Electromagnetic Fields - Science topic

The dynamics of an electron interacting, in an infinite three-dimensional vacuum in an inertial system, with an electromagnetic field (an incoming radiation and the field generated by the electron) is revisited. The initial conditions are given in the infinitely remote past. Classical and quantum descriptions (with a cut-off) are considered, focusi...

This paper introduces the foundations of a theory of local interactions in an informational space-time, extending the previous informational gravitational model. In particular, we construct a formalism that incorporates local gauge fields (electromagnetic, SU(2), SU(3)) within the infon field p(x, t), via a covariant derivative, a connection of the...

Frequency‐domain soil parameters have an important influence on the response of earthing systems subject to impulse current. To estimate the frequency domain parameters of horizontal multi‐layered soil effectively and quickly, a novel estimation strategy based on a nonhomogeneous cuckoo search algorithm (NoCuSa) is proposed. Firstly, NoCuSa is appl...

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can produce a confined electromagnetic field near the metal–dielectric interface, allowing energy to be compressed into a scale smaller than the optical diffraction limit. The characteristic enables the fabrication of sub-wavelength-sized, ultra-low-threshold, ultrafast, specific polarization, room-temperature lasi...

Tailoring the reactive helicity and momentum of electromagnetic fields has emerged as a unique way to control light-matter interaction. In this paper, we explore these reactive quantities in hybrid polarized vector beams (HPVBs) that are tightly focused through a high NA objective. By precisely controlling polarization parameter and topological cha...

Research on micro-robots in the field of medicine has introduced innovative methods for treating various diseases. This study aims to expand the application of controllable micromechanical diagnoses and treatment within human blood vessels by designing a magnetic levitation ball system in a fluid-filled circular tube. The system enables a magnetic...

Epigenetic DNA methylations are linked to the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. A reliable and label‐free method to quantitatively measure DNA methylation levels is essential for diagnosing and monitoring methylation‐related diseases. Herein, plasmonic molecular entrapment (PME) method assisted SERS as facile strat...

Pair creation by a γ ray in a high-intensity electromagnetic field (the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process) is sensitive to the γ -ray polarization. Here we study the stability required in order to measure this polarization dependence in a head-on collision between a high-power linearly polarized laser and a relativistic electron beam, where the γ ray...

Lenzi and Sopuerta developed a new method to construct master functions for the perturbation of vacuum black holes. We extend this method to black holes coupled with electromagnetic field and cosmological constant by allowing the master functions to be linear combinations of the metric and electromagnetic-potential perturbations, as well as their f...

The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy center in diamond is widely used for quantum sensing due to the sensitivity of the spin triplet in the electronic ground state to external perturbations such as strain and electromagnetic fields, which makes it an excellent probe for changes in these perturbations. The spin state can be measured through optic...

We consider a single layer of graphene subjected to a magnetic field $H$ applied perpendicular to the layer and an in-plane constant radial electric field $E$. The Dirac equation for this configuration does not admit analytical solutions in terms of known special functions. Using the WKB approximation, we demonstrate that for gapped graphene the Bo...

The energy distribution of positrons was investigated during the interaction of ultra-relativistic electrons with a petawatt-scale laser pulse. This study aims to elucidate the fundamental physics of lepton pair production by examining the interplay between two key mechanisms in the laser field: nonlinear Compton scattering and the nonlinear Breit-...

In heavy-ion collisions, elliptic flow (v2) quantifies the azimuthal anisotropy in particle emission, reflecting the medium’s response to initial spatial anisotropies. The presence of Electromagnetic fields produced by the fast moving protons in the nucleus can modify this flow, causing a splitting of v2 between the produced particles and antiparti...

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become increasingly prevalent in modern life, with connected devices permeating various aspects of daily activities. However, these IoT systems are susceptible to physical‐layer attacks, wherein adversaries can exploit electromagnetic fields to compromise their security attacks. A particular concern arises from the...

The theoretical description of optical forces and torques on micron-sized particles is a crucial area of research and has formed the foundation for advancements in optical trapping and manipulation technologies. In this study, we derive analytical expressions for optical forces and torques on micron-sized spherical particles illuminated by focused...

We propose a superconducting ratchet-induced Hall effect (RHE), characterized by the emergence of a unidirectional, rectified flux of fluctuating Cooper pairs in a two-dimensional thin film exposed to an external electromagnetic field. The RHE is a second-order response with respect to the electromagnetic field amplitude. It consists of a nonzero p...

With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for electricity is increasing day by day, due to the inconsistency of China's energy distribution and power load demand, high-voltage transmission wires play a key role in China's power grid because of its high capacity and low loss. Split wires are an essential part of high-voltage AC trans...

The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is one of the primary factors influencing the Martian plasma environment. In this study, a multifluid magnetohydrodynamic model is adopted to investigate how variations in IMF affect planetary ion escape, particularly the tailward escape flux. Our results reveal that for nominal IMF direction ( 56 ° Parker sp...

In addition to natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs), so-called artificial electromagnetic fields exist in the biosphere, with mobile communications being one of their main sources. This study aimed to determine the impact of EMF at a frequency of 1800 MHz on the concentrations of selected hormones, sperm motility, viability, morphology and behavio...

The scientific interest raised by synapse phenomenons leads to increasing investigations on analytical aspects of the problem. In this paper, a mathematical system of PDEs, that describes biological aspects of synapses affected by electromagnetic fields, is considered. To highlight contributions of magnetic field, a class of travelling-wave solutio...

Computational spectrometers based on metasurfaces offer fast speeds and a compact volume, making them particularly suitable for portable applications. However, the permittivity of silicon has a large imaginary part in the violet band, deteriorating the performance of silicon computational spectrometers. Here, we propose metasurface spectrometers co...

In this work, inelastic scattering of bichromatic waves on a three-level superconducting system with successive relaxation of levels, which is strongly coupled to a waveguide serving as an open space, is experimentally studied. The first-order time-resolved correlation functions of the scattered electromagnetic field are obtained. It is shown that...

We demonstrate that, in the presence of an external magnetic field, an uncharged classical Schwarzschild black hole moving superluminally in a dielectric with permittivity ε > 1 produces Cherenkov emission. This is a new physical effect: classical (nonquantum) emission of electromagnetic waves by a completely charge-neutral “particle.” The governin...

Studying the influence of electromagnetic waves on the human body is often complex, as it directly depends on various factors, including the frequency, intensity, and polarization of the wave, as well as the properties of the tissues encountered. The effects of electromagnetic fields, particularly radiofrequencies, on health have been studied for s...

A brief analysis is made of some historical points involved in the consolidation of the theoretical concept of \textit{spin}, originally introduced to explain the structure of atomic spectra in the absence and presence of electromagnetic fields, in 1925, by Dutch physicists Samuel Abraham Goudsmit and George Eugene Uhlenbeck. Its relevance in the c...

This study investigates the effectiveness of an electromagnetic water treatment (EMWT) system in improving the physicochemical quality of tap water through a controlled laboratory-based experiment