Emotional Psychology - Science topic

Theater is described as a form of human expression, and an important human necessity, through which the needs of individuals and societies are expressed, and an important mediator for the transfer of educational, social and intellectual dimensions. Hence, the importance of the child’s theater emerged as a guiding educational method that affects the...

The present study, which was presented at the Drama in Education Days 2021, was conducted in Athens, Greece during spring 2021. It aims to facilitate linguistic and communicative competence, critical awareness, emotional empowerment, and refugees' social transformation through online drama activities. The online platform Messenger was chosen to imp...

Life in the 21st century brings new legal, but also bioethical and moral dilemmas in the spheres of social life, which, in addition to questions from the fields of law and medicine, are closely related to questions from the fields of religion, philosophy, psychology and sociology. Therefore, an attempt to take a broader view of current events and g...

Purpose: This chapter highlights the experiences of domestic violence survivors and service providers, namely firefighters and police, during the pandemic in Guatemala. It includes an overview of violence types seen and experienced during the pandemic, contributing factors to domestic violence, an overview of why individuals may or may not leave th...

Introduction: Non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal thoughts and behaviors present high prevalence rates in adolescence. Aims: This study aimed to describe adolescents’ perceptions about these phenomena, and to analyze and compare the differences of these perceptions among adolescents with and without a history of non-suicidal selfinjury, suicidal ide...

This article attempts to answer the question of God’s compassion during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many people are asking questions about God’s care and love amid situations where they could not mourn the loss of the loved ones and find closure. African philosophy of death, mourning rituals and funeral ceremonies we...

Background: Globally, there is a vast mental health treatment gap, whereby the majority of adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries requiring mental health services, do not have access to adequate care. To improve access, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a range of interventions, designed to be low-cost and delivered by...

Stress is seen in every corner of the world and occurs in everyone. People use the term stress to describe the feeling they have when it all seems too much, when they are overloaded and don't feel that they are able to meet all the demands placed upon them. A child burdened with a heavy bag right from From school to the Manager of the Corporate...

Infertility is physically, emotionally, psychologically, financially, and socially challenging. For people in larger bodies, infertility challenges are intensified as providers often blame them for their inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term. Using a memorable messages framework, we examined messages that fat women (N = 69) with an inf...

The spread of the Covid-19 virus that initially surfaced in China in late 2019 eventually emerged as a global pandemic which adversely affected the worldwide population, including Malaysia. Consequently, the Malaysian government implemented many social and public health measures to help control the spread of Covid-19 in the country. The Covid-19 pa...

Emotion is a pictures human feelings when faced with various different situations and conditions. Emotional expression a strategy for expressing one's feelings. Human emotions not only have function survival. It can also used as an energy generator that can provide power to be passionate human life. Emotions also messenger in life. The film Two Blu...

On a global level, the analysis of the well-being of countries and ethnic groups is receiving increasing attention. As part of a larger study, we used the Global Well-Being scale among Hungarian residents in the Szeklerland region ¹ of Romania. The scale aims to measure the well-being experienced emotionally, psychologically, socially, and spiritua...

Background Childhood cancer is a stressful experience for patients and their families; it has a profound effect on families emotionally, psychologically and financially. The mother's supportive role affects the child's treatment outcomes and the health of all family members. Aims This study was conducted to describe the experiences of mothers of c...

Woman is the most beautiful creation of God. So her care from womb to Tomb is very much essential and necessary. This care can be of various types. Women empowerment can be one of the ways to uplift her physically, socially, emotionally, psychologically, intellectually and nutritionally. World Bank has given a broader explanation of empowerment. It...

El interés de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios, planteándose como objetivo general analizar el fenómeno de la violencia en el noviazgo y el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento a partir de una metodología cuantitativa, diseño no experimental y trayectoria correlaci...

Introduction: Expectant mothers during primigravida face personal, interpersonal, and social changes as they prepare to become parent, all of which have a significant influence on the infant-parent interaction, and the infant's maturation. Aim: The present study was conducted to see the psychological distress and buffering social support in wome...

