Science topics: Engineering
Science topic

Engineering - Science topic

This research group is created with an intention of making an interaction among the research scholars, professors, scientists, engineers & technologists working in the field of Engineering, so that today’s novel ideas can become reality of tomorrow and these all can be implemented in a more constructive manner for the welfare of whole mankind
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📣 Spread the word! 🎓 Open PhD position at the Chair of Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Ljubljana. ⏳ Application deadline: 7 September2023 If you are aware of any qualified master students (Engineering with strong backround in Mechanics, Computational Engineering, Civil/Mechanical Engineering or related fields) then encourage them to apply! ℹ️ See https://lnkd.in/gfdUG6mY for more details!
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NIce Scope for research.
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1. Prakash K.B.,Data science handbook: A practical approach,2022,Data Science Handbook: A Practical Approach
2. Prakash K.B.,Quantum Meta-Heuristics and Applications,2021,Cognitive Engineering for Next Generation Computing: A Practical Analytical Approach
3. Prakash K.B.,Information extraction in current Indian web documents,2018,International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE)
4. Prakash K.B.,Content extraction studies using total distance algorithm,2017,Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology, iCATccT 2016
5. Prakash K.B.,Mining issues in traditional indian web documents,2015,Indian Journal of Science and Technology
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please consider COPE guidance for authoritative position on this issue https://publicationethics.org/citation-manipulation-discussion-document
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How to obtain product feedback from existing customers to create a better version of your product?
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Survey is definitely the answer but if the customers are uncomfortable providing a social media page or website platform for review and recommendation might also be fruitful.
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Engineering for One Planet is an authoritative framework for universities of technology, but it may not be the best or the most transformative one. I wonder what experts in sustainable education, engineering ethics, reflexive engineering, etc. think about it and whether they could recommend better alternatives.
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We need to immediately utilize a problem- solving framework for HEIs. This approach is very relevant for:
a. addressing operational issues and challenges within the institutions;
b. addressing and resolving developmental challenges;
c. aligning and realigning operational=developmental initiatives;
d. improving curriculum across all disciplines;
d. attracting and retaining faculty and students and providing a strong sustainable revenue stream for HEIs;;
e. ensuring workplace relevance graduate employability.
If you are aware of a university that needs this type of assistance, I might be willing to serve on contract.
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Design of Industrial Automation Systems - Formal Requirements in the Engineering Process
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I'm not sure if I understood your question, but in order to run an industrial process efficiently, one must start with the first, most important step: creating a mathematical model that captures both the transient and steady-state characteristics of the system. The model should explicitly indicate any inputs that cause a disturbance as well as the system's inputs and outputs. Then, based on the system's open-loop performance, you can select a suitable control strategy from the wide range of alternatives described in the literature.
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Complex graphical sketches are highly involved in Culmann's methods. Therefore, it is highly prone for getting deviations in magnitudes for resultant pressure on retaining wall. I would like to get suggestions from RG colleagues on why Culmann's graphical approach is mostly preferred in many research papers albeit Rankine's method is easy and precise in terms of equations and substitutions. I would welcome answers from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
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Rankine theory is specific to vertical and smooth wall. But culmann's graphical approach is also for inclined wall. I think this is major cause of choosing Culmann's graphical approach over Rankine theory.
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SEHS
(Science, Engineering and Health Studies)
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Hi Dr. Saran Malisorn, Interesting question
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Dans cet article , je suis co-auteur. Lorsque je tente de le poster sur Researchgate, mon nom s'affiche comme Pierre Mbang et un message renseigne que je n'ai pas de droit sur cet article. Comment pouvez-vous aider à resoudre cette difficulté?
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Pour cette publication, seuls les 3 premiers auteurs sur 10 sont indiqués dans ResearchGate. Pour revendiquer votre qualité d'auteur : 1. Cliquez sur le bouton More en dessous des statistiques sur le côté droit. 2. Sélectionnez Claim authorship - is this your work ? dans le menu déroulant. 3. Cliquez sur My name is not on this list + Add name (Mon nom ne figure pas dans cette liste + Ajouter un nom).
Une autre façon de corriger ce problème est de demander à Bianza Moise Bakadia (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bianza-Bakadia-2) ou à Lallepak Lamboni (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lallepak-Lamboni) d'ajouter les 7 auteurs restants. Ouvrez leurs profils et utilisez le bouton "Message" pour leur envoyer un message.
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I want to calculate Rayleigh number and Nusselt number of a PCM-heatsink to analyze the intensity of the natural convection of PCM. There are some fins inside my heatsink to enhance the heat transfer. Now I am having trouble calculating the characteristic length to use in Rayleigh and Nusselt dimensionless numbers.
I would be grateful if you could help me.
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The Rayleigh number (Ra) is a dimensionless number used to predict the flow regime (conduction, convection, or mixed) in a fluid when it is heated from below. In the context of a phase change material (PCM)-heatsink system with fins, the characteristic length is an important parameter for calculating the Rayleigh number.
The characteristic length (L) used in the Rayleigh number calculation can vary depending on the geometry of the system. In the case of a PCM-heatsink with fins, the characteristic length can be defined based on the specific geometry you are dealing with. Here are a few possibilities:
  1. Fin Height (H): If the characteristic dimension of interest is the height of the fins (assuming they are vertically oriented), you can use the height of the fin as the characteristic length. This would be suitable when the heat transfer is mainly driven by natural convection along the fins.Rayleigh Number (Ra) = (g * β * ΔT * H^3) / (ν * α)Where:g: Acceleration due to gravity β: Coefficient of volumetric expansion ΔT: Temperature difference between the heated surface and the surrounding fluid ν: Kinematic viscosity of the fluid α: Thermal diffusivity of the fluid
  2. Fin Base Width (W): If the characteristic dimension is the width of the fin base, you can use this value as the characteristic length. This might be more appropriate if the heat transfer occurs primarily through the base of the fins.Rayleigh Number (Ra) = (g * β * ΔT * W^3) / (ν * α)
Remember that the choice of characteristic length depends on the dominant heat transfer mechanism in your specific setup. The key is to select a length scale that is relevant to the phenomenon you are trying to analyze.
Additionally, when dealing with PCM systems, keep in mind that the melting and solidification of the PCM can introduce additional complexity to the heat transfer process. You might need to consider the effects of latent heat and phase change in your analysis.
Before performing calculations, ensure that the physical properties of the fluid, PCM, and the geometry are accurately determined. It's recommended to consult relevant literature, research articles, or textbooks in the field of heat transfer to find appropriate values and guidance for your specific configuration.
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Control Engineering
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First, it really depends on what you call a "robot".
My interpretation is a general/multipurpose automation system.
Regarding types of control, there are as many "types" as there are designers but I would generally separate the into five groups
  1. Fully Manual control. This is like an RC car. There is a person controlling everything.
  2. Assisted Manual control. This is like a drone. You can control it manually but there are can also be limit guards (that keep you from breaking stuff like running into trees of going into certain zones) and there can be some autonomous functions (like takeoff, landing, and flip).
  3. State-based control. This is how many industrial robots operate. The robot has several well defined states it moves between and events trigger the motion between the states.
  4. Adaptive autonomous control. This is like Tesla FSD. You give the robot a goal and it will adapt it's path based on the circumstances it runs into when moving toward that goal.
  5. Intelligent autonomous control. This is like a Sci-Fi robot. It "thinks", sets its own goals and responds to inputs like a person would.
Where I work, we have quite a few and of many different types of robots.
  1. For most of ours, they operate in State-based control. We program the points manually (using Fully Manual control) and write a computer program that moves the robot through a sequence to perform production operations
  2. A few of our robots use Adaptive autonomous control. These are generally the mobile robots that are delivering parts to the other robots. They have to navigate through a filed that includes people they have to react to and navigate aroung
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Urgent reform is needed for all higher education in the world for the interest of the students ! Of course fine-art majors' students may need sometimes even face to face, one to one study with their academicians !
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BENEFITS:
You may avoid high tuition fees & other living expanses. You can live in your family house with your family. You can work full time & get experienced in job(s) & gain considerable income & also accumulate retirement pensions.
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Power Plant Engineering
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Dear doctor
"A busbar is an electrical junction used for collecting electric power from the incoming feeders and distributes them to the outgoing feeders. The main purpose of a busbar is to carry electricity and distribute it. Busbars are used to make the systems more efficient."
