Electron Microscopy - Science method

Mammalian epididymal epithelial cells are crucial for sperm maturation. Historically, vacuole-like ultrastructures in epididymal epithelial cells were observed via transmission electron microscopy but were undefined. Here, we utilize volume electron microscopy (vEM) to generate 3D reconstructions of epididymal epithelial cells and identify these va...

Accurate segmentation of objects in microscopy images remains a bottleneck for many researchers despite the number of tools developed for this purpose. Here, we present Segment Anything for Microscopy (μSAM), a tool for segmentation and tracking in multidimensional microscopy data. It is based on Segment Anything, a vision foundation model for imag...

Ultrafast electron microscopy aims for imaging transient phenomena occurring on nanoscale. One of its goals is to visualize localized optical and plasmonic modes generated by coherent excitation in the vicinity of various types of nanostructures. Such imaging capability was enabled by photon-induced near-field optical microscopy, which is based on...

Over the past few decades, following the first demonstration of ultrafast electron microscopy, numerous research groups have focused on achieving attosecond temporal resolution in electron microscopy with the goal of imaging electron and atomic motion. Recently, several studies have claimed to achieve attosecond temporal resolution in imaging(1-3)....

The effect of electron irradiation on two-dimensional (2D) materials is an important topic, both for the correct interpretation of electron microscopy experiments and for possible applications in electron lithography. After the importance of including inelastic scattering damage in theoretical models describing beam damage and the lack of oxygen se...

We analytically describe the noise properties of a heralded electron source made from a standard electron gun, a weak photonic coupler, a single photon counter, and an electron energy filter. We describe the sub-Poissonian statistics of the source, the engineering requirements for efficient heralding, and several potential applications. We use simp...

Directional couplers are a fundamental building block in integrated photonics, particularly in quantum applications and optimization-based design where precision is critical. Accurate functionality is crucial to ensure reliable operation within classical and quantum circuits. However, discrepancies between simulations and measurements are frequentl...

Rising global concentrations of environmental microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) drive concerns for human exposure and health outcomes. Complementary methods for the robust detection of tissue MNPs, including pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron microsco...

Precious metals such as Pt are favoured as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their excellent catalytic activity. However, the scarcity and high cost of precious metals have prompted researchers to explore cheaper alternatives such as Cu. Nevertheless, Cu shows poor catalytic performance due to weak binding with intermediate...

Microscopy enables detailed visualization and understanding of minute structures or processes. While cameras have significantly advanced optical, infrared, and electron microscopy, imaging nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals on a camera has remained elusive. Here, we employ nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond as a quantum sensor, which convert...

Curved double-walled carbon nanotubes (CDWCNTs) are crucial components in nanoelectronics, mechanical sensors, and composite materials due to their unique geometry and structural properties. Electron microscopy images have revealed that carbon nanotubes are rarely perfectly straight, often exhibiting curvature or waviness along their length due to...

Single crystal (SC) particle morphologies are attracting significant attention as an alternative to polycrystalline (PC) secondary particles within battery cathodes, to circumvent the degradation paths associated with weak grain boundaries. In the pristine state, the key cathode material LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) exhibits anisotropic mechanical...

Spin waves, or magnons, are essential for next-generation energy-efficient spintronics and magnonics. Yet, visualizing spin-wave dynamics at nanoscale and microwave frequencies remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of spin-sensitive, time-resolved microscopy. Here we report a breakthrough in imaging dipole-exchange spin waves in a ferromag...

The behavior of impurities in cast copper was investigated to simulate production with increased utilization of secondary sources within the framework of a circular economy. The incorporation of impurities, particularly Ni, Sn, and Sb, from recycled Cu may significantly impact the electrorefining process. In this study, commercial anodes were doped...

Objective This study aims to investigate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during pregnancy on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation in the brain tissues of rat offspring. Materials and methods Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CON) and SCH group. BS-seq sequencing was used to analyze mtDNA methylat...

Surface plasmons offer a promising avenue in the pursuit of swift and localized manipulation of magnetism for advanced magnetic storage and information processing technology. However, observing and understanding spatiotemporal interactions between surface plasmons and spins remains challenging, hindering optimal optical control of magnetism. Here,...

The microstructure of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel is hierarchical, and on a fine scale, it contains cell structures and dislocations. These microstructures define the mechanical properties, and it is thus of importance to quantify them and understand their thermal stability. This study investigates the heterogeneity of the microstr...

The development of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represents a significant advancement in therapeutic antibody design, enabling the simultaneous targeting of two different antigens. This dual-targeting capability enhances therapeutic efficacy, particularly in complex diseases like cancer, where tumor heterogeneity presents a significant challenge fo...

Microstructure optimization and high‐performance material development are crucial for improving the electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Researchers frequently record numerous micro‐scale or nano‐scale electron micrographs for unbiased post‐mortem analysis, performance evaluation, and improvement of ASSBs. However, thes...