Introduction: Vitiligo can be associated with a psychological burden, stigmatization and impaired quality of life. Tools to assess the impact of vitiligo exist; however, none were developed in line with the FDA's patient-reported outcome (PRO) Guidance for Industry. This study aimed to explore the content validity of two newly developed PRO measur...

Purpose: Despite of implementation of many laws and legislation in Pakistan, domestic violence is still present and increasing day by day. The aim of the study is to point out what are the causes and effects of Domestic Violence (DV) against women in Pakistan. The Pakistani scenario has been described and theoretical bases are presented. Methodolo...

El cambio climático es el mayor desafío ambiental del siglo. El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático lo ha dejado claro: medio grado más de calentamiento en nuestro planeta marcará la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte. En ese contexto, la comunicación sobre el cambio climático resulta de vital importancia para generar e...

Objectives: Analysis of human affect (feelings) that directly release on human emotions is mandatory to rival many psychological impacts. Human emotions are more precious and real. The history of Effect Theory implies on the idea of detecting the feelings and emotions seems needful to predict behaviour. The proposed research work is based on predic...

The undergraduate years are generally deemed of as a period of self-discovery, adventure, and freedom, but what happens when college students marry? People usually don't think of marriage as an individual relationship, but rather as a collaboration in which each spouse wants to give up some of his or her individuality. Due to their home duties, stu...

Introduction: Transgender (TG) children and adolescents experience problems in school as well as with family and social relationships that can adversely affect their physical and psychosocial health and impair their quality of life (QOL). This study aims to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in TG children. Methods: We performed a cro...

Introduction: The study examined age-related differences between young and older adults’ emotional and psychological experience as well as cognitive functioning throughout different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Materials and Methods: Participants were interviewed by phone when confined at home during the national lockdown (T1-May 2020;...

Prior to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the South African healthcare system was already under severe strain due to amongst others, a lack of human resources, poor governance and management, and an unequal distribution of resources among provinces and between the public and private healthcare sectors. At the center of these challeng...

COVID-19 has recently caused an unprecedented change in the entire world. This paper aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the employees of the IT (Information Technology) sector and its related services by employing qualitative analysis. These people have been affected emotionally, psychologically, and socially due to the drastic changes caused...

This research study tried to examine the Indonesian customer's online buying experience by considering the service quality of Indonesia's online garments and clothing industry along-with the mediating effect of customer's emotional psychology as well as the moderating role demographic features of customer like age and marital status. The population...

The vast literature on negative treatment of outgroups and favoritism toward ingroups provides many local insights but is largely fragmented, lacking an overarching framework that might provide a unified overview and guide conceptual integration. As a result, it remains unclear where different local perspectives conflict, how they may reinforce one...

The article defines and describes the main ways of suggestive impact in advertising texts. The language-specific nature of advertising texts is often reduced, as the marketing aspect is highlighted. One of the main functions of the advertising text is the suggestive function, since this type of texts is designed to impact a person emotionally, psyc...

COVID-19 has recently caused an unprecedented change in the entire world. This paper aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the employees of the IT (Information Technology) sector and its related services by employing qualitative analysis. These people have been affected emotionally, psychologically, and socially due to the drastic changes caused...

Resilience is the psychological capability to recover from difficulties quickly. Healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to job-related stress and burnout. Unitary Caring Science is the framework for Watson’s Human Caring Theory, providing a philosophy of practice in healthcare. With the high rates of clinician burnout and psychological...

Ten to twenty percent of adolescents in the world experience mental health or behavioral problems. Emotional, psychological and social welbeing are the three components of mental health. Awareness on psychosocial wellbeing is an integral part of early identification of mental health issues. This paper describes teachers’ awareness toward psychosoci...

The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has claimed the lives of almost a million people across the globe and this trend continues to rise rapidly day by day. The fear of getting infected by Corona virus is affecting the people emotionally, psychologically and mentally. They are not able to work to their full capacity and are also worried about the well b...

Introduction: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition that negatively impacts patient’s quality of life (QOL). The GO-QOL questionnaire was originally developed in the Netherlands to quantify how TED and treatments affect patient QOL. This questionnaire includes eight questions each on visual functioning and appearance related QOL; the...

