Energy Systems - Science topic

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Greetings

Hey there Nowsheen Khan!

Implementing a wind energy system in your hardware prototype sounds like an exciting project! To get started, you'll want to consider a few key factors.

Firstly, determining the scale of your wind energy system will help guide your design choices. Are you Nowsheen Khan aiming for a small-scale demonstration or something larger? This will impact the components you'll need and the complexity of your setup.

Next, consider the location and environmental conditions where your prototype will be tested. Understanding the average wind speeds and patterns will help optimize the efficiency of your system.

Regarding the use of a wind emulator, it depends on your specific requirements. While emulators can be useful for testing and validation, they may not always be necessary, especially if you Nowsheen Khan have access to real-world wind conditions for testing.

If you Nowsheen Khan do decide to use a wind emulator, ensure it accurately replicates the conditions your system will encounter. This will help validate your prototype's performance under various scenarios.

Remember, thorough planning and testing will be key to the success of your wind energy system implementation. Feel free to ask if you Nowsheen Khan need further guidance along the way!

Your research on the simulation and analysis of cyber attacks on Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) is an important and challenging endeavor. Indeed, combining multiple simulation and emulation tools is often necessary to model the complex interplay between cyber and physical components. Here are some insights and suggestions for your research:

Your research can contribute significantly to enhancing the security and resilience of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems, which are critical infrastructure components. Collaboration and knowledge sharing within the research community will be invaluable as you work to address the challenges in this field.

In a wave energy generation system that uses a cylinder to capture the movement of waves, the amount of air whose pressure is contained can be calculated using principles of fluid mechanics. The key factors to consider in this calculation include the dimensions of the cylinder and the characteristics of the waves. Here's a general approach to calculate the amount of air pressure contained:

It's important to note that the calculation can be quite complex and may require a detailed understanding of the specific wave energy system, the dynamics of the waves in the location of interest, and the mechanical aspects of the air compression system within the cylinder. Real-world wave energy systems often involve additional complexities, such as control systems and varying sea conditions.

To perform a precise calculation for a specific wave energy system, it's advisable to consult with experts in the field who have experience with the system's design and operation. They can provide detailed insights and may have access to simulation tools or models that can assist in making accurate predictions.

I agree wholeheartedly that hybrid systems always provide opportunities to enhance efficiency and enable economy of scale. Our research at NASA, MITRE, Gibbs & Hill, DoD, and the private sector at Boeing proved that time and again for decades.

Hi Viktor, will share it with my collogues

You can hav a look at this article for your interest

Sara Ragab M. Farghaly Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can help an electrical engineer in a variety of ways. As an example:

1. Spatial analysis: Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to evaluate the spatial spread of renewable energy resources such as solar radiation and wind speed, which can aid in the selection of sites for renewable energy projects.

2. GIS can be used to maximize the layout of renewable energy systems, which can increase energy output effectiveness.

3. GIS can be used to incorporate renewable energy systems into current electrical networks, which can aid in balancing energy supply and demand.

4. Data management: Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to handle big databases related to green energy systems, which can aid in tracking and evaluating the performance of these systems.

Working on GIS for renewable energy systems will allow you to investigate these and other possible benefits, as well as create new methodologies and tools to improve renewable energy system design, planning, and administration.

In terms of academic influence, study on GIS for renewable energy systems can add to the increasing corpus of knowledge on renewable energy, GIS, and their integration. It can also offer up new study possibilities and collaborations with other researchers and industries working in this area.

Picture belongs to Ref. 3 of the Discussion.

MPC is especially beneficial for optimizing performance during transients and in or near highly nonlinear response regions.

We used MESSAGE on national scale of Syria. Article: Formulating an optimal long-term energy supply.strategy for Syria using MESSAGE model,here in my profle

Chun Qin , you can use the discretization error in the extra states arising from finite difference approximation as an extra source of noise. This is reasonable and works well if the error is 'well behaved' (e.g. is not always positive for most or all operating points etc).

