Engineering - Science topic

A part of my personal understanding and as far as I see, for several decades the motto "publish or perish" has found too many advocates. The virtual world and access to any kind of information, and scientific information, citation databases, UNIVERSITY RANKINGS (specially) has literally forced every institution to move up the rank. How? by putting pressure on faculty members, PhD students and researchers to publish, just to publish. So for many people it is desirable to see their names in any publications possible. And this creates further problems like a domino

Yes you are right, there are people in the world of academia that publish in several branches of a discipline.

To understand more, we should study more on terms such as gift author, honorary author, predatory publishing, how to reform publish or perish, and issues like these. All ugly and costly for people like me, you and others.

I don't know that you have seen the discussions I had started and questions I answered on RG. They are almost all about big problems of science and research. As I had said before, these big questions should go beyond mere discussions. Lets hope somebody acts, we help...

Dear Shuraik Kader,

In view of the increasing risk of an energy and climate crisis, eco-innovation-based, green building technologies will be developed in the future to build homes that are significantly more energy-efficient and resistant to the negative effects of climate change. Consequently, the future will mainly develop pro-environmental, energy-efficient sustainable construction. Perhaps it will also be environmentally neutral construction based solely on natural building materials.

Best regards,

Dariusz

Dear Shuraik Kader ,

It is normal, you are now entering the stage that takes an unfortunately unknown period of time: the search for reviewers. What is known is that “Environment, Development and Sustainability” (https://www.springer.com/journal/10668 ) is a good journal worthwhile waiting for:

-Good publisher (Springer Nature)

-SCIE indexed with impact factor 4.080

-Scopus indexed (CiteScore 4.4)

-UGC-CARE List (India)

If you look at https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/20902 and click on “Scopus content coverage” you see that they publish 8 times more in 2021 than in the years before. Indicating that they receive more and more submissions (the theme’s environment and sustainability are ‘hot’ at the moment…). This might be another reason why it will take quite some time.

According to https://www.springer.com/journal/10668 they take 8 days for submission to first decision, suggesting that you passed the first step, the editor didn’t choose for desk rejection and find your manuscript worthwhile to get peer reviewed.

I would say have patience and keep working on your next project.

Best regards.

Tao Li ,

One of the things that can help is to establish an article timeline. Most researchers focus on the latest updates to the field and summarise findings. In my experience the activity of summarising research ends up obfuscating the original intuition of the work in an area. Doing a timeline and reading the original paper (or one close to the original) will more than likely include the rationale for the methodology.

Hope this helps

Dear Ali Khalfallah ,

No, they are not. According to the latest list of Scopus titles (see Serial Conf. … tab) they are discontinued. Unfortunately, the Scopus sources link is not updated (yet) https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/19700200831The reason for the discontinuation is most likely the staggering increase in accepted and published papers (see Scopus content coverage).

For the most recent info you can check https://www.scopus.com and download the latest Scopus source list (see enclosed file).

Best regards.

Dear all, following a list of interesting books. My Regards

- Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach, William D. Callister, David G. Rethwisch, 5th Edt (2015).

- Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10e WileyPLUS NextGen Card with Loose-Leaf Print Companion Set, Callister Jr., William D., Rethwisch, David G. 10th Edt (2018).

- The Science and Engineering of Materials, Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright. 7th Edt (2014).

- Materials Science and Engineering: A First Course, V. Raghavan, (2004).

- Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, Willaim Smith, Javed Hashemi, 6th Edt (2019).

thank you for your idea

Dear

Thank you for your answer. I think mixing energy cost (MEC) is the index that I look for it.

Please Suggest any Scopus indexed Journals for Fast track publication ( in 2 Months) for Early Childhood Education.

Dear Madalina Serban, please have a look at the following. My Regards

Thank you Kevin Agina Onyango for the interesting question and all professors for the valuable answers.

There is no best fit it all method. Depending on local and circumstantial conditions (pressure, diameter, pipe material, intermittent service, availability of access points, ground conditions ...) the best one has to be selected. For this purpose I recommend reading this comparison of 24 methods:

Dear Jehad M Yousef ,

Short answer no. They have been discussed here on RG: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Are_the_conferences_organized_by_IIRST_and_ITAR_authentic

Just click on publication and you find for example the journal “Webology“ as Scopus indexed journal, buta quick look in Scopus sources tells us that there are discontinued in 2021 (https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/4400151723?origin=resultslist ).