Background: High-risk pregnancy refers to a pregnancy that negatively affects the health of the mother, the baby, or both. High-risk pregnancy evokes a range of emotional and psychological experiences for the expectant mother, and can adversely affect both the mother and the baby's health. Medical research on high-risk pregnancy abounds, while wom...

This article shows how domestic violence perpetrators can use coercive control against their children after their ex‐partner has separated from them. Coercive control can include violence, threats, intimidation, stalking, monitoring, emotional abuse and manipulation, interwoven with periods of seemingly ‘caring’ and ‘indulgent’ behaviour as part of...

How employees cope with the requirement to work in a foreign language has received little scholarly attention. To narrow this gap, we conducted an ethnographic study at KONE and NOKIA, companies using English as a lingua franca. Results indicate that employees who are non-native lingua franca speakers may cope collectively with the language demands...

This research was conducted with the aim of describing the childcare methods carried out by three early marriage families in Ponjong District, Gunungkidul Regency. The background of this research is the existence of government policy in Law Number 1 of 1974 article 7 paragraph (1) concerning Marriage which explains the minimum age limit for marriag...

The frequent occurrence of violent behaviour displayed by some people in some home environments has had a devastating effect in Zambian communities. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how household violence would implicate learning for public safety so as to establish possible strategies that should be integrated in public safety education...

How can cinema be used to understand our society? Different sociologists asked throughout history this question. Generally, they assume that since all subjects act within social institutions, films necessarily tell us something about aspects of life in society. Besides, their "visual power," and their narratives, would be even able to shape our exp...

The objective of the present study is to analyze the influence of coaches on emotional intelligence and on levels of anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, and resilience among athletes. Five-hundred forty-seven semi-professional athletes between the ages of 16 and 19 participated in this study. Various statistical analyses were conducted which explain...

Objective: Understanding the unmet supportive care needs of men on active surveillance for prostate cancer may enable researchers and health professionals to better support men and prevent discontinuation when there is no evidence of disease progression. This review aimed to identify the specific unmet supportive care needs of men on active survei...

According to psychological constructivism, emotions result from projecting folk emotion concepts onto felt affective episodes. While constructivists acknowledge there is a biological dimension to emotion, they deny that emotions are (or involve) affect programs. So they also deny emotions are natural kinds. However, the essential role that construc...

Domestic violence is always discussed in relation to women. Man is always considered as the perpetrator. However, because of the socioeconomic changes affecting the family structure in recent times, domestic violence is not limited to women only. Men also are abused verbally, physically, emotionally, psychologically, and sexually. Men do not report...

Es necesario que en la conciliación se integren nuevos saberes que servirán para fortalecer y apoyar la conciliación a la hora de solucionar algún conflicto a través de ciertas disciplinas como la psicología emocional, donde su rol será de gran importancia, ya que es bastante común que las partes lleguen emocional y sentimentalmente afectadas. El p...

ÖZET Günümüzde küreselleşme ve örgütsel stratejiler sonucu, rekabetçi pazar koşullarına uyum sağlamak adına işletmeler satın alma veya birleşme yollarını tercih etmektedir. Birleşme ve satın almalar işletmelere pek çok avantaj sağlasa da dikkatli planlanmadığı takdirde hisse sahipleri, yöneticiler, çalışanlar ve toplum açısından olumsuz sonuçlar do...

Despite Product-Service Systems (PSS) research being largely developed lately, applications are still limited in parts by implying changes in consumer practices. One of the main barriers is in the change of perception since some types of PSS propose the satisfaction of needs without product ownership, which highlights emotional aspects and involves...

Analysis of the Social Network Platform, Wattpad Application, in Terms of Adolescents' Problems, Their Solution Strategies and the Possible Impacts Abstract: Wattpad is a social networking platform developed as a literacy application. The application has become more popular not only in the virtual environment but also in the daily life of young peo...

A resiliência é uma habilidade que pode ser aprendida e desenvolvida, e que tem um papel fundamental na proteção do indivíduo, porque todos estamos expostos ao estresse diário. Mas um bom desenvolvimento da resiliência pode ensinar a superar as dificuldades que surgem, por isso é importante para ensinar aos estudantes. O boom dos anos 80 em Psicolo...

