
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Your plan to raise K concentration from 5 to 10mM will change the resting potential from about -87mV to -69mV. That may not alter the electrical activity much. I'd probably try a range of K concentrations Up to 100mM.
A common way to raise extracellular K concentration is to change the entire bath bathing the cells. in this situation, you could an isosmolar substitution of KCl for NaCl in your stock extracellular bath solution. You will have to build a system for bath perfusion and exchange. There are many such systems to be found online. The alternative is to apply the high K solution with a puffer system. A popular, though expensive commercial system is the Picospritzer. Alternatively you can build a gravity fed system that can be activated manually or electronically with a solenoid valve (Lee Valve).
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Seizures are fascinating intellectually, but they can be devastating for the person suffering from them. We have all heard stories of young people who seemingly have no genetic or other past medical history and present to the Neurological ICU in status epilepticus -- an entity known as NORSE. All our algorithms fail and we are left scrambling for effective approaches without any evidence. Often, despite our best interventions, these young healthy patients have >35% mortality rate. And those that survive rarely make it past the SNF.
We have one such patient in our Neurological ICU currently. So I wanted to ask what you guys do when the standard treatments have failed? Per the American Epilepsy Society guidelines, we initially treated her status with Ativan, Midazolam, Keppra loads, Vimpat loads, Fosphenytoin loads, Versed drips, and finally Pentobarbital coma. Currently she is on Keppra, Vimpat, Fosphenytoin, Felbamate, Epidiolex, and Fycompa. Thankfully the Pentobarbital is now off, but she continues to require continuous Versed drip.
In your experience, have you found anything effective in these situations?
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Amit Chaudhari last resort: pentobarbital and thiopental sodium. Unfortunately, majority of the physicians carry out the same management as you mentioned.
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Some PSG studies found patients with epilepsy had decreased REM sleep compared to healthy controls (TLE and JME). Furthermore, patients with refractory epilepsy had decreased percentage of REM sleep compared to those with medically controlled epilepsy.
Medications ( i.e, BZDs) are well known to decrease REM sleep. However, decreased REM sleep has also been observed among drug-naive patients with epilepsy.
-> Is the decrease of rapid eye movement sleep a cause or consequence of epilepsy?
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Hi,
Here are some references in this area:
Frauscher B, Gotman J. Sleep, oscillations, interictal discharges, and seizures in human focal epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 Jul;127:545-553. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.007
Wang YQ, Zhang MQ, Li R, Qu WM, Huang ZL. The Mutual Interaction Between Sleep and Epilepsy on the Neurobiological Basis and Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(1):5-16. doi: 10.2174/1570159X15666170509101237
Hamdy MM, Elfatatry AM, Mekky JF, Hamdy E. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and seizure control in idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2020 Jun;107:107064. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107064
Foldvary-Schaefer N, Grigg-Damberger M. Sleep and epilepsy. Semin Neurol. 2009 Sep;29(4):419-28. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1237115
Kellaway P. Sleep and epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1985;26 Suppl 1:S15-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1985.tb05720.x
Khachatryan SG, Tunyan YS. Vliianie épilepsii na strukturu sna [An effect of epilepsy on sleep structure]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2017;117(9. Vyp. 2):88-94. Russian. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20171179288-94
Kang X, Boly M, Findlay G, Jones B, Gjini K, Maganti R, Struck AF. Quantitative spatio-temporal characterization of epileptic spikes using high density EEG: Differences between NREM sleep and REM sleep. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 3;10(1):1673
Nakamura M, Jin K, Kato K, Itabashi H, Iwasaki M, Kakisaka Y, Nakasato N. Differences in sleep architecture between left and right temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurol Sci. 2017 Jan;38(1):189-192. doi: 10.1007/s10072-016-2731-6
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Hi all,
I'm interested in ways other clinical researchers or centers quantify/calculate seizure burden for children and adolescents with epilepsy? Any standardized measures and/or clinical algorithms you've found helpful for research purposes?
Thanks in advance,
Andy
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If a seizure as such is not observed, possibly by an EEG and Functional MRI.
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Please, can any one help me with the University of Bonn epilepsy dataset with the label in . CSV?