Together with no real contact info is already enough to conclude: avoid this one.

Best regards.

Of course, you will be under confusion to select your Master Thesis title because of Software Design and Engineering is broad area coverage to select interesting and intended title according to your knowledge and experience.

Some titles are subject based or wider areas of application with other concepts like IoT, Networks, Digital linkages etc.

You will be in dilemma until you will select the suitable Title based on your subject.

Go through the articles from Google to get more knowledge regarding the titles which are really looking for.

Alireza Akbari

please write the ODE, not only the discretization You used.

however, for multi-step methods you need to create the starting values using a single-step method for all required nodes. Use a discretization of the same accuracy.

Note that the second order ODE could be written as system of two first order ODE.

Prof. Aditya Kumar Mishra

Teaching was the past, coaching and training are the future, and now is a transition! In my humble opinion,

Best Regards.

Hi dear Kourosh Vaferi,

You can import your 2D model from CATIA software into AutoCAD software and write output DXF.

Good luck!

Times Ascent, you can get latest updates on the related jobs in your region.

Employment News

Invariably the loading on one storey building roof with access is only `1.5 to 2 kN/m2 . and this is uni-formally distributed load. But if you pile up load in a small area more than the failure load of slab with concentrated load then the failure is imminent. this failure load can be calculated using yield line theory or by Hillerborg Strip method.

If you have this kind of loading then keep your props intact before you finish roof top work

Dear Brian Clause,

I'd like to give it a try and answer your question. Before I get to the point, it is important to emphasize that mechanical impedance is a complex quantity that provides the relationship between the velocity response and the force input of a linear system in the frequency domain.

Therefore, if we suppose an 'ideal damper' (with no inertia and stiffness effects), we realize that the corresponding mechanical impedance is given by the damping coefficient. Physically, it means that the damping force is in phase with velocity, and thus an ideal damper is a resistive element that dissipates energy.

However, for real systems in which inertia and stiffness effects must be taken into account, we conclude that the corresponding mechanical impedance is given by terms related to inertia, stiffness and damping of the system.

I've also attached a file from Prof. Mike Brennan if you want to search for more information about this topic. If you want to go deeper, check the reference below:

F. Fahy, P. Gardonio, Sound and structural vibration, second ed., Elsevier, 2007.

Hi,

Kindly refer this link:

Best wishes..

hi,

kindly refer this link:

Best wishes..

Dear Yasin,

I propose the following developmental and current research topic in the field of computer engineering: Analysis of the determinants of creating predictive simulation models for multi-faceted, complex economic, social, climate, natural, financial, pandemic, global problems, etc. based on large sets of information and data obtained from various sources including from publicly available websites and social media portals, including the use of Internet users' sentiment analysis, data analysis on Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence platforms, and with the use of selected, various Industry 4.0 technologies, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence, teaching machines, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, etc.

Best wishes,

Dariusz

Dear Malini Kanapathy, you have to separate the two compound for accurate analysis. After that, the polymer and the carbon compound are subjected to characterization. These include, NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, viscometry/GPC, DSC, and so on. My Regards

Participated in the questionnaire survey, Asharf. Good Luck and best wishes for your thesis and letting me know your email address and so, I can also share the questionnaire that I will develop to you via emails for the data collection, Ashraf Elhendawi .

Apart from suggestion received, you can study the SUN DIAGRAM for our location and according plan your design of rooms. Requirement of rooms need to be workout before you proceeds for planning. Architectural planning concepts need to adhere for better planning with respect to your requirement.

A seven-day forecast can accurately predict the weather about 80 percent of the time and a five-day forecast can accurately predict the weather approximately 90 percent of the time. However, a 10-day—or longer—forecast is only right about half the time.

But Extreme Weather Prediction models are yet to reach accuracy

The same concerns will be shared here which means I agree. The supposed standard concept of ethical publishing and research were taught and still in practice. Direct communication to the author/ correspondent is necessary, and in this way, limited access or limited amount of the manuscript maybe shared, both parties protected, and continuum of knowledge is not compromise. Best wishes.@Mahamid

sometimes having a small pumping station for the high lat customers is beneficial.

You don't say the reasons why reviewers rejected your article. Even if you are not satisfied with their comments, it is advisable to correct your article according to the recommendations of the reviewers because you do not hold the truth or part of the truth.

If you give the exact reasons for the rejection, the readers of this platform can help you improve the quality of your article and give you the right advice.