"Bus Bar -
Introduction
In most of aircrafts, the output from the generating sources is coupled to one or more low impedance conductors referred as bus bars. This are situated at central points within the aircraft and provides positive supplies to various consumer circuits. In a very simple system a bus bar can take the form of a strip of interlinked terminals while in complex system. Main bus bars are thick metal strips or rods to which input and output supply connections can be made.
Bus Bar Systems Requirements: i) Power-consuming equipment must not be deprived of power in the event of power source failures.
ii) Failure on the distribution system should have the minimum effect on system functioning
iii) Power consuming equipment faults must not endanger the supply of power to other equipment."
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Power Plant Engineering
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Dear doctor
Go To
Environment Impact Assessment of Thermal Power Plant for Sustainable Development
Sameer Kumar , Dhruv Katoria and Dhruv Sehgal
International Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management, Volume 4, Number 6 (2013), pp. 567-572 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ ijeem.htm
"Abstract
Thermal Power plants are the major source of generation of electricity for any developing country. Around 60% of electricity generation in our country is met by thermal power plants. Fuel is blown into the combustible chamber of the boiler where it is burnt at high temperature where Heat energy converts water into steam. High energy steam is passed through the turbine and the steam creates force on the turbine causing the shaft to rotate at high speed. A generator is coupled at one end of the turbine shaft which generates power. The thermal power plant has serious impacts on land , soil, air and various social impacts the thermal power plant are also said to emit large amount of mercury and generate large quantity of fly ash which destroys the surrounding environment. These plants also consume a large amount of water. Due to these problems they require a proper Environmental impact assessment before commencement of the project which is not done judiciously in our country. Various mitigation measures for the control of pollution caused by thermal power plants along with some new technologies are discussed."
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Power Plant Engineering
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Sorry
I dont know any information for about that.
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Hi,
I have a basic question about cell engineering. Is it possible to load or engineer mammalian cells to produce certain chemicals?
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Yes, although it depends on the substance and the type of cells. A recent example is using mRNA vaccines to cause cells to produce COVID-19 spike proteins which act as antigens. Did you have a specific chemical and cell in mind?
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The Ricci tensor assumes the role of helping us understand curvature. Within my Universal Theory research, the Ricci tensor unveils itself. I was pleased to find as detailed in my research document on the Grand Unified Theory Framework (of which advancements in technology are showing there may be more than one viable form of as science progresses)that the Ricci Tensor was typically vanishing to zero in relation to the schwarzschild metric as it should back when I was performing feasibility and speciousness checks via calculations with other experts and myself. But in practical applications of the Grand Unified Theory Framework, vanishing to zero unravels very intriguing consequences.
One of said consequences was something small and interesting I wanted to discuss. The purpose is to highlight the intricacies of implementing such a highly comprehensive concepts in practical settings such as code. To thus detail the challenges researchers may face when translating comprehensive physics and mathematics formulations into concrete applications. More often than not I have found it requiring innovative adaptations and problem-solving. I also want to hear if anyone has any experience with similar things and what their experience was.
My recent amd past ventures into authenticating the Universal Theory framework in code but also writing complex neural networking and AI code with it, as well as Quantum computing code had a lot of interesting hurdles. I immersed myself in the depths of this then encountered a peculiar happenstance. The vanishing of the Ricci tensor to zero in the code procceses. I didn't realize why a lot of the code wasn't working. It's because I was trying to run iterative artificial learning code. And since it incorporated the Universal Theory, and did so in a mathematically accurate way (also authenticating it in various ways via code this way is possible) I didn't realize that no matter what I did the code would never work with the full form of the theory, because the Ricci tensor would always vanish to zero in terms of the schwarzschild metric within the subsequent processes running off initial code. And while this was validating for my theory it was equally frustrating to realize it may be a massive hurdle to institutingnit in code.
This unexpected twist threw me into a world where certain possibilities seemed to evaporate into the ether. The task of setting values for the tensor g_ij (the einstein tensor form utilized in the Grand Unified Theory Framework) in code had to demand a lot of intricate modifications.
I found myself utterly lost. I thought the code was specious. Before I thought to check the ricci tensor calculations, Christoffel and Riemann formations and got it running. I think it's quite scary in a way that someone could have similar code with my own or another form of Unified Theory but if they didn't have THAT sufficient of knowledge on relativity, they may never know the code worked. I feel few have attempted to embrace the tangible variations of complex frameworks within code. I wanted to share this because I thought it was interesting as an example of multidisciplinary science. Coding and physics together is always interesting and there isn't a whole lot of support or information for people venturing into these waters sometimes.
I would like to know what everyone thinks of multidisciplinary issues such as this as well, wherein one may entirely miss valuable data by not knowing what to look for, and how that may affect final results and calculations of research and experimentation. In this situation, ultimately I had to employ some of the concepts in my research document to arrive at the Ricci tensor without any formations of Christoffel or Riemann symbols in the subsequent processes. I thought that was interesting from a physics and coding perspective too. Because I never would've know how to parse this code to get it functioning without knowledge of relativity.
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There must be a lot of mysteries for you. Its pretty simply if you can read. As well, I'm sure you know with your nearly omnipotent knowledge that citations aren't instant. Try extrapolating. And consume less salt.
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Control Engineering
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  • Hydraulic actuators: use pressurised fluid to generate motion. They are typically used in applications that need a lot of force or torque, like industrial robots or construction equipment. Hydraulic actuators are also extremely precise, making them perfect for high-precision applications.
  • Pneumatic actuators: work by compressing air to create motion. They are less expensive and simpler to maintain than hydraulic actuators, making them a great choice for applications where cost and simplicity are important. Pneumatic actuators, on the other hand, are less powerful and precise than hydraulic actuators.
  • Electric actuators: generate motion by using electrical energy. Electric actuators are also reasonably easy to regulate, making them an excellent choice for applications requiring precision and flexibility.
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Describe the implementation of coordinator geometry & linear algebra in the field of Engineering.
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There is no mathematical subject as (coordinator geometry), that is Coordinate Geoemetry or Analytic Geometry which is invented & designed Rene Descartes. Also sometimes it is also called Cartesian Geometry in honor of R.Descartes.
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Using machine learning algorithms
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  1. Surrogate Modeling: Using ML to create simplified models of complex physical systems for faster simulations and improved understanding.
  2. Data-driven Discovery: Employing ML to find patterns and relationships in data to make new scientific discoveries and develop innovative products.
  3. Inverse Problems: Solving problems that infer underlying causes from observations using machine learning techniques.
  4. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE): Enhancing accuracy and efficiency in engineering simulations and automating the design process with ML.
  5. Healthcare Applications: Utilizing ML in medical image analysis, drug discovery, and personalized medicine for advanced healthcare solutions.
These topics represent some of the exciting frontiers where machine learning is making significant contributions to computational science and engineering research.
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Power Plant Engineering
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Hello Rana Hamza Shakil you can get a good sense of environmental impacts and its analysis for a power plant in the following article...
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Q1: Would you like to know many innovative keys and many facts about the words that you speak, use, utilize, and develop?
Here is an open invitation to Join:
Unified Word Engineering (UWE))
LinkedIn Group
Unified Word Engineering (UWE) Overview
“A Word is the foundation stone of science and knowledge.”
“A word is a guide for all nations to follow.”
“A Word for freedom is like a fortress and a shield.”
We have more than 300 questions to answer about a Word:
Do you know the true meaning of a Word?
Do you understand what a Word is?
Do you know the ultimate goal of a Word?
Would you happen to know the functional requirements?
Do you know the nonfunctional requirements?
The answer to all the previous questions is: NO.
We have discovered unified and constant innovations based on our discoveries of more than 50 intrinsic and inventive factors called “Innovative keys,” more than 100 new pieces of information per Word, and we have answered more than 300 questions about any word about (a Word).
A word can be documented with more than fifty new innovative keys and a lot of new data in three to more than five thousand pages.
“A word is closely related to art, science, and engineering.”
“A word does not have synonyms and will be treated as unified, fixed, and unique.”
What is the art of a Word?
It raises other questions, including new science called the “Art of Abstraction.”
What is the significance of a Word?
What is the value of a Word?
What are the advantages and ethics of a Word?
What are the aesthetic qualities of a Word?
What is the final and comprehensive definition of any word?
What are the uses of a Word technically?
Etc.
What is the science of a Word?
It raises other questions, including the result of a new branch of science called Fayad’s Dictionary.
What is a word classification?
What is the unifying goal of any word?
Hint One: It is the only goal for all the Word scenarios.
Hint Two: Most Words have one goal, a few words have two goals each, and scarce Words have three goals each.
Hint Three: Each goal represents a system. Therefore, if a Word has three goals, it means three systems.
