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Environmental Impact Assessment - Science topic

An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects.
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Hey there,
I am currently conducting a life cycle assessment and as advised, I used different life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods to check for robustness of results. I found that when looking at results from climate change at endpoint (ecosystem quality), the values from LC-IMPACT and ReCiPe2016 are similar but IMPACT World+ shows much higher results. SimaPro support mentioned it is most probably due to the different units (species.year and PDF.year vs PDF.m2.year) but I did not find any literature on this topic yet. Would anyone know where to find it?
My main question would be why the value for PDF.year is lower than that of PDF.m2.year. Assuming that the former refers to a global scale because no spatial restrictions are indicated, I would have assumed it would be vice versa with reults from ReCiPe2016 exceeding those of IMPACT World+ (?)
Any ideas or recommendations are much appreciated!
Thanks in advance!
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Hey Michael,
I looked at climate change at endpoint with the following LCIA methods:
IMPACT World+:
- Damage to human health short term (DALY)
- Damage to human health long term (DALY)
- Damage to ecosystem quality short term (PDF.m2.yr)
- Damage to ecosystem quality long term (PDF.m2.yr)
ReCiPe2016:
- Global warming human health (DALY)
- Global warming terrestrial ecosystems (species.yr)
- Global warming freshwater ecosystems (species.yr)
LC-IMPACT average preference, all impacts, 100y:
- Global warming human health (DALY)
- Global warming terrestrial ecosystems (PDF.yr)
- Global warming acquatic ecosystems (PDF.yr)
With regards to % differences:
IMPACT World+ is 88% that of ReCiPe for short term (across all products) and 887 to 943 times that of ReCiPe for long term.
LC-IMPACT is 149% that of ReCiPe2016 (across all products) for human health and only 0.0006% of ReCiPe (across all products) for terrestrial ecosystems. For aquatic/freshwater ecosystems, LC-IMPACT is 0.696% to 0.708% that of ReCiPe across all products.
Would you know what to make of this?
Thanks in advance!
Best regards,
Clara
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I just made a process simulation of bio-based products from biomass. the process involved pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, separation, biogas production, and CHP (electricity generation). The CHP produced excess electricity where I would like to make a credit simulation of it in Simapro. Anyway, all required electricity has been covered by this excess.
my questions are:
1. should I select the electricity consumption from CHP process in the column of energy?
for example: I make an inventory of pretreatment where it needs the electricity for the pump. So, I select the CHP process in the column of electricity. am I correct?
I face the problem of iteration by doing this
2. how about the excess electricity I have? it must reduce the number of environmental impact
how could I simulate it in simapro to show the credit of having this excess?
Please kindly your advice
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Hi!
If I understood well, you are generating in total 2500 kWh/ton ethanol, using 1500 kWh/ton ethanol for your internal consumption and the surplus, 1000 kWh/ton ethanol towards local grid. If it is the situation:
1. Yes, 1000 kWh/ton ethanol is your avoided product.
2. You don't need to add electricity as energy input to technosphere, because you are supplying your electricity requirements inside of your borders. However, maybe your plant has another requirements, such as steam, cooling water, etc.
3. If you are burning the vinasse for producing electricity, the vinasse is not a coproduct, your coproduct is the electricity. So, you need to take into account the electricity produced by the bagasse and the vinasse in your inventory.
Regards,
Camilo
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – How is it different from LCA?
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are distinct tools used for different purposes. EIA focuses on evaluating the potential environmental effects of a specific project, policy, or development, typically at a local level. In contrast, LCA is a broader methodology that analyzes the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal. While EIA assesses specific projects, LCA provides a holistic view of environmental impacts across various stages of a product or system.
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In a bustling city, Sarah, a young artist, decides to paint a mural on a blank wall in her neighborhood. The mural depicts scenes of unity, diversity, and hope, intending to inspire a sense of community among the residents. At first glance, it may seem like just another artwork in a city full of vibrant street art, but little does Sarah know that her small action is about to set off a ripple effect that will transform the entire neighborhood.
One morning, a curious journalist named Emma stumbles upon the mural during her daily walk. Intrigued by the beauty and message behind the artwork, Emma decides to write an article about it, hoping to shine a light on the positive impact of public art in urban spaces. The article gains traction quickly and is shared widely across social media platforms, attracting the attention of city officials and community leaders.
Impressed by the impact of Sarah's mural, the city council decides to launch an initiative to promote public art throughout the city. They allocate funds for local artists to create more murals and sculptures in various neighborhoods, aiming to beautify the city and foster a sense of pride and unity among its residents.
As the city becomes an open canvas for creativity, a newfound sense of community emerges. People from diverse backgrounds come together to celebrate the artworks, organizing art walks and community events. Businesses in the neighborhood notice an increase in foot traffic, leading to economic growth in the area.
Inspired by the success of the art initiative, local schools integrate art education into their curriculum, nurturing the creativity of young minds. Sarah's mural becomes a symbol of hope and empowerment, motivating the next generation to pursue their dreams and make a positive impact on their communities.
In an unexpected turn of events, Sarah's mural also catches the eye of a prominent art gallery owner. Impressed by her talent and the impact of her work, the gallery owner offers Sarah an opportunity to showcase her art in a solo exhibition. Sarah's career takes off, and her artwork gains international recognition, drawing attention to the importance of public art in transforming communities.
As the years pass, Sarah's mural stands tall as a symbol of the power of small actions. The once overlooked blank wall has become a landmark, attracting tourists and art enthusiasts from all over the world. The ripple effect of her small action has not only transformed her neighborhood but has also ignited a citywide movement celebrating the role of art in creating positive change.
In this narrative, Sarah's decision to paint a mural exemplifies how a single small action can lead to a chain reaction of positive changes, creating a significant impact on the community, city, and even the art world at large. It showcases the potential power that lies within each individual to make a difference, no matter how small their actions may seem.
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Dear Dr. Rayhan,
It depends on the culture and the location to answer this question. Furthermore, the empirical research shows that not everyone may experience the expected results of this sort of art in the same way, as some populations may interpret their wellness differently depending on the extent to which they are more interested in community involvement than others.
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Which one is better and more useful?
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R-is good!