Regards

En mi pais, hay material especial para tratar estos casos y otros mas; por ejemplo selladores, alquitranes, y otros.

Perhaps using a quantum model.

Instead of a proposition of which to say whether it is true or false and to decide which branch to take, a quantum state function that precipitates with a measurement process into one of the component eigenstates and determines which case of a case statement is chosen.

The quantum computer could help.

Dear Claudio Calovi Pereira ,

Yes, there should be a classification as "Architecture" seperately. Otherwise, the categorization would be placed in either engineering/ civil engineering/ construction or building acoustics, where there is little chances for readers to have a review on the specific articles in Architecture.

"What would happen . . .?"

A mature system would reset resp. enter some safe state (in the worst case once the maximum allowable execution time has been exceeded).

Any other system might ruin your day or blow-up the world :(

Yingxu Wang The primary distinction between Level 3 and Level 4 automation is that Level 4 vehicles can act if something goes wrong or if the system fails. In this way, most of the time, these automobiles do not require human engagement. However, a person may still manually override the system.

Yingxu Wang Because all software systems have quality features such as availability, modifiability, performance, security and safety, testability, and usability, basic software principles give common methods or techniques to support those qualities.

Developing an accurate "Time Remaining" indication for downloads, backups, software installation, battery life, and other tasks is by far the most difficult job in computer science. Despite being a persistent cause of anger and shame, little progress has been made on this issue in decades.

Dear Shuraik Kader,

Given Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, cosmology regarding the development of the universe, quantum mechanics, future technologies for building interplanetary spacecraft, etc., time travel is theoretically possible. But in practice the building of a time machine by humans is impossible. Even if a man would achieve the required technological development in the next several hundred years, unfortunately he would not have enough time for it. First of all, a person must first solve other global problems, such as the necessary one is urgent, i.e. in the perspective of the next max. 2-3 decades of time, stopping or significantly slowing down the progressing global warming process, achieving zero-emission economy and avoiding a global climate catastrophe, which may occur at the end of the current 21st century. In order for man to be able to create new technologies of the future, to be able to build interplanetary manned spacecraft, etc., he must first save the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity from the risk of almost total degradation.

Best regards,

Dariusz

The simple muiltiplication of the mass by the thermal capacity as Bachir Achour proposes, is valid only at thermal equilibrium. Since buildings are always in a thermally dynamic state, this method strongly overestimente the active thermla capacity. When the ambient temperature continuously changes, the calculation is more complex, and needs solving the equation of heat. Simple mathematical solutions to determine the thermal mass of a multilayer plane building component under dynamic conditions are indeed described in EN-ISO 13786 as mentioned by Edwin Rodriguez-Ubinas.

An experimental method to determine the dynamic thermal capacity of a room was proposed by Van der Maas (see attched paper). The apparent room effusivity can be measured by recording the increase of the indoor temperature after switching on a constant power heat source.

Dear Bassel Hossam Eldin,

I propose the following research topic for your thesis on project management issues: Improving the processes of planning and implementation of construction investment projects and their implementation through the use of ICT and Industry 4.0 information technologies, including the use of digital twins of construction investment projects created in information systems.

Best wishes,

Dariusz

Post graduate degrees are not an absolute necessity for you to perform research as an independent scientist but they certainly help. This is because, unlike undergraduate degrees, they prepare you for independent and original work and offer specific courses on research methodology. However, you can also get informal exposure to research methodology by reading the research work of engineers in the journals they publish. In Shona there is this saying: To succeed you must see how others before you achieved their success (Kugara nhaka huona dzevamwe).

Riccardo Bernardini This is an interesting article. But search "neutron accelerator" on Google and you get many tens of thousands of entry points. The neutron has a magnetic moment, so is affected by any magnetic gradient. Actually by any energy density gradient of the right size and timing. But it is a well developed and valuable technique.

I have been following neutron control methods for many years, but I am looking at low cost methods for research and development groups. And for low and middle income countries. Neutron sources can be tuned, neutrons can be slowed, neutrons can be focused, neutron activation and scattering have many uses. Lots of useful things now. The same methods (and better ones) work on any particle of any size that has a permanent or induced magnetic or electric moment.

("accelerating neutrons" OR "neutron accelerator") has 102,000 entry points (Google, 11 Mar 2022).

If you search for "The development of a low energy neutron accelerator for rebunching pulsed neutrons" there are a few places the PDF is posted.