SOCIJALNOPEDAGOŠKA ANALIZA PERCEPCIJE PORODIČNIH ODNOSA I VRŠNJAČKOG NASILJA KOD SREDNJOŠKOLACA Sažetak Predmet ovog istraživačkog rada bila je socijalnopedagoška analiza istraživačke relacije percepcije porodičnih odnosa i vršnjačkog nasilja kod srednjoškolaca. Cilj je bio da se ustanovi postoji li statistički značajna povezanost percepcije porod...

Gender based violence towards young women is a pandemic experienced mostly by women of all classes and age in different settings, spheres of life and environment. It affects the victim both socially, emotionally, psychologically and physically. Gender based violence is caused by various factors such as substance abuse, lack of education as well as...

There is a correlation between the wellbeing of residents of elderly care centre with a well-designed outdoor space. The study was to assess the impact of outdoor space towards the elderly wellbeing in a selected care centre in Malaysia. The focus was on how the elderly physically, emotionally, psychologically and socially behave towards their envi...

La resiliencia es una capacidad que se puede aprender y desarrollar, y que tiene un papel fundamental a la hora de proteger a la persona, ya que todos estamos expuestos al estrés diario, pero un desarrollo adecuado de la resiliencia se puede aprender a superar las dificultades que vayan surgiendo, por ello es importante enseñarlo a escolares. El bo...

Purpose: Music has been linked with well-being across clinical and community settings. Yet, research has focused on assessment of single dimensions of well-being and on the typical receiver of support services. Acknowledging the burden that a caring role encompasses and integrating recent proposals for a multifaceted definition of well-being, we e...

Internet connection has made life easier and more convenient. It increased availability, sharing and trading of information and products. Apart from benefits, anonymity made new form of crime easier: cyber-crime. Understanding risks and consequences of the cyber-crime from the user’s perspective is neglected in the literature, but is very much need...

How eff ectively is 'inclusive design' taught in schools of architecture? What diff erent forms, both implicit and explicit, do approaches to the subject take? What key approaches do we need to teach architecture students so they are equipped to deliver inclusive-for-all environments? We engage with these questions by focusing on 'inclusive design'...

The factors and transforms of affective state were analyzed based on affective psychology theory. After that, a multi-layer affective decision model was proposed by establishing mapping relation among character, mood and motion. The model reflected the changes of mood and emotion spaces based on different characters. Experiment showed that human em...

This study focused on the mentoring styles and mentoring problems by clinical instructors. Experienced nurse educators are a vital component in achieving quality nurse graduate. Achievement of healthy work environments for clinical instructors is critical to the safety, recruitment and quality nursing students. This study used the descriptive-corr...

This study examined the relations between core psychological self-schemas and the subjective well-being (SWB) of Turkish and California (United States) adolescents. The participants were 2,242 high school students (1,123 from Turkey and 1,119 from California). Core psychological self-schemas were measured with the Social and Emotional Health Survey...

Objective: Psychological distress is pervasive among medical students and residents (MSR) and is associated with academic under-performance, decreased empathy, burnout, and suicidal ideation. To date, there has been little examination of how demographic and socioeconomic factors influence trainee's psychological distress levels, despite suggestion...

This paper develops determinants of spiritual intelligence (SI) based on a theoretical framework in Indian Scenario. 15 major determinants of Spiritual Intelligence emerged as universal across the traditions of our society. They are: (1) Physical Spirituality, (2) Intellectual Spirituality, (3) Emotional Spirituality, (4) Psychological Spirituality...

This study aimed to assess the stress and coping mechanism of the Grade V pupils of Panubigan Elementary School: Basis for Guidance and Counselling Program. Specifically, this sought to answer four questions. The first question focused on the extent of the stress experienced by the Grade V pupils of Panubigan Elementary School in terms of Physical,...

La innovación de los modelos educativos" UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE MANABÍ EMPRENDIMIENTO 2017 Por: Mariela Alicia Cobeña Ostaiza Resumen La innovación en la educación se demuestra en la creación de nuevas técnicas para el aprendizaje y el potenciamiento del conocimiento, sin embargo, las nuevas generaciones requieren de innovación social para desarrol...