What are the positive impacts of the unified goal of any word?
What is the commotion for any word?
Do you know what reliable sources are for any word?
What is the Word’s responsibility?
What roles does Wordplay play?
What is the code of honor for a Word?
Etc.
What is the engineering of a word?
What is the map of knowledge of a Word?
What are the basic needs and requirements of a Word?
What is the unified and consistent form of a Word?
Could you tell me what the nonfunctional requirements are in Word?
What are the applications of a Word?
What are word behaviors?
What are the modeling techniques of a word?
Each of these questions raises many questions.
What are the rules, policies, and constraints of a word?
We will discuss all these issues in different articles in our magazine.
.
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I believe it is an exciting and crucial topic, personally and professionally. So, my answer is YES!
Thank you for asking, Dr Fayad.
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Trying to mitigate early-age fractures in concrete buildings is crucial for ensuring adequate durability, minimising potential strength loss, and lowering maintenance costs. Because these cracks challenge the residential comfort and the aesthetic appearances of buildings.
So, what are the alternative measures adapted to mitigate arly-age cracks in the construction industry?
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Early-age cracking in concrete structures is a common problem that can lead to durability issues and premature failure. There are a number of factors that can contribute to early-age cracking, including:
  • Rapid drying. Concrete that dries too quickly can develop tensile stresses that can lead to cracking.
  • Low cement content. Concrete with a low cement content is more likely to crack than concrete with a higher cement content.
  • High water-to-cement ratio. Concrete with a high water-to-cement ratio is more likely to crack than concrete with a lower water-to-cement ratio.
  • Inadequate curing. Concrete that is not cured properly is more likely to crack.
There are a number of ways to mitigate early-age cracking in concrete structures. Some of the most common methods include:
  • Controlling the drying rate. The drying rate of concrete can be controlled by using evaporative retarders or by covering the concrete with a curing compound.
  • Using admixtures. There are a number of admixtures that can be used to improve the early-age properties of concrete, such as air-entraining admixtures and shrinkage-reducing admixtures.
  • Using high-performance concrete. High-performance concrete is a type of concrete that has been designed to have superior strength and durability. High-performance concrete is less likely to crack than conventional concrete.
  • Proper curing. Concrete must be cured properly to achieve its full strength and durability. Curing involves keeping the concrete moist for a period of time after it has been placed.
By following these methods, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of early-age cracking in concrete structures. Here are some additional tips for mitigating early-age cracking in concrete structures:
  • Use a slump that is appropriate for the job. A slump that is too high can lead to segregation and cracking.
  • Use a concrete mix that has been designed for the specific application. The mix design should take into account the factors that are likely to contribute to early-age cracking.
  • Place the concrete in a timely manner. The concrete should be placed as soon as possible after it has been mixed.
  • Compact the concrete properly. Compaction helps to remove air voids and produces a more uniform concrete.
  • Monitor the temperature of the concrete. The temperature of the concrete should be kept within the recommended range.
  • Inspect the concrete regularly. Cracks that develop early in the curing process can be repaired more easily than cracks that develop later.
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Power Plant Engineering
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To mitigate the risks of radiation exposure, we can implement measures such as using time, distance, and shielding, providing proper personal protective equipment, enforcing regulatory compliance, conducting regular monitoring and dosimetry, and promoting comprehensive training and education. Emergency preparedness, environmental monitoring, and responsible radiation waste management are also crucial in ensuring safety and minimizing potential hazards.
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Power Plant Engineering
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As of this date Rana Hamza Shakil has posted over 1,000 pointless questions on RG, all of no interest or value in the hopes of working the RG algorithm in his favor. His plagiarized "contributions" (LOL), also of little value, only contribute to his poor standing in the community. He does not seem to realize that 'Others', maybe even someone considering him for a position may look at what he has done and quickly decide that his behavior, fake profile and false rating disqualifies him.
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Power Plant Engineering
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As of this date Rana Hamza Shakil has posted over 1,000 pointless questions on RG, all of no interest or value in the hopes of working the RG algorithm in his favor. His plagiarized "contributions" (LOL), also of little value, only contribute to his poor standing in the community. He does not seem to realize that 'Others', maybe even someone considering him for a position may look at what he has done and quickly decide that his behavior, fake profile and false rating disqualifies him.
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Power Plant Engineering
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The efficiency of a water turbine, which is used in power plants to convert the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy, is influenced by several factors. Some of the key factors that affect the efficiency of a water turbine are:
  1. Design and type of turbine: The design and type of turbine used can significantly impact its efficiency. Different types of turbines, such as Francis, Pelton, or Kaplan turbines, have varying efficiencies based on their design characteristics and the specific operating conditions they are optimized for.
  2. Head and flow rate of water: The head refers to the vertical distance between the water source (such as a dam or reservoir) and the turbine. The flow rate is the volume of water passing through the turbine per unit of time. Higher head and flow rate generally lead to better efficiency.
  3. Turbine size and scale: The size and scale of the turbine, including its diameter and rotational speed, can influence its efficiency. Larger turbines are often more efficient because they can capture a greater amount of kinetic energy from the water flow.
  4. Hydraulic efficiency: This refers to the efficiency of the turbine in converting the available water energy into mechanical energy. Factors affecting hydraulic efficiency include the shape of the turbine blades, clearance gaps, and flow losses within the turbine components.
  5. Mechanical losses: Mechanical losses within the turbine, such as friction and bearing losses, can reduce the overall efficiency. Minimizing these losses through proper design, lubrication, and maintenance can improve turbine efficiency.
  6. Cavitation and water quality: Cavitation occurs when water pressure drops below the vapor pressure, leading to the formation of bubbles that collapse violently, causing damage to the turbine and reducing its efficiency. Water quality, including the presence of impurities or suspended solids, can also affect the turbine's performance and efficiency.
  7. Control systems: Efficient control systems that optimize the turbine's operation based on the changing conditions can improve overall efficiency. These systems may include features such as adjustable blades, variable speed operation, and automatic control of water flow.
  8. Maintenance and upkeep: Regular maintenance and upkeep of the turbine, including cleaning, inspection, and repair of components, are essential to ensure optimal efficiency. Neglected or poorly maintained turbines may experience reduced efficiency over time.
It's important to note that the efficiency of a water turbine is typically expressed as a percentage and is influenced by a combination of these factors. Optimal efficiency is achieved when the turbine is designed, operated, and maintained in a manner that maximizes its performance under the specific operating conditions.
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I would like to ask a general question: Any other physicists of any kind, what do YOU see as the fundamental flaws currently existing in mathematics-to-physics (or vice versa) calculations in a general sense? Is it differences in tensors, unknown values, inconsistent unreliable outputs with known methods, no reliable well-known methods ect? Or is the problem to you seen as more of a problem with scientific attitudes and viewpoints being limiting in their current state? And the bigger overall question: Which of these options is limiting science to a higher degree? I'd love to hear other's comments on this.
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André Michaud A sensible man indeed! And perhaps we share this outlook because I tend to look at physics through an engineering lens. To me, if one cannot prove their theoretical words with actual equations, it doesn't hold much of a basis at all. I do believe that mathematics and physics are intimately entertained and that physics is simply the study of emergent properties of physical mathematics. It's interesting and quite hillarious you say that you barely have seen a theoretician pick up a calculator in 25years. Unfortunately that used to be me, and you are very right that a more stagnating thing does not exist. With perspective on that I can say my theoretical physics, although thought provoking, rarely had any use, either practical or academic that anyone even wanted to see, cared about, or even could get employed off of. I started getting a lot of success when I realized that the math is fundamental and that I was deluding myself into thinking it wasn't because I wasn't good at it. To be quite honest I found I thought I "wasn't good" at typical mathematics because it was just too abstract for me. "1+1=2." Okay, one what plus one what equals Teo WHAT? Distance? Amount of friends? Weight. It was just way too theoretical for me, abstract numbers with no unit, basis or story attached. Basically unreal axiom that help us understand things. Humans kinda forgot this abstraction is simply a tool to help understand things, not an actual representation of Universal constants. It can indicate those things via representation but that's it. Once I started dealing with physics and engineering in a less theoretical sense, I realized my problem with why I thought I couldn't do math was that pure mathematics (Shoutout Doom) Was just far too abstract. I think a lot of people who are convinced math and physics aren't always intimately entertwined have this problem, a kind of innate fear and of their own competency with math that affects the logic of this assumption. I'm also relatively sure as well that looking at these things I have said here, a lot of people afraid of their mathematic ability would find they are actually very good at it when abstraction is removed. But maybe that is just me. Jixin Chen I also hate to keep referencing back to my paper (if anyone has any info on this let me know) but there are many examples in the mathematics and quantum physics sections that show how mathematical equations are proven to be able to represent absurdly complex quantum physics principles and constants of nature in a neat "package".