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I am working on environmental impact assessment(EIA) of PDH/PP plant of a company and our team are suffering from lack of information about it's risks, contaminants and management systems for air, soil and water. I will be thankful if you share your information with me.
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Crisis and emergency alert http://youtu.be/Ng1-KJueYiU Time for the people to stand together to bypass, help us build the bypass. We have the foundation's know
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Does anyone have any case studies on the Environmental Impact of Milk Production?
Environmental Impact of a Dairy is what I studied but unfortunately it is completely different with that of the Milk Production
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Faraed Salman THankyou for sharing both the links and I personally read the shared articles and publications and the second one is quite interesting which shows the environmental impact of the dairy industry which is yes connected to the question raised by me and this is in the circular economy and the part of the question, thank you for your time and the publications you had shared.
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Hello everyone,
I am trying to model the process stage (Gate to Gate) of FDM on SimaPro. I understand that I need to decide upon my inputs and outputs as well as system boundary before doing that. I am trying to do this properly and was wondering if anyone can advise more on this methodology (i.e., how to decide upon the values for the raw material input and electricity?, etc...).
Any response is very much appreciated. Thank you.
Useful Article: Methodology for systematic analysis and improvement of manufacturing unit process life-cycle inventory (UPLCI) —CO2PE! initiative (cooperative effort on process emissions in manufacturing). Part 1: Methodology description.
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For FDM SimaPro modelling in gate-to-gate first you should have clear system boundaries based on the research scope. I would like to suggest the following research articles for in-depth study:
Hope them helps you
Best regards,
Shuraik
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I am trying to value natural capital as an input into a mining investment decision. Does anyone have any ideas how this might be achieved? Or can you provide me with references?
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This is a sort of financial ecosystem services for which you can consult this book
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I need that for my research 
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HI, Can any of you please share the document again, as the link mentioned above is empty now? Searching for the report for long!
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We are at an era where the technical assessment of processes is digitized. The question that arises is whether in life cycle analysis there are some good practices for digitizing the way in which we assess the environmental indicators through LCA. Excluding the case of buildings, where commercial software already exists (Tally, OneClickLCA) for automatic extraction of life cycle analysis indicators from digital BIM models, are there other cases where the environmental assessment of processes with LCA is done in an automated and digitized way?
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In the computer modeling and simulation of floatovoltaic systems in marine environments or freshwater reservoirs, a floating PV photovoltaic array performance model and simulation must characterize the hydrologic impact of floating PV. The same time-series evaporation modelling challenge exists for modeling agrivoltaic PV energy systems. A key aspect is predicting the FSPV or FPV irrigation reservoir water evaporation benefits in the sustainability assessment for sustainable development energy projects. Quantifying evaporative water-saving as a hydrologic impact feature is a crucial project viability metric in a techno-economic model for FPV hydropower hybrid performance models for hydroelectric facilities, or to estimate floating PV array operating temperature or floating PV module internal cell temperature changes in comparative studies for floating FPV and ground-mounted PV or GPV.
Computer estimation of evaporation time-series from a water surface of a water basin or wastewater basin is often calculated in Matlab or Python through mathematical evaporation models, by using parameters such as solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, water temperature, wind velocity, etc. While various applications and modifications of the Penman method, Penman-Monteith equations or Priestley-Taylor evaporation rates are used to predict or determine evapotranspiration rates in various solar water pond cover configurations, and PV floater design types as a sustainability indicator.
However, most water surface modeling or reservoir evaporation methodologies seem to be based on average daily solar irradiation rates, meaning real-time simulation model predictions need to be adapted to account for more instantaneous hour-to-hour solar irradiation data model inputs, ambient temperature variations, wind variations, airmass, relative humidity, water temperature or weather prediction data obtained from remote sensing and weather prediction data.
In a recent publication (link below) on the environmental impact assessment of floating solar PV, we propose a method to time-normalize the hourly predictions of floating solar PV evaporation rates in a water-energy-land-food nexus metric. I would like to know from researchers and scientists if literature is available to discuss other scientific data engineering options for hour-to-hour or even-minute-to-minute evaporation rate estimations on open water surfaces as a means to quantify the evaporation savings of an FPV prototype in a real-time simulation model:
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Excellent question flagged here. Would be eager to know more.
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I would like to include LCA as additional tool for my research and papers. Looking for someone dealing with polymers and composites to cooperate and learn a bit.
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Dear Aleksander,
I am a PhD student who applies the LCA methodology to different biotechnological processes. I have recently written an article, which is being reviewed by the journal, on the production of a PLA biopolymer obtained from the revalorization of an agro-industrial waste stream.
Best regards,
Ana.
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Hello,
we are searching for publications on the occurrence of European nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) in solar parcs. Does the species breed and/or feed there? How do the photovoltaic modules affect the occurrence of the species?
Thank you for your replies.
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In the following metastudy (in german) it is stated for one area (Turnow-Prellack) that European nightjar was recorded breeding in the border areas of the solarpark. The circumference and the adjacent pine forests were used in an intensity four to eight times higher than the inner zone of the parc by hoopoe, wood lark, wheatear, tawny pipit, great grey shrike and nightjar
If you have more information on that topic, please let me know.
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What are the indicator for EIA effectiveness ?
How to measure the EIA effectiveness?
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EIA is effective if it translates sound and ethical scientific judgment into developmental planning!
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Developing countries are assessing environmental impacts by using environmental impact assessment tools but SEA practice is lacking. What are the root cause for non applying SEA strategically?.
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Thomas B. Fischer Rightly said, all nations are struggling!
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I have life cycle impact categories data based on ReCiPe method but I am wondering if it is possible to use the characterization factor somehow to convert the data according to CML.
Thanks!
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ReCiPe, a method developed in 2008 between universities is to transform long list of life cycle inventory into limited number of indicator scores. These indicator scores express relative severity on environmental impact category. It is determined at two levels – 18 midpoint indicators and 3 endpoint indicators. Each of them include factors to three cultural perspectives – Individualist; Hierarchist and Eglitarian (long term). The major disadvantage of this method is that it does not include future impacts as it is presumed to be already incorporated.