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Despite being one of the world's oldest known medical conditions, public fear and misunderstanding about epilepsy persists, making many people reluctant to talk about it. That reluctance leads to lives lived in the shadows, lack of understanding about individual risk, discrimination in workplaces and communities, and a lack of funding for new therapies research. People with epilepsy die prematurely at a higher rate compared to the general population. The most common cause of death from epilepsy is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, known as SUDEP. For many people living with epilepsy, the misconceptions and discrimination can be more difficult to overcome than the seizures themselves.
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There are 2 types of stigma which people suffering from epilepsy face. Stigma from others and self-stigma. others including family members and teachers or employers discriminate against them. Self-stigma arises within an individual because of their experience and knowledge about the illness and they themselves shy away.
in both cases knowledge about the problems and how to tackle them is important. Furthermore, in self-stigma experience is important than mere words, it is here that self-management and medication adjustment is vital.
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is there any way where scientists can reorient the molecular structures of present drugs used in the treatment of people with epilepsy ? and if so, would the drugs provide a different account that would help patients heal quickly from epilepsy
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One of the evolving fields in epilepsy therapeutics is designed medicine. A good example of that would be targeting miRNA which are now known to play an integral role in epileptogenesis. Another example would be pharmacogenomics where a specific targeted therapy based on the genetic type of epilepsy.
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Where I can do the NGS for the Epilepsy Panel for cheaper cost in India?
I want to do the epilepsy gene panel for a family (3 members)
Where I can do and what is the price?
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Periovulatory catamenial epilepsy- increased seizure frequency and severity on the days of ovulation due to the surge in the proconvulsant oestrogen. Oestrogen receptor GPER1 has an antagonist called G15. I want to induce epilepsy in mice to then add G15 when they ovulate to see the effects on seizure numbers.
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You can use pilocarpine or PTZ model, both are effectives.
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I am trying to do a correlation between SO2 data obtained from satellite AURA OMI and SO2 data obtained from Ground Monitoring Stations.
Since both values show the level of concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere, though in different units, and one should increase if other is increasing but then why do they show a weak and negative correlation?
The study area is the Ahmedabad District. The correlation has been done for annual mean values for the years 2014-18.
Here is the screenshot of scatter plots generated from the regression analysis.
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From NASA's Worldview Portal
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It is impossible to maintain social distancing between caretakers of epileptic patients during this COVID-19 pandemic. As result most of these patients are always in close proximity with the caretakers making them susceptible to COVID-19 infections.
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Additionally, the management of COVID-19 in Epileptic patients could be more complicated considering the drug interactions.
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We measured the number of epileptic crisis every 2 weeks for 42 days in patients using a placebo-controlled design. At different times of the experiment, some patients leave the clinical research protocol.
At the time of statistical analysis we did not find normality in neither Active group measurement, nor Sham ones, but we found homocedasticity.
We used Skillings-Mack test for intra-group analysis in Active group... We need a method to compare between groups.
Is there any non-parametric test like two-way repeated measures ANOVA for this case?
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Very interesting question, worth following.
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how to decrease the mortality of Lithium- Pilocarpine model?
Last few weeks, I tried the model of lithium pilocarpine model.
with 127mg/kg Lithium (24h before P)
1mg/kg Scopolamine methyl nitrate (30min before P)
and 30mg/kg P.
while the mortality is quite high. over 60%.
May I ask some sugguestion to decrease the mortality?
Besides, there is another question,
what is the difference between Scopolamine methyl nitrate and bromide? They are both used in papers.
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In our group, we use the same protocol you described. For ending the SE after the desired time (2 or 4 hours, we use sodium thiopental (20 mg/kg). We usually decrease mortality by a more intensive care post SE: we place water in a low container inside the cage, and another with mashed banana + glicose. If the animal is too weak to eat and drink, we even give the mash once a day directly in its mouth, and use a Pasteur pipette to provide saline water. Still, mortality remains between 20 and 40 percent.
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« L’eau pour tous, est l’affaire de tous » Dicton Dr. Ahmed Kettab
Nous constatons que de plus en plus, il y a des personnes qui manquent d’eau dans le monde.
Près 25% de la population mondiale est en situation de « stress hydrique grave» ou pénurie d’eau grave.
Dix-sept (17) pays, sont concernés par cette pénurie d’eau.
75% des habitants des pays arabes vivent avec moins de 1000 m3 par an (le minimum étant de 1700m3/habitant/an).
La pénurie d'eau concernera 40 % de la population mondiale en 2030, et a l’horizon 2050? 2100?
Nous allons vers une vraie crise, s’il n’y aura pas une politique, une stratégie, une vision mondiale.