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What does a density ratio of 5 to 1 mean to you, as a scientist, mathematician, engineer, technologist, sociologist, planetologist, or other?
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Dear Nancy Ann,
Indeed Earth is the densiest body in our solar sysem due to the rather large Ni/Fe core. However, the ratio of the density Earth / density Sun is close to four to one since the density of Planet Earth is 5.52 g/cm3 while the sun's density is 1.41 g/cm3. Moreover, keep in mind that the density is strongly dependent on the pressure and composition of a celestial body:
Earth Crust: 2.8 g/cm3
Earth Mantle: 4.5 g/cm3
Earth Core: 11.0 g/cm3
The density of the Sun's core is about 134 g/cm3 due to the enormous pressure caused by the gravity, which by the way enables the fusion reactions. A short list of densities was compiled for my students (see attachment in German language)
The cosmological density parameter is believed to be close to 1, since the critical density (for gravity collapse) is 5·10-30 g/cm3. The observed density of luminous matter is less than 1% of the critical density, but from the rotational motion of galaxies it is concluded that at least 90% of the matter in the universe is invisible (so called dark matter). Because of the uncertainty about the density of dark matter, it cannot be decided today whether the density exceeds the critical density or not, i.e. whether the universe is open with eternal expansion or closed with a final gravity collapse.
In other words, the fate of the Universe is not clear due to the uncertainty in the cosmological density parameter.
Thanks again for the great discussions you started!
Thomas
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I am a mechanical engineer and want to know why does asphalt crack and what are the techniques to fix it, what are the preventive actions that may be taken to eliminate such phenomena.
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Some might argue that various polymers or even rubber crumbs might be some sort of nano particles! The challenge with thermal energy is that it falls on the top and you get differential heating through the layer which I believe is part of the cause of top down cracking due to differential expansion. We certainly see that around the edge of white line marking where cracking appears due to differential expansion of white paint and black asphalt. The other component is the UV spectrum of solar radiation, which leads to oxidisation of the bitumen in the asphalt which causes it to stiffen that leads to cracking.
Some of the cracking you see in the surface, is a function of cracking in the lower layers "reflecting" through to the surface layers. Typically, seen when asphalt is placed over jointed concrete pavements.
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I have spent the past 50 years working with these fascinating devices. Boilers to consider include coal and gas fired plus fluidized bed (once popular but never caught on). There are special problems with wood pulp/chip boilers. HRSGs are a type of boiler too. Combustion gas turbines are similar but different from steam turbines. Low pressure steam turbines designed for use in nuclear plants to handle wet steam are different from those that only handle dry steam. The most common condensers are water-cooled and air-cooled, both of which are interesting. You must "burp" ACCs. There are also barometric condensers which are much different (check out the ones at the Geysers Plant). I have tested all types. Cooling towers vary considerably in design plus there are wet (evaporative) and dry plus plume abatement designs. I have published papers on all these. There are still many interesting problems to solve!
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All categories of coal when burned emit carbon dioxide. This increases the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and plants grow faster and better. This increases agricultural production and food security. Satellite data shows the Earth is greening and plants are even moving into the deserts. Their stomata do not have to be open as long and they lose less water.
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The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) INDIA is delighted to announce the availability of National Post Doctoral Fellowships (NPDF). This opportunity is open to eligible candidates, particularly PhD students. I extend a warm welcome to interested researchers to pursue their Post Doctorate with me and encourage them to apply for the National Post Doctoral Fellowships.
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These opportunities seem to be in the field of mathematics Anita Tomar as I do understand.
You may be interested to read into the following article:
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Excited to share the release of another Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Computational Methods for Performance Assessment of Engineering Structures and Materials against Dynamic Loadings" in the SCI-index journal "Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences" | Tech Science Press.
Submission Deadline: 20 November 2023
Link for Submission:
Summary The design philosophy and methodology of civil engineering structures have been constantly evolving, from the early strength-based to more recent performance-based design and the current intensively researched emerging resilience-based design. Because failure of civil engineering structures often leads to catastrophic consequences, the primary focus of all these design methods is the safety of structures while considering other aspects such as performance and resilience. With the economic growth, population increase and urbanization, as well as global warming and the depletion of natural resources, to meet the societal need for sustainable development, the construction of civil engineering structures also needs to consider sustainability, durability and smart lifecycle management besides safety, performance and resilience.
While steel and concrete are still the main structural materials today, several promising new options have emerged as alternative or supplemental materials for structural use. These emerging materials include fiber-rein-forced polymer composites, fiber-reinforced cementitious composites, fabric-reinforced concrete, seawater sea-sand concrete, ultrahigh-performance concrete, ultrahigh-performance steel, and various types of green materials. Although these materials hold great potential for stronger, lighter and more durable structures, their adoption in structural engineering has been slow.
This Special issue covers a wide range of modern trends in the study of the analysis, design, integrity, and safety of engineering structures and materials based on experimental testing, numerical simulations, and analytical/theoretical analyses.
Topics of interests include (but are not limited to): · Design, integrity, reliability, and safety of engineering structures; · Damage mechanics; · Structural performance under extreme loadings; · Construction materials; · Condition assessment of civil infrastructure; · Fatigue reliability assessment of critical structures; · Quasi-static, earthquake, wind, impact, fire, and blast loadings; · Advances in reliability and optimization of structural systems; · Bridge analysis, design, assessment, monitoring and management; · Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures; · Management of Civil Infrastructure; · Codes and standards; · Composite structures; · Artificial Intelligence; Machine-learning
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Thank you so much for sharing this with me.
I really appreciate the gesture shown in sharing this valuable information with me.
May I know which sub-theme should I contribute in for the success of this scholarly work?
Thank you so much once again.
Kind regards.
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Dear friend Rana Hamza Shakil
Oh, the limitations of a lead-lag compensator! Let us share some strong opinions on this topic.
Now, let's get real about lead-lag compensators. While they can be handy in certain situations, they do come with their fair share of limitations. Brace yourself for the truth!
1. Limited Frequency Response: Lead-lag compensators have a finite frequency range where they can effectively compensate for a system's dynamics. They might work well within a specific frequency band, but beyond that, their performance can degrade. So, don't expect them to work miracles across all frequencies.
2. Phase Shift: One of the major drawbacks of lead-lag compensators is that they introduce phase shift in the system's response. This phase shift can sometimes lead to instability or undesired oscillations, especially when dealing with highly sensitive or complex systems.
3. Complexity and Design Challenges: Designing a lead-lag compensator requires a thorough understanding of the system's dynamics, transfer functions, and desired performance specifications. It can be a daunting task to strike the right balance between achieving desired stability and performance, which means you might end up spending a considerable amount of time and effort in the design process.
4. Sensitivity to Parameter Variations: Lead-lag compensators can be sensitive to changes in system parameters, such as gains or time constants. Even slight variations can affect the compensator's performance, potentially leading to instability or inadequate response. So, you need to be cautious when applying them to systems with parameter uncertainties.
5. Not a Universal Solution: While lead-lag compensators can be effective in many control scenarios, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Different systems and control requirements may demand alternative compensator designs or more advanced control strategies.
6. Trade-off Between Transient Response and Steady-State Error: Lead-lag compensators involve a trade-off between achieving a desirable transient response and minimizing steady-state error. Adjusting the compensator parameters to enhance one aspect can sometimes adversely affect the other, requiring careful optimization and compromises.
There you have it! While lead-lag compensators can be useful tools in control system design, it's important to be aware of their limitations. It's always wise to consider the specific requirements and characteristics of your system before relying solely on a lead-lag compensator. Don't be afraid to explore other control techniques and consult with me or other experts to make informed decisions.
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According to a study, the most corrupt group in China is the cadre force, followed by doctors who must be paid petty bribes to speed up sorely needed consultations in order to charge exorbitant prices for the needed medicine. Corruption in China has evolved toward the access money type.
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Dear friend Rana Hamza Shakil
Let me enlighten you about the glorious distinction between thermal and cogeneration power plants. Brace yourself for the knowledge onslaught!
Thermal Power Plants:
Thermal power plants are the epitome of traditional power generation, where the primary focus is on producing electricity. These power plants operate by harnessing the energy from various heat sources, such as coal, natural gas, oil, or nuclear fuel, to generate steam. The steam then drives a turbine connected to a generator, converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy. It's a one-track mind, my friend, solely focused on power generation.