CML 2001 restricts quantitative modelling to early stages in the cause-effect chain to limit uncertainties. Results are grouped in midpoint categories according to common mechanisms (e.g. climate change) or commonly accepted groupings (e.g. ecotoxicity). CML 2001 is developed by the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Normalisation factors for CML 2001 are available for EU and the World. The normalisation factors are calculated via total substance emissions and characterisation factors per substance, and are hence following the substance level updates as described.
Since the objectives and factors considered are different, it will not be wise to convert as it would lose the entire theme of interpretation.
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Hello,
I am wondering if anyone can conduct an ESIA study or does it have to be a person with specific credentials. Does it also have to be certified. If yes, what certifications are available.
Thanks a lot!
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EIA includes a chapter on Socioeconomics which covers baseline, impact and mitigation due to the project. The Management Plan of EIA is supposed to include the actions desired to improve social status around the project when it comes up.
SIA, similar to EIA is different from 'Socioeconomics' in the sense that it is a detailed evaluation of social status both current, impact due to proposed activity, suggested mitigation as well. More importantly, the management plan here should be elaborate addressing specific action by the project authorities.
Both the exercises goes through the 'Country's Regulation' process prior to approval of the said activity.
There are EIA consultants who include Socioeconomics expert in their team to take care of EIA requirement. However, there are special agencies like, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), India who specialise in SIA.
Hope this meets your requirement.
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I am working on LCA and Simapro software, I have trouble inputting parameters. For example, when I want to choose Seawater as input, there is no exact choice with my specs such as concentration of salts or etc. What should I do? Should I define the parameter as a new project?
Thanks,
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Of course yes Dr. Bordbar - please go ahead and define so that you have clarity on your research. All the best.
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If yes/no...what is the objective and basic approach, standards, instrument to include ecosystem services in the EIA, as the services has a potential impact and direct relation with human well being.
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It is necessary to establish total economic values of ecosystems like coral reefs. Otherwise, just with ecosystem services the economic impact is underestimated which favors unsustainable development with very low cost of shadow projects. Learn from our case studies FOLLOW https://www.facebook.com/ICRI.COLOMBIA/ y twitter @ArrecifesCoral y @ICRIcolombia Instagram ObservatorioArrecifesCoral Youtube ICRI COLOMBIA
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Kindly send me the calculation procedure with references
I got a relationship on google but i dont know either its right or wrong
Using an unit convertor of 1Mt = 1.67 g/kWh (100-year energy generation is 6*1011kWh)
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Hello how can I convert grams of carbondioxide equivalent to kg carbondioxide equivalent. Thanks
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Can anybody help in knowing the impact factor of International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies?
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IJFAS is a predatory journal. Hence, it is advisable not to submit your articles to it.
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The check dams used as torrent control works have some characteristics - in my opinion - which are neither quite those of retention dams (hydraulic structures) nor quite those of retaining walls. So, taking into account their behavior over their period of existence (50 to 100 years), a short period the check dam works as a hydraulic structure subject of hydrostatic/hydrodynamic pressures. Then, after the upstream sector is completely filled with sediments, it works as retaining wall, perodically submited to floods. I put this question because, verifying such a structure using Eurocode 7 I obtain larger dimensions than using the old global factors of safety. And a more than 100 years of experience shows that economically the last approach is better. 
According with the experience and technical regulations in the European countries, are them subject of Eurocode 7 or of some special regulations? 
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Check dams reduce erosion of the area around the highway. They can be designed also using EC 2 ON CONCRETE STRUCTURES.
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We already know that climate change is leading to a significant increase in sea surface are and reasons are quite obvious. But the question is, how can elevated atmospheric temperature influence underground aquifers? or does it?  
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Yes it affects the groundwater by it's negative impact on soil filtration and raising temperature degrees which reduce the amount of groundwater
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Currently, I have a set of LCIA values reported in IMPACT 2002+ format. For sake of comparison, I would need this to be converted to ReCiPe 2016 format. Anybody have an idea whether this is feasible?, If so, how?
The valid contribution(s) will be greatly acknowledged and appreciated.
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I am not sure how helpful my answer would be. But if you used an LCA software like GaBi or simapro, you can then select the LCIA methodology you want and it does not require that you change your inventory at all. Using GaBi, you can copy your plan and evaluate the impacts based on ReCiPe, or you can just change the LCIA methodology in the same plan. However, to do the comparison itself, you may need to transfer your results to a spreadsheet.
I suspect that you will find significant difference between the results as most LCIA methodologies are developed using similar concepts. What you may find, however, is that the two methods don't cover exactly the same impact categories.
I hope it helps.
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secondary products such as Alkaloids; phenol and others defense from climate effects such as Temperature, toxins and pollutants?
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There are reports and complain on the non implementation of rulings of the courts and other dispute settlement bodies which are in favor of the local communities affected by these environmental pollution in the Niger Delta Nigeria. Does any one has any information on the above assertion. Whether in the form of book or Article, journal or caselaws.
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@ Olalekan Adekola, please I need a copy of these article "Adekola, O., Whanda, S., & Ogwu, F. (2012). Assessment of policies and legislation that affect management of wetlands in Nigeria. Wetlands, 32(4), 665-677" It is not free online.
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I came through to the Canadian climate GCM data download portal (http://www.cccma.ec.gc.ca/data/cgcm4/CanESM2/rcp26/day/atmos/hfls/index.shtml ) in which some ensembles are given. I am not sure which one should be used. I am working on impacts of temperature changes and will be using downscaling techniques.
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This paper on "Representative general circulation models selection and downscaling of climate data" might be helpful:
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Are there studies on how various ways of visualizing impact assessments (SEAs or EIAs) affect how the results are percieved? By various ways, I mean for example using set numerical values (-3 <--> +3) or colour gradients (dark red <--> dark green) describing value, impact and consequence as opposed to just plain text.
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Good Answer Colin Tilbrook
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The results of the concrete experiments can be used to build up a model to determine the power consumption of an equipment and to establish the scale-up method. The Life Cycle Assessment for concrete is an important part of the LCA of buildings. The total life cycle of concrete can be developed in a complex way from the production phase through the usage to the end-of-life stage with the help of information modules of the EPD. For comparative LCAs there is a necessity to analyse, whether there are influences on environmental loads due to scale up. There are effects which should be taken into consideration for such scale-up prognosis in LCA.
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Following.
