Environmental Bioremediation - Science topic

Using FAME-MIDI analysis they assign to genera. But related bacteria can have different profile and the results depends on cultivation conditions and isolation source.

So, You will need 16 S sequence and other analysis for your identification.

Hope this helps

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Gasification of organic material

Even if @ Innocent Ojeba Musa did not answer directly your question, his answer has a lot to do with philosophy how to solve bioremediation in real situations. It is very common to use autochthonous microbial consortia for bioremediation of contaminated sites using biostimulation instead of bioaugmentation. It is also our practice in the company ABITEC s.r.o. which is engaged in bioremediation business 30 years.

Best regards

Vit

Respected Sir Paul Milham, Thank you for your kind consideration. I'm using bacteria for the reduction of Cr (VI) into Cr (III) as literature read by me i.e., Young Hak et al., 2003, support that 1,5-diphenylcarbazide forms colored complex with Cr (VI). I'm using US EPA 7196A method which is for Cr (VI) detection and has been used by many authors for similar work of my interest. So dear sir, can you please recommend me some literature or protocols to detect Cr (III) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide so I can further enhance my knowledge with respect to your directions and apply in my experimental work.

Thank you in anticipation.

It is slowly, it is almost within three months

No Cactaceae have not the reputation to hyperaccumulate heavy metals.

Regards

This medium lacks nitrogen source, so it depend on the nutritional requirements and N sources is one of them?

This is dependent to the metal that you want to leach. Different metals can be dissolved at different reagents. As a general answer, today using organic acids as leaching reagent is very attractive. Because these acids are environmentally friendly reagent, especially if they are extracted from microorganisms such as aspergillus niger or penicillium.

Hello Dr. Anila P Ajayan ,

The following links may be of help to you:

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.692.1400&rep=rep1&type=pdf

http://www.ipcbee.com/vol41/028-ICEBB2012-R018.pdf

I sincerely hope these links provide you with the informations you seek.

With regards,

Dr. Abhishek Mukherjee

It depends on the toxic metal concentration of the soil and plant type, if the toxic metal content was below than tolerable level of certain plant, no need to control the availability of toxic metals.But, In the case of toxic metal surpassed tolerable level, you need to control the mobility in order to let the accumulation plants live in the substrata. no need to much worry about metal availability after the treatment, only the accumulation plant grow relatively well, plant rhizosphere will mobilize the metal

Dear, have a look at this important attachment.

You can perform 2 methods: Comet Assay and Micronucleus test using allium cepa as bioindicator organism exposing it to tannery wastewater effluents, in order to measure genotoxicity.

Please follow EPA protocol for heavy metal analysis.

thank you a lot. but my question was not on organic matter, although it is one of the key for metal reemedial, but Organic contaminat such us phenenthrene, pyrene,,,,,PAHs

In my view there is no prescribed bacterial strains for bio remediation of industrial wastewater whether it is collected from a stand alone ETP or Common ETP. It is should be context specific and more appropriate way is to isolate indigenous bacterial strains from the wastewater to be treated and from the soil of that location and identify the potential bacterial consortium to remediate the targeted pollutants. 

try reducing the quantity of cetrimide. Actually Cetrimide agar was meant for growing Pa obtained freshly from pathological samples and not from soils.

I would not use nutrient agar for your experiment. Nutrient agar is an undefined medium, you do not really know the exact composition (e.g. yeast extract contains many chemical compounds), many of these compounds might interact with heavy metals and you might not be measuring the accurate toxicity (especially you are looking for effect in river water - unless the water is very polluted).

For heavy metals toxicological study, you should always use defined medium and also minimal medium. Experiments should first be carried out to modify the medium, reduce the effect such as phosphates and sulfates by cutting down the concentation to minimal (you cannot remove them completely, otherwise the bacteria will not grow).

Hope this helps.

Zn nad Mn are not heavy metals. Anyhow, the isolates are resistant to metals tested

As heavy metals are elements they cannot be destroyed or removed from composted waste through alteration or degradation. The reply above is correct that, given suitable pH etc, metals will often sorb onto and be immobilised by organic matter. As I understand, the only way that the overall concentration might alter is if uncontaminated material is added to the compost to dilute the metal concentration or if specific techniques are used to remove contaminated particles (these are often the smaller size fraction of MSW). For the latter reason, metal conc. of composts produced from MSW have declined over time as processing technology has improved and sources of contamination have been physically removed, usually prior to composting. Hope this helps, there is plenty in the literature on this topic published by Bardos (2004) and others.