If you see their equation (1) it has the usual B^2 term that is a good indication that energy density gradient methods are the low cost way to handle it. I have been at this for just over 40 years now. Lots of times the original ideas and methods never amount to much, even if a lot of money gets spent. It is when it gets into "engineering" stage that new products, devices and applications for society happen. With more sensitive amplifiers and ADCs, with high sampling rates and low latency monitoring of real time data streams, many things that were "impossible" a year ago, are possible now. Every day I read the "old" books and papers from the 40's, 50's, 60's, 70's, 80's, 90's, 00's and 10's to see places they said "impossible", and what they should have said, "not economic or possible with our current sensors, computers and algorithms". And that has changed, dramatically, in the last year or so.

I try to track those things every day for the Internet Foundation. Because the methods of the Internet depend on those same technologies applied to problems in all parts of human society.

Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation

excellent quesion

Done

Idir Abdelhek

Thank you, sir. But I don't understand your language.

I am about to complete a manuscript on this with Prof. John Campbell. It is our opinion that what Griffiths referred to as prior (preexisting) crack is an artifact of how we treat liquid metals, filling all engineering metals with invisible cracks that the current NDI techniques cannot detect. So even of the structures have been designed by licensed engineers with high factors of safety, our metallic structures will have invisible defects that open up under stress during failure. The forensic literature is full of these premture fatigue failure cases, although the engineering design seems to be impeaccable.

Aditya Kumar Mishra Scientific answers are already cited by many experts aI can say depending upon the simplest form is that Energy is nothing but ability to do the work......

Hello,

If you use LaTeX then it is just the elsarticle.sty class. This is because the journal is published by Elsevier. You can find it here: https://www.elsevier.com/authors/policies-and-guidelines/latex-instructions

Otherwise, you can prepare your document in MS Word, and submit it through the editorial process. The final layout is done by the production house.

Regards,

Hi Mahdi Ebrahimnejad Shalmani

I understand that the 4DOF system for the washer can be quite lengthy. However, I'm unsure if your question is a control problem. If it is, and the 4DOF mathematical model can be expressed in such form:

x' = f(x) + g(x)·F_c(ω)

where

then I think it is possible to design the spin speed profile for the control input, ω, so that the desired responses of x can be achieved. If you want to design the profile, you need to at least understand the mathematical equation for F_c(ω). Do you want to regulate the spin speed at 300 rpm, 600 rpm, or 1200 rpm? Because I see only the signal oscillates within the dimensionless amplitudes ± 4×10^–3.

Hi Saeb AmirAhmadi Chomachar

I have plotted the signal according to your suggestion, and compared it with Mahdi's original signal. Note that if t₁ > 5/τ, then exp(–τ·θ(t – t₁)·t) ≈ 0 after t₁, because exp(–0.5·t) has decayed to almost zero.

The subject of specialisations does not depend on the feature income rather your subject if interest . Organic chemistry has too much scopes as a synthetic( R&D) chemist in multinational pharmaceutical houses like Chem biotech , Pfizer , DRL labs etc etc. Even in post doc level abroad from India very high scope in organic nano synthesis like CNT . So scope of income is naturally very high in organic chemistry indeed . But in analytical chemistry the scope is narrow compared to organic chemistry . Since analytical and quality control laboratories are also guided by organic chemists / phyto chemists / petrochemicals for mainly UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis / Chromatography like GC , HPLC , HPTLC , GC-Mass spectrophotometer and fluroscence spectroscopy .Yes analyical chemists are useful in effluent treatment / waste water analysis as well as drinking water analysis of trace heavy metals like Cu , Cd, As , Pb , Hg ( II , I ) by AAS ( Atomic abs Spectrophotometry ) AES ( Atomic emission spectrophotometry. In drinking / waste water lab there are so many important analytical parameters like B.O.D , C.O.D , D.O , pH , TDS , TSS and limit tests for heavy metals in trace metals .

This blog may help

The science fiction book Jurassic Park and the movies based on it are about recreating dinosaurs by extracting their DNA from the guts of dinosaur-biting insects trapped in amber.

DNA is not sufficiently stable to survive for the necessary 65 million years or longer since dinosaurs roamed the Earth, so dinosaur DNA is not available. What you would do with it, if you could get it, in order to recreate dinosaurs is another issue.

The oldest DNA ever recovered was recently reported from 1.2 million year old mammoth teeth in Siberia.

