Environmental Biology - Science topic

Dear Eper Ceasor ,If you are interested in the conference, you can send your manuscript to Submission System: https://ais.cn/u/eY7F7f

Thank you Phil

I measure absorption at 470 nm in an untreated water sample. It can be converted to "colour", which is the unit in which humic acids are measured in Norwegian waters. Humic acids are normally the only source of brown color in the water. I found a PDF that might be interesting, can't find the address, but here's the full title: International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X, Vol-7, Special Issue-April, 2016, pp19-23 Determination of Humic Acid by Spectrophotometric Analysis in the Soils Amanollah Javanshah1 and Asiye Saidi2 1Pistachio research center, Rafsanjan, Iran 2Barafza keshavarze Pars Company. Rafsanjan, Special Economic Zone, Rafsanjan, Iran Email: Javanshah@hotmail.com, Asiye_saidi@yahoo.com

Dear Silvia,

I can give an advice on how to practive english language, you can join sharedlingo group in facebook and then you can join in many groups with practicing english over the world using whatapp group. For more information you can connect me.

The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists; the basic means requires bacterial enumeration (cell counting) by direct and individual (microscopic, flow cytometry), direct and bulk (biomass), indirect and individual (colony counting), or indirect and bulk methods (most probable number, turbidity, nutrient uptake)

Attached is a copy of that paper. Let me know if you need any other elements of my work.

Ralph Piedmont

@ Terneus Jácome Héctor Esteban Terneus

It is Bacopa monnieri of family Plantaginaceae

April Micci,

Motility detection media with tryptose and agar <http://himedialabs.com/TD/M260.pdf>; magnesium chloride-malachite green enrichment broth <https://jcm.asm.org/content/jcm/19/6/940.full.pdf>; semi solid nutrient agar; motility test media with and without triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) for gram positive and gram negative motile bacteria; Lactose TTC with Tergitol; ENDO Agar for microbiology; McConkey's Agar with crystal violet and 0.15% Bile salt; Salmonella Chromogen Agar for microbiology; Malachite Green Broth of Microbiology <https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/analytical-chromatography/microbiology/microbiology-products.html?TablePage=18292018> etc can be of help to you both for detection as well as cultivation of the motile bacteria.

With regards,

Dr. Abhishek Mukherjee

Thank you guys for your opinion. Many high impact journals have dedicated Editors employed solely for the editorial purpose not in conjunction of their other academic and/or research activities. We need to understand the underlying mechanism behind this, and then make long time plans to make high impact journals elsewhere (distributed all over the globe).

But the 1st question is, what is this mechanism? Why we have most high impact journals concentrated in some geographical locations only? Why other people can't do the same, so far ??

I apologize for the answer not within my specialty greetings

Plos group journals!

Dear, you got  to check the novelty and new knowledge created by the research. You can make 50 pages into 2 pages or vice versa, only if you have the stuff in it. 

All the best

These studies may be of help:

Tomas

Researchers Take a look at Govindarajan, B, and V. Prabaharan. 2014. Gut microflora of earthworm a review.  It is a very understandable review and stresses the importance of fungi for a nutritional role for earthworms. They suggest the proliferation of bacteria in the gut results from soil substrate and fungal material being decayed. Fungal material is higher in soil and is reduced in the later parts of the earthworm gut. After fungal digestion the bacterial components increase feeding on the decay products as such bacteria increase during the same passage results for fungal and protozoa used for the nutrition process. Diversity of bacterial flora include 7 species of Bacillus genus which are noted for their ability to serve probiotic roles in plants and animals Bacillus species are noted for copious ability for extra cellular polysaccharide substances which are very important for soil macro and micro aggregation process in soil. The casting generally has a much more diverse microbial composition than the soil ingested.  In terms of bioremediation the earthworm casting is famous for ability to provide humic fractions which are capable of sequestering toxic materials such as heavy metals preventing toxicity for earthworm and in the environment. This humic fraction is probably the result of the microbial action also.  In terms of bioremediation the ability of fungi to degrade phenolic chemicals of notorious role as contaminants in soils especially those that become contaminated by petroleum based materials that are rich in toxic phenolics which are not readily degraded by many soil organisms. 