Este artículo repasa el peso que tiene hoy el discurso psicológico en el mundo educativo. Por un lado, se denuncia el uso abusivo del diagnóstico en salud mental en el marco escolar. Por el otro, se analizan los efectos de la expansión de las neurociencias en las condiciones de producción del conocimiento pedagógico. Finalmente, se examina el papel...

La santé mentale est plus que l’absence de maladie mentale ou de troubles mentaux : elle constitue une forme de bien-être complet et interpelle notre capacité à jouir de la vie et à faire face aux défis auxquels nous sommes confrontés. La santé mentale et la maladie mentale ne représentent pas les extrêmes d’un même continuum, mais constituent plut...

Objectives Explore the experience of patients undergoing colorectal surgery within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme. Use these experiential data to inform the development of a framework to support ongoing, meaningful patient engagement in ERAS. Design Qualitative patient-led study using focus groups and narrative interviews. Dat...

Objectives: Elder emotional/psychological abuse is the infliction of mental anguish on older adults through verbal or non-verbal acts. Using indicators based on existing literature, theoretically important abuser characteristics and victim vulnerabilities were collected using the Elder Abuse Decision Support System (EADSS) to test a theory of emot...

We don’t know much about the smells of the past. Yet, odours play an important role in our daily lives: they affect us emotionally, psychologically and physically, and influence the way we engage with history. Can this lead us to consider certain smells as cultural heritage? And if so, what would be the processes for the identification, protection...

The article discusses the “Emotional psychology” Russian-Polish thinker Lev Petrazhitsky – psychological theory of the early XX century, which aspires to become a new psychological science. First, it sets out the views of Petrazhitsky on contemporary psychological science, the essence of his emotional psychology, and then it is analyzed and evaluat...

The emotional labour of nursing takes a toll; a concerted effort to limit its effects is essential to the future of healthcare. Internationally, healthcare organisations face the challenge of retaining a healthy yet ageing nursing workforce. Nurses make up the largest single professional group in healthcare and have the oldest average age – which i...

To determine whether delayed vascular repair is feasible or has good results in late presented cases of vascular trauma, even after > 48 hrs with ischemic changes in some cases. General literature says < 6 hrs is appropriate for limbs salvage but our study says that this time limitation can be extended to a greater extent. We have chosen this study...

Traditionally, the exploration of the impact of trauma on trauma survivors in South Africa has been focused mainly on the bio-psychosocial aspects. The bio-psychosocial approach recognises that trauma affects people biologically, socially and psychologically. In this article, the author explores a holistic understanding of the effects of trauma on...

Ageing population of Malaysia will continue to increase, hence accommodating their needs is imperative, as they will form a significant portion of the future society. The study was to identify and understand the need of having outdoor space in a care centre; how the elderly physically, emotionally, psychologically and socially behave towards their...

EMOTIONS- Definition Types of Emotions Theories of emotions

Accession Number: 112466733; Maguth, Brad M. 1; Email Address: bmaguth@uakron.edu; Boit, Rachel 1; Muenz, Lisa 2; Smith, Faith R. 3; Affiliations: 1 : The University of Akron; 2 : Western Reserve Local Schools; 3 : Wonder World Child Development Center; Source Info: Fall2015, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p80; Thesaurus Term: Social sciences -- Study & teaching...

This study examined the influence of emotional psychology on behavior in purchasing of branded clothing, particularly " Cats Eye ". For the purpose of collecting primary data, total samples of 100 shoppers were selected by using mall intercept survey. The data gathered from the survey was analyzed using different statistical techniques namely frequ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the lifetime prevalence of emotional/psychological abuse among married female healthcare providers in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 350 married female nurses and doctors, recruited from three tertiary healthcare hospitals (one...

Alarape, A.I. (2014). Job Insecurity and Work Motivation in a Nigeria Bank: Effect on Employees Job Performance. International Journal of Emotional Psychology and Sports Ethics, Vol. 16, 1080-1095. The bank consolidation programme in Nigeria has stabilized and repositioned the banking industry. This was achieved not without some challenges for the...