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water in quantity will certainly be sufficient, on the other hand water in quality ???
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I am working on project epilepsy detector using EEG signal. But i failed to decompose EEG signal in EDF format.I will be thankful to him who provide MNE code or any suggestion.
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Catamenial seizures are intractable seizures. However, with cluster formation, these acute repetitive seizures might become an emergency. It seems necessary to understand their neurophysiological mechanism of formation and occurrence. What you think about the proper care and effective treatment approach for catamenial seizure clusters or flurries?
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Kindly read this article this might help in answering your questions.
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I have read several reviews about poststroke epilepsy and in all of them it's written that the occurance of early post-stroke seizures increases risk of the occurance of late seizerus and post-stroke epilepsy. I followed to cited research articles and they are usually cohort-based. Since a more severe stroke increases the risk of early seizures and post-stroke epilepsy both, isn't it nessesary to perform a case-control (by stroke severity) study to prove the relation between early seizures and post-stroke epilepsy?
I searched for animal researches on this subject. It turned out that although repeated seizures increase infarct volume, a single seizure in some experimental conditions could even improve behavioral recovery.
I am new in this area and dont't understand why it is so commonly declarated early seizures increase risk of post-stroke epilepsy. Do people mostly have repeated early seizures? For example repeated partial seizures defined as single. Or human seizure have worse consequences than animal seizure-like activity due to brain complexity?
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Hi Sofia
You probably know the paper from Galovic et al, 2018 ( ) that proposes a new method (SeLECT) for the prediction of the risk of developing post-stroke seizures, based on five parameters (stroke severity, large-artery atherosclerotic aetiology, early seizures, cortical involvement, and territory of middle cerebral artery involvement).
For un updating on this topic and in particular on the pathophysiology of post-ischemic epilepsy you might be interested in this congress:
Best wishes
Elena
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It is commonly known that some medicines are counter-indicated by sodium channelopathies. One of that medicines is Phenytoin (PH). But I know some patients, harboring truncating SCN1A mutations, for whom PH helped. Are there any studies about different types of medical treatment for nonsense- and missense-mutations of SCN1A gene?
Or can anyone suggest the biochemical causes of such medicine's behaviour?
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Hi Roman
This depends on the functional effect of the sodium channelopathy.
Pathogenic variants
- in SCN1A generally have a LOF (loss of function) effect
- in SCN2A might have either a LOF or GOF (gain of function) effect
- in SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) have most often a GOF effect
PHT is a powerful sodium channel blocker, therefore it is generally contraindicated in SCN1A-Dravet sd, but is very useful for SCN8A-DEE.
A few patients with SCN1A GOF MISSENSE variant have been described. Those patients might benefit from PHT treatment.
Best
Elena
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I am doing my bachelor thesis on epilepsy so I am asking where can I find ECG dataset for epileptic seizures other than this dataset https://physionet.org/content/szdb/1.0.0/ as it is very small
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I am writing a chapter on medico legal aspects of Epilepsy for a reference book.
I wish to collect your opinions and reasoning behind it to make a gentle reference while elaborating my point.
I am intending to elaborate my views on how epilepsy is a psychiatric disorder. Your opinions if befitting could be referred with due acknowledgement.
Please reinforce your opinions with sound reasoning or mentioning validating source of information.
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Do mental disorders affect epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a disease of the mind, but it does not affect it in terms of madness and hallucinations
Avoiding mental disorders and anxiety is important to reduce epileptic seizures
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Thanks to the US Government Comparative Toxicogenomics Database based in North Carolina, over 2000 Human genes impacted by Fluoride chronic poisoning are linked to Diseases resulting from the disruption of normal cellular and systemic processes.
Looking at just one of these genes, mTOR, Mammalian-homolog-Target-Of-Rapamycin, a known cause of Dental Fluorosis, we find the following diseases listed:
Cancer, features Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Ovarian Neoplasms, Mesothelioma, Mantle-Cell Lymphoma, Small Cell Carcinoma, Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia - Lymphoma, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Breast Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma, Lymphatic Metastasis, Glioblastoma.
Damage to the Brain is listed under the general heading Neurotoxicity Syndromes, then Glioblastoma, Malformations of Cortical Development, Schizophrenia, Focal cortical dysplasia of Taylor (Epilepsy requiring surgery),
Other listed diseases include Congenital Capillary Malformations, Hypertension, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.