Dear Juan,

the question you are raising is very interesting and much more complicated as it is usually believed. If you are speaking about plant-animal interactions, so you mean mainly mutualistic relations that are studied much more poor than eg competition or predation. This biocenotic relation belongs into bi-directional soft interactions of ++ type (profit for both). I'm working now on a Sub-Chapter about influence of such relations on geographical distribution of invertebrates. The problem of using this knowledge in eco-engineering approaches is still limited into the most simple relations (like starfish-corals) only as all aspects even of not complicated relations can have the long distant consequences, like better growing of some seeds after passing the intestine of grazers, and when killing the last have awful negative influence on baobabs in islands of the Indian Ocean.

So, not long time (after acceptance for publication) will be possibility to put this my Chapter connected all questions you are asking into the Internet. But before - if you have interest - contact me over RG mail, and I'll send you some papers that are like closed for open access about relations between organisms, and possibly my schema of biocenotic relations that is ready for publication as well  This is abs. necessary as if wrong classification of interaction - how to regulate?

Andrey

Dear Diana,

Please see the below given link for your appropriate answer

Best Regards

Krishna

Please check the following link and PDF attachment.

Thank you to all of you. It is very usefull to me.

Hi Alberto--

In my experience, it is mixed.  In my recent paper on flower hydraulics (http://tinyurl.com/jz4achb), we surveyed about 20 species from across the angiosperm phylogeny and found that basal angiosperm and magnoliid flowers had stomata, but many monocot and eudicot flowers had few, if any, stomata.  Interestingly, although there are large macroevolutionary patterns, there is also variation at narrower phylogenetic scales; for example, within the Rhododendron species measured in our study, some species had stomata and some didn't.  I'm working through the images from many more species and hope to have some definitive results in the coming months.

I have other (unpublished) data suggesting that regulating water loss from flowers is controlled by cuticle properties in many species and that this has been under selection.  This isn't surprising given that corollas of many species may not stomata.

-Adam

Soil water holding capacity is controlled primarily by the soil texture and the soil organic matter content. Soil texture is a reflection of the particle size distribution of a soil. An example is a silt loam soil that has 30% sand, 60% silt and 10% clay sized particles. In general, the higher the percentage of silt and clay sized particles, the higher the water holding capacity. The small particles (clay and silt) have a much larger surface area than the larger sand particles. This large surface area allows the soil to hold a greater quantity of water. The amount of organic material in a soil also influences the water holding capacity. As the level of organic matter increases in a soil, the water holding capacity also increases, due to the affinity of organic matter for water.

Hi, the best way is ultrasonic sterilization (10 kc/sec) and ultrasonic waves (30.5 kc/sec) for spore forming bacteria, and you do not lose any volatile compound. You can perform ultrasonic sterilization under low temperatures.     

Thank you Ankita Kothari. I am working on Nostoc. But how I will standardize that? How to determine specific OD? are there any experiments for find it out? Because, that is growing for more than a month and still it is in log phase. So, time limit is not correct way. Please help.

Thank you

There is a big German - West-African collaboration (not exclusively on conservation though): http://www.wascal.org/

And we here at CIPSEM offering a Postgraduate Environmental Management Program for Developing and Emerging Countries, including conservation aspects: www.tu-dresden.de/cipsem

The presence of pathogenic fungi in the environment has lots of implications specifically health. Many undiscovered pathogenic fungi are still the object of discussion in many laboratory. Infact, many are toxigenic and indirectly does not add anything good to the environment.

Thank you for your advices.

There is actually no connection between the MIC value and the EC50 (or ECx for that matter). Anyhow if you determined the MIC values yourself, you probably recorded the dose response (i.e. a growth parameter in function of concentration). From that curve you can calculate the EC50/ECx by fitting the appropriate curve, most often a Gompertz curve or a sigmoidal with variable slope will do fine. Software you can use: SPSS, Graphpad Prism, Statistica, even excel if you can program the regression yourself.

There is much information about archaea inhibition. N1-guanyl-1, 7-diaminoheptane (GC7), an efficient inhibitor of archaeal and eukaryote cell growth.

Thank you for your answers... I will try both Svante and Jonathan protocols and see the results :-)

You cannot really predict C from only A and B when A and B are binary. The general approach is to run trendlines through pixels or neighborhoods of pixels.

what is your model?

Hi Richard

A good question to which there is probably going to be debate depending on if you are in the northern (Yorkshire and Norfolk) or southern chalk.