This article presents reliability and validity analyses of the Perception of Child Maltreatment Scale (PCMS). The scale comprised 34 items that measure abusive behaviors related to emotional/psychological abuse (10 items), sexual abuse (6 items), child neglect (6 items), child labor (7 items), and physical abuse (5 items). Analysis was based on a c...

Latent class analysis was conducted on the psychosocial problems experienced by truant youths. Data were obtained from baseline interviews completed on 131 youths and their parents/guardians involved in a NIDA-funded, Brief Intervention Project. Results identified two classes of youths: Class 1(n=94): youths with low levels of delinquency, mental h...

This chapter reviews theoretical accounts of the relation between music and emotion and presents a cognitive-motor framework for understanding some of its most powerful effects. We first review selected theories and investigations of emotional responses to music. We next discuss evidence that specific attributes of music are individually associated...

The aim of this research was to study the structure of the most satisfying and unsatisfying user experiences in terms of experienced emotions, psychological needs, and contextual factors. 45 university students wrote descriptions of their most satisfying and unsatisfying recent user experiences and analyzed those experiences using the Positive and...

Objective: This study aims to explore the experience of childless men and the desire for fatherhood. Background: There is little research exploring the desire for fatherhood, with most studies concentrating on couples in infertility treatment. Of those, the majority focus on the women’s experience, a factor that may reflect the gender stereotype an...

Objective: This study aims to explore the experience of childless men and the desire for fatherhood. Background: There is little research exploring the desire for fatherhood, with most studies concentrating on couples in infertility treatment. Of those, the majority focus on the women’s experience, a factor that may reflect the gender stereotype an...

Monitoring health condition of Gas Turbine Engines (GTE), using data-based method requires a large amount of systems' parameter variables (data). These data are nonlinear and of high dimension. To analyse these data, dimensionality reduction techniques are required to transform the high-dimensional data to a lower dimensional space. This study adop...

AbsTrAcT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of flourishing and the association of mental health status with the socio-demographic characteristics and conduct problems of adolescents. Methods: A total of 8807 adolescents were included in this study. Data were obtained from knowledge, attitudes and practices household survey carried out in 2004. E...

Although research of parenting shows that parental behaviour affects children's development, very few investigations have examined what determines the parental behaviour of mothers and fathers. This study examines the contribution of some personal (parental psychopathological symptoms), gender of the child (child characteristics) and contextual det...

Although research of parenting shows that parental behaviour affects children's development, very few investigations have examined what determines the parental behaviour of mothers and fathers. This study examines the contribution of some personal (parental psychopathological symptoms), gender of the child (child characteristics) and contextual det...

The present paper pretends to identify, describe and compare the prevalence studies of elder abuse and neglect developed in Israel. The research method used international databases and specific keywords to develop the research. Results show the dominance of communitarian setting in elderly abuse and neglect studies and a comprehensive approach to s...

Caring for good people is difficult enough; to care for people who are either aggressive or violent is even more difficult. This is what psychiatric nurses working in the psychiatric institution in which research was done are exposed to on a daily basis. The aim of the research was to explore and describe the lived experience by psychiatric nurses...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bullying and victimization among Turkish elementary school students and its relationship to gender and grade level. It was reported that 79.6 % of the elementary level students were bullied during the last month. It also was reported that the type of bulling that students experienced th...

Educational transitions occur at set points throughout a child’s educational career. However, research indicates that the transition from the foundation stage to key stage 1 can be traumatic for many children. Furthermore, evidence has also indicated that this transition from informal to formal education can have various impacts, both positive and...

Educational transitions occur at set points throughout a child’s educational career. However, research indicates that the transition from the foundation stage to key stage 1 can be traumatic for many children. Furthermore, evidence has also indicated that this transition from informal to formal education can have various impacts, both positive and...

Each year in Australia, 35,000 people are reported missing to police1. That’s one person every 15 minutes. For every missing person’s case reported, at least 12 people are affected whether it is emotionally, psychologically, physically or financially. That means that a significantly large number of people will endure the trauma associated with the...