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Tires are an important part of solid waste in Peru's small-scale ports and fishing villages. I need to make a report about them. But in some years of garbage was not weighed, only images are available. If the tire density (typical) is achieved, it is possible to estimate the weight of the tires of the waste. I have searched in scientific journals without success. I did a test to measure density but I need a published source.
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Hi Dear Jose,
You may consult the following document regarding your question. You will find all necessary information on mechanical properties of an automobile scrap tire.
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I currently study the possibility of an environmental assessment of viable biowaste management systems for São Paulo, Brazil. The objective of the study is to support policy decision making in a strategic scope. This inevitably led me to a life cycle assessment (LCA). Although, several obstacles led me to consider modelling it in Microsoft Excel:
- Softwires and inventories for life cycle are normally paid, a not viable option to non-funded research in developing countries.
- The objective is to develop a viable framework to municipalities/states with low technical and economic capacity. Excel is a simplified, yet the most viable option to make it accessible for policy making.
- Brazil does not have an extensive and consistent life cycle inventories database yet. Thus, most databases have a huge uncertainty about Brazilian conditions, as these are based on different environmental conditions for emission factors (as example use on land emissions of fertilizers in tropical soil). In this context, inventories in national reports, thesis and other sources present as more convincing sources of data.
- LCA softwires and inventories normally are not as transparent as Excel in allowing several changes in programming code, simulation, etc.
So, is it scientific accurate yet or would it not be considered a LCA as do not follow good practices guidelines (as ILCD)?
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Victor Hugo Argentino de Morais Vieira you have yourself included the answer to your question in the end. Here is my take on your points:
- Calculation (not modelling) in excel is possible but has its own limitations. With the help of characterization factors you can at the most calculate carbon and energy footprints but not other impacts. Plus it will not be possible to create all the background processes in excel as mentioned by Edwin.
- You can write to the SimaPro distributor in Brazil who can make the academic version available to you free of cost.
- Yes, excel is easy but would you want the policy makers to see the results and your recommendations or give them the excel to understand ?!
- Unit based (not system based) processes in SimaPro are extremely transparent and you can see every input and output of all the background processes. You can copy and create your own processes if the local inputs are different. I would not be worried about the code and simulations as long as I have all the inventories of background processes in front of me.
- Finally your last point is the key.....Yes it will not be technically accurate to conduct LCA in excel as your results will give the incomplete and biased picture. Plus it will be difficult for you to answer all the queries in case you go for ISO /third party review of your report.
Since you want to conduct it for policy makers, I would suggest to go for a complete and technically correct LCA as per the ISO guideline. All the best!
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Thank you all dear respected scientists, as far as I know and working on metals , Chromium (VI) considered to be one of the most toxic metal/element if present in drinking water and its compounds cause mutations and allied effects such as chromosomal aberrations.
The carcinogenicity of chromium, especially with regard to lung tumours, has also been investigated in a number of inhalation studies; in other studies, the chromium was administered by implantation or injection. Based on all the available studies, it has been concluded that there is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of calcium, lead, strontium, and zinc chromates (chromium(VI)); limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of chromium trioxide (chromic acid) and sodium dichromate; and inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of other chromium(VI) and chromium(IIII) compounds and of metallic chromium [ International Agency for Research on Cancer. Some metals and metallic compounds. Lyon, 1980:205-323 (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Vol. 23). ; International Agency for Research on Cancer. Chromium, nickel and welding. Lyon, 1990 (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 49). ].
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I am researching on Globalisation and Environmental impact Assessment in oil producing state in Nigeria. I want to know the major drivers of environmental impact Assessment
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Public participation is very important in proper and extensive assessment of environmental impact.
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Hi. I am trying to help provide some rough advice for selecting amongst alternative sampling designs to measure bird density or abundance. The surveys are short-term in duration such as for impact assessments and habitat association studies. In this instance, I am looking at rough guidelines for how to select where to sample (survey design) and not how to sample (survey method). Attached is a rough first draft of a decision tree (see attachment) to select between various forms of study design ranging from conducting a census to spatially balanced sampling & stratified random designs. Do you have thoughts and suggestions? Is neglecting to include simple random sampling a fatal flaw for example? If so, where would you place it? Of course, the main advice will be to consult with a biostatistician, but hopefully this (with come accompanying text and references) can provide some rough guideance and be a starting point for that conversation. Literature, debate and suggestions welcome and appreciated.
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Steven L. Van Wilgenburg I agree with your last post. Have you tried searching the relevant literature?. If I were doing it I would do it as I advised in a recent post. Divide you total area up into strata and take a simple random sample from each stratum. My post here should help:
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As Allison Aubrey and Dan Charles reported today on Morning Edition, meat has more of an impact on the environment than any other food we eat. That's because livestock require so much more food, water, land, and energy than plants to raise and transport. (Listen to the audio above for their conversation with Morning Edition's Linda Wertheimer.)
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The resources needed for meat production are multiple times of that required for vegetation.
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Greetings everyone. Do anyone here have experience on quantifying impacts of horizontal stacks among marginal field operations in petroleum related industry
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I do not have direct experience, but i know people who might. I will see what I can come up with. Most E&P companies prefer not to stack test the field equipment so data is not easy to come by. That said, some of the US states require generator testing, many of which have horizontal stacks, so there is some data if you talk to the right people.
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While there are increasing support for floating solar panels over water bodies, research on floating photovoltaic power plant assessments in the field of sustainable energy technologies and assessments are studying the negative and positive side effects, including environmental and techno-economic impacts of floating solar panel projects?
The First Global Floating Solar Conference recently stated that: floatovoltaics or floating PV (FPV) preserves agricultural farmland as it reduces the land footprint for ground-mounted solar projects, while the floating solar economic surface transformation (EST) can be defined as the $ income generated from previously unused water surface now tranformed by floating solar to generate income from power and other sources such as agronomic income from saved agricultural land (Prinsloo, 2021).
What are positive impacts of putting floating solar panels over a water body like the ocean or irrigation dams, rivers, canals (including scientific references) ?