The widely expressed adapter protein SH2B1 was initially identified as a binding partner and substrate of tyrosine kinase JAK2. SH2B1β potentiates JAK2 activation in response to different ligands, including growth hormone, leptin and prolactin. SH2B1β has been implicated in cell motility and regulation of actin rearrangement in response to growth h...

electron microscopy before and after closure in atrophic rhinitis

The effect of carbon redistribution during long-term operation of equipment operating in different hydrogenating environments and at different operating pressures is described. It was revealed that microstructural decarburization in damaged equipment was caused by carbon diffusion from the pearlite grain body and its accumulation along the grain bo...

Atomic coordinate models are important in the interpretation of 3D maps produced with cryoEM and sub-tomogram averaging in cryoET, or more generically, 3D electron microscopy (3DEM). In addition to visual inspection of such maps and models, quantitative metrics convey the reliability of the atomic coordinates, in particular how well the model is su...

Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are crucial targets for neuropsychiatric therapeutics owing to their role in controlling neuronal excitability and the established link between their dysfunction and neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of identifying modulators with distinct mechanisms. Here we report two small-molecule modulators w...

For nearly 60 years, cold field emitters have been the source of choice for electron microscopy due to their high brightness and relatively low energy spread. In this paper, we have examined an alternative: nanoscale electron sources based on near-threshold photoemission. While these sources have not yet been realized, they hold the potential to pr...

Quantifying prediction uncertainty when applying object detection models to new, unlabeled datasets is critical in applied machine learning. This study introduces an approach to estimate the performance of deep learning-based object detection models for quantifying defects in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, focusing on detecting irra...

Effective visualization of 3D microscopy data is essential for communicating biological results. While scientific 3D rendering software is specifically designed for this purpose, it often lacks the flexibility found in non-scientific software like Blender, which is a free and open-source 3D graphics platform. However, loading microscopy data in Ble...

Silicon (Si) acts as an amphoteric impurity in gallium arsenide (GaAs), occupying various sites and exhibiting different coordination structures within the material. In this study, we employed electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical simulations to analyze the Si-occupied sites and local coordination structures at concent...

The article characterizes Ti minerals from different mineral assemblages of the Aktash magnetite-polymetallic deposit (Western Karamazar, Northern Tajikistan). Anatase, ferrous pyrophanite, perovskite, calzirtite, zirconolite and titanite are described in ores of the deposit and most of these minerals are found for the frst time in both the Aktash...

Electron microscopy (EM) has revolutionized our understanding of cellular structures at the nanoscale. Accurate image segmentation is required for analyzing EM images. While manual segmentation is reliable, it is labor-intensive, incentivizing the development of automated segmentation methods. Although deep learning-based segmentation has shown pro...

Candida albicans causes more than 400,000 life-threatening, and half a billion mucosal infections annually. In response to infection, the host limits availability of essential micronutrients, including zinc, to restrict growth of the invading pathogen. As assimilation of zinc is essential for C. albicans pathogenicity, its limitation induces the se...

The properties and device applications of 2D semiconductors are highly sensitive to intrinsic structural defects due to their ultrathin nature. CuInSe2 (CIS) materials own excellent optoelectronic properties and ordered copper vacancies, making them widely applicable in photovoltaic and photodetection fields. However, the synthesis of 2D CIS nanofl...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has recently received increasing interest in molecular biology. This technique allows quick and reliable detection of biomolecules. However, studying RNA–protein complexes using AFM poses significant challenges. Here, we describe a simple and reliable method to visualize positively charged proteins bound to RNA that do...

The complex and uncontrolled morphological evolution of lithium metal at the interface with solid-state electrolytes limits performance of solid-state batteries, leading to inhomogeneous reactions and contact loss. Inspired by biological morphogenesis, we introduce a new interfacial self-regulation concept in which a deformable secondary phase dyna...

Applying a strong, constant electric field at single-C60 molecule protrusions formed on a metallic substrate can cause electrons to be emitted from individual single molecules into a vacuum. The shapes of such single molecular electron sources reflect the shapes of the molecular orbitals from which the electrons originate. By illuminating the sourc...

Recently, analytical research has confirmed the use of pigments in Iberian Iron Age freestanding sculpture. However, hard evidence of polychromy on the many preserved remains of architectural sculpture is still scarce. We focus on the case of a large block decorated with reliefs, probably dated to the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 4th cent...

The spontaneous bending of core-shell nanowires through asymmetric shell deposition has implications for sensors, enabling both parallel fabrication and creating advantageous out-of-plane nanowire sensor geometries. This study investigates the impact of shell deposition geometry on the shell distribution and bending of GaAs-InP core-shell nanowires...