Hasan A Al-Asadi Because it is made of gel rather than liquid, overcharging can generate holes in the electrolytes, which can cause permanent damage and shorten the battery's life.

Narjes Azizi The constraints include a limited supply, limited acceptable geographical locations, transmission losses, and the danger of decreasing subterranean well steam resources.

In the literature, common potential barriers to geothermal district heating system (GDHS) development include a lack of awareness of geothermal energy system benefits among local governments, the complexity and risk associated with GDHS projects, and a lack of local knowledge required to manage these complex issues.

Hi all, I am also struggling with simulating the parabolic trough collector in aspen . kindly assist me. I want it to act as a preheater at a certain location in Kenya.

Many thanks@Deep for your comments. They're all in line with our knowledge in house. Would appreciate if there's more specific challenge or gap etc.

I recommend that you review these manuscripts. This is a list of scientific contributions selected from the Scopus Database. I hope this information will be of great use to you.

Dear Joan Manuel F. Mendoza

Recently a tool has been provided - using Python, available on GitHub - to perform prospective LCA by making use of the outputs of integrated assessment models (IAMs, both IMAGE and REMIND) to modify the background life cycle inventory (LCI) database ecoinvent using different socio-economic pathways. Please have a look at https://github.com/polca/premise.

Further, this recently published paper in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews provides a description as well as a couple of case studies of the tool:

Hope this helps,

Tom

Dear Dr. Grigorios Kyriakopoulos,

I appreciate you for your helpful answer in enumerating an energy-efficient and eco-friendly energy coupling technology that is beneficial in exploiting geothermal energy.

Best regards,

Omid

Dear Ssennoga Twaha , definitely right!

In Myanmar, the renewables based hybrid system is the feasible option for electrifying the remote and rural communities.

You can find my research articles on R^G about off-grid Mini-grids in Myanmar.

Dear Prof. Messaoudi,

I am interested to work with you since Renewable energy is one of my main and favorite research field. I have also completed a research in past based on renewable energy sources and their effectiveness.

I suggest the TRNSYS software. TRNSYS (pronounced 'tran-sis') is an extremely flexible graphically based software environment used to simulate the behavior of transient systems. While the vast majority of simulations are focused on assessing the performance of thermal and electrical energy systems, TRNSYS can equally well be used to model other dynamic systems such as traffic flow, or biological processes.

TRNSYS is made up of two parts. The first is an engine (called the kernel) that reads and processes the input file, iteratively solves the system, determines convergence, and plots system variables. The kernel also provides utilities that (among other things) determine thermophysical properties, invert matrices, perform linear regressions, and interpolate external data files. The second part of TRNSYS is an extensive library of components, each of which models the performance of one part of the system. The standard library includes approximately 150 models ranging from pumps to multizone buildings, wind turbines to electrolyzers, weather data processors to economics routines, and basic HVAC equipment to cutting edge emerging technologies. Models are constructed in such a way that users can modify existing components or write their own, extending the capabilities of the environment.

After 35 years of commercial availability, TRNSYS continues to be a flexible, component-based software package that accommodates the ever-changing needs of both researchers and practitioners in the energy simulation community.

Alternative and Renewable energy, solar, wind and geothermal power, brining down prices in the process about free of cost and highly demand world wide is.

Please see my profile

Best regards

Dear Taofeek,

The concept of phasor mode is that the frequency is constant. In this case, the inverter will work as if it were a transformer. However, as your goal is to create a control algorithm, I think it is better to use the continuous/discrete mode.

Best Regards.

Dear Lucas Schneider ,

Hope you are well!

I will give a conceptual answer and then you can implement.

You have the input flow and the out flow from a hydrogen tank and you want to determine is size given the maximum pressure.