It has been seriously proposed to recreate mammoths, which went extinct several thousand years ago. Mammoth DNA is available from animals preserved in permafrost.

Perhaps this is due to the fact that the graphical method makes it possible to "see" the calculation. Psychological factor in choosing a method.

I agree with Prof. Hans-Georg Petersen´s opinion, Dear Shuraik Kader, adding that sometimes good supervisors are responsible for the advanced courses taught to their students.

It is not only handling famous papers to students and disappear the rest of the term, as some do.

Best Regards and Good Luck.

The transition to a circular economy is not uniform and varies depending on a series of factors such as the degree of industrialization, the level of technological development, the availability of qualified human resources and access to financing, among others.

"Life cycle assesment (LCA)" could be jointly addressed with the "circular economy (CE)" and the "ecosystem service valuation (ESV)", as an integrated tool to "quantify the resource-based benefits due to carbon based methane (CH4) production". Besides, this integrated approach can better control the excessive use of material, lowering the energy needs for new products, saving natural sources from overexploitation and environmental degradation, managing labour's capital, and proving the resource efficacy of carbon capture.

The only weakness in my opinion is that all the software are proprietary and two different software cannot communicate with each other without compatibility issues.

If you want to some basic ideas about that then you go for S k garg. And if you want to know deep knowledge about that then go for Metcalf and Eddy. It's clear all the concepts from basics to advance.

Dear Amila Abeynayaka . I think the question must be highlighted social world issues (scientific &non scientific ) .

. Thank you.

Pavel Zikmund yep - controls in degrees instead of radians for some reason! Interesting when CRRCsim uses AVL derivatives, the controls derivatives need to be back in [1/rad]

Please have a look at enclosed PDF..

Dear Shuraik Kader

If your focus area is on building design-related research (with a green roof), you can submit built environment-related journals. However, If your focus area is on environmental engineering, you can submit physical environment-related journals.

For the Journal search, please follow Jochen Hack's suggestions.

Best of Luck.

FWIW: I used to submit such book reviews to the "Microelectronics Journal". Admittedly, when I did so was in the mid 1980s, and the editor in chief was my boss. You can probably find somewhere else more appropriate these days, so I will eagerly await how others reply to your question. Good luck.

Deflouridation techniques are simple and can be explained like Bone charcoal, contact precipitation, Algona, activated alumina, ion-exchange technology, membrane filtration, nanofiltration, and clay are all methods for defluoridating water that can be used. Reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis, and distillation are examples of cutting-edge treatment methods.

The application of jerk in physics have many instances and one of the example I can shot is simple that the jerk is nothing but it is all about the rate at which any objects acceleration changes with the time or with respect to time.

Dear Muhammed:

You can benefit from these suggestions:

1_ Concentrated Photovoltaics:

Research focusing on the development of concentrating systems for solar photovoltaic devices began at the University of California, Merced in 2005. Through both funding and collaboration with public and private organizations, our research has led to the development of products that are currently entering the marketplace. These concentrating devices greatly enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and permit the use of lower-cost materials in the fabrication of solar cell devices.

2- Solar Thermal:

Solar thermal systems operate by using sunlight to raise the temperature of an oil medium as high as 400° F or a molten salt to temperatures exceeding 1,800° F. The energy captured in this process is stored in the form of heat that can later be used in a number of applications ranging from large-scale electric power generation to simply heating water for home use. This capacity to store energy at a lower relative cost is a key advantage that solar thermal systems have over photovoltaic systems.

3- Contamination and Cleaning of Solar Collectors:

Soiling is the phenomena of accumulation of dirt on solar collectors, which blocks or deflects sunlight and significantly reduce the performance of the solar energy systems. We will systematically study soiling and cleaning processes and their effect on the performance of solar systems. Synergistic lab and field experiments and complementary numerical simulations will be conducted to investigate particle deposition, adhesion and mitigation under natural or artificial wind conditions, which will be applied for performance forecasting and optimal design of cleaning methods.

4- Nanopillar Photovoltaics:

Solar energy represents one of the most abundant and yet least-harvested source of renewable energy. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in developing photovoltaics (PVs) that can be potentially mass employed.

5-Nanostructured Photovoltaics:

work on the design and development of solar cells and solar concentrators which will utilize nanoscale materials for converting solar energy into electrical power. The nanoparticles we use in our research are semiconducting quantum dots grown by chemical synthesis. These include dots of different materials and sizes, with optical and structural properties varying over a wide range. In particular, we are focusing on narrow band-gap semiconductor quantum dots with emission energies in the infra-red.