The Classic papers on the Winterbourne Stream (Berrie and Wright; Wright et al, 1984) list Limnephilus vittatus and Glyphotaelius pellucidus as restricted to the intermittent sites. They also recorded Limnephilus lunatus, Halesus sp. and Stenophylax sp. at site that became dry.

The taxa that I have recorded from the temporary sections of limestone streams most commonly are: Stenophylax permistus, S. vibex (less common and only where there are trees), Micropterna sequax, M. lateralis and Limnephilus centralis (the latter in springs in the Peak District).

There is some other material in papers published by Andy House and Patrick Armitage. But I will have to dig them out for you.

Paul

Climate change is not only CO2 rising. You can see my papers on several consequences of climate change on the photobiology of halophytes and you will see different effects in different plants and due to different climatic changes.

I would rather suggest that you prepare glucose solution freshly with every experiment which has been filter sterilized through a 0.22 um filter. By adding the contaminated glucose solution you would create an environment where the contaminant would be at higher levels than the bacteria and fungi present in your sample. This would create an environment where the contaminant will out compete with the bacteria and fungi within your sample either by using up all the nutrient or the production of antimicrobial compounds. Regarding the DNA extraction, using such an contaminated solution would create a lot of background DNA which would result in certain species DNA being out masked if present at low concentrations.

Yes preservation will affect metal concentration in tissues. As stated before, the main issue would be a change in pH. A non-buffered formalin will lower the pH of the preserving medium and a large portion of heavy metal would have been extracted from the biological sample into the preserving medium. You might possibly analyse both the tissues and the preserving liquid to recover most metal. However you wouldn't be able to rule out a external source of contamination of the preserving chemical (i.e. using low grade regents or contaminated labware). Plus you wouldn't know if the preservation liquid had been changed at some point in time, flushing away most of heavy metal. Basically unless you have preserved the samples yourself and trust no external contamination or change of medium has occurred, I think there is simply too many uncertainties with this method to extract any useful information.

In Britain, especially the mild, humid west, Rhododendron ponticum is a major problem - especially in woodland but also on moorland.  British plants are not actually pure R. ponticum, but a complex hybrid with various other species including R. maximum and R. catawbiense.  This hybridisation seems to have increased their vigour and frost tolerance.

Rhodo forms a very dense, tall (up to about 5m) understorey that shades out pretty much all other plant species.  It's probably the most important threat to the temperate rainforests of western Scotland, which are of international importance for their lichen and bryophyte communities.

For more information see http://www.snh.gov.uk/land-and-sea/managing-the-land/forestry-and-woodlands/looked-after/rhododendron/

If you want more information on history, impacts or control please let me know - I have lots!

I suggest you post your request on the forum of observations.org http://forum.waarneming.nl/smf/index.php?board=108.0 or just contact the site admins: info@observation.org.

I don't think there is a straight forward export function (unless it's your own data you want to export)

Hello! on this study they used VHF radio transmitters to locate sea lions and each instrument was attached with epoxy onto a neoprene patch. The instrument assemblage attached to the neoprene patch were glued either to the fur on the

lower back or between the shoulders of the sea lions.

Yes, I agree with the question very much, because we can only find morphological two-dimensional connections via dried specimens, and the future of botany, taxonomy and ecology will be with two "new" three dimensional concepts, ecotypes and genetics.  

Ecotypes make the connections between the plant species and the environment that creates fixed genetic forms called ecotypes, that you can read about at http://www.ecoseeds.com/juicy.gossip.three.html.  

We will have to invent a new language to be able to discuss the fixed ecotypes, and when Gote Turesson coined the word ecotype in 1922 he also tried to invent a language to discuss and describe the various ecotypes.  When Greene split the California poppy into 116 new species, people thought he was crazy, but he was just a decade ahead of discussing the ecotype questions, and only had 100 years ago the old taxonomic "species, subspecies and variety" tools to work with.

Genetics will open the door for us to sort out the thousands of cryptic species that are hiding amongst all of  the species that we thought were solid taxonomic entities, but there are look-alikes that cannot breed with each other, so should be separated and described as new species.

Before Dr. Ledyard Stebbins passed away in 2000, we co-authored a paper in the journal Grasslands (Native Grass Association, Davis CA) in 1998, "Jepson Manual chromosome numbers may indicate new 'cryptic' native grass species." GRASSLANDS 8 (3) 4-5.  

