Epidemics - Science topic

BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe condition characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function in individuals without preexisting liver disease. Liver transplantation (LT) is the most impactful treatment. Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the liver and has a high mortality rate. However, LT can be...

This study aims to examine the SIA ICR model with chronic infection therapy and data analysis worldwide and its actual implications. The boundedness and uniqueness solution of such an HBV model are confirmed, and Banach space is used to look for bounded discoveries. The developed system’s uniqueness is investigated to verify if it has a unique solu...

In this work, a non-integer-order epidemic system modelling the nonlinear dynamics of Ebola virus disease is formulated in the sense of Caputo-fractional derivative. The existence and uniqueness of solution of the model is established. More importantly, the theoretical analysis carried out is aimed at establishing the local and global asymptotic st...

Mpox, a zoonotic disease of growing global concern, presents significant public health challenges because of the complexity of its transmission dynamics. The need for innovative tools to model and control outbreaks has become increasingly evident in the context of recent global health crises. This study aims to evaluate the utility of a Graph Convo...

The process of regional economic development is marked by a sustained exposure to external disturbances. In today’s unpredictable and tumultuous global environment, such disturbances have become increasingly common, underlining the need to advance a region’s economic resilience and foster adaptive mechanisms to handle environmental flux. Comparing...

This study is dedicated to solving the problem of how urban healthcare systems function in crisis situations. Cases where crisis situations lead either to population migrations or to a rapid increase in demand for medical services are the focus. There are often cases of the overloading of medical staff within institutions or the entire healthcare s...

Known basic and effective reproduction numbers are based on registered (visible) cases despite that asymptomatic and unregistered patients are characteristic of almost all infection diseases. New reproduction numbers-the ratios of the real numbers of infectious persons (symptomatic and asymptomatic) at different moments of time and a simple method...

Given that the network topology can accurately describe the intricate connections between many individuals, this paper studies the dynamic behavior of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovery (SIR) model with network structure, and obtains the necessary conditions for the system to have Turing bifurcation in homogeneous networks and heterogeneous networks...

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has spread to more than 200 countries, affecting millions, costing billions, and claiming nearly 2 million lives since late 2019. This highly contagious disease can easily overwhelm healthcare systems if not managed promptly. The current diagnostic method, Molecular diagnosis, is slow and has low sens...

Emerging and re-emerging viral zoonoses are an important cause of morbidity as well as mortality in developed and developing nations of the world. Rift Valley fever is a viral metazoonosis affecting both animal and human populations primarily in African nations. The epidemic of disease has a serious impact on human health. Rift valley fever is fata...

Studying public sentiment during crises is crucial for understanding how opinions and sentiments shift, resulting in polarized societies. We study Weibo, the most popular microblogging site in China, using posts made during the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. The study period includes the pre-COVID-19 stage, the outbreak stage, and the early stage...

Zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases are among the most direct human health consequences of biodiversity change. The COVID-19 pandemic increased health policymakers’ attention on the links between ecological degradation and disease, and sparked discussions around nature-based interventions to mitigate zoonotic emergence and epidemics. Yet,...

Background In today's post‐truth times, where personal feelings and beliefs have become increasingly important, determining what is accurate knowledge has become an important skill. This is especially important during uncertainty crises (e.g., epidemics and pandemics) because alternative explanations other than scientific knowledge may be dissemina...

We study an exactly solvable random walk model with long-range memory on arbitrary networks. The walker performs unbiased random steps to nearest-neighbor nodes and intermittently resets to previously visited nodes in a preferential way such that the most visited nodes have proportionally a higher probability to be chosen for revisit. The occupatio...

After the COVID-19 epidemic, the economies of all countries have been hit hard and peoples lives have been seriously affected. Restoring the economy and helping people return to the standard of living before the outbreak have become urgent issues for the government currently. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the real estate industry can...

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a dramatic impact on consumer behavior in both China and the United States. At the same time, physical health has become an increasingly important factor affecting consumers. Through the epidemic, the way of consumption has also realized digital transformation and upgrading. Based on the qualitative analysis of the eco...

Background The lack of effective pharmacological measures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) as initial mitigation strategies. The impact of these NPIs on COVID-19 in Nigeria is not well-documented. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of NPIs to support fu...