Please let me know of any more Fluoride induced diseases you have found linked to mTOR.
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A recent paper implicates mTOR as a cause of reduced IQ in children.
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Doses in articles range between 70 -100 mg/kg .I want the answer from someone who has worked empirically. Thank you
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Some protocols are freely available at: https://bio-protocol.org/Default.aspx
Please check them out. If not, please check YouTube or similar databases to find some practical protocols for your purpose.
Regards,
HR
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Which are the research groups or studies that explore the relationship between pediatric epilepsy and ketogenic diet? Thanks. 
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Previously I worked with the attatched dataset in order to classify the normal and ictal EEG signals. Which is available at
  1. V. Bajaj and R. Pachori, “Classification of seizure and non-seizure EEG signals using empirical mode decomposition,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1135–1142, Nov. 2012.
  2. EEG Time Series Download Page 2012 [Online]. Available:http://epileptologie-bonn.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=193&lang3
But in the following research paper I come to know about CHBMIT EEG dataset
The attatched file contains the information about normal (Z) and ictal (S) EEG signals. But in case of CHBMIT dataset I am getting confused which dataset is exactly containing almost same information like subset S and subset Z. because lots of information is given in the link of CHBMIT dataset. Can anybody, give me the clean dataset of CHBMIT that will contain only the normal and ictal EEG signals of length 2048 samples as found in the research paper V. Geethu et al..
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Check out the International Epilepsy Electrophysiology Portal (University of Pennsylvania, the Mayo Clinic, NIH). Annotated intracranial EEG data were freely available at https://www.ieeg.org/
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My query is regarding identification of interical and preictal stages in CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database of epileptic seizures collected at Children’s Hospital Boston , in which Seizure intervals are given in annotations. Generally most of the literature use only two classes of seizures in this database, viz. SEIZURE and NON-SEIZURE. My question is about identification of INTER-ICTAL, PREICTAL and ICTAL classes, so that appropriate Machine Learning/Deep Learning algorithm can be adopted for prediction of such seizure classes. Thanks in advance .
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Dear Mr.Singh,
predicting from scalp data a seizure coming, even 30 seconds in advance, would be great! To my Knowledge until now, all efforts in this direction have been less successful, like forecasting an earthquake from the gravitational time-series data.
If you got marked the start and the end of the clinical seizures on your time series data, you can extract from the time period inbetween repetitive hypersynchronic EEG-pattern of 0.2 to 1 sec Duration (Spikes, sharp waves etc.). These Patterns differ from Patient to Patient, seldom in the same Patient. You could Group and classify them and use them to detect interictal shorter  periods of hypersynchronized activity with the same pattern, but NO clinical seizure.
But beware of the following pitfall: If the ictal EEG activity on the record is burried under EMG activity (because of the ictal movements of the Patient), you will get an EMG-pattern and not an EEG-pattern, so every cough of the Patient would give a false Alarm of your classifier. So you have to control for this (additional pre-classifier?)
BUT this interictal hypersynchronized activity is a bad predictor for a real forecast, just a hint for the enhanced probability (even worse: you might find the same pattern in family members of the patients, who will never get a seizure - These can be genetic markers)
So, efforts for pre-ictal EEG  have concentrated more on subtle changes in the "normal" EEG inbetween in the last seconds before the start of a seizure - changes in frequency content of the Signal, in synchronity between the different traces of the EEG = the different parts of the brain convexitiy or inbetween a trace. You might use wavelet analysis, chaos Analysis, source Analysis.
There should be a big amount of literature about that.
You will have to extend this analysis to a time period of 30, 60  then even more seconds before the start of the seizure to challenge the forecast Problem with your deep learning Approach.
Good luck!
Yours,
Ulrich Jobst
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Hi,
I recorded some abnormal EPSCs in my iPSC-derived neurons. Not like the individually separated EPSC signals, the ones appear in my Heterogeneous neurons which harbor the mutation associated with epilepsy, and these are some "Busting Like" EPSC events. It jumps to the maximum amplitude and stays there for quite some time and not going back (see attached pic). It only appears in my Het but not in control.
I am wondering how this happened, and any thoughts would be appreciated!
Thanks!
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It's hard to answer without knowing your experiment deeply. I would need to check your entire experimental apparatus to give you some useful answer on this.
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I already have Epi4K, CURE, EpiGad, Genepi, and Carpedb data.