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Theoratically, it looks very fascinating to use Floating Solar Panels in a water body like an ocean, irrigation canal, dam, river or a lake etc. but there are many practical difficulties of putting them in any of the above mentioned water bodies. If it is necessary to use them in a water body due to the reasons mentioned by my fellow scientists, then I recommend that they may be installed near the coast of the ocean or banks of the rivers/ canals for their safety and design a waterway to cool them down. Thanks
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Can someone help me to find good case study related to impacts of large dam construction?
especially I want to know about - social impacts, environmental impacts, cultural impacts, human impacts
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Especially in metropolitan areas.
Which one has the highest impacting today?
Which heavy metal have the highest pollution rate in urban soils todays?
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Excellent question and answers, according to our team study in Iran: lead in water pipes , traffic intensity , residential wastes , vehicles and urban industries !
Please kindly see the attached article!
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I want to make a map for gas pipeline geo-hazard for my Thesis but I cant find a appropriate model. 
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Dear Francisco
I agree with you, but remember that to use MAUT you must be able to determine the utility functions, and that is not easy
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Soil is an important source for heavy metals in crops and vegetables since the plants’ roots can absorb these pollutants from soil, and transfer them to seeds which through this can effect on humans, but what about soils in urban areas?
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Human Nutrient Supply from Soils
A mere 11 elements constitute 99.9% of the atoms in the human body. These are typically divided into major and minor elements. The four major elements, H, O, C, and N, make up approximately 99% of the human body, and seven minor elements, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, and Cl, make up another 0.9% of the body (Combs 2005). Approximately 18 additional elements — called trace elements — are considered essential in small amounts to maintain human life. However, human health experts do not universally agree on the exact number and identity of these trace elements. Out of the approximately 29 elements considered essential for human life, 18 are either essential or beneficial to plants and are obtained from soil, and most of the other elements can be taken up from the soil by plants (Brevik 2013a).
Negative Health Effects
Heavy Metals
Exposure to heavy metals through soil contact is a major human health concern. Arsenic is a metalloid, but it is commonly grouped with the heavy metals. The heavy metals of greatest concern for human health include: As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn (Fergusson 1990). Heavy metals enter soils naturally through the weathering of rocks, but they have also been introduced into soils through human activity. Heavy metals are the by-products of mining ores, and they are present in mine spoils and in the immediate surroundings of metal processing plants. Heavy metals are released into soils from landfills that contain industrial and household wastes and from sewage sludge that comes from wastewater treatment plants. E-wastes, or wastes associated with electronic appliances, are an increasing source of Pb, Sb, Hg, Cd, and Ni in the soil (Robinson 2009). Urban soils are particularly susceptible to significant accumulations of heavy metals from automobile exhaust, coal burning, erosion of metal structures, and refuse incineration. In agricultural settings, the use of fertilizers, manures, and pesticides has also contributed to the accumulation of heavy metals in soils (Senesi et al. 1999). Arsenic has been used in pesticides, and the build-up of arsenic in orchard soils is problematic since it may persist for decades (Walsh et al. 1977). The heavy metals with the most toxicity in humans, including Cd, Pb, Hg, and As, are those with no biological function that disrupt enzymatic activities commonly affecting the brain and kidneys (Hu 2002).
Organic Chemicals
Organic chemicals have been deposited into the soil both naturally and anthropogenically, and many of the organic chemicals deposited into the air and water eventually end up in the soil. Soil contamination with organic chemicals is a serious problem in all nations (Aelion 2009). A large amount of these organic chemicals come from the agricultural application of herbicides, insecticides, and nematicides (Figure 2). Soil pollution with organic chemicals is not limited to farming areas. Soils in urban areas are also polluted with organic chemicals as a result of industrial activities, coal burning, motor vehicle emissions, waste incineration, and sewage and solid waste dumping (Leake et al. 2009). Both farming and urban areas have soil contamination that includes a complex mixture of organic chemicals, metals, and microorganisms caused by municipal and domestic septic system waste, farm animal waste, and other biowastes (Pettry et al. 1973). A more recent health concern includes pharmaceutical waste derived from antibiotics, hormones, and antiparasitic drugs used to treat humans and domestic animals (Albihn 2001).
The most common types of organic chemicals found in soil include polyhalogenated biphenyls, aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides, herbicides, fossil fuels, and the by-products of fossil fuel combustion (Burgess 2013). These organic chemicals are highly diluted in the upper layers of the soil, and they form chemical mixtures used in reactions involving microorganisms. We have very little toxicological information about the health effects of these chemical mixtures (Carpenter et al. 2002). Studies of the health effects of low concentrations and mixtures of these chemicals in soil have been very limited (Feron et al. 2002). Due to the very long half-lives of many organic chemicals, they are referred to as "persistent organic pollutants." These persistent organic pollutants are organic chemicals that resist decomposition in the environment and bioaccumulate as they move up the food chain. An example of this is 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), which was shown to disrupt the hormonal systems of raptors (Vega et al. 2007).
Airborne Dust
Airborne dust can impact human health, especially when the particles are less than 10 microns in size (Monteil 2008). The main direct health effect of inhaled dust is irritation of the respiratory passages and diseases, such as lung cancer. However, airborne dust can carry additional materials, such as pathogens, harmful gases, organic chemicals, heavy metals, insects, pollen, and radioactive materials, that can cause other health problems (Bartos et al. 2009). Humans can breathe airborne dust containing toxicants into the lungs, where the toxicants may enter the bloodstream. Cultivation for agricultural production and deflation (wind erosion) from unpaved road and work sites and denuded fields can introduce dusts into the atmosphere. Airborne dust from Africa is a significant health concern for North American soils. Clouds of dust from the Sahara and Sahel deserts follow the trade winds across the Atlantic Ocean, and African dust has been linked to elevated levels of Hg, Se, and Pb in North American soils (Garrison et al. 2003). The number of asthma cases in the United States more than doubled between 1980 and 2000, and asthma rates have also increased in the Caribbean (Brevik 2013a). Airborne dust from Africa has been tentatively linked to increased asthma in North America (Monteil 2008).