Thank you all for answering my question!

The case of bacterial multimetal resistance  is a bit different from resistance to single metal but is more worthy as a tool for bioremediation. I am particularly interested to tolerance and resistance strategy and the cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanism involved there. How does escape mechanism and tolerance in course of time evolves as an adaptive  strategy and means of detoxification and/or removal?

could you chekc these links ;

regards,

I suggest you the researches of Roger Reeves, Jean Louis Morel and others.

A list of hiper accumulating plants is being made throught experiences and case studies but there are not so many information availables concerning a big number of plants.

Many studies are focused on tropical soils or anyway on old altered and degraded soils like laterites (for ex. New Caledonia)

Dear Arti ,

Please Seethe below given link for your appropriate answer

Regards

Krishna

Thank You sir (Mr. Vrajesh Patel). I will al ways be grateful to you.

Thank you very much Dr Salvatore and Dr Tarik for sharing your expertise. 

Dear Muhammad,

You will have to do some pre-testing to determine the amount of the EDDS chelator required for Cu, Ni, and Zn removal using your specific soil and plant system. The trick is to maximize the amount of chelated metal taken up by the plant while minimizing the amount of cheated metal that moves downward to groundwater. I attached 2 articles that may help you with your experimental design. I hope this helps.

How intriguing! I kept some fairy shrimp last year that I had sourced from the wild in South Australia. Unfortunately, they did not survive long enough for me to identify them. I have read that they can be identified by the morphology of the cyst shell; each species having noticeable differences under the microscope. I plan to source some more in the future from the same spot and try to identify them - but that could be a while off in the future. I would need to find out how to induce them to lay their cysts too - I presume I would need to replicate their natural environment (an ephemeral pool which dries up over summer). I notice your company: 'Fairy Shrimp Brazil Ltd'

What is the nature of your business? Using Branchiopoda as bio-remediator or just breeding? I am quite curious. Do you have any papers relating to your work with Fairy Shrimp?

Regards,

Kendall Francis

Dear Karim,

You may check Sopartec Making Science Investable.

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Hoping this will be helpful,

Rafik

Wetland based bioremediation is a very complex phenomenon which includes interactions of many factors which you have already included in your question. It is very difficult to find such study which included role of all the wetland components in pollutant clean up. There are some scattered studies which covered 2-3 components of wetlands such as role of plants alongwith their rhizospheric microorganisms and also role of gravel/sediment bed.

Many microbial pigments have defense anti-stress functions. The plating results of Sameer generally confirm this well-known fact. Two processes are involved: 1) nutrient media wit heavy metals select resistant organisms some [if not many] of them carrying genetic determinants for biosynthesis of anti-stress pigments and 2) presence of stress-factor stimulates pigments production through differential gene expression.

SPD meter is very effective to be used an indicator of total N , and there is very good correlation  between them . Water quality analysis in terms of pH, EC , TDS , SAR/RSC ( If water is saline/sodic in nature ). But , I am not too sure about any distinct changes in these properties within 24-hourly interval , unless there is some possibility water getting mixed up with other source(s) .

Chlorof fumigation for determination of microbial abundance  is generally not really precise. (Alessi, D. S., Walsh, D. M., Fein, J. B., 2011. Uncertainties in determining microbial biomass C using the chloroform fumigation–extraction method. Chemical Geology 280, 58–64.) Still, it is very common - because easy and cheap i guess.

 Dear Aransiola

According to my experience , special plants can rescue the soil, but first of all we should know the type of soil and then finding appropriate plants .Phosphate fertilizers could be good due to   enhance the precipitation of heavy metals in plant. 

Hi there !

Yes, you can your growth process with p-xylene like carbon source.

The literature on this topic actually is quite abundant, even when aspen is used as active species. Some references can be found in particular in:

O. Peter Abioye (2011). Biological Remediation of Hydrocarbon and Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil, Soil Contamination, MSc Simone Pascucci (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-647-8, InTech, Available from:

Check the media described in the paper attached. Any media suitable for the biodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds should work.

Do not autoclave, it decomposes.

What is your pupose of using chelating agent 

What bioremediation study u r doing.

Bioventing is the aeration of the unsaturated vadose zone to stimulate aerobic biodegradation. Biosparging is the injection of air into the groundwater to provide oxygen for groundwater remediation.

There are too many open questions and I would recommend to do an extensive literature search first.

There are several organism with several laccase isoenzymes you might start with. You should try to find out which enzyme will have best activity for your bioremediation under process conditions and then start to clone and express the enzyme.