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list of epilepsy candidate genes in pdf
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Subjects, who are planned to undergo TMS for therapeutic purpose are evaluated for history of epilepsy. Most of the RCTs that evaluated efficacy of TMS, exclude patients with history of epilepsy, considering the risks of seizure. However, evidences also support the beneficial role of TMS in epilepsy. Some interesting articles are here -
Should the recommendations for use of TMS need to be broadened?
Should the future researches evaluating role of TMS in various psychiatric disorders, also include those patients with co-morbid epilepsy?
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Thanks for your response sir
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Please tell me where can I get EEG data for Alzheimer's disease , because I am working on designing an automatic diagnosis system for detecting diseases.
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As part of our research work in developing machine learning framework for dementia analysis using EEG data, we have made the source code and data (both AD and Controls) publicly accessible. The links are in the acknowledgement section. I hope this will be useful to you.
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I'm working on NrCAM gene mutation. I'm searching to know about any known mutations recorded in NrCAM gene. But I'm not getting any databases or articles regarding that. Can anyone suggest me any mutation database or links to know about the mutations of NrCAM gene in humans.
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You can use gnomAD (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/) to find variants and mutations found in a large dataset of whole exome and whole genome sequencing.
You can search in ClinVar for any variants/mutations with clinical significance (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/?term=nrcam%5Bgene%5D)
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I am a newbie to M/EEG Source Localisation, I have a resting state Epileptic data through which I want to get a source time series (here condense sources to 68 ROIs-parcellations). However, I am unable to conceptualize which algorithm to choose.
I have read the literature and managed to understand about the differences clearly stated between dipole and distributed models but not (i might have missed literature here) between distributed and beamformers. So can someone help me in choosing the source localisation algorithms for resting state epileptic m/eeg signals. Can you also point me to good literature on differences between (advantages/disadvantages) distributed and beamformer methods. Many thanks in advance.
Regards,
Sri.
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Many thanks for the suggestion, Frank.
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Hi, I am currently working on epilepsy and I am searching for a epilepsy database that contains multiple channels. I have tried http://physionet.org/ dataset but for some reason there may have some problem with channels. Please share if anyone know about some other sources. Thanks.
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Hi Sania,
Sharif
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Hi all,
in several studies focusing on Epilepsy they pretreat mice/rats 30min with scopolamine methyl bromide (1mg/kg) before trating the animal with Pilocarpine.
Most of them used intraperitoneal (IP) injections.
My question is:
why do they wait such a long time?
Normally drugs injected IP are adsorbed pretty fast, like 5min.
Is it just to be on the safe side before the application of the high dosage of Pilocarpine (to induce the seizures)?
Even if this is the case, wouldn't 10-15min be already more than enough?
So far I was not able to find an answer.
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Alberto Arboit although the absorption half-time of substances delivered IP in rats is usually on the order of minutes, maximal plasma values can be significantly longer. This depends on the biokinetics of the substance itself, as well as the solvent used for injection. For example, sulphafurazole IP maximal plasma [ ] occurs at 60 min! https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444818713500102?via%3Dihub
So, for scopolamine a time of 20-30 minutes is recommended likely for its metabolic profile in the rat.
Hope this helped
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detail please plant extraction method using shaking incubator
i work in epilepsy so i want to use plant to check anti epileptic activity
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The Maceration technique is plant extraction method using shaking incubator. you must have the dry powder of your plant and then mix it with the best solution that you want to extract after that you incubate the mixture for one or two days then the extraction will be complete. the mixture must pure with Whatman paper and then concentrate with Rotary-evaporator and for stock must be freeze-drying.
In the Percolation method we dont have any incubation and in Soxhlet method we use high temperature that could harm the plant materials and phytochemicals.
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I am searching on topic for phd especially on: 1- epilepsy prediction using EEG signals or in 2- Emotional Intelligent with machine learning ,
kindly i want suggestions topics on those areas or if any one have another ideas please share it with me.
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Follow the papers below.
Acharya, U. R., Oh, S. L., Hagiwara, Y., Tan, J. H., & Adeli, H. (2018). Deep convolutional neural network for the automated detection and diagnosis of seizure using EEG signals. Computers in biology and medicine, 100, 270-278.
Jukić, S., & Kevrić, J. (2018). PARALLEL PROCESSING OF EEG SIGNALS OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS FOR EPILEPTIC SEIZURE PREDICTION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 7(5).