You can get the maximum stored hydrogen by calculating maximum the difference between the total input flow and the total output flow

Hence:

The maximum stored hydrogen= Maximum( total input flow -total out[put flow)

So you need three columns for the total input flow, the total output flow and the difference and then the maximum difference which will be the maximum stored hydrogen, MSH.

Assume that the units of this stored hydrogen is in cubic meter at standard conditions of pressure and temperature.

Then all what do you need to get the volume V of the tank is to divide MSH by the maximum pressure P^.

Then you need to check only the minimum level of the gas by similarly calculating

the minimum stored hydrogen, MinSH divided by the calculated volume of the tank V, That is the minimum pressure= MinSH/V.

Best wishes

Thanks , I contacted the journal and even after 4 months, the editor is still waiting for reviews from 1 more reviewer. Pretty slow indeed.

Did you check the possibilities of Homer pro Biomass Module to integrate this Special fiel combination?

[(Wm * Tref)/Vd ] - [ Ia] ----> PI controller and pulse generator, you will find the control of DC/DC converter

Best regard

Dear Jimmy Y. Zhong and Detlef Ruschin

Thank you so much for your reply and the references mentioned.

I can see a link of observational and informational trust with the concept of dependability. That cames from system engineering as a measuring tool based on integrity, security, reliability. I will take this into account in my research (if you have any other reference it will be amazing if you remind to share here).

However, when it comes to socio-technical systems (where there is an interdependency), cognitive factors should be considered. As humans are barely predictive, trust in society will always be a dynamic parameter. Actions will lead to reflection + reaction, from an individual (trustor) towards the trustee. The individual will base the judgement on his subjective perceptions of what is considerer trustworthy or not. Such perception can also change based on his personal experience and how external factors influence/impact the trustor.

Dear Amir Hossein Zakeri ,

The values of the electricity consumption is given per hour averaged on the whole month. So

Mathematically Average hourly consumption along one month of the year=

SUN one hour consumption in kwh from day one to the end of the month. divided by the numbers of days in month. January is the highest consumption may be due to heating. Some hours in the summer days the consumption increases because of air conditioning at the nun times.

Best wishes

Dear Md Nasimul Islam Maruf ,

I think the major source will be direct solar heaters. Especially in the European countries in the south and east of Europe where they are rich with solar radiation.

For very controlled heating for industry one has to use the photovoltaic generators.

Best wishes

Surely not in near future, may be another 25 years. With intermittent renewables, it is difficult to progress.

Also check https://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurewhen-things-go-wrong-identifying-combined-cycle-problem-areas/

A changing climate has potential effects on the electricity sector, for example with respect to hydro-electric flow (in summer, and from snow melt), from wind resources, and from water abstraction for large generation plant.

I attach a report (sorry, in French) on this aspect in Swizereland.

Dear Taskina Nasrin

Yes, it is possible by using different programming and software as:

1 RETScreen

2 LEAP

3 HYSIM

4 iHOGA

5 ARES

6 SOMES

7 RAPSIM

8 Hybrid2

9 INSEL

10 HySys

11 Dymola/Modelica

12 HOMER

13 Matlab

Best regards

LEDS-EEP City Energy Planning Toolkit By:

Judit Bálint, Eduardas Kazakevicius, Thor Morante Brigneti

You can try to visit

specify the output format and location on the Publish settings pane

Thank you Mr. Edwin for your guidance

Try QUTIP first and then qiskit IBM

Wingate (30s all out in a bike using p.e. 7.5%-10% of your body weight as resistance). it will use that energy system, at least for the first part of the exercise.

You can use MolAICal ( https://molaical.github.io) to calculate the MM/GBSA based on the simulated results of NAMD2. Please see the tutorial: MM/GBSA tutorial by NAMD and MolAICal in the website: https://molaical.github.io/tutorial.html

Dear Irfan Shahid

Please take a look at these sites

Best regards

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUmAM9laViU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJzjPJ9_g1o

https://www.digsilent.de/en/optimal-power-flow.html

As much as you input data for SVM, you will get more accuracy for your model.

