Elementary Particle Physics - Science topic

The topics of \blockquote{{\it Genes and Memes: Part II}} relate to DNA and\index{genome} genome in several ways. \begin{enumerate} \item The almost exact symmetries of the code table with respect to the first letter lead to the proposal that the genetic code could has evolved from a simpler code involving only two letters and this leads to concr...

This book tries to give an overall view about quantum TGD as it stands now. The topics of this book are following. \begin{enumerate} \item In the first part of the book I will try to give an overall view about the evolution of TGD and about quantum TGD in its recent form. I cannot avoid the use of various concepts without detailed definitions and...

A data caching setup has been implemented for the High Energy Physics (HEP) computing infrastructure in Freiburg, Germany, as a possible alternative to local long-term storage. Files are automatically cached on disk upon first request by a client, can be accessed from cache for subsequent requests, and are deleted after predefined conditions are me...

This is the first of two companion papers in which we prove that the recently discovery non-perturbative mechanism capable of giving mass to elementary fermions can also generate a mass for the electro-weak bosons, when weak interactions are switched on, and can thus be used as a viable alternative to the Higgs scenario. We can show that the non-pe...

This is the second of two companion papers in which we continue developing the construction of an elementary particle model with no Higgs. Here we show that the recently identified non-perturbative field-theoretical mechanism, alternative to the Higgs scenario and capable of giving masses to quarks, Tera-quarks and $W$, is also able to give masses...

The 21st century is the Information Age, characterised by an economy based on information computerisation. In this new era of computing, the role of physics is becoming crucial and practical. Thus, physics is not seen anymore as an abstract and purely academic endeavour. This study addresses physics inventions' contributions to computer science, so...

Understanding the hydrogen atom has been at the heart of modern physics. Exploring the symmetry of the most fundamental two body system has led to advances in atomic physics, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and elementary particle physics. In this pedagogic review we present an integrated treatment of the symmetries of the Schrodinger h...

There has been a growing interest in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. The key concepts of quantum mechanics are quantum fluctuations. Quantum fluctuations of quantum fields confined in a finite-size system induce the zero-point energy shift. This quantum phenomenon, the Casimir effect, is one of the most striking phenomena of quantum mechanics in t...

Recent experimental results on muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment have shown a $4.2\sigma$ tension with the SM prediction, which has blown a fresh wind into the elementary particle physics community. The problem is believed to be explained only by physics beyond the standard model. Current work considers the anomalous moment in a scenario of mod...

In addition to classical analytical data processing methods, machine learning methods are widely used for data analysis in elementary particle physics. Most often, such techniques are used to identify a particular class of events (the classification problem) or to predict a certain event parameter (the regression problem). Here, we present the resu...

The history of development and development of the underground space is known since the time of the first settlements in cave-like structures on the territory of modern Turkey, Tunisia, and the Crimean Peninsula. In the course of the evolutionary development of science and technology, the fields of astrophysics, nuclear physics, and elementary parti...

The principle of conservation of angular momentum, a foundational concept in classical mechanics, holds significant importance in various branches of physics, ranging from elementary particle physics to astrophysics. Despite its crucial importance, the teaching of this principle often lacks compelling and intuitive demonstrations. This paper presen...

Quantum fluctuations are the key concepts of quantum mechanics. Quantum fluctuations of quantum fields induce a zero-point energy shift under spatial boundary conditions. This quantum phenomenon, called the Casimir effect, has been attracting much attention beyond the hierarchy of energy scales, ranging from elementary particle physics to condensed...

In relativistic quantum field theory, the vacuum state contains quantum fluctuations which have important implications for atomic physics (the Lamb shift in hydrogen spectroscopy), elementary particle physics (electron-positron creation in quantum electrodynamics) and gravity (the Unruh effect and Hawking radiation). The Unruh effect was studied in...

This article is about particle accelerators at the intensity frontier for elementary particle physics research around the world. The article emphasizes on Fermilab in US and JPARC in Japan.

The present comprehensive chapter would stimulate to overview historical backgrounds and recent topics, regarding C (charge conjugation), P (parity), T (time reversal), CP (charge-parity), PT (parity-time), and CT (charge-time) violations in the framework of CPT (charge-parity-time) invariance in cosmology, elementary particle physics, subatomic an...