Purpose of Review By the end of 2023, approximately 39.9 million people worldwide were living with HIV, including 1.2 million in the United States. Although treatment advancements have improved health outcomes, HIV continues to pose significant challenges, particularly among key populations like men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, a...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute hepatitis E infection in humans. Two epidemiological patterns of the disease exist—endemic and sporadic. Genotypes 1 (HEV-1) and 2 (HEV-2) are transmitted through contaminated water and are responsible for the outbreaks of many large-scale epidemics in developing countries of Asia and Africa....

Introduction COVID-19 has caused tremendous hardships and challenges around the globe. Due to the prevalence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic carriers, relying solely on disease testing to screen for infections is not entirely reliable, which may affect the accuracy of predictions about the pandemic trends. This study is dedicated to developing...

The susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic model is analyzed through a degree-based mean-field approach. In this work, a mitigation factor is introduced in the probability of finding an infected individual following an edge. This modification simulates situations where the infected population reduces its participation in the dynamics of disease...

Over the past 30 years, the global prevalence of obesity has risen significantly. The factors driving this epidemic are numerous but remain poorly understood, and there is an ongoing debate about prioritizing them. Despite efforts, public health initiatives to prevent obesity have largely been unsuccessful, leading to a growing burden of disease an...

Background/Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, ranking as the second most common cause of death and the third in disability-adjusted life-years lost. Ischaemic stroke, which constitutes the majority of cases, poses significant public health and economic challenges. This study evaluates trends in ischaemic st...

Background In 2023, there were 39.9 million people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide and 630 000 deaths related to HIV. New strategies are needed, and long-acting antiretrovirals (LAAs) are now widely considered to have great potential to help end the HIV epidemic. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare the safety and efficacy of LAA versu...

The influence of landscape structure on epidemic invasion of agricultural crops is often underestimated in the construction and analysis of epidemiological models. Computer simulations of individual-based models (IBMs) are widely used to characterize disease spread under different management scenarios but can be slow in exploring large numbers of d...

En la segunda mitad del siglo XX ha habido un florecimiento del género de la ciencia ficción en España por las posibilidades que ofrece para el tratamiento político de la historia y de las tensiones entre pasado y presente. Juan Mayorga, cuya preocupación por la dicotomía memoria-progreso es una constante en su obra filosófica y teatral, construye...

Dogs are an important component of established parasitic systems. At the same time, the unregulated accountingsystem and the lack of data on their number in specific regions make it difficult to imagine the objectiveepizootological parameters of this population and, in particular, their epidemic danger. Parasitic systems function inthe dog populati...

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates displayed striking temporal and spatial variation during the emergence of new variants globally and within the United States. While spatiotemporal "waves" of infection have been observed, quantitative assessments of their spread remain limited. Here, we estimate and compare the speed and spatial extent of the first two ma...

Introduction: Long-term lung sequelae in severe COVID-19 survivors, as well as their treatment, are poorly described in the current literature. Objective: To investigate lung fibrotic sequelae in survivors of severe/critical COVID-19 pneumonia and their fate according to a “non-interventional” approach. Methods: Prospective study of the above COVID...

The emergence of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) in 2019 has imposed a significant burden on countries, societies, and individuals worldwide. Through mathematical methods, the effectiveness of various preventive measures and vaccination strategies is evaluated, the evolution of the epidemic under different scenarios and interventions is quan...

This study was conducted to examine the thoughts and perspectives of Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Kadirli Applied Sciences Faculty students about distance education and to reveal the request and suggestions of the students studying at the faculty for this purpose. The research was conducted on the basis of 153 evaluable survey data obtained by...

Background: The review of the literature on the diagnosis and management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) reveals a pressing global health challenge characterized by complex factors influencing its prevalence and treatment. (Chhabra et al., 2012) lay the groundwork by identifying systemic issues such as inadequate healthcare resources a...

We present a delayed epidemic model in a periodic environment, taking into account behavioral changes. The model combines two types of behavioral responses: one responding to the progression of the epidemic and the other based on independent education of the epidemic. We establish the global stability of the diseasefree equilibrium and validate the...

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of highly efficient mathematical models to manage its spread, particularly concerning vaccination strategies. Traditional models, however, often fail to account for memory effects observed in real-world scenarios, which can be effectively captured using fractional derivatives. This paper introd...

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an air-borne fungal disease, and its spores can be spread far away from its origin to colonize in new territory, causing inter-regional epidemics. Xinjiang not only is an important and independent epidemic region from other stripe rust epidemiological regions in China but al...