Dear Hooman,

I think you can use the "loop" as this form:

Dear Emmanuel Vincent Philip,

This link maybe useful for :

Dear Dawid,

I would advise use MATLAB instead of Fortran code for steam cycle performance.

Power plant can use couple of process simulators such as e.g. Aspen Plus, Unisim, and Pro II. . To evaluate the model’s performance, its predictions may be compared with those of an equivalent model from Gate Cycle or other cycle. Use the Steam table for steam, count enthalpy values of cycle performance, and predict the inlet temperature, mark steam deviations and efficiency range. Just assume, the relative deviations in the plant power output and efficiency must be less than 0.65% for 100% loads. Use MTALAB, it can solve your issue(Reference: Aklilu and Gilani adopted the normalized parameters from to describe the characteristics of compressor and turbine and developed a simulation model in MATLAB to identify the plant operation mode from field data. Zhang et al).

The simulation can follow the recycle modules.

The following assumptions perhaps you have made for simulating the pressure in power plant using Aspen.

1. Plant at Steady state (2) Fuel combustion (3) Cooling water flow (4) No water leak.

Refer the site:

file:///C:/Users/3020/Cookies/Desktop/Downloads/SimulatingcombinedcyclegasturbinepowerplantsinAspenHYSYS.pdf

Ashish

When the compressor stops and only the fans run, the power consumption can be one tenth of the total consumption of the air conditioning system. This is because the mechanical compression process requires much more energy than fans use to move air through the exchangers. Basic knowledge of thermodynamic theories explains this difference between the consumption of the cooling system while only the fans operate.

And if the model is not stochastic?

Check out Leon Lasdon's book on large-scale optimisation, called

Optimization theory for large systems

There are many components to a successful research study and many questions that researchers must consider in order to develop a relevant and viable project.

In order to find a topic, the researcher must first identify the goal of their research. Is it to improve or advance a program or intervention, to establish basic data on an unknown topic, or instead to test an educational innovation? Answering this broad question will help you to hone the possible topics of your study.

Oftentimes, students as well as professional researchers discover their topics in a variety of conventional and unconventional ways. Many researchers find that their personal interests and experiences help to narrow their topic. For students, previous classes and course material are often the source of research ideas.

DlgSILENT offers excellent tools for analyzing all power generation components and offers a vast array of functionality perfectly suited to provides comprehensive modelling features for studying all kinds of electrical networks.

DlgSILENT provides all the necessary functionality to conduct complex studies for the integration of renewable generation into distribution, transmission and industrial networks, which is nowadays one of the key issues in network planning and analysis. A full set of tools is provided to undertake the wide range of studies required for grid connection and grid impact analysis of wind parks, PV generation and all other renewable energy power plants. Recurring tasks can easily be automated using scripting tools, to streamline the analysis process.

Cybersecurity of Power and Energy Systems is a topic with many questions yet to be answered. This research area is roughly 50% on computer science and 50% on power and energy systems.

Also, Power Quality of Energy Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy is another important area with many unanswered questions.

Although the topic has been well studied in many papers

But there are still important topics. However, any a new study can be essential and useful.

Look at topics of recent papers and try to apply some of these studies on your country or countries where the research has not taken place. Any subject can be of benefit in changing the goal type, reliability, and the methods used to reach the solution. A multi-goals paper will be valuable.

Look at the topics of my papers on RG these researches can guide you to a new idea.

Omar Hazem MOHAMMED

I think Ihtishamul Haq is working on Aspen plus, you can consult him.

Thanks

Dear Balamurugan,

There is complete matlab code and mode extraction for the solar cells and solar panels in the book chapter:

Best wishes

Maybe the IEEE European Low Voltage Test Feeder case helps you : https://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/. It consists of 55 residential buildings and a radial networkwith 4 branches. This paper used it as case study:

Dear Katyal

The second law of thermodynamics known as a non-reversible law, that means at any movement of the system boundary there is an entropy generation this called the entropy generation due to the work. As well as the heat transfer to the system causes two types of entropy, the first one is the entropy generation and the second is the entropy transport.