The study of the internal structure of neutrons has been a key focus of elementary particle physics since the 1960s. This can be done through electron-neutron scattering experiments. To achieve high levels of precision, it is necessary to consider the contribution of two-photon exchange radiative corrections, which can be either elastic or inelasti...

An algorithm to find the roots and poles of a complex function depending on two arguments (one complex and one real) is proposed. Such problems are common in many fields of science for instance in electromagnetism, acoustics, stability analyses, spectroscopy, optics, and elementary particle physics. The proposed technique belongs to the class of gl...

The article considers new approaches to four of Zeno?s paradoxes: the Arrow, Achilles and the Tortoise, the Dichotomy, and the Stadium. The paradoxes are analyzed in the light of current research in the field of elementary particle physics and some promising directions in the development of the quantum gravity. Physical theories, provided with the...

KEK electron positron injector LINAC initiated the injection operation into Photon Factory (PF) light source in 1982. Since then for 39 years, it has served for multiple projects, namely, TRISTAN, PF-AR, KEKB, and SuperKEKB. Its total operation time has accumulated 200 thousand hours on May 7, 2020. We are extremely proud of the achievement followi...

Abstract 1195 Mass-action law dynamic theory/algorithm based top-down general bioinformatics Ting-Chao Chou, PD Science LLC Two fundamentally different concepts and informatics are discussed for biomedical R&D. The traditional biomedical R&D is an observation-based “Bottom Up” approach, with specific aims, proposal, methods, and feasible conclusio...

The $\varphi^{4}$ theory is widely used in many areas of physics, from cosmology and elementary particle physics to biophysics and condensed matter theory. Topological defects, or kinks, in this theory describe stable, solitary wave excitations. In practice, these excitations, as they propagate, necessarily interact with impurities or imperfections...

This paper presents a new analysis of the observations of radon decay in an enclosed environment by the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI) between 2007 and 2012 [4]; for a more complete list of experiments performed by GSI on radon see also references [1-3]. The data exhibit a large peak around local noon followed by an abrupt drop, and by a second...

The main topic to be addressed is the search for a new source of energy: light. Electromagnetism has been the energy that has most changed civilisation in the last two centuries. The emergence of photonics instead of electronics is a new challenge. Photonics is the clean energy to look for. The 20th century was that of electrons. Several innovation...

This Vision Paper was submitted to the Call for Vision Papers by the Elementary Particle Physics: Progress and Promise (EPP-2024) committee formed by The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study to assess key science questions that will drive research in the field of elementary particle physics for the next decad...

Considerando que para o ensino de física no Ensino Médio adota-se, geralmente, nas escolas públicas o livro didático aprovado pelo Programa Nacional do Livro e Material Didático (PNLD) e que esse pode ser o único referencial para professores e estudantes, ocorreu-nos a seguinte questão: o livro didático pode efetivamente assumir esse protagonismo q...

Information is what tells us about the world. Could we think of physical reality itself as consisting just of information? Could the universe represent over the time the most general collection of logical codes? If we think of information as expressed in terms of binary codes, we could interpret binary sets as spatial arrangements of energy, giving...

By 1933, the class of generally accepted elementary particles comprised the electron, the photon, the proton as well as newcomers in the shape of the neutron, the positron, and the neutrino. During the following decade, a new and poorly understood particle, the mesotron or meson, was added to the list. By paying close attention to the names of thes...

The muon linac project for the precise measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments, which is currently one of the hottest issues of the elementary particle physics, is in progress at J-PARC. The muons from the J-PARC muon facility are once cooled to room temper- ature, then accelerated up to 212 MeV with a normalized emit...

O ensino da Física de Partículas Elementares (FPE), com a escassez de materiais didáticos da Física Moderna e Contemporânea no ensino médio, percebemos a necessidade de elaborar uma sequência didática com o suporte das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), na aprendizagem baseada em jogos digitais. O ensino de física já era muito complica...

The physics of the mysterious and stealthy neutrino is at the heart of many phenomena in the cosmos. These particles interact with matter and with each other through the aptly named weak interaction. At typical astrophysical energies the weak interaction is some twenty orders of magnitude weaker than the electromagnetic interaction. However, in the...