The COVID-19 epidemic has altered the nature of employment, with more individuals choosing to work from home. Many factors, including the demand for more work-life balance, the potential to save time on commutes, and the need for flexibility in the workplace, have contributed to the rise in popularity of hybrid work from home options. A Google ques...

For Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in schools, the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as case isolation, school closures, suspension of group activities, reinforcement of ventilation and disinfection for influenza outbreaks. However, there is limited evidence supporting and evaluat...

Obesity, a growing global epidemic, poses a significant threat to public health, negatively affecting quality of life, and increasing the risk of several chronic diseases (1). In this scenario, bariatric surgery (BS) has emerged as the most effective intervention for the management of severe obesity, providing metabolic benefits and reducing comorb...

The era of micro‐communication introduces a complex new ecology in the online public opinion surrounding major emergencies. There is an urgent need to explore these new dynamics and develop scientific, reasonable governance strategies to protect public physical and mental health, and maintain social stability and unity. Using the ‘Data‐Information‐...

In this work, we propose and investigate a model of the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS transmission by considering a new compartment of the population with HIV: the latent asymptomatic class. The infection reproduction number that stabilizes the global dynamics of the model is evaluated. We analyze the model’s global asymptotic stability using the...

Trophic coherence and non-normality are both ways of describing the overall directionality of directed graphs or networks. Trophic coherence can be regarded as a measure of how neatly a graph can be divided into distinct layers, whereas non-normality is a measure of how unlike a matrix is with its transpose. We explore the relationship between trop...

This article addresses the critical need for understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission and the role of booster vaccinations in managing the pandemic. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, the emergence of new variants and the waning of immunity over time necessitate more effective strategies. A fractional-order mathematical model using...

Introduction The long-term immunogenicity, adverse effects, influencing factors, and protection from booster vaccines remain unclear. Specifically, little is known regarding the humoral immunity and breakthrough infections associated with COVID-19 booster immunization. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, influencing factors,...

The computational cost of exact likelihood evaluation for partially observed and highly-heterogeneous individual-based models grows exponentially with the population size, therefore inference relies on approximations. Sampling-based approaches to this problem such as Sequential Monte Carlo or Approximate Bayesian Computation usually require simulat...

Introduction The primary aim of this study is to investigate and predict the prevalence and determinants of tuberculosis disease burden in China. Leveraging high-quality data sources and employing a methodologically rigorous approach, the study endeavors to enhance our understanding of tuberculosis control efforts across different regions of China....

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant public health concern, causing seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics. These outbreaks result from changes in the virus's surface proteins which include hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Influenza A virus has a vast reservoir, including wild birds, pigs, horses, domestic and marine animals. It has over 1...

The background of this study is that Chinese consumers' luxury consumption concept is changing, and digital marketing is increasingly important. The research topic focuses on the marketing strategy of Chanel women's wear in the Chinese market, aiming to put forward targeted suggestions through in-depth analysis. The research method is a combination...

Based on spatiotemporal sensing techniques, the cross-regional traveling welcome short messaging service (TW-SMS) has been adopted in China and has become popular, typically being used when travelers pass through or arrive in cities. In this service, governmental institutions in combination with telecom operators send welcome messages with the loca...

What affects regime legitimacy during crisis? We studied the decline and resurgence of political trust in China, where the virus was first discovered, during the early stages of COVID-19 from February till March 2020, when the virus began its global spread. We compared three theories: the rally 'round the flag theory, the performance theory , and t...

Background Norovirus remains a significant viral cause of waterborne and foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks and epidemics worldwide. The burden of norovirus extends across different income settings. Methods Leveraging secondary data from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases Study, our analysis spanned the period from 1990 to 2021 to assess the burd...

Back ground: Globally, the health systems were affected directly and indirectly by the COVID 19 pandemic. During the pandemic, the health system was solely affected by the heavy workload, aggressive preventives measures and delay in seeking medical care. The aimed to compare patient statistics in the hospital and maternal and child health statistic...

BACKGROUND Monkeypox (Mpox), is a disease of global public health concern, as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa. AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers (HCWs)s’ level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed ma...

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis and evaluate the effects of the real estate bubble crises in China following the epidemic and Japan in 1990. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation. The data was collected through the World Bank website. The R-studio and Excel 2019 were used for data analysis...

Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection occurring worldwide. It is of particular public health concern due to its global distribution, epidemic potential and high mortality without appropriate treatment. The method for the management of leptospirosis, particularly in severe disease, is clouded by methodological inconsistency and...

Continuous-time Markov processes are governed by the Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equation. We show that replacing the standard time derivative of the governing equation with a Caputo fractional derivative of order 0 < α < 1 , leads to a fractional differential equation whose solution can describe the state probabilities of a class of non-Markov...

Objectives EpiEstim is a popular statistical framework designed to produce real-time estimates of the time-varying reproductive number, ${\mathcal{R}}_{t}$ . However, the methods in EpiEstim have not been tested in small, non-randomly mixing populations to determine if the resulting ${\hat{\mathcal{R}}}_{t}$ estimates are temporally biased. Thus, w...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has established itself as a global epidemic, with increasing prevalence worldwide. In 2017, approximately 425 million people were diagnosed with DM, a figure that is expected to increase to 629 million by 2045. Among the main complications of DM, gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the most relevant, especially...

Obesity is a rapidly growing epidemic that continues to be a major severe health problem due to its association with various adverse health consequences. Since 1975, the WHO estimates that the prevalence of obesity has tripled globally. Chrysin is a flavone that is mostly found in the Passiflore species of plants and in propolis. The present study...

The impact of resource allocation on the dynamics of epidemic spreading is an important topic. In real-life scenarios, individuals usually prioritize their own safety, and this self-protection consciousness will lead to delays in resource allocation. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the impact of resource allocation delay on epide...

Objective(s): To predict the burden of HIV in the United States (US) nationally and by region, transmission type, and race/ethnicity through 2030. Methods: Using publicly available data from the CDC NCHHSTP AtlasPlus dashboard, we generated 11-year prospective forecasts of incident HIV diagnoses nationally and by region (South, non-South), race/eth...

Respiratory viral infections continue to cause pandemic and epidemic outbreaks in humans and animals. Under steady-state conditions, alveolar macrophages (AlvMϕ) fulfill a multitude of tasks in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. Due to their anatomic localization within the deep lung, AlvMϕ are prone to detect and react to inhaled viruses and th...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus is an important cause of diarrhea in sows and piglets [...]

Tobacco epidemic kills, an estimated seven million people annually worldwide, including 600,000 mortality due to exposure to second-hand smoking. If current trends remain, it is estimated that by 2030 tobacco use will result in around eight million deaths globally each year; an estimated 80% of these preventable deaths will occur in low- and middle...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the obesity epidemic, with both adults and children demonstrating rapid weight gain during the pandemic. However, the impact of having a COVID-19 diagnosis on this trend is not known. Methods Using longitudinal data from January 2019 to June 2023 collected by the US National Institute for Health's Na...

The study of infectious disease dynamics plays an important role in reflecting the transmission mechanisms of epidemics. Compared with the traditional statistical methods, understanding dynamics of an infectious disease can better make people understand some global characteristics of epidemic and help in designing appropriate strategies to control...

This article concerns the traveling wavefronts of a discrete diffusive Lotka-Volterra competition system with nonlocal nonlinearities. We first prove that there exists a \(c_*>0\) such that when the wave speed is large than or equals to \(c_*\), the system admits an increasing traveling wavefront connecting two boundary equilibria by the upper-lowe...

Obesity and overweight are a growing health problem worldwide and are recognized as risk factors for many health complications and increased mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to take decisive action to fight the obesity epidemic to avoid significant costs associated with the treatment of diseases related to excess body weight. Recent years have...

The African region’s health systems perform poorly, with an average effectiveness rate of 52.9%, varying between 34.4% and 75.8% according to WHO’s report on health system performance. Despite significant funding, these systems are hindered by multi-crises such as epidemics, natural disasters, climate change, poverty, and governance challenges. The...

Workplace loneliness is a growing epidemic, impacting employee well-being and organizational performance. This phenomenon, exacerbated by modern workplace cultures that often prioritize efficiency over relationships, leads to adverse health effects and diminished productivity. Telepsychology, a digital solution for mental health support, offers an...

Epidemiology and scale management has been an ongoing project of governments worldwide, including India, focusing on reducing the spread of the virus and reducing the social and financial damage caused by the virus. With the closure of health infrastructure and outbreaks affecting health care workers, there is a need for a cooperative approach to t...