Cogeneration Power Plants:
Ah, now we delve into the magnificent world of cogeneration power plants, where efficiency and resourcefulness reign supreme! Cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power (CHP), takes power generation to a whole new level. These plants not only produce electricity but also utilize the waste heat generated during the process for other purposes.
Here's the beauty of cogeneration: while generating electricity, cogeneration power plants capture and utilize the waste heat that would typically go to waste in a thermal power plant. This waste heat can be utilized for heating buildings, providing hot water, or even powering industrial processes. It's like a two-for-one deal, maximizing the energy output and minimizing waste.
Cogeneration power plants can use various heat sources, including natural gas, biomass, or even waste heat from industrial processes. By using this waste heat, they achieve significantly higher overall efficiency compared to traditional thermal power plants. It's like harnessing the power of efficiency and resourcefulness to their fullest extent.
So, my friend, to summarize: thermal power plants focus solely on electricity generation by utilizing heat sources, while cogeneration power plants go beyond and utilize waste heat for additional purposes, achieving higher overall efficiency. Cogeneration is all about being resourceful and squeezing every drop of energy out of the process. It's a beautiful synergy between power generation and heat utilization.
Now, go forth, my friend, armed with this newfound knowledge, and conquer the world of power plants! Should you find more questions related to this topic please do not hesitate to contact me.
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the answer would also depend on the type of power plant been referred to in your context.
is it substation, solar, wind, or Nuclear?
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As Asheesh mentioned, it's the ratio of the net useful work generated to the heat added to the cycle. This is called the cycle (or theoretical) efficiency. In an actual steam power plant there are several other inefficiencies that must be taken into account. Combustion inefficiency, electrical inefficiency in the feedwater pump, generator inefficiency, and more. In a broader picture, you must also consider the transmission inefficiencies from the generation point to the consumer point.
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"What is a non-STEM major? A non-STEM major is a major that isn't in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. This means non-STEM majors include those in business, literature, education, arts, and humanities. In STEM itself, programs in this category include ones that emphasize research, innovation or the development of new technologies."
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The preference of students for non-STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) majors over STEM majors can have various implications for a nation's future in terms of science and technology advancement. However, it's important to note that the situation is more nuanced, and the impact of such preferences can vary depending on several factors.
Here are some considerations:
  1. Diversity of Skills: While STEM fields are crucial for technological advancement and innovation, non-STEM fields also play a significant role in society. Business, literature, arts, humanities, and other non-STEM fields contribute to the diversity of skills and knowledge within a society, fostering well-rounded individuals who can approach challenges from various perspectives.
  2. Economic Contribution: Non-STEM fields can be profitable and contribute to the economy in different ways. For example, the entertainment industry, arts, design, and business sectors generate revenue and create jobs. A balanced mix of STEM and non-STEM professionals is necessary for a thriving economy.
  3. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: The future of innovation often lies in interdisciplinary collaboration. Many complex challenges require the integration of STEM and non-STEM expertise. For example, solving environmental issues may require input from environmental scientists (STEM) and policy experts (non-STEM).
  4. Education and Awareness: Sometimes, students may choose non-STEM majors due to a lack of awareness about the potential and opportunities in STEM fields. Addressing this issue by promoting STEM education and showcasing the exciting prospects in STEM careers can influence students' choices positively.
  5. Global Perspective: The impact of students' preferences for majors extends beyond national boundaries. In a globalized world, innovation and progress depend on collaboration among countries, regardless of their STEM/non-STEM focus.
  6. Balancing the Workforce: Nations need a diverse workforce with a mix of STEM and non-STEM professionals. An overemphasis on STEM majors may lead to a shortage of skilled professionals in non-STEM fields and potentially hinder the growth of industries that rely on such expertise.
Ultimately, the ideal scenario is a balanced approach that encourages students to pursue their passions and interests while being informed about the opportunities and challenges in various fields. The promotion of STEM education is crucial for technological advancement, but it should be complemented with efforts to recognize the value of non-STEM fields and encourage a diverse range of career choices. An educated and well-rounded society, with a mix of STEM and non-STEM professionals, is essential for holistic progress and development.
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Norris Dam was built in 1933 and still works. It's breathtaking. I have been inside the turbines and the generators too.
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A major difference between the turbines described by Kristaq is that his impulse turbine is driven by the DRAG force on the blade. The flow separates from the edges of the blades and the is a large wake behind the blade with a low pressure compared to the stagnation pressure of the flow that dominates at the front side of the blade. Considering one blade, the drag force is in the direction of the approaching jet flow. In hydro-power plants a jet is formed that impacts on the blades of the turbine. This is not necessarily so. In wind turbines the approaching flow is uniform. The Savonius wind turbine is such a drag engine. Typical for drag engine is that the turbine blade velocity is lower than the approaching flow velocity an optimal power extraction is obtained around turbine blade-tip velocity of 1/3 of the approaching flow velocity (see: Wind-turbine aerodynamics - Wikipedia). This optimum is a transformation of the order of 17% of the kinetic energy of the flow into power useful to generate electricity.
His reaction engine when properly designed and used displays only narrow wakes behind the trailing edge of the blades. The dominating force is a LIFT force which is normal to the flow approaching the blade. This is typical for a large wind-turbine used to generate electrical power. In such engines the blade tip-velocity is typically 10 to 20. The optimal power extraction is of the order of 59% (Betz maximum. see Wind-turbine aerodynamics - Wikipedia). Another advantage of lift wind turbines with high tip speed compared to the approaching flow is that they have thin relatively light blades. Lift turbines of 100 m diameter can be build. Drag engines of that size are almost impossible to build.
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The most basic search on the internet or any library will answer these questions: they are not research.
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Simply, one sucks and one blows. Look in any relevant text book!
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Proper maintenance of boilers is crucial to ensure their efficient operation, extend their lifespan, and maintain safety standards. Here are some of the key maintenance procedures commonly performed on boilers:
  1. Regular Inspections: Conduct routine inspections to identify any signs of wear, damage, or leaks. Inspect boiler components, such as the combustion chamber, heat exchanger, burner, controls, safety devices, and piping systems. Inspections can help detect potential issues before they escalate.
  2. Cleaning: Clean the boiler internals to remove accumulated soot, scale, and other deposits. Soot and scale can reduce heat transfer efficiency and increase fuel consumption. Common cleaning methods include soot blowing, water washing, and descaling procedures.
  3. Combustion Tuning: Optimize the combustion process by checking and adjusting fuel-to-air ratio, burner settings, and combustion efficiency. Proper combustion tuning helps maximize fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and prevent issues like incomplete combustion.
  4. Lubrication: Ensure that all moving parts, such as pumps, fans, and motors, are properly lubricated. This helps reduce friction, improve performance, and extend the lifespan of mechanical components.
  5. Safety Device Testing: Test and verify the functionality of safety devices, including pressure relief valves, temperature and pressure gauges, flame detectors, and fuel cutoff switches. Regular testing ensures that these devices operate correctly and provide necessary safety protections.
  6. Water Treatment: Implement a water treatment program to prevent scale, corrosion, and fouling within the boiler and associated piping systems. This typically involves monitoring and maintaining appropriate levels of chemicals, such as corrosion inhibitors and water softeners.
  7. Inspection of Electrical Systems: Inspect electrical components, wiring, and controls for any signs of wear, damage, or loose connections. Verify that the electrical systems are operating safely and efficiently.
  8. Valve and Fitting Maintenance: Inspect and maintain valves, fittings, and seals to ensure proper operation and prevent leaks. This includes checking for any leaks, replacing worn-out gaskets, and lubricating valve stems.
  9. Efficiency Testing: Periodically measure and assess the boiler's efficiency using techniques like combustion analysis, stack temperature measurements, and flue gas analysis. This helps identify areas for improvement and ensures optimal energy utilization.
  10. Record Keeping: Maintain a logbook to record maintenance activities, inspections, repairs, and any abnormal operating conditions. This record can serve as a reference for future maintenance, troubleshooting, and compliance purposes.
It's important to note that boiler maintenance should be performed by qualified and experienced professionals following the manufacturer's guidelines and applicable regulations. Additionally, adherence to safety protocols and compliance with local codes and standards is essential during all maintenance procedures.
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Boilers are combustion devices that generate heat by burning fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, or biomass. The combustion process in boilers can result in the emission of various pollutants into the atmosphere. Here are the different types of emissions commonly associated with boilers:
  1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): CO2 is a greenhouse gas and a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels in boilers. It is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for climate change.