What nature is telling me about the grand unified theory. Basics and applications in the fields "elementary particle physics" and "spin physics".

Hans Reichenbach’s posthumous book The Direction of Time ends somewhere between Socratic aporia and historical irony. Prompted by Feynman’s diagrammatic formulation of quantum electrodynamics, Reichenbach eventually abandoned the delicate balancing between the macroscopic foundation of the direction of time and microscopic descriptions of time orde...

The history of the Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is traced from the beginning of the 20th century, with the arrival of Antonio Garbasso as Director (1913), to the 1960s. Thanks to Garbasso's expertise, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, where the Astronomical Observatory was already located, but it al...

Quantum theory is the most important part of quantum physics. In simple terms, this theory describes the movement, behavior and interaction of microscopic particles. The theory of quantum physics about the behavior and interaction of microscopic particles formed the basis for condensed matter physics, elementary particle physics, and high energy ph...

In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of a Higgs boson at a mass of around 125 gigaelectronvolts. Ten years later, and with the data corresponding to the production of a 30-times larger number of Higgs bosons, we have learnt much more about the properties of the Higgs boson. The C...

KEK electron positron injector LINAC initiated the injection operation into Photon Factory (PF) light source in 1982. Since then for 39 years, it has served for multiple projects, namely, TRISTAN, PF-AR, KEKB, and SuperKEKB. Its total operation time has accumulated 200 thousand hours on May 7, 2020. We are extremely proud of the achievement followi...

We review the work of Klaus Hasselmann, one of three recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021, from the perspective of computational science and engineering (CSE). In addition to highlighting Hasselmann’s extensive contributions to climate science, we shine a light on his groundbreaking work in ocean surface wave dynamics and prediction, which...

In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of a Higgs boson at a mass of around 125 GeV. Ten years later, and with the data corresponding to the production of 30 times larger number of Higgs bosons, we have learnt much more about the properties of the Higgs boson. The CMS experiment ha...

Hans Reichenbach’s posthumous book The Direction of Time ends somewhere between Socratic aporia and historical irony. Prompted by Feynman’s diagrammatic formulation of quantum electrodynamics, Reichenbach eventually abandoned the delicate balancing between the macroscopic foundation of the direction of time and microscopic descriptions of order und...

The Hadron Experimental Facility at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex is used for various nuclear and elementary particle physics experiments that use secondary particle beams. The secondary-particle production target is a key element for the generation of particles such as kaons and pions. To increase beam power, a new target was devel...

Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles ‎in physics. As such, if ‎there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, the magnetic charge will most likely be a ‎conserved quantity like electric ‎charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have reported ‎the possibility, th...

A bstract The measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE ν NS) experiments have opened up the possibility to constrain neutrino physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics. Furthermore, by considering neutrino-electron scattering in the keV-energy region, it is possible to set additional limits on new phys...

We present a pedagogical Mathematica package, so-called SpaceMath, for Beyond the Standard Model parameter space searches. This software is directed mainly for the training of human resources related to elementary particle physics phenomenology, however, it is sophisticated enough to be used in researches. In this first version, SpaceMath v1.0 work...

In our universe, distances have increased since the Big Bang. This is directly indicated by the redshift of distant galaxies or of the cosmic microwave background. Usually, that increase of distances is explained by a continuous expansion of space according to general relativity. However, that explanation is very incomplete. This is indicated by th...

Formulation of the problem. Precision studies of the Higgs boson, supersymmetric particles, the magnetic moment of the muon, electric dipole moment of the electron, flavor anomalies demonstrate the deviation beyond Standard Model. They are connected with a new understanding of quantum field theory through the unification of gravity with particl...

Some of the most fundamental questions of physicists are what the universe is constructed by, or why the building blocks of our universe (i.e., the elementary particles) present so particular characteristics (e.g., particular mass, electrical charge, and/or spin). In this work, for the first time, we have demonstrated that all properties of electro...

Nesse artigo, analisaremos o processo de constituição de uma agenda própria na física de partículas elementares de um grupo de jovens físicos, brasileiros e estrangeiros, que atuou na segunda metade dos anos 1940, tomando o Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) como a instituição referência onde esse esforço foi implementado. Através de um...