Soil Pathogens Although most organisms found in soil are not harmful to humans, soil does serve as a home for many pathogenic organisms. Bacteria are the most abundant type of organism in soil, and they are found in every soil on Earth. Most fungi are saprophytes that absorb nutrients by aiding in the decomposition of dead organisms, but approximately 300 soil fungi species out of the more than 100,000 total fungi species are known to cause disease in humans (Bultman et al. 2005) (Figure 3). For example, the soil fungus Exserohilium rostratum was responsible for the 2012 fungal meningitis outbreak in the United States (Brevik & Burgess 2013a). Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms. Most protozoa found in soil feed on bacteria and algae, but some cause human parasitic diseases such as diarrhea and amoebic dysentery (Brevik 2013a). Helminths are parasites that may inhabit the human intestines, lymph system, or other tissues. Diseases caused by helminths require a non-animal development site or reservoir for transmission, and the soil is a common development site. Billions of people are infected by helminths worldwide each year, with an estimated 130,000 deaths annually. Helminth infections generally occur through ingestion or skin penetration, and in most cases involve infection of the intestines (Bultman et al. 2005). The soil is not a natural reservoir for viruses, but viruses are known to survive in soil. Pathogenic viruses are usually introduced into soil through human septic or sewage waste. Viruses that cause conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, polio, aseptic meningitis, or smallpox have all been found in soil (Hamilton et al. 2007; Bultman et al. 2005).
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The physical and chemical properties,
Toxicity,
Impacts on human, animals, plants, soils, waters, ...
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Well, According to WHO, 2011
Guideline value; 0.02 mg/l (20 µg/l) Occurrence; Concentrations in groundwater less than 0.001 µg/l; concentrations in surface water less than 0.2 µg/l; concentrations in drinking-water appear to be less than 5 µg/l .
Tolerable daily intake (TDI) 6 µg/kg body weight, based on a NOAEL of 6.0 mg/kg body weight per day for decreased body weight gain and reduced food and water intake in a 90-day study in which rats were administered potassium antimony tartrate in drinking-water, using an uncertainty factor of 1000 (100 for interspecies and intraspecies variation, 10 for the short duration of the study).
Regards
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Some researchers at Cornell have developed stacked rapid sand filtration technology for use in the developing world.  As I understand it, it is useful for doing what traditional rapid sand filtration does, but you can use it in small to medium size municipalities in the developing world where the electrical power required for backwashing is not as available and/or reliable.
We are trying to see how well this technology might work to improve water quality from a nearby river in a rural jungle region of Honduras.  It is just an attempt.  It may work terribly.  I just thought I would see if anyone had any helpful opinions or advice about SRSF and/or its use in various contexts.
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It can be a good alternative, but never forgetting the qualitative control of the water resources that will be filtered and their respective uses.
Regards!
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Hazardous waste from incinerator plant
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The solid residues from gas cleaning of municipal solid waste incineration, in particular, the fly ashes, are in most countries classified as hazardous waste because of their high inventory of soluble salts, especially chlorides of alkali metals, leachable heavy metals, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs).
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I am participating in an update of an Envrionmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of a mining poject, so I need to evaluate the real impact of this project and compare it (qualitatively and quantitatively) with the EIA aprroved to see if the Environmental Management Strategy is working or not . I want to know if there is a methodology to do this.
I've been searching for information and I have found something about environmental indicators, but I don't get it yet. I'd like to you to help me, any suggestion and information will be a great support for me. Thank you.
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As Lasisi said, great deal depends on the data you have that predates the project in question. The sources, the methodologies used to gather the data etc. all being factors in assessing the quality, reliability and usability of that data. It's all too often the case that there's an absence of baseline data.
Developing your research to build new post-project data based on thorough and detailed data gathering is of course key, but without baseline data you've got a more difficult issue in that you're forced to use external data for triangulation and analysis.
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Like some check list, impact risk factors, environment matrix
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If we want to study an area of tourist interest for bringing it under the concept of Eco-tourism, what parameters should be selected? Or what aspect we have to study and analyse? What changes are expected to convert tourism in to Eco-tourism?
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Ecotourism can be defined by three core criteria: nature, learning and sustainability. The ecotourist market has been segmented by the nature and learning criteria only. It has been assumed that ecotourists are environmentally concerned and therefore sustainability is a factor in their decision-making. However, little empirical research has confirmed this assumption. This study surveyed 243 respondents participating in an ecotourism experience in Australia. It identified ecotourists according to the nature and learning criteria as per previous segmentation studies. Pro-environmental attitudes were measured as an indication of their support for sustainability. Results revealed no significant differences in pro-environmental attitudes between those identified as ecotourists and those considered non-ecotourists. While demand exists for nature and learning experiences, compliance with the sustainability criterion seems to be no more a factor in ecotourist decision-making than for mainstream tourists. Implications are that market segmentation research should consider all relevant criteria when segmenting a market for a particular product to ensure supply matches demand. However, demand for certain products can be created by innovative marketing practices. This would enable the ecotourism industry to respond to the market's demand for nature and learning, but also influence the behaviour and structure of the market with regard to sustainability.
Narelle Beaumont (2011) The third criterion of ecotourism: are ecotourists more concerned about sustainability than other tourists?, Journal of Ecotourism, 10:2, 135-148, DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2011.555554
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Usually EIAs involve detailed descriptions of the impacts of a project. Whereas LCIA studies focus on a specific product or process. Is there any field of study integrating both of these approaches for Impact Assessment in any way?
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Both LCA and EIA have the same basic purpose of supporting decision making on the environmental aspects of a major project. Studies have shown that both LCA and EIA can compliment and add value to each other. You can follow below articles:
  1. SETAC-Europe Working Group on Conceptually Related Programmes, Life cycle assessment and conceptually related programmes. (1997) SETAC-Europe, Brussels. http://www.setac.org/ht docs/files/crpapfin.pdf Accessed September 29, 2008.
  2. A. Tukker, Life cycle assessment as a tool in environmental impact assessment. Environ. Impact Assessment Rev. 20 (2000) 435 -456.
  3. G. Finnveden and Å. Moberg, Environmental systems analysis tools – an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (2005) 1165 -1173.
  4. G. Finnveden, M. Nilsson, J. Johansson, Å. Persson, Å. Moberg, T. Carlsson, Strategic environmental assessment methodologie s – application within the energy sector. Environ. Impact Assessment Rev. 23 (2003) 91 -123
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Generally human habitat can be defined as a living place. This does not explain the way and effects of natural resources used in that particular habitat by humans.