The entropy generation due to work and heat always greater than zero. While the entropy transport due to the heat transfer can be negative or positive depending on the direction of heat flow. Thus, the heat flow to the system produced useful work and part of the heat is lost as entropy generation and entropy transport.

The matter is not complicated as if you know the conversion efficiency, then you can express the output power po as a function of fuel consumption. then

po= Eta pi, where pi is the fuel consumption rate in KWh and Eta is the conversion efficeincy. I think there are such curves or values of the efficiency. You can also take the po as a function of fuel curves and curve fit them and use them in your model.

Best wishes

Thanks!!!!!!!

I will do ASAP!

Dear Dr. Algburi,

As known, dust and high temperature effect significantly on the electrical performance of the photovoltaic systems. In my opinion gulf area or sea are better options. Moreover, maintenance cost will be higher in a power plant in the desert. Sea breeze can decrease the surface temperature of the solar panels. On the other hand, photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) systems can be utilized to produce both thermal and electrical energy. With this technology, PV temperature also can be decreased. To make better decision, prototype systems should be investigated in various regions.

Regards

You will still have to minimize with appropriate constraints later, otherwise the geometries may be incompatible with the subsequent dynamics that require the use of constraints.

I was too harsh in my comments about EBSILON. My team did find that it was the best currently available alternative to GateCycle V5.61. EBSILON has many excellent features and additional capabilities. I faced the challenge of being given only 80 hours (determined by Sales & Marketing) to develop a system model, validation cases, and a complete set of correction curves. Our director insisted on 0.1%/0.1° agreement with design heat balances and 0.2%/0.5° agreement across the range of corrections, demonstrated by random cases. This was very difficult to achieve with GateCycle, but much more so with EBSILON, given the available controls and adjustments. Forcing a model to fit the EPC's heat balances, which contain multiple unspecified and proprietary margins, is a daunting task indeed. This raises an issue of much debate: how I (the performance testing engineer) think a system will perform vs. how they (the EPC's engineers) are willing to guarantee it will perform (including possible liquidated damages). If I am not liable for the liquidated damages, I don't get to decide how the system "should" perform, which means I don't get to loosely match the information provided. This is implied in ASME PTC-46, depending on who you ask. As a performance testing contractor, it was my responsibility to represent as accurately as possible what the EPC committed to delivering, not how I thought a system was going to perform. When a big discrepancy arose (and they occasionally did), I informed the parties that there might be a problem meeting the guarantees. If the performance test proved otherwise, that's OK. EPC's engineers will tell you stories like... This vendor always come up 5% (or 1°) short, so we just add 6% (or 1.5°). We save $20M on the project, come in lowest bidder, and still achieve the guarantees without getting sued. If time were not such a hard constraint for me (as in a nuclear plant, for instance) or if agreement with an EPC's margins were negotiable or if I were designing the system (rather than working with someone else's design), the evaluation criteria would be different, as would my conclusion. The fit between GateCycle V5.61 and the performance testing company I worked for was fortuitous indeed. I think 80 hours is unreasonable for such a complex task, but that's the market reality I had to work with. I should think EBSILON an excellent choice for many other circumstances and applications.

Both technologies are older than combustion system. First fuel cell was designed by Wiliem Grove in 1839 based on theoretical work of Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838 and first electric vehicle come up in 1835 and constructed by Sibrandus Stratinghem and Christopher Becker.

I can say that It doesn't matter who win this battle, the winner will be people and Earth's environment because we will have traffic without pollution and CO2 neutral as it is supposed. However, I can continue by many arguments why both solutions might not be so clean as we think at the first sight. It depends how the electricity is produced, how much energy is needed for producing of batteries and influence on environment in overall. And similar for fuel cell vehicles, it depends how the hydrogen is produced because decomposition of natural gas, which is most frequent way now, does not make sense with respect to the environment.