Analogies between non-trivial topologies of matter and light have inspired numerous studies, including defect formation in structured light and topological photonic band structures. Three-dimensional topological objects of localised particle-like nature attract broad interest across discipline boundaries from elementary particle physics and cosmolo...

MegaScience projects are unique scientific experiments and facilities of a large scale that were initiated to allow to go beyond modern knowledge in the field of fundamental sciences and open up new opportunities in the technological development. The implementation of such complex projects requires the combined efforts of many scientists and instit...

Group theory is a powerful tool for studying symmetric physical systems. Such systems include, in particular, molecules and crystals with symmetry. Group theory serves to explain the most important characteristics of atomic spectra. Group theory is also applied to the problems of atomic and nuclear physics. This paper gives examples of the use of t...

The Standard Model and Quantum Mechanics studies the quantum world as a collection of probabilistically interacting particles and does not tell us what a single isolated particle like the electron is, thus its intrinsic detailed field mechanics and how these are generating its intrinsic property values like charge, spin, magnetic moment and handedn...

Elementary particle physics is a contemporary topic in science that is slowly being integrated into high-school education. These new implementations are challenging teachers’ professional knowledge worldwide. Therefore, physics education research is faced with two important questions, namely, how can particle physics be integrated in high-school ph...

Quantum systems with a finite number of states at all times have been a primary element of many physical models in nuclear and elementary particle physics, as well as in condensed matter physics. Today, however, due to a practical demand in the area of developing quantum technologies, a whole set of novel tasks for improving our understanding of th...

In an increasingly technologically demanding world, knowledge and skills within natural sciences, technology and engineering are crucial for development of competitiveness of individuals and societies. Thus, recent decades many countries are emphasizing and planning to introduce the STEM fields in education systems as early as possible, including b...

A bstract For nearly a century, studying cosmic-ray air showers has driven progress in our understanding of elementary particle physics. In this work, we revisit the production of millicharged particles in these atmospheric showers and provide new constraints for XENON1T and Super-Kamiokande and new sensitivity estimates of current and future detec...

Electromagnetic phenomena is based on electric charge and spin. However, Maxwell equations are just macroscopic. There is a microscopic EM phenomena to be understood. A performance originated from electric charge microscopic behavior. Thus, keeping on mind the two basic EM postulates, which are light invariance and charge conservation, Maxwell is e...

Seit mehr als 70 Jahren sind Feynman-Diagramme (FD) aus der Elementarteilchenphysik kaum mehr wegzudenken, da sie komplexe Rechnungen auf eine kompakte Weise veranschaulichen. Dies wird vielfach auch für die Behandlung im Schulunterricht genutzt.Aus fachdidaktischer und lerntheoretischer Sicht wird der Nutzen verschiedener Repräsentationsformen zum...

The measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) experiments have opened up the possibility to constrain neutrino physics beyond the standard model of elementary particle physics. Furthermore, by considering neutrino-electron scattering in the keV-energy region, it is possible to set additional limits on new physics proc...

While the standard model is the most successful theory to describe all the interactions and constituents of elementary particle physics, it has been constantly scrutinized for over four decades. Weak decays of charm quarks can be used to measure the coupling strength between quarks in different families and serve as an ideal probe for CP violation....

Neste artigo o quark foi colocado como objeto central de uma investigação histórica e epistemológica embasada nos fundamentos da epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard sobre a construção do conhecimento da Física no século XX. O trabalho do filósofo francês foi utilizado para refletir sobre a construção deste objeto de estudo que vem sendo amplamente di...

Neutrinos are perhaps the most elusive particles in our Universe. Neutrino physics could be counted as a benchmark for various new theories in elementary particle physics and also for the better understanding of the evolution of the Universe. To complete the neutrino picture, the missing information whether it is about their mass or their nature th...

The MEG experiment took data at the Paul Scherrer Institute in the years 2009–2013 to test the violation of the lepton flavor conservation law, which originates from an accidental symmetry that the Standard Model of elementary particle physics has, and published the most stringent limit on the charged lepton flavor violating decay μ+→e+γ: BR(μ+→e+γ...

Quantum systems with a finite number of states at all times have been a primary element of many physical models in nuclear and elementary particle physics, as well as in condensed matter physics. Today, however, due to a practical demand in the area of developing quantum technologies, a whole set of novel tasks for improving our understanding of th...

