Emission Inventories - Science topic

In the US, as a general rule Portland cement manufacturing plants tend to be located fairly near the raw material source and so I would agree with Michel Noussan's statement that in most cases the pre-manufacturing transportation of raw materials contribution is very small in comparison to the manufacturing. That said, for a fair comparison to other materials it should be included. The post-manufacturing contribution is another matter. In some cases dry Portland cement is transported ridiculous distances to its point of being mixed. And for fair comparisons, the transportation after being mixed should also be included.

All that said, there will be large variations in the distances transported for various projects. In a given city, the cement used in one project may have been shipped only 100 miles while for another project, the cement used may have been shipped 1000 miles or more. For example, in 2019 the US imported $286 million worth of cement from Turkey. Over $10 billion (US$) in cement is shipped internationally every year.

Hi Abhijit, I'm trying to aim at Asia like India and China but so far haven't been able to find contacts. I would be more than happy to hear what you have in mind.

Best regards,

Joonas

Thank you sirs for your reply. The fuel is Euro IV and the sulfur content in 50 ppm, what i need is amount of Sulfur dioxide gas emitted in Kg per Liter unit.

Thank you, Didier!

Dear Prof. Dr. Lewis Maccarter

Thank you very much for the information.

Particulate matter measurement (PM2.5), I want to perform in a light diesel vehicle under real traffic conditions.

Thanks for your comments and all your help.

Sincerely,

Luis Tipanluisa

The aerosol field in the atmosphere is a function of three spatial variables (latitude, longitude and hight above the terrain), size of the aerosol particle, and time. This field describes mass of the aerosol particles (with a given radius) per unit volume. The evolution of this field is governed by the advection diffusion equation with terms describing scavenging, nucleation, stochastic coagulation, and chemical reactions. In addition you have to specify the surface and volume emission rates, as well as the boundary conditions. The problem of solving such an equation is not trivial and most often we refer to the numerical methods. Most of practical solutions for the tropospheric applications are obtained within the framework of an air pollution transport models such as WRF/CHEM

(For the simple option of dust particles please see section 4.3.1).

Alternatively you can try to perform some simplified estimates based on the analytical solution of the equations which could be obtained for the idealized meteorological conditions. If you specify more details of your problem I can assist you by providing some practical formula to be used for this purpose.

For the case of the stratospheric aerosol all equations are derived and discussed in the paper High-Resolution Modeling of Size-Resolved Stratospheric Aerosol (J. Atm. Sci., Oct 15, vol. 55, pp. 3127-3147) available at:

The paper is also useful as a general introduction to the problem of aerosol in the atmosphere.

Interesting question, been around for 12 days without an adequate response. I really cannot help you either, but you may want to check out a few contacts from this site (link). The developers of the emission database HBEFA checked their model in the context of what has been around at the time. Maybe, they can give you a pointer towards the underlying data/functions. Good luck with your search!

It is very difficult using JUST those gases. They have many similar sourced and photochemical reactions, I am afraid it cannot be done

Dear Sir,

Nitrogen oxides in combustion are formed by three mechanisms - oxidation of air nitrogen in lean air-fuel mixtures and at high temperatures (known as "thermal" or Zeldovich route); formation of radicals with air nitrogen (e.g. HCN, CN, etc.) in poorly mixed stoichiometric or rich mixtures (known as Fennimore route), which are later oxidized,  and by oxidation of nitrogen, if contained in the respective fuel.

Coal contains nitrogen, which is oxidized and contributes to the first two sources, while nitrogen in NG is usually in very small quantities, if any.  

If you are not going to study condensation and rain droplet formation processes in detail  there is no need to know anything about aerosol for calculating rainfall  rates or the amount of precipitation. You simply assume that there always  are enough condensation nuclei present. In fact this is the case. So you only have to calculate the amount of water which has to fall out to reduce the supersaturation during an ascent of an airmass so that a relative humidity of 100 % is not exceeded. Of course you also have to take into account the amount of evaporation of the droplets if they are falling through layers of dry air.

Please check http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/emep-eea-air-pollutant-emission-inventory-guidebook to find a full set recent air pollutant emission estimation methods and default emission factors for all relevant processes. These methods also follow those of the IPCC 2006 Guidelines for Greenhouse Gases: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html.

Just using burnt area as measure of peat fire can be underestimation rather. Because, peat fires can be active for long time underneath. Peat fires are difficult to detect directly through remote sensing as there could be forest cover obscuring the direct detection as heat anomaly. The smoke product can be taken as surrogate to peat fire in such cases where direct detection of active fire is not possible. Burnt area can be used in cases where it suits anyway. Regards

Giwa, there is a Software called Emisens, it estimates uncertainties from road traffic emissions, please check this PhD thesis: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/149809/files/EPFL_TH4793.pdf. You can also contact Professor Alain Clappier, he developed this Software: alain.clappier@live-cnrs.unistra.fr

Copert (see link above) is not the most comprehensive nor the most accurate database, but it is the most well known and accepted. I would suggest to use it.

Dear,

If the case is in transport emissions may help the program: ARTEMIS available on the web.

European Environment Agency, EEA. ARTEMIS-Assessment and Reliability of Transport Emission Models and Inventory Systems. Denmark, 2010.

Regards,

Vanessa

Hey Utkarsh,

If I understand you correctly, then here you will find what are you looking for: www.worldpop.org.uk

Attached is a bibliography of articles and reports on fugitive dust from different industrial operations.

Thank you for your concern Joseph, all the 3-wheelers here run on battery operated engines with the power of 800cc. And they recharge their batteries by electricity from hydropower, so zero emission.