Actually, there is also 3th fighter - modern and redesigned combustion system as diesel or gasoline or even CNG which is interesting too. Again, it depends how the fuel is produced and synthesized. There has been done also big effort which is recently accelerated due to pushing down the emission limits.

Back to battery car vs fuel cell car. Even though my research field is fuel cell technology I admit that there is no reason to use sophisticated system as FC if you want to cross distance 10-15 km each day (work-shop-home triangle). Small electric car can do good job in this case. On the other hand you can go also by bus or by bicycle, which is definitely the best solution with regard to environment.

In case of this small electric car it is necessary to produce electricity by "green way" without burning coal or natural gas otherwise use CNG will be more effective and environment friendly for sure.

Electric car use battery for storage where the ratio:

ratio = (electrons released)/(protons in the system)

is always lower than in case fuel cell where this ratio for hydrogen is 1 = 2 protons/ 2 electrons. From this point of view, fuel cell car will be always more powerful. It will enable to cross longer distance and in addition it will produce heat in winter without loss of range. However, it depends how the hydrogen is stored. If we store hydrogen in metal-hydrides or even in heavy steel cylinders the above-mentioned ratio is decreasing. Lots of efforts have done in case of hydrogen storage and more efforts has to be done. I think that this ratio (electrons released)/(protons in the system) will be higher for FC car in the end especially for longer range of distances.

I think we will needs both technologies in near future and for longer distances the FC will be winner.

(I am sorry for longer text but it is interesting topic and thanks for question.)

Thanks alot @ Md. Washim Akram , but i've read these article and I couldn't get my answer.

The equation you put in your question doesn't match the stoichiometry of the reaction: formally, you are inserting CHCl into your Coronene/Nanographene slab, not CH2Cl.

The formula that Arezou Zarei brought up is the atomization enthalpy (=decomposition into single atoms), not the formation energy. The latter is defined as the energy required to form the compound from the most stable modification of its elements (i.e. graphite, H2 and Cl2), so choose what you actually want.

If you want the formation energy: Since calculating an actual graphite crystal (=periodic boundary conditions) is probably precisely the thing you want to avoid, I would decompose the reaction as follows:

2Coronene(unfunc) + C2H2Cl2 -> 2Coronene(func.)

All those are close-shell molecules that DFT can handle pretty well with a strong functional. The formation enthalpies of both educts can easily be googled.

The reaction energy ER can be calculated both from the absolute DFT energies Eabs as well as the formation energiesEF:

ER=2Eabs(Corfunc)-2Eabs(Corunfunc)-Eabs(C2H2Cl2)=2Ef(Corfunc)-2Ef(Corunfunc)-Ef(C2H2Cl2)

Now all you need to do is calculated the three Eabs values, get the Ef values of your educts from the literature and calculate Ef(C2H2Cl2).

Maulik,

welcome,

The function of the capacitor is energy storage as potential energy. So, it can supply the the load when the source is reduced and it will store the surplus power when in case of Generator excess. So it serves as regulator and stabilizer between the source and the load. As it increases, it will store more energy and can fix the voltage for longer time.

Best wishes

Dear Miguel, you cannot assume a constant value of UA. The heat exchanger area A is fixed but the global heat transfer coefficient U depends of the properties of both flows: density, viscosity, mass flow rate, temperatures and, maybe the most important, the phase of the fluid. In off-design coditions, U must be calculated for each different condition.

I suggest to see the Matlab section where users share functions and applications. For sure, there is something similar to your ptoblem

Dear Mohammad, I developed many multi-carrier energy system models in MATLAB environment, if you are good in programming you may follow this way. Here you can find an example of my work on the topic (it is the only one published to date):

Hi,

Kindly refer bthe link:

Usually the difference between analytical and predicted values by simulation are not very large.