Universe: Unified from Microcosm to Macrocosm Series The observable universe ranges from huge galaxies near the light horizon at a distance of 4.1 · 10^26 m, via elementary particles at a hierarchy of scales, towards smallest objects at the Planck scale at lengths of 1.6 · 10^-35 m. How did these very different objects form and develop? We presen...

The observable universe ranges from huge galaxies near the light horizon at a distance of 4.1 ∙ 10^26 m, via elementary particles at a hierarchy of scales, towards smallest objects at the Planck scale at lengths of 1.6 ∙ 10^-35 m. How did these very different objects form and develop? We present an answer by deriving a physically founded and critic...

The central theme in physics has always been the mechanism of energy interactions that lead to the emergence and decay of material structures. It is a new version of the ontological question of all times and cultures about the appearance of order out of chaos. The old answer included the hypothesis of God as the creator of matter. It provided an e...

Elementary particle physics is a domain of physics that uses the scientific method to describe the fundamental building blocks of matter and the elementary interactions between them [1]. In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown. Thus, it is unknown whether it is composed of othe...

Gauge theories form the foundation of modern physics, with applications ranging from elementary particle physics and early-universe cosmology to condensed matter systems. We demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior, such as the approach to thermal equilibrium, by quantum simulating the fundamental unitary dynamics of a U(1) symmetric gauge field...

This Special Issue presents a comprehensive picture of the Casimir effect as a multidisciplinary subject that plays an important role in diversified areas of physics ranging from quantum field theory, atomic physics and condensed matter physics to elementary particle physics, gravitation and cosmology [...]

Our paper studies the anatomy of the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider and its influence on the broader model landscape of particle physics. We investigate the phases of this discovery, which led to a crucial reconfiguration of the model landscape of elementary particle physics and eventually to a confirmation of the standar...

We propose an extension of the scalaron-Higgs model by a non-minimal coupling of the Standard Model Higgs boson to the quadratic Ricci scalar resulting in a Higgs-dependent scalaron mass. The model predicts a successful stage of effective single-field Starobinsky inflation. It features a multi-field amplification mechanism leading to a peak in the...

For nearly a century, studying cosmic-ray air showers has driven progress in our understanding of elementary particle physics. In this work, we revisit the production of millicharged particles in these atmospheric showers and provide new constraints for XENON1T and Super-Kamiokande and new sensitivity estimates of current and future detectors, such...

The importance of Octahedral Symmetry (Oh) to the results of the Dimensional Gate Operator (DGO) Standard Model is abundantly clear. Octahedral Symmetry links the quaternions to the various Lie Groups and Spin Groups and therefore shows the deep relationship between the DGO conception of the Standard Model and the more conventional approach.

The fundamental symmetries, charge conjugation (C), parity (P) and time reversal (T), play a significant role in the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics. Of these, T symmetry and the combined CP symmetry are the least well understood, and they hold valuable clues for unraveling the secrets of nature. All subatomic particles are postu...

Consistency of Weyl natural gauge, Lorentz gauge and nonlinear gauge is studied in Weyl geometry. Field equations in generalized Weyl-Dirac theory show that spinless electron and photon are topological defects. Statistical metric and fluctuating metric in 3D space with time as a measure of spatial relations are discussed to propose a statistical in...

Background, Personal Life and Discoveries Alexander Animalu was born into the family of Mr Michael Nwakudu Animalu and Mrs Nkenwa Animalu. It was a large family with Alexander being his parents’ fifth child. His research over the years has made remarkable contributions in the area of solid state and elementary particle physics. Animalu is an author...

Based on the results of quantum field theory and quantum electrodynamics on virtual photons as quanta of electromagnetic interaction, we discuss the interpretation of quantum indeterminacy, uncertainty relations, and physics, which determine the probabilistic statistical character of quantum phenomena. We discuss the fundamental reasons for the app...

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is currently being built in Darmstadt, Germany. The SIS100 accelerator is at the heart of FAIR and will provide proton and heavy-ion beams for a variety of experiments. There are four main research pillars at FAIR specialized in the field of nuclear, hadron and elementary particle physics, atomic...