6- Daylighting:

You are probably reading this, sitting in a room, illuminated by several conventional lights which are all consuming an abundant amount of energy—with the sun glaring outside! The plan is to bring the free sunlight from outside, inside! Using our solar concentration technology we can direct daylight into buildings.

7- Thermoelectric Materials:

More efficient materials are needed to expand the commercial applications of thermoelectric devices. CoSb3 is the most promising thermoelectric material to replace PbTe-based alloys. The binary skutterudite compound cobalt triantimonide CoSb3 is particularly interesting because it displays remarkable electrical properties. The overall performance of this material remains however low due to an excessive value of its lattice thermal conductivity.

8- All-Carbon Solar-Driven Water Splitting:

The high-level goal of this research is to achieve high performance, all-carbon, solar-driven water splitting by understanding the synergistic co-assembly of earth abundant fullerenes (C60s), semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using graphitic nano-surfactants with engineered geometry-driven function. We employ novel experimental techniques and unconventional device architectures guided by fundamental modeling.

9- Minichannel-based Solar Collectors:

Solar thermal systems provide the capability of generating heat, electric power, and/or cooling in a sustainable way and for a variety of applications due to the relatively large range of temperatures that different collector configurations provide. Currently, a key issue that remains a subject of intense research relates to effectively transferring the energy obtained from the sun to the working fluid. Increasing the efficiency of solar water heaters has the potential to have a high impact on the consumption of natural gas and other fuels in the residential and commercial sector.

10- Solar Fuel Conversion:

Sunlight and seawater are the ultimate and sustainable energy sources on earth, and together they constitute a potential solution to the global energy crisis, which at the same time can reduce the carbon emission due to the use of fossil fuels. A photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell utilizes solar energy to directly split water and generate H2, which is clean and free of carbon emission. However, it is broadly recognized by the PEC community that there is no single material can be the perfect photoelectrode candidate for solar water splitting with respect to light absorption, water reduction, chemical stability.

11- Advanced Solution Processable Photovoltaics Research:

Solar is the most abundant renewable energy source. One hour of solar energy on earth is equivalent to the world annual energy consumption. The relatively high cost of solar energy conversion compared to that of fossil sources is still a major hurdle preventing the widespread adoption of PV technologies. Therefore, cost reduction is key. To reduce the cost of solar energy conversion, our work includes the development of polymer and solution process small molecule solar cells and the development of solution process inorganic solar cells.

12- Full-Spectrum Photovoltaic-Photothermal Concentrator System:

Using power from the sun to replace the current massive use of fossil fuel to power the planet is truly a modern day “Holy Grail” for future energy economies. At an average solar irradiance of 1.76 x 1017 watts, solar power is a near-infinite source of terrestrial power. If solar power could be economically and resourcefully converted to other useful energy and power sources, it would allow earth to migrate from generating a huge carbon footprint, due to fossil fuel use, to being carbon neutral.

I hope it will be helpful...

Best regards....

Firstly a design mix must be prepared to meet the strength specified by the consultant. When the required strength is achieved per what the consultant want then you deduce the ratio from the mix design to be used at site.

The ratio will be used at site and samples will be taken to the lab for crushing. so if crushed and we are able get the same strength as specified by the consultant then that will be a means of ensuring that the specified grade of concrete is attain at the site.

other means is by using the maturity method.....

I agree with the comments on the question being too generic. However, I have attempted to answer this question anyway (with some caveats) with the attached decision tree. This is an excerpt from my book; the PDF is available for free here:

I think https://arxiv.org/ is the best option.

To Gabriel Felmer: Perhaps you may check Typeset (Research Writing Platform): https://typeset.io/

The question is narrowed down to Indian Engineering students who have exposure in India.

They can have tours for Industrial visits throughout India.

They can undergo Apprentinship in any one of the Industries.

Whatever they have studied in the classroom is only the Agreement Reality only.

Whatever they have done in the Industry practically is only the Experimental Reality.

The accumulated knowledge from books on a theoretical basis may not be sufficient enough for Engineering College students rather practical practices could support more.

India is one of the emerging countries globally to support Engineering Students.

Dear Sandford:

You can benefit from this valuable Link about your topic:

I hope it will be helpful...

Best regards....