The biosorbents  have some limitations although a lot of work is done and going on but comparatively few patents are  available that means that there are some problems either the field is not explored or there is a gap?

So far adsorption by living organism is considered it is of course not that much intensively studied as reference Prof. wang review can be studied (Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae A review).

Any way this is a good and long discussion and should be continued.

In biosorption the sorbent used in most of the cases is low cost and if its sorption capacity is appreciable the ideal way should be incineration because they are normally not reusable. 

You are right but if suspended bacteria caused to increase COD, do you agree biofilm form must have lower COD than that suspended form?. But vice versa, biofilm form had higher COD than that suspended form. What do you think about it? 

Thanks Mushtaq and Prof. Bashir. 

To eliminate these wastes use the live baker's yeast in an amount of about 500 g / 10 m3 of waste water. Waste will CO2 and yeast sediment. The water will be clean, bacteria-free.

I think these papers may be helpful

From literature I found that the optimum weight of the carrier based inoculum is  2% from soil weight in a pot experiment and the frequency of application was once for 150 days and the degradation% of TPH was satisfactory.

Yes. It will define convergence of your solution.

There might be something abt this in the work undertaken by GRABOWLECKI at Edinburgh University. I don't have the papers in mind but will check if you can't find anything.

Regards,

Well lets answer your question in steps. First of all bacterial leaching is mostly use for low grade ores  or tailings, which are dumped over land. If bacterial leaching is not done, the ores will still get leached due to environmental conditions and weather conditions which can not be controlled. The leachate will pollute table water and adjoining land and fresh water bodies mostly by percolation. If a controlled leaching process is used then such pollution can be averted. Classical hydrometallurgical leaching is not affordable due to low mineral content. So is the case with other classical extraction processes. Therefore, economically  feasible process  is the bacterial leaching which does not need any major investment. Here even if the mineral can not be recovered, at least we have saved the environment and hence such a process is ecofreindly. I tell you this because basically I am a geomicrobiologist  myself.

I hope this paper help you

Whilst adding an oil degrading microbial assemblage can help degradation rates much more important is providing inorganic nutrients, correct water relations and aerobic conditions. For references I suggest you look at the Clu-in website. Just do a google search on Clu-in and you will easily find it.

Hello, you mention the concentration of glucose is 30-50 g per liter or the total culture medium prepare. You can dissolve the glucose in 150 ml sterile water and filter through a millipore membrane, and that is the medium and add to a sterile laminar flow hood or directly the bioreactor with a peristaltic pump . The second way is : 150 or 200 ml autoclave sterilization at 15 lb / cm2 for 15 min and adicionas to the culture medium . The fact of putting glucose together with the other components of the medium, is primarily nitrogen source as it reacts with compounds forming glucasa inihiben microbial growth ( Maillard reactions ) if your medium does not have high concentrations of amino acids , proteins , ammonium salts put no problem glucose culture medium and esterilices together .

Polluted sites or sources have particular pH, acidotolerant will work better in acidic condition without much energy input.

Actually, the ultimate ratio of CH₄ to CO₂ produced from the degradation of organic material is independent of the pathway taken. If for example hydrogen is produced from the degradation of glucose, it does not matter whether this hydrogen is subsequently directly converted into methane, or first converted into acetate with the acetate subsequently converted into methane. In either case the mineralization of one mole of glucose yields 3 moles of CH₄ and 3 moles of CO₂ (see below).

Classical pathway:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 2H2O --> 2CH₃COOH + 2CO₂ + 4H₂

CO₂ + 4H₂ --> CH₄ + 2H₂O

2CH₃COOH --> 2CH₄ + 2CO₂

SUM: C₆H₁₂O₆ --> 3CH₄ + 3CO₂

Pathway where hydrogen is removed by acetogens:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 2H₂O --> 2CH₃COOH + 2CO₂ + 4H₂

2CO₂ + 4H₂ --> CH₃COOH + 2H₂O

3CH₃COOH --> 3CH₄ + 3CO₂

SUM: C₆H₁₂O₆ --> 3CH₄ + 3CO₂

happy new year

There are some strategies to provide optimal conditions for microalgae to remove nutrients and heavy metals from wastewater. I would like to suggest you to read a review I wrote on Phycoremediation hoping that you could find some useful information:

Olguín, E.J. 2003. Phycoremediation: key issues for cost-effective nutrient removal processes. Biotech. Adv. 22: 81-91.(F.I.= 9.646)

you should be aware that your consortia will have to compete with natural soil microcosm, which will be especially problematic for older contamination with adapted micros.

ya...i have decided to go with Chl a content after treating the biofilm with dimethyl sulfoxime (DMSO).

thanks for the articles.