A novel solid electrolyte sensor with considerably improved response times is presented. The new so-called eFIPEX [etched flux (Φ) probe experiment] is based on the FIPEX [flux (Φ) probe experiment] sensor applied for the measurement of molecular and atomic oxygen concentrations. A main application is the measurement of atmospheric atomic oxygen ab...

Intelligent neural networks are used efficiently for image classification and recognition in various scientific areas. One of the most important of these areas is nanoscience. Researchers are currently seeking to apply various deep learning neural networks models for fast and intelligent prediction and recognition of nanostructures based on scannin...

Dynein-1 is a microtubule motor responsible for the transport of cytoplasmic cargoes. Activation of motility requires it first overcome an autoinhibited state prior to its assembly with dynactin and a cargo adaptor. Studies suggest that Lis1 may relieve dynein's autoinhibited state. However, evidence for this mechanism is lacking. We first set out...

During bidirectional cavo-pulmonary anastomosis (bidirectional Glenn; BDG), the thymic tissue is often excised to facilitate the exposure of the superior vena cava and its junction with the innominate vein. Subsequently, it is discarded. Since the last two decades, the lead author (ST) has pursued anchoring the excised thymus in its position by sut...

The paper considers the structure and corrosion properties of ultrafine-grained magnesium alloys Mg-1Zn and Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca processed by high pressure torsion (HPT). The average grain size and phase composition of particles were determined by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The corrosion rate in the studied samples in the homogenize...

We have successfully synthesized FeCr nanostructured powders via a high-energy ball milling process. The effect of the chromium (Cr) concentration on the structural, magnetic, and hyperfine properties of Fe100−xCrx (x = 2.5, 7.5, 12.5, 17.5, and 20 at.%) nanostructured powders were investigated. For the low Cr concentrations, the X-ray diffraction...

This work demonstrates an electrostatic assembly strategy for the facet-selective deposition of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXenes) onto anisotropic single-crystal semiconducting metal oxides. By precisely controlling the solution pH, we modulated the surface charge of the MXenes and the distinct crystallographic facets of the m...

This work focuses on the photoelectrochemical and semicondictrise study of the corrosion layer formed in the dark on Pb and PbSn alloys in a 0.5M H2SO4solution: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Linear Sweeping Voltage (LSV), Mott-Schottky plots and photocurrent measurements. The composition was determined respectively by XRD diffractio...

This study examines the impact of various abrasive balls and sliding loads on WC-12Co coatings. For this purpose, 4 N, 8 N, and 12 N loads were applied to the WC-12Co composite coatings with Al2O3 and Si3N4 balls. WC-12 Co composite was deposited by the high-velocity oxygen fuel method on the AISI 304 substrate. The wear tests were conducted in acc...

Mn‐rich disordered rocksalt materials with Li‐excess (DRX) materials have emerged as a promising class of earth‐abundant and energy‐dense next‐generation cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Recently, an electrochemical transformation to a spinel‐like “δ” phase has been reported in Mn‐rich DRX materials, with improved capacity, rate capabil...

For the first time, the ultrastructure of the metasoma tegument of the developing acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus beringianus (Neoechinorhynchidae) was studied at representatives of the Eoacanthocephala class. Completely developed acanthellae of this species were shown to have no cyst, which is a characteristic feature of cystacanths of similar d...

This paper explores the enhancement of cavitation and corrosion resistance in cast stainless steel through laser beam surface remelting. The influence of laser treatment on material properties was assessed by analyzing the microstructure using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Cavitation erosion was evaluated in tap wa...

Whether time-modulated pulsed-electron imaging in ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) can mitigate the electron radiation damage that occurs to samples, is still controversial. The effectiveness of such mitigation effect and relevant potential application in cryo-EM remain to be explored. Herein, we built an ultrafast cryo-EM (cryo-UEM) device base...

It is now possible to generate large volumes of high-quality images of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution and in near-native states using cryogenic electron microscopy/electron tomography (Cryo-EM/ET). However, the precise annotation of structures like filaments and membranes remains a major barrier towards applying these methods in high-throug...

Premessa Dal 3 al 11 Luglio 2024 il vulcano Stromboli ha manifestato una intensa sequenza di eruzioni di flussi lavici accoppiati a spattering e a diverse esplosioni parossistiche che hanno depositato ceneri finissime di colore ocra ricoprenti l'intera montagna. Il fatto che appare nuovo è che la cenere depositata in questi eventi sulla superficie...

Controlling the magnetic domain propagation is the key to realize ultrafast, high-density domain wall-based memory and logic devices for next generation computing. Two-Dimensional (2D) Van der Waals materials introduce localized modifications to the interfacial magnetic order, which could enable efficient control over the propagation of magnetic do...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the technology of granular ceramic aggregate based on clay of Atyrau deposit, with a focus on improving the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete to achieve best efficiency and sustainability in construction. The methods employed in this study included chemical analysis, X-ray phase analysis, ele...