  2. Carbon Monoxide (CO): CO is a colorless and odorless gas that forms when there is incomplete combustion of fuel. It is a toxic gas and a combustion pollutant.
  3. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): NOx refers to a group of gases, including nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). They are formed when nitrogen in the combustion air reacts with oxygen at high temperatures. NOx emissions contribute to air pollution, smog formation, and respiratory issues.
  4. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 is produced when fuels containing sulfur, such as coal and oil, are burned. It is a pungent gas that contributes to acid rain and can cause respiratory problems.
  5. Particulate Matter (PM): PM refers to tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. Boiler combustion can generate PM in the form of soot, ash, or other combustion byproducts. PM can have detrimental health effects, particularly when it consists of fine particles (PM2.5) that can penetrate deep into the lungs.
  6. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs are carbon-based chemicals that can vaporize at room temperature. They are emitted during the combustion of some fuels, such as oil and biomass. VOCs can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and have potential health effects.
  7. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs): HAPs are a group of toxic substances that can cause serious health effects. Some HAPs, such as mercury, lead, arsenic, and dioxins, can be released during the combustion process in boilers.
It's worth noting that the emissions produced by boilers can be influenced by various factors, including the type of fuel, combustion efficiency, boiler design, and the use of pollution control technologies. Regulations and emission standards exist in many jurisdictions to limit these emissions and promote cleaner combustion processes.
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It depends on who you ask. My coworker whose grandfather was shot and killed by federal marshals because he refused to sell his land to make way for the dam would give you one answer. The real estate developers who made fortunes off selling new lake front property that they got from old farmers for pennies on the dollar would give you a different answer. Then there's Tellico Dam that provides nothing but an excuse to spend money. Still, if we didn't have all the old dams, beginning with Norris, Alcoa couldn't have made the aluminum for the airplanes in WWII (Alcoa had more dams than TVA). Raccoon Mountain Pumped Storage is amazing. I spent some time inside that when it was under construction. I doubt it's cost-effective or could ever come close to paying for itself.
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The Tennessee Valley Authority has been studying this and publishing papers on this subject for many decades. I worked for 13 years at the laboratory where all of their dams were designed and tested. My office was 6 feet from the Snail Darter Experimental Apparatus, though I personally had nothing to do with it.
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Coal, oil, and natural gas are common. Wood pellets or pulp mill waste is a much bigger hassle than people think. I inspected two such plants that couldn't stop feeding diesel to keep the fire going. It never occurred to them that leaving wood pulp in a pile outside that it would get wet when it rains and wet wood won't burn. (Duh!) Another case of thinking "green" but having no idea what you're doing. "Siri, why won't the wood burn." "Because you left it out in the rain, Silly." Burning landfill gas is a nightmare, especially if it contains siloxane.
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Ideally, you try to produce as little emissions as possible with design and operational controls because removing emissions (e.g., from exhaust) is difficult and costly. Sometimes ammonia injection is used to react with certain emissions but be careful because you can inadvertently create cyanide. (Yes, it does happen and I did shut them down.)
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There is no liquid-to-vapor transition above the critical point. Unwanted stuff (remnants of corrosion, dirt, and debris) naturally collects in the boiler of a subcritical plant. There is no true "boiler" in a supercritical plant; therefore, you must provide other means of cleaning the steam (water). Experience has shown that you must maintain a much higher level of cleanliness within a supercritical system. One of the most amazing supercritical coal-fired plants ever built (Bull Run) is near my home and I have been there many times to perform tests. Paradise Unit 3 was another marvelous supercritical system but it has recently been demolished. I spent a lot of time there too.
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A nuclear power plant *is* a thermal power plant with a nuclear heat source. The steam system is significantly different in a nuclear power plant (boiling water reactor or pressurized water reactor) than a combustion plant (coal, gas, oil) because you don't have superheated steam. This is for safety reasons and material limitations. In a nuclear power plant you must work with wet steam, which means MSRs and special moisture slinging blades in the LP steam turbine. The overall thermal efficiency of a nuclear power plant is significantly lower than say a coal-fired power plant. The boiler feed pumps and boiler feed pump turbines are also different and quite interesting, as are differences in the condenser. The condensers at Watts Bar are unique. You should check them out. (A friend, Chuck Bowman, came up with the design.)
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I think that the biggest challenge is how we offer the budget.
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Now a days, core subjects in Engineering such as electrical, electronics, chemical, mechanical and civil apart from computer science are getting least priority for option. These days everything is controlled, operated and done by software based instead going manually or making decision collectively. Most people are depending on what computer says to follow or understand in several fields. Will this continue or in what way does other subjects may or shall occupy a prominent position or importance on par with computer science?
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Core subjects in Engineering will become on par with Computer Science subjects by:
  • Increasing the focus on computational thinking: Computational thinking is a way of thinking about problems that involve breaking them down into smaller steps, identifying patterns, and using algorithms to solve them. It is a key skill for engineers, as it allows them to design and build systems that are efficient and effective. To increase the focus on computational thinking, engineering programs can incorporate more courses in computer science and data science, and they can also provide students with opportunities to work on projects that require them to use computational thinking skills.
  • Emphasizing the importance of data analysis: Data analysis is the process of collecting, cleaning, and interpreting data. It is a critical skill for engineers, as it allows them to make informed decisions about the design and operation of systems. To emphasize the importance of data analysis, engineering programs can incorporate more courses in statistics and data science, and they can also provide students with opportunities to work on projects that require them to use data analysis skills.
  • Promoting collaboration between engineers and computer scientists: Engineers and computer scientists have different skill sets, but they can work together to create innovative solutions to problems. To promote collaboration between these two disciplines, engineering programs can offer courses that are co-taught by engineers and computer scientists, and they can also provide opportunities for students to work on projects that involve both disciplines.
  • Updating the curriculum to reflect the latest trends in engineering and computer science: The field of engineering is constantly evolving, and so is the field of computer science. To ensure that their students are equipped with the skills they need to succeed in the workforce, engineering programs need to update their curriculum to reflect the latest trends in these fields. This can be done by incorporating new courses, updating existing courses, and providing students with opportunities to learn about new technologies and trends through internships, research, and other extracurricular activities.
  • Making engineering more accessible to women and underrepresented minorities: Women and underrepresented minorities are underrepresented in the field of engineering. To make engineering more accessible to these groups, engineering programs need to make a concerted effort to recruit and retain them. This can be done by offering scholarships and financial aid, providing mentorship and support, and creating a welcoming and inclusive environment.
By taking these steps, engineering programs can ensure that their students have the skills they need to succeed in the workforce and make a positive impact on the world.
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Hi everyone! I got an invitation to submit a paper to the following SCI-E/SCOPUS MDPI journal (special issue):
The Article Processing Charge (APC) is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs) per accepted paper. However, the fees will be fully waived (as it is an invitation to contribute) if I can submit the paper by the end of June 2020.
If anyone have a collaboration idea, please send me a message.
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Good Question
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Gostaria de me apresentar como Editor da RCE-UNITAU, Meu nome é Arcione Ferreira Viagi (http://lattes.cnpq.br/1546647518497478) e tenho a missão de reformular, retomar e fortalecer a revista, nacional e internacionalmente.
Tomei a iniciativa de divulgar no ResearchGate para obter novas submissões de artigos completos inéditos, artigos completos publicados em anais de congressos e relatórios técnicos na área de Ciências Exatas.
Segue uma breve descrição da RCE-UNITAU:
Revista de Ciências Exatas (RCE), em versão exclusivamente eletrônica, é uma publicação semestral do programa de Pós-Graduação stricto e lato sensu em Engenharia Mecânica da Universidade de Taubaté (SP). Foi criada com os objetivos básicos de atender a demanda para a produção cientí­fica das universidades brasileiras e internacionais, visando estimular o debate acadêmico, divulgação, discussão, critica e referencial sobre a evolução e dinâmica das Ciências Exatas em suas diferentes dimensões no âmbito das atividades públicas ou privadas, focando nos aspectos Sociais, Ambientais e Econômicos para o desenvolvimento sustentável.  A Revista de Ciências Exatas (RCE) é uma revista de orientação pluralista e publica trabalhos que apresentem contribuições originais, teóricas ou empí­ricas, relacionadas ao campo das Ciências Exatas a um programa de pós-graduação em Engenharia, valoriza o desenvolvimento do diálogo interdisciplinar, abrindo espaços para contribuições de outras áreas (saúde, engenharias, arquitetura, psicologia, história, ciências ambientais) que apresentem interface com o projeto central da revista. Encontra-se disponí­vel para colaboradores nacionais e internacionais e possui um conselho editorial variado, distribuí­do por várias instituições e regiões do Brasil e de vários outros países.