Please check some links below for total DNA extraction from Soil and some DNA isolation kits.

Regards,

Kunal

As you can see from the above replies, bioremediation is not a silver bullet for chlorinated solvents.

The real thing used in industry (at least in china!) is reduction with zero valent iron: simple iron shavings (wastes from machining metal objects) will tranform into iron chloride and decompose de halocarbons.

This can be done in situ using a reactive permeable barrier, in particular, a ditch filled with iron and other reducing substances (wood branches, organic matter, etc.) When the contaminated water flows through, the decontamination progresses, but this all depends on slope,, water table, etc. and probably needs engineering....

good luck!

Shewanellasp.,and Lysinibacillus sphaericus

Suspended air floatation method could be effective, but it is expensive one. see the attachment below.

Check the following review. It's a pretty recent one about mer operon, though right now seems that the server is down right now.

Hg0 reacts with the Ag1+, reducing it to Ag0. It is just a redox reaction, and not specific.

What the author comments in several paragraphs is that:

"Cysteine, glutathione, mercaptoethanol, and bovine serum albumin formed foggy areas on X-ray film even when Hg2+ was absent."

"However, foggy formations were observed for all volatilizing

strains after reaction for 24 h at 35°C even when

mercury-free nutrient broth was used as the volatilization

buffer. High reaction temperature and long reaction time

also caused fogging by the non-volatilizing strains. These

results suggest that Ag+ contained in X-ray film can be

reduced by various gases released by bacteria, as in the

former case, or from thioglycolate, as in the latter."

"The large amount of mercury vapor produced by resistant

strains sometimes formed faint fog in the areas on the

microplate where sensitive strains had been inoculated. This

fog may have been caused by excess amounts of mercury

vapor which could not be trapped in one spot on the X-ray

film. Hence, the inoculation of bacteria onto the microplate

should be done with plenty of space between each inoculated

spot."

Perfect example of why you always have to run controls

Find a quiet place and think about what kind of story you are going to have based on your experimental data. Once you determine your selling point, then try to organize your data to support the ideas your are trying to selling out. just my two cents.

dear jacob, thank you :)

Dear I Jiereen,

If you have any question in this regards, I am at your services. this my email: ramavandi_b@yahoo.com

Best wishes, 

Bahman

One thing to bear in mind using this 'spiking' approach is that your experiment will only assess the remediation efficacy of your treatments to a recent spiking event. I am afraid this may or may not be particularly relevant for inference to long-term contaminated soils where a multitude of biogeochemical processes will have taken place in the environment. My advice would be to try to obtain a true contaminated soil, rather than making one.

maybe you can use lumix RA915+ to measure element mercury 

reference:Mercury Reduction and Cell-Surface Adsorption by Geobacter

sulfurreducens PCA

Though Hg(0) is pretty toxic, it is not even close to the toxicity of Hg(II) or Hg(I) both of which can form organomercurial compounds like methylmercury or dimethylmercury. This compounds, and similar, enter in the trophic chain and can bioacummulate, being responsible of the mercury content on fish. On the other hand, you could even drink or inject Hg(0) without severe complications, the only important entrance in the body is through inhalation.

And yes, Hg(0) is volatile and some bacteria can reduce the Hg(II) to Hg(0) as a mechanism of detoxification, promoting volatilization and removal from their immediate environment.

Hello Rezvan I hope you have purchased Sodium salt of ,6-dichlorophenol indophenol from Merck which is readily soluble in water. Kindly check the same... Good luck and best regards: Deepti

Centrifuged the Pikovskaya’s broth before spectrophotometric estimation.

There is another paper published by my group, copy attached.

If you do not retain the bacteria longer than the water they cannot develop a effective degrader culture for the pollutants in the wastewater.

The definition of "activated sludge" doesn't apply if SRT isn't considerably longer than HRT.

Hi ,

As per metabolic activity of microorganism (Say bacteria) heavy metal(esp., cad, chromium etc.,) will not take part in its metabolism. the only possibility is accumulation of those heavy metals in its cell wall or any other .. u can try out SDS page for the organism (you are using) or try out some biochemical changes owing to the Cad uptake with comparison to that of control experiments . this may help you to give some helpful picture about the changes in its metabolism. i hope there might be formation stress proteins in the bacterial cell wall.