Tsiouris, Κ. Μ., Pezoulas, V. C., Zervakis, M., Konitsiotis, S., Koutsouris, D. D., & Fotiadis, D. I. (2018). A Long Short-Term Memory deep learning network for the prediction of epileptic seizures using EEG signals. Computers in biology and medicine, 99, 24-37.
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my question for epileptic seizure patient if there is ability to prevent the epilepsy to happen using medicines based on prediction
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Despite the design of new anti-epileptic drugs, drug resistant epilepsy still lacks an ultimate solution . Resective surgery, where the part of the brain that causes the seizures is removed , can only be applied to a small fraction of drug-resistant patients, the outcome of which is highly unpredictable. Additionally, the cause of drug-resistance is unknown. Resistance to the traditional AEDs in addition to the lack of effective seizure management treatments for this large population of patients demands newer, more effective seizure control therapies.
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I want to connect EEG sensors with raspberry bi to make new wearable scalp for collect data from epilepsy patients and monitor them brain, then send the data to online database or wifi, also I want to know what are the types of EEG sensors that can connect with raspberry bi.
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Mr Dreher is right regarding the electric insulation. All medical devices have a quite restrict requirements for insulation, you may pay attention on this.
but, apart from this problem, you first need to know about this signal you want to acquire: how many channels? dynamic range? what resolution is necessary? sampling frequency? acquisition time? is simultaneously sampling necessary?
RPi doesn't not have analog-to-digital converter (ADC) embedded, it means you need to do it yourself. I recently developed a system for data acquisition with RPi for 45 channels.
For this I used 3 ADC with multiplexed input and 16 channels each with SPI (serial data bus) to talk to the RPi.
You should pay attention that: data acquisition when it comes to time series data, for example, sound recording, or your EEG signal, you need a precise clock to trigger the converters. For example, you need each of your sample equally spaced 100ms in time. This is usually made by dedicaded hardware, and almost impossible by RPi's software (in fact this is more or less like real time).
anyways: you can maybe use RPi to receive a data from some dedicaded ADC system and store it, but, I don't see advantages of this instead a normal computer. If your idea is to develop something portable, RPi isn't the right approach, maybe as an auxiliar device, not as the main controller.
Best,
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Ideally the software would adjust the PET signal by tissue type and provide some normative values from healthy individuals.
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Just an add-on software from the previous answer could be the Analyze by the Biomedical Imaging Resource (BIR) at Mayo Clinic.
The only disadvantage is that it accepts images where the format has to be in Analize (.img and the respective .hdr).
Plus you have to create an object map of the brain for GM and WM in order to get concentration values.
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I am looking for the safest anti-emetic drug in children/pediatrics for my clinical assignment, I have searched but didn't get anything, please share the information.
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Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Seizures, movement disorders/extrapyramidal reactions (oculogyric crisis/dystonic reactions, dyskinesia)
Rare (0.01% to 0.1%): Grand mal seizures
My 15 year experience in pediatric field not recognize as epileptiognic drug inducer
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Usually KD is recom as one of the last option in a child with drug resistent epilepsy (DRE): A new therapeutical point of view should be a new option in a infant?
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Is it possible to start KD as first option in GLUT1 syndrome?
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Actually, We are doing Epilepsy Detection Project. Due to some reasons it is compulsory for us to convert .edf files into csv format. if anyone knows about the code please tell me. I didn't find any helping material from internet.
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The edf2csv project on github may help you
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I am currently working on a paper, i have a population of patients with epilepsy and i would like to divide them according to the weight of seizure activity. every one underwent 10-20 stEEG, most of them did also a 24H eeg.
Many of these patients had 2-3 seizures in their life and are drug responders, thus it is hard to divide them in sub-groups according to seizure frequency.
I was wondering if there is a published reliable method to weight stEEG abnormalities (egs n spikes) in a semiquantitative way.
thank you!
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Please open the three manuscript in Attachment. I am sure that you will find in the articles useful methods for you.
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Hello, dear friends.
I have a patient (boy, 6 years old) with a severe epileptic syndrome, which leads to the seizures with tendency to status epilepticus. I observe him for a long time, and I've noticed one interesting phenomenon. After the severest seizures, which end in emergency service, his physical and mental development goes up exponentially.