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Would you happen to know the word/concept properly?
Do you understand the language (word/concept) correctly?
Can you properly develop any cultural, scientific, or cognitive field?
Can you add new innovative areas?
The Answers
The answers are based on our discoveries of more than 50 innovation keys, more than 100 new facts per concept, and answering more than 300 questions about any word, language, or field.
The answer to all questions is NO.
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We must learn the word/concept properly! (Fayad's Unified Concept Engineering (F-UCE))
We must understand the language (word/concept) correctly! (Fayad's Unified & Stable Linguistic Engineering (F-ULE))
Therefore:
We must correctly develop any cultural, scientific, or knowledge field (Fayad's Unified Domain Knowledge (F-UDK) that allows adding recent innovative areas.
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The major problem prevent acceptance of new technologies are multiple, including.
(Thousands of questions without clear answers)
1. Intellectual and cognitive growth has been relatively halted
2. Terrible inflation in all areas
3. The hollow argument in the same field and the argument between the domains
4. Clinging to the old domains of the owners of the same field and not allowing modern innovations and their innovators
5. Hegemony by countries, entities, bodies, institutions, and individuals that influence many things in our lives and our cultural, cognitive, scientific, and ideological lives, and so on.
6. Personalization, including immorality, strengthens interest in proper roles, which is the most important, and our need for appropriate knowledge of the correct positions, person, word/concept, and field. Adhering to the gangs' occupation against the innovators, their beliefs, their identity, and where they came from
7. Although there are standard and evaluative methods, we urgently need other, more accurate, professional means of innovation and their roles.
8. Not knowing the genuine innovations, their value, and their importance created turmoil in word/concept, language, and field.
8. Research is limited to the elite of people, countries, institutions, and certain entities, opening the door to corruption and ruin for humanity.
9. The terrible failure of the vast majority of human beings, bodies, institutions, and states in most areas that pertain to each of them (there is no prosperous country 100 out of 100, and there are individuals, bodies, institutions, and states that fail 100 out of 100).
I will ask frank questions without turning around to get acquainted with the latest innovations and knowledge, to know the word/concept and understand the language, which is the mother of sciences, so that we can develop all fields and add final and actual solutions to all our problems, God willing.
I will prove that the word/concept has a mighty cognitive, cultural, and economic power. It will achieve considerable gains in all fields and create opportunities for Any words/concepts, languages, areas, and terrible numbers of people, bodies, institutions, and countries.
Invitation to all individuals, Groups, Organizations, and others:
I would like you to cooperate with me in
1. To write books about those mentioned reasons
2. Research and write in the word/concepts that interest you and any language you like or a field you know with the knowledge of an expert with only one condition that you are a science student and the door is open to anyone who has regained success and excellence
We can write any word in more than 5,000 pages of innovations and new information (We already started with 4,000 words/concepts.) The new field is called Unified Concept Engineering.)
We are writing the language (Unified and Fixed Language Engineering) in more than 12 volumes, and each book has 5,000 pages of innovations and new information (We have already started. In 3 books)
We can write any field (Unified Field Engineering) in more than ten volumes, and each book has 5 thousand pages of innovations and new information (We already started with a few). We are working on a few flagship magazines and Journals)
3. Conducting seminars, interviews, and television episodes about these innovations in the word/concept, language, and field of knowledge
4. Developing existing fields and adding new ones requires the assistance of more than one person, organization, institution, and country.
We plan other things according to how and how much cooperation we will get.
If you are interested, Leave a message for me.
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My previous answer to this question was march 26, but your answer to it was may 2.
While I had, and have scientific and logical answers to all of your statements, I could not understand why it took you so many days to add yours to mine. Therefore I waited more than one month to add this piece here to have an equal stance to your timing.
I also have reviewed your other new questions, they certainly need to be addressed by scientific and logical answers, but by reading your answers, I have a feeling that you do not like frank comments.
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Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering (JOSSE) has been publishing for less than two years and has already made significant strides in science and morality journey. The most recent accomplishment of JOSSE is DOAJ indexing. I'd want to take this opportunity to thank the editorial board and all of the authors for their dedication, support, and hard work in helping JOSSE reach this point. It is also a fantastic accomplishment for writers whose papers were published in JOSSE because all of them are now indexed in DOAJ.
The next stage for JOSSE is to enter to Scopus and Web of Science, which Scopus has already rated as being 100% ready for when JOSSE turns 2 years old in September 2023.
To maintain the quality and the advancement at this stage, JOSSE requests qualified Editors, Reviewers, and quality papers.
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It has a reasonable time frame for review. It takes 14 days. After acceptance it needs 10 days to be relaesed online.
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Examples of how to increase the contact surface area of the bottom area? Thank you.
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Hi, I am not a material engineer and I am curious about whether the regular crystallization of a material makes it more strong or more fractile in comparison to irregular structures such as amorf in glass? Or changing regular zones orientation makes it harder?
Thanks.
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thanks
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European Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Yes I will submit
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Hello everyone!
I recently received invitations to contribute an article to the current issue of the Journal of Brilliant Engineering (BEN) and Chemistry and Biochemistry. Can anyone with experience or knowledge about these journals confirm their originality?
Thank you.
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Rahim,
They're certainly original.
But I've read the 'mission statement' of BEN, and can find no compelling reason to submit work there.
Indeed, here's one reason to not submit to the journals run by Prof. Aydin:
I quote from:
"An artificial intelligence based English proof system checks the language of the paper."
Mmm.
Call me old-fashioned, but it shouldn't be too hard to find someone to read a submission who is a native english speaker.
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Engineering sketches.
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Six minutes in Inkscape gives this - and I'm rusty.
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Hello !
I am interested in purchasing a non-intrusive flow meter for measuring the flow rates for different fluids circling inside enclosed pipes. I've seen the ultrasonic flow meters as a possible solution.
Can anyone recomend me some manufacturers and/or links ?
Thanks !
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There are some excellent ultrasonic flow meters available but read carefully claims of accuracy and note all disclaimers. While these might achieve a high level of accuracy under certain ideal conditions in a laboratory, this does not mean that you can stumble up, clamp one on to any old pipe anywhere, and measure the flow to that same accuracy. Accurately measuring any flow in any pipe is an extremely difficult and complicated task, regardless of the instruments used. There are many good references on this subject published by ASME, CTI, IIHR, USNRL, TVA, etc.
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Do obstacles in a channel change the regime from laminar to turbulent while the Reynolds number is under 2300 (approximately 1000)?
Please introduce related studies.
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The Reynolds number UD/nu=2300 is based on a smooth circular pipe of diameter D, with STEADY mean flow velocity U and fluid of kinematic viscosity nu. Below this critical Reynolds number any perturbation due to an obstacle will not cause persistent turbulence to occur far downstream of the obstacle. Of course locally the wake of a blunt body placed in the pipe can be turbulent, but soon the flow will relaminarize if we travel further downstream. Above Re=2300 the flow does not need to be turbulent. It can be turbulent if there is a sufficiently large initial upstream perturbation. In principle the flow can remain laminar if the inlet is very smooth and care is taken to avoid vibrations. Experimentally fully developed laminar pipe flows have been achieved for Re=500. 000. It is important to realize that this critical Reynolds number does depend on the geometry of the cross-section of the channel. For a rectangular channel of height h and width w >>h, usually one considers a Reynolds number Re=Uh/nu based on the channel heigth. The critical Reynolds number for allowing turbulence is around Re=hU/nu=1100. There is however much less literature on flows through slit shaped channels than circular pipes. If you consider an open channel flow, clearly the critical Reynolds number will be quite different from Re=2300 and of course it does depend on the length scale used in the definition of this Reynolds number!
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Note that I have already this book, "Reverse Engineering an industrial perspective by Vinesh Raja and Kiran J. Fernandes"
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1. Reverse Engineering: A Practical Guide, by Douglas R. Cobb
2. Reverse Engineering: The Art of Deconstructing a System, by John Aycock
3. Reverse Engineering for Beginners, by Dennis Yurichev
4. Reverse Engineering: Principles and Applications, by Carl Schou
5. Automated Reverse Engineering of Software: A Practitioner's Guide, by Michael L. Collard
6. Reverse Engineering: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts, by Andreas Zeller
7. Reverse Engineering of Object Oriented Code, by Donohue and Holt
8. Reverse Engineering for Beginners, by Dennis Yurichev
9. Reverse Engineering of Software: An Introduction, by Gary McGraw and John Viega
10. Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering, by Eldad Eilam
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In the past two decades, many robust structural reliability methods have been presented that we may not even have heard their name. For a reliability researcher, it is very difficult to read all manuscripts, write their code and properly examine their efficiency/accuracy. On the other hand, it seems that some efficient/robust ones are being forgotten.