What our article talked about, is that there are 300 described native grass species in California based on their physical/taxonomic traits, and our paper is recommending that there are hidden species via genetics among the 300, another 100 species that must be teased out and described that will take lifetimes of future geneticists and taxonomists to resolve.

A method used to determine biomass of attached algae is to remove them with a toothbrush. I dont know how much damage this does to the cells, but it least the method does not involve a metal.

Everything that does photosynthesis in the sea, takes inorganic carbon out of the water, raising the pH. Likewise, anything which is giving off dissolved inorganic carbon as product of cellular respiration will be lowering the pH. The degree to which the pH changes in a given location depends on the intensity of the biological activity and water flow in the area.

Dear Rajiv, the pollen of Pinus is among the most recognisable pollen grains you can capture with a spore-trap. Which kind of spore-trap you use? Probably you have trapped also other pollen grains, including Pinus pollen you can observe with microscope in other views.

There is another paper published by my group, copy attached.

Seems Ulocladium. Alternaria has conidia forming chains (as well as Pithomyces) but not Ulocladium. Be sure that conidia chains are not evident to discard Alternaria. In addition Ulocladium has geniculata conidiophore i.e. strongly bent but not Alternaria.

I vote for Ulocladium as several people said already.

Cheers!

Hello Henriette,

There are several evidences that CB126 go through fish chorions after waterborne or spiked-sediment exposure. I believe there is at least one publication reporting fluorescence based detection of CB126 after waterborne exposure but I can't remember the article.

About the second point in your question, you are likely aware of the recent paper of Edwin Foekema in which this is specifically analysed and discussed.

Foekema, E.M., et al., Toxic concentrations in fish early life stages peak at a critical moment. Environ Toxicol Chem, 2012. 31(6): p. 1381-90.

Best regards,

Xavier

There are several ways to sterilize soil, all having certain advantages and disadvantages. (i) autoclaving (killing of vegetative cells), then let the soil sit for 48 hours at room temperature (to give spores a chance to germinate), autoclaving for a second time. However, this procedure might destroy the structure of the soil completely and change chemical properties (e.g., redox conditions); (ii) gamma radiation (needs a radioactive source) is minimally invasive, but leads also to altered chemical conditions; (iii) gassing by e.g., ozone. Soil properties (e.g. high clay content, humidity) might inhibit gas permeation. But as far as I understood your question you want to remove the bacterial biomass (?). What about using chloroform fumigation (which kills the microbial biomass) followed by extraction with a solution of potassium sulfate? This technique is applied to determine microbial biomass in soil. See some “old” literature e.g., Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19:703-707, 1987.

yes I am doing it. But its not very consistent too.. the results vary with dilutions. This may be because EPS proteins and carbohydrates forms colloids

Dear Dr. Shedayi, each approach you listed has own field of application, own benefits and limitations.

Observation is good for establishing correlation between climate factors and genetic and physiological characters of plant/animals/microbe populations, species distribution, etc. It needs a long-term study (tens of years) and detailed recording of climatic data and populations diversity. It is rare thing, and such study usually made based on past research of Nationals Parks, Universities, Experimental Stations.

Modeling is based on observation of climate and populations in past and forecast for future based on several mathematical or statistical models. It is good when you can show a quality of your models comparing predicted and actual data during several following years. You can offer unique approach if use new way of data analysis, new sourses of information, new mathematical theories.

Experimental approach is the most expensive but the most reliable. You need to ajust artificially climatic parametes of natural population. I know examples of experiments with increased CO2 concentration, temperature, and moisture content. One of new fields for such experiments is in plant - pathogen/ pest interaction under higher temperature or CO2, which is usually done at greenhouse experiments.

Thank you mam am try to doing and optimized the method...by the way i need u r sport to my work

Hi,

You can certainly use coral/algae cover as a biological factor if you want to find a possible correlation between both groups. Go for it, In terms statistic analyses its correct if you want to use it. However, if you want to go further you might need to explore a bit more to explain what is causing this interaction but i guess to find a correlation would be a good first step.

Good luck!

Dear Alok,

Antioxidant activity is the potential of any compound or extract containing them to reduce free radicals like ROS and RNS.

Generally, for example phenolic antioxidants have capacity to donate proton and thereby they stabilized free radicals.

There are available various assays to estimate the antioxidant potential likewise DPPH, ABTS and FRAP.