For example. A week ago he tried to learn to write the cyrillic letter D (see the image 1; the uper inscriptions are the examples). Very poor. Then was the severe seizure, and he didn't try the exercises at all for a week, and today he has taken the paper and written the letter at his own initiative. Now it looks like very good inscription of prescholar (see the image 2).
Other example. A week ago he tried to read, but couldn't understand how to prononce syllables. And today he amazed his parents as he started to prononce good syllables of Consonant-Vowel pattern. It looks like the new grammatical rule arose in his neuronets.
And there are lots of other examples of such behaviour from the beginning of his illness. Not only this particular case. What could be the reason of this? Could you please give me some clues or link what to read on this theme? Thank you.
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As as epileptologist, I have to say that this phenomenon is kind of common in children with epilepsy.
We have to understand epilepsy as a network dysfunction. Epileptic discharges seen in EEG can cause an interference in distant eloquent areas of the brain (what we call "functional deficit zone").
In children this can translate into learning difficulties.
If we consider patients like yours, with repetitive status epilepticus, these patients often have an improvement in cognitive function after the resolution of the seizure.
It's possible that your patient is living with non-convulsive status epilepticus most of the time....
That's why serial EEG is important in cases like that.
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I need hand movements EEG data source for project work. I usually finding epilepsy data and similar data. What should I do to find movement data?
Thanks.
Musa Can Kavak
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Check BCI Competitions homepage at:
where you will find many datasets in various applications of the kind you are looking for. Best wishes
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Patients with Arachnoid cysts or meningioma at the skull base display to some extent epilepsy; how many did observe this?
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Seizure - Yes
Epilepsy - No
Causal relationship - Indeterminate
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Melatonin levels are found to be lowered before epileptic episode and increased after epilepsy. Is these some relationship between melatonin levels and epileptic activity?
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Dear Rimple
yes definitely there are some relationships between epilepsy and melatonin. there are different interfaces between epilepsy and melatonin. One is sleep- epilepsy and melatonin. Melatonin inproved sleep, epileptic activities impairs sleep. Melatonin can modulate circadian rhythm, sleep, mood, ageing, tumour growth, etc.
some studies showed melatonin can be used for treatment of some types of epilepsy. The below is the link for some good papees.
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Good morning,how can i decompose my EEG signal into regular frames using matlab ,and after that calculate for each frame the power of wavelet coefficients in order to detect epilepsy seizure. Thank you in advance .
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Hi Touitou
I think it would be helpful if you could state in which format your EEG data are and where exactly you are stuck. Did you manage to import your data in to Matlab at all?
Then you should familiarize yourself with MATLAB Environment variable types by going the Mathworks tutorials.
Best
Julian
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I'm looking for chemical or physiological parameters (which can be measured) that change minutes or seconds before an epilepsy crisis. In other terms, what are the chemical, biological and physiological changes that occur just before an epilepsy crisis ?
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Reduce potassium intake.
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Individuals with MECP2 duplication syndrome have a wide variety of seizures (e.g., myoclonic, atonic, hypermotor, generalized tonic-clonic). Some also have episodes where muscle tone is lost for prolonged periods (often 10 -30 minutes) with clouded consciousness. Often, the loss of muscle tone only affects the neck so the head hangs limp, but sometimes the whole body seems to be limp as in flaccid paralysis. Have seizures like this been seen in others and have they been investigated? Are these Focal Atonic Seizures?
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I agree with Dr. Ulbricht when he says that what you may be seeing is a seizure cluster.
On the other hand, I think that what he meant was "Astatic seizures".
That is actually a semiological term for drop-attacks.
Atonic seizures are represented by a reduction or abolishment of muscle tone on EMG, time-locked with an epileptic discharge on EEG.
This may represent the activation of negative motor areas of the cortex.
Astatic seizures could represent:
1) a tonic seizure that causes loss of balance and falls because of the sustained muscle tone.
2) a myoclonic seizure that causes a brief contraction and loss of balance.
3) An atonic seizure that causes a sustained loss of muscle tone and a fall.
4) a negative myoclonus that causes a brief loss of muscle tone.
Here is an interesting paper on the subject :
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Can the transcranial ulrtasound be useful in evaluating patients with focal epilepsy (flow/velocity changes, pulsitility index, dysplasia, sclerosis) ?
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I'm following
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i will work by EEG signal for diagnosis epilepsy disease and for it i need to collect EEG signal data base.please help me anyone that work in this field recently.
thankyou
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