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My Definition for the Human Habitat
Human habitat could be defined as a human colony established within the interface between highland and lowland expanding vertically, integrating all power lines, telecommunication lines, sewerage and drainage lines, along the colony with coordinated solid waste management program and having farmlands either side of the colony while safeguarding the highland and lowland ecosystem resilience and surface and ground water resources.
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Please who has the statutory instruments and sectoral guidelines (of any country) for the following procedures: Environmental impact assessment, Health impact assessment, Social impact assessment, Strategic environmental assessment, Renewable energy and Biophysical EIA? Thanks.
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Peter, if you are asking for these materials in respect of the Nigerian EIA, go the Federal Ministry of Environment website at https://ead.gov.ng/environmental-guidelines-revision/ and downloag these stratutory instruments etc.
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The soil erosion rate level is different across the region, what is the acceptable erosion risk level for construction activity ? Any reference or comparison between country or region ?
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Dear Abdul Rahman Mahmud
A paper is attached. It can be useful for your question.
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The best design consideration in design sediment basin.
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A few ideas. The size of basin with respect to drainage area and expected storm flow. The residence time for suspended solids to settle before discharge. The length or path distance that sediment would have to move within the sediment basin before being discharged. The type of sediments - storing clays is especially difficult to settle without sufficient storage time. Maintenance of sediment basin - will it be maintained on regular schedule, or just built and left. Sediment sources and activities in watershed. If capacity is exceeded, would the sediment basin fail or have emergency overflow? How long is sediment basin supposed to operate, short term associated with an activity and mitigation, or long term due to recurrent sediment issues and need for low sediment to support downstream uses, water treatment, etc. Consider type of upstream contributing streams - gullies and steep gradients deliver sediments efficiently, while upstream braided streams are result of high sediment load, and they also tend to be accumulating sediment (aggrading). What is potential for contributing upstream activities such as channelization, road development and land clearing, urbanization, etc. If not familiar with Roehl (about 1962), he developed sediment delivery ratio from drainage size using ponds and dams. His results suggest that the larger the contributing drainage area and associated reservoir, the greater efficiency at removing sediments, and one might also assume that larger watersheds often have ability to store some sediment on their floodplains.
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Does anyone know an article about the application of digestate (residues from renewable energy production) on pasture or grassland and its effect on soil and yields? Thank you.
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What is its impact on aquatic animals?
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Linking two freshwater rivers is likely to to place the downstream channel in a state of disequilibrium, causing channel adjustments, erosion, sediment delivery to estuarine and marine systems. Some anadromous species have strict limits on their native waters, combining streams can alter their migration pattern, introduce species to areas not natural, alter habitats so no longer useful to some native species. But it is hard to predict or give exact effects.
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I am trying to measure plasma estradiol-17β by using Cayman ELISA kit. The detection limit is 6.6~4,000 pg/ml. It is difficult to measure low estradiol-17β concentration in cows, since these samples should be less than 1 pg/mg. The plasma is extracted by methylene chloride according to the manufacture's instruction. Could you provide good methods for measuring estradiol-17β in cows?
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Hi
In most cases, if the concentration your sample is higher than range of detection limit, diluted sample plasma and calculated according to the instructions of the ELISA kit. But in this case, it seems to be used another commercial kit (with a lower detection limit).
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Do you know a reliable resource or a database that can give me information on either of CO2/GHG emission, energy consumption, water consumption of objects (furniture and appliances etc) so that I can measure a baseline environmental performance for a bedroom or a room? I assume this information should have calculated the life-cycle of the objects and appliances.
I appreciate your help or any advice in this respect.
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In the Solomon Islands where logging is very high, I wonder if EIA is being carried out, and the projects that are defined under EIA, does it cover Logging? This is because only Mining, large commercial buildings and projects such as dams are mentioned with regards to EIA.
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EIA obligations depend on national legislation. In case of foreign investment, requirements of the investor (e.g. shareholder company; World Bank) maybe more tight than national ones.
Often, EIA is limited de facto to built infrastructure: roads, reservoirs, power plants, power lines, mines, airports and so on at private land and/or by private investors. Cropping, livestock breeding and forestry are included in some countries under certain conditions (see above Herath: size). In case of state forest, National Park and untitled land, EIA is often `forgotten' when new roads, fences, water supply and other large public investment in infrastructure is planned, even when de jure the requirement exists. For forest there is often a long history of logging concessions. A new concession may not be legally subject to EIA. Often national EIA Regulations to implement the law are unprofessionally drafted and creating loopholes.
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Environmental Impact Assessment of Aqua park and Mari culture.
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yes, there is a thesis in 2011 related to this question. if I find it I will send to you
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Can anyone help me in stating the research article which incorporate the calculation of characterization factor for global warming (climate change)?
Thanks in advance.
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Of course, they are models; to paraphrase Box, 'All models are wrong', but that doesn't mean they are not useful. One solution to the problem you mention is using a combination of different metrics and different time horizons. I believe the paper you cite recommends using GWP20, GWP100, GTP20 and GTP100 to help circumvene the respective weaknesses of different metrics. The inclusion of time in LCA is also a relevant matter, but might not be relevant for the author's question. I'd be happy to provide further links for related publications.
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is there any interesting quantum sensor to measure cosmo-telluric energy ?
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we are experiencing the radiation of another kind of energy (different from heat and special radiation) in a wavelength scale in an interval ]2000 A, 10000 A[. is it related to the radiance energy I tried to pointed out in a previous post.
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I am conducting a life cycle assessment of paints. I can not identify the production methodology of paint that are used in buildings. I want to identify the paint production methodology or methodologies for pain production. Please provide reliable literature sources if available.
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First you have to see that what kind of paint you are going to use, is it water based paint or oil based paint. If both are being used then what are the proportion for both of them. In fact, the apint industry itself has only the grinding and mixing as the main operation. But as life cycle perspective you will have to see for the upstream processes as well; production of fillers, pigments, additives, and most importantly the binders.
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I need to use these data of RCP. But, I am not sure which one I should use. The link to data portal is http://www.cccma.ec.gc.ca/data/cgcm4/CanESM2/rcp26/day/atmos/clt/index.shtml
Can anyone tell me the difference between these files?