In all these three assays DPPH and ABTS, we take free radicals solutions with maximum absorbance at specific wavelength. When we add antioxidant compound in it the colour of solution changes due to decerace in free radicals. This change in colour was recorded at similar wavelength.

In this way at particular wavelength and using specific protocol, one knows antioxidant potential.

Can you tell us how big your chambers are and how big the plants are? It is hard to believe you can't achieve CO2 levels you want using a CO2 gas source. I have seen it done in large greenhouses and very large FACE experiments. A chemical approach would seem to be unnecessarily difficult and very imprecise.

I covered some of this issue in a recent book chapter.

Initial adhesion is the first step for biofilm formation. The formation of biofilms implies necessarily the adhesion to a surface of a few cells, and for that to occur, these cells must be exposed to some kind of stress (variation of optimal conditions of nutrients and oxygen supply, pH, temperature, etc.) and they have to be able to sense the proximity of a surface or interface. The cells produce signaling molecules that work as a radar system: they release them in the bulk, and when detecting higher concentrations of these molecules in a specific side of the cell, they sense the proximity of a surface as the diffusion of the signaling molecules is limited in that area. Swarming and twitching motility seem to play also an important role in the initial adhesion of cells to the surface. As a consequence of the adhesion, bacteria suffer alterations in their phenotype and in the gene transcription and establishment of new genetic traits, and start to secrete the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These gene expression patterns are dependent on the surface, the flow, the growth conditions, the microrganism itself, etc, so the initial adhesion is an crucial moment for the biofilm formation and may influence its characteristics.

Thanx Daniel and Vantila .. I need research articles on heavy metal distribution across world and India..

Dear anna, i am not doing any bead beating.

I agree with Branko - if your cultures grow with ammonium in ASW then they should grow with nitrate following transfer. The commonest problem resulting in poor growth is usually down to the pH of the medium and so ensure that this is OK (pH 8.0 - 8.2) and remember that you cannot use a pH meter for Tris-buffered solutions. If you have Tris-Base and Tris-HCl then 0.45 g and 0.65 g per litre (respectively) is about right but do check the final pH with pH papers. If you still experience problems then you could try using ammonium nitrate as a starting N-source before transfer to nitrate once growth is established.

Mike

In my understanding, I can say "yes"!

Rizal,

in your special case the following relation may be present. High electrolyte concentration - reduced oxygen solubility.

Dear Singh

It is very difficult to control a species once it enters an ecosystem, establishes itself and spreads. Currently, no control mechanisms exist for carps (if they become established). No pesticide is identified that would affect the carp, nor we have any information about their vulnerabilities in the course of spawning that could be exploited, nor do we have known about any predatory pressures that would help reduce their populations!

So at the moment, solutions include not only the development of control techniques but also establishment of responsibility so that the managers/authorities remain motivated to achieve what is called “ecological separation” of the invaded ecosystem (for instance, by diverting the canal system so that it is impossible for the carps to move from the place where it has established itself to the adjacent areas). This separation was included as a recommendation of the Aquatic Invasive Species Summit in Chicago in 2003. For instance, efforts are on to build a structure (electrical barrier) and to block other routes to prevent invasive species migration between rivers that parallel the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal.

Best

Dola.

Thanks again Peter. Some of these concerns about self pollination may arise from wild plants that could potentially be cross-pollinated by GMOs, If a plant is strictly self-pollinated, transferring genes from GMOs to the self-pollinating plant are not an issue.

Ashirbad,

of course I guess you want to maintain the ratio among the nutrients. Therefore, you can acidify with sulphuric acid (or with carbon dioxide, for submerged plant), and alcalinize with sodium hydroxide eventually mixed with potassium hydroxide, to avoid sodium excess).

Ecosystem have the self heal capability; without the human disruptions, introduction of invasive species the ecosystem remains natural and self healed itself; just like the self purification process in the river ecosystem.

Please check these 2 sites

1. http://umbbd.ethz.ch/ (Univ. of Minnesota database)

2. http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html (KEGG PATHWAY database)

You can find something here:

I would be careful about using plants to take N out of a fish pond. Once the plants die, they sink to the bottom where aerobic bacateria reduce them for energy. The plants decay, the water becomes anoxic, the fish die.

allelopathy in plant communities.

all ground biomass could be used as source of renewable fuel. in temperate climate, where humidity isn't limit factor, industrial growing of energetic plants is cost effective and eco-friendly. value of renewable energy sources depends on content of dry material mostly.