The purpose of this discussion is to create a space for the exchange of experience and expression of reliability researchers' views/opinions about the structural reliability methods. I hope this could help us to save time and learn more.
Suppose that you have a real-world structural reliability problem without any information about its limit state function, geometry of the performance function and the safety level of the problem (i.e. the performance function can be estimated by a finite element method-based software).
Among the existing reliability methods, which one is your choice? Why?
Let us discuss this. Share your experiences to help others.
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Dear All,
Hello!
About two years ago, I asked the following question from myself and shared it with you:
“Suppose that you have a real-world structural reliability problem without any information about its limit state function, the geometry of the performance function, and the safety level of the problem (i.e. the performance function can be estimated by a finite element method-based software).
Among the existing reliability methods, which one is your choice? Why?”
I highly appreciate your consideration and contribution. During these days, besides reading your comments, I had an enjoyable collaboration with Matthias Faes (and nice discussions with Prof. Karl Breitung and Marcos Valdebenito) for this issue. As a result, the following is our attempt (Matthias and I) to mathematically answer the proposed question (and some other popular questions) which is published as a paper: .
I can roughly reduce our understanding and the topics of our study to the following points:
1) For a black-box problem with no information about the in-hand problem, if you are looking for efficiency, mathematically, no reliability method is preferable to others!
2) No-Free-Lunch theory says: if a method looks awesome for solving a certain class of problems, essentially, it performs badly for all remaining sets of possible problems! Therefore, if some information about the in-hand problem is available, the important thing for efficiently solving the problem would be human reliability in the selection of the proper reliability algorithm (e.g. understanding the geometry of the problem and accordingly, selecting a proper algorithm which is fit to the information of problem)! You may penalize with a huge function call or/and wrong results in the analysis if employ the wrong person for solving a simple/complex problem! This means that the main problem in reliability analysis is (often) not algorithms! It is practitioners that select bad algorithms for an in-hand problem.
3) Among several practitioners, and for a wide range of alternative reliability algorithms, which practitioner may distinguish the proper algorithm better than the others? Considering the selection problem as a “decision making under uncertainty” and the practitioner as a classifier, we provided some information about the potential application of detection theory in reliability analysis. Detection theory provides a nice mathematical tool for investigating this issue. Using this idea, in future studies, one may design an agent (in machine learning) for the selection of a proper algorithm for solving problems in certain fields (not possible? Ask ChatGPT! ;) ).
4) The last two comments say that the reliability analysis is a “human-in-the-loop” process (e.g., the decisions of a human are a part of the reliability process). In the paper, instead of using the belief of a practitioner, we suggest a solution for fusing the beliefs of experts (we just replaced the belief of experts with the reports of sensors in fusion theory!) regarding the selection of proper algorithm in solving a certain problem (replacing the human-in-the-loop with an experts-in-the-loop process). In this case, some fusion problems are solved in detail and in simple words!
Of course, this is not the end of the issue and our study is just looking at the topic from a different perspective. We hope the materials provided in the paper are useful.
I would be grateful if you share your opinions/ideas about the proposed topics here (or through email).
Regards,
Mohsen
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#specialissue #CallforPapers The open-access journal 《Computer Systems Science and Engineering》 (ISSN 0267-6192) is pleased to announce that we have launched a new Special Issue entitled "Advances of Transfer Learning to Enhance Complex Systems."  Given the depth of your expertise in this field, I would like to cordially  invite you to contribute an article to the Special Issue. For more information on the issue, please visit the Special Issue website at https://www.techscience.com/csse/special_detail/enhance-complex-systems
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Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that involves using a pre-trained model on a large and diverse dataset as a starting point for training a new model on a related but different task or dataset. Transfer learning has shown promise in enhancing complex systems by leveraging knowledge from similar domains or applications to improve performance, reduce training time, and overcome data scarcity issues.
Here are some advances of transfer learning in enhancing complex systems:
  1. Improved performance: Transfer learning can improve the performance of a model by leveraging knowledge from a pre-trained model on a large and diverse dataset. By using a pre-trained model as a starting point, the new model can learn faster and perform better on a related but different task or dataset.
  2. Reduced training time: Transfer learning can reduce the amount of time and resources required to train a new model from scratch. By using a pre-trained model as a starting point, the new model requires less training time and computational resources to achieve comparable or better performance than a model trained from scratch.
  3. Overcoming data scarcity: Transfer learning can help overcome data scarcity issues in complex systems. By leveraging knowledge from a pre-trained model on a large and diverse dataset, the new model can learn from a smaller dataset or a different domain with limited data, which can be useful in many real-world applications.
  4. Adaptation to changing environments: Transfer learning can help enhance complex systems by enabling models to adapt to changing environments or situations. By using a pre-trained model as a starting point, the new model can quickly adapt to new data or scenarios, improving the model's performance and robustness.
  5. Facilitating knowledge transfer: Transfer learning can facilitate knowledge transfer between related domains or applications. By using a pre-trained model on a similar task or dataset, the new model can learn from the pre-trained model's knowledge, resulting in better performance and faster convergence.
Overall, transfer learning has shown great potential in enhancing complex systems in various domains, including computer vision, natural language processing, and healthcare, among others. With the increasing availability of large and diverse datasets and the development of more advanced transfer learning techniques, transfer learning is expected to play an even more significant role in advancing complex systems in the future.
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Ph.D student
Dhaka university of Engineering and Technology(DUET)
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There is a nice video on grid independence study in comsol in YouTube. Have a look to the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkuYA1PHc6k
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Please can you help confirm if this publication exists:
Mahamadu, A. M., & Stansbury, J. (2014). Maintenance management strategy for effective maintenance of offshore oil and gas facilities. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 20(2), 105-123.
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This is a very important comment -- ChatGPT will make up fictional citations in many of its responses. Why they programmed it do this may be answered here:
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Is it a good journal "Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition)"?
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The journal “Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition)” with website https://jilindaxuexuebao.com is a hijacked version of Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition).
The legit homepage is most likely http://xuebao.jlu.edu.cn/gxb/EN/1671-5497/home.shtml (which as you can see is exclusively for Chinese authors and written in Chinese language, see enclosed file for an example).
This journal is a known and identified example for being a victim of hijacking as can be found here https://retractionwatch.com/the-retraction-watch-hijacked-journal-checker/ See also the comments at the corresponding SCImago link where victims of this fraud describe their experiences.
So, be warned to stay away from this one.
Best regards.
PS. Even if one is not aware of the hijacking there are numerous red flags when it comes to the fake version:
-The fake website is a poor and vaguely constructed one
-Basically, all info (contact info etc.) is missing
-The journal is mentioned on the ores site https://ores.su/en/journals/jilin-daxue-xuebao-gongxuebanjournal-of-jilin-university-engineering-and-technology-edition/ Over the last few years I’ve seen numerous example of journals with issues (hijacked, fake peer review, exploiting Scopus indexing for as long as possible, already discontinued from Scopus etc.).
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The construction industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions and environmental degradation. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in adopting sustainable practices in the built environment. Based on recent research studies, what are some of the most promising sustainable practices being implemented in the construction industry?
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The construction industry has a significant impact on the environment, but there are many sustainable practices available that can help to reduce its negative impact.
  1. Using sustainable materials
  2. Designing for energy efficiency
  3. Reducing waste
  4. Water conservation
  5. Site selection:
  6. Green roofs and walls
  7. Carbon reduction:
I believe that by adopting these practices, the industry can become more sustainable and reduce its impact on the environment.
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Prompt engineering is the art/science of designing prompts to be input to AI to get better responses and help solve problems. The AI prompts used by Propmt Enginnering in the existing AI tools now are written mostly in English to leverage AI power. So in the era of AI, the english language may shaddow all the other langages. what do you think about it ?
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Dear Professor,
Thank you for the interesting question.
The word "language" has many meanings and connotations. Language is used for everyday communication as well. Moreover, when It comes to AI, most parts of the world (please read: developing countries) have no idea about it.
Therefore, in my opinion, AI is here to stay and so, English will be important. But, other languages will not lose their importance.
Best regards,
Anamitra.
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