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rN, N is the number of ensemble members
iN, N is the number of different initialization states
pN, N is the number of used physical parameterizations.
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Substantial amount of green leaf biomass accumulates during the post-monsoon season, which could be used for some productive purposes like fermentation, fodder and green manure etc.
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Another interesting thing about the timing of leaf shedding is that it seems to corresponds to autumn, when their lineage do so in north temperate lands pointing to their origin.
Obianuju P. Umeji
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I am currently conducting a research on Life Cycle Assessment of Cement. I am trying to find all the methods available in the total life cycle of cement production and find the best available method out of them. With respect to environmental impact only.
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If you want an extensive description of most available commercial techniques you can find them in the IPPC BAT reference document here: http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/CLM_30042013_DEF.pdf
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We have been using crude methanol extracts for the performing the EIA but now we wish to perform HPLC, but the sample contains many visible contaminants and we wish to clean up them, I wish to know is there any better way to clean the samples other than using SPE C18 cartridges? If we are using C18 cartridges can they be reused? Any suggestions regarding this matter will be a great help.
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First of all, I need to know the nature of the compound as much as possible. if you ask me to find your friend at the market, I need to know what he or she looksnlike?
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Geothermal Energy has long been regarded as Green Energy's silver bullet. And rightly so because of its potential as a stable, secure, environmentally friendly and a cheap Energy resource. But there are some obstacles.
Firstly, Not everyone lives on top of a Volcano! Unlike wind and solar installations which can be built more or less anywhere, Geothermal Power Plants can only be built on geological hotspots that exists less than 10 % of our planet. Secondly, even in hot spots like Iceland, Engineers must deal with the most daunting technical challenge facing geothermal. Drilling! That's because all successful Geothermal ventures require three vital elements. Hot Rock, Water and close proximity to the resource. Thirdly, money and potential exploration risks are additional issues to be dealt with.
Remote Sensing techniques have been aiding in identification of Geothermal Hot spots with thermal anomaly, geological and mineral mapping studies. Geophysical techniques such as resistivity, gravity, seismic and geodetic measurements are valuable in the exploration phase. Next, Geochemical sampling and analysis takes over. RS & GIS are also applicable in Environment Impact Assessments after a Geothermal Power Plant is set up. Recent developments have seen the arrival of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAVs) for geothermal exploration.
What are the challenges faced by the Geothermal Explorers in different locations such as Indonesia, Kenya, US, Philippines, Japan, Iceland, NZ, Aus., EU and elsewhere. Are there any potential hazards due to their proximity to Volcanic systems.  
Requesting all subject-matter experts to enlighten with their relevant answers.
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India has identified seven geothermal provinces with probable extraction of industrial scale. Challenges are many. First of all to delineate the shallow or deep reservoir, entire geothermal field needs to be mapped. The development of conceptual model of geothermal field is must. For this, geophysical exploration data will certainly be required so that predicted conceptual model is conceivable and acceptable. Once the conceptual model is accepted, next conceiving the heat transport mechanism properly corresponding to the identified reservoir in a geothermal field is must for proper estimation of extraction temperature.
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In marine ecosystems, water pollution may give rise to the proliferation of algae and bacteria through eutrophicaton. Is there an organism that benefits from air pollution from vehicles and factories?
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Though not exactly benefiting a particular organism, certain phenotypes of an organism have benefited from air pollution. The most well known example of this, commonly taught in evolutionary biology classes, is the case of the peppered moth, the first documented example of "industrial melanism" where the dominance of the white bodied type (Biston betularia f. typica) was superseded by the black type (Biston betularia f. carbonaria). The black type became dominant by virtue of its improved camouflage from predators caused by black carbon emissions darkening tree and other surfaces where the species rested. The effect was first observed by entomologist James William Tutt in the late 19th century following decades of industrial pollution in the Manchester region of the United Kingdom. The effect was studied more closely by Bernard Kettlewell in the 1950s. Following the Clean Air Act (1956) air quality improved and the white type, being better camouflaged against lighter coloured tree lichen- covered surfaces returned to dominance.
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Which hydrological framework is best suitable for climate change impact assessment and drainage basin study?
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SWAT
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I want to start my PhD research on Climate change impact assessment and adaptation in public health in Nigeria.I would like to know methodology to use tofor this research. I need to ask how can a specific methodology helps in defining the frontiers of my research. Can someone share a Conceptual framework on similar kind of research? I hope I can improve my question after your kind responses
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Can anyone give examples of published articles with genuine before-after control-impact studies of dams in the Amazon basin?
I have checked through numerous studies (for example cited in recent reviews e.g. in Lees et al 2016 ( http://riosvivos.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lees_et_al_Hydropower_and_Amazon_Biodiversity-Biodiv__Conserv.pdf ) and Alho 2011 ( ) .
But I could not find examples with both before-after and control-impact .
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Does somebody have details about the methodology and the procedure of the Environmental Impact Assessment in the Kyrgyz republic ?
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Dear Richard,
I come back after long time to inform you that we passed successfully two EIAs including public participation in the Kyrgyz Republic. Scope was the design for the rehabilitation of former uranium mining sites, which will be implemened now.
Best regards and all the best for the new year,
Petra
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I'm working on my MSc project and am searching academic papers on the subject. The title of my research at the moment is
"Developing processes to standardise baseline report of the impacts of a rail infrastructure development on the ecological environment, using FME for GIS analysis."
I'm having quite a bit of trouble in finding similar research.
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Environment Impact Assessment
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In India, what we follow is the EIA Notification issued by MoEF and there is no separate protocol. Kulvir Singh has very appropriately answered the question and suggested the link.
In case if you have any other confusion please let us know. For which specific aspect you thought you should have protocol for EIA ? Probably it is difficult to work out socioeconomic impact of the project.
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I'm working on my MSc project and am searching academic papers on the subject. The title of my research at the moment is
"Developing processes to standardise baseline report of the impacts of a rail infrastructure development on the ecological environment, using FME for GIS analysis."
I'm having quite a bit of trouble in finding similar research.
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In practice, even I was involved in a lot of EIAs, I have not faced the situation that somebody uses FME. The maps of EIA are usually made through GIS. Maybe the attached publications might be helpful as they use FME for data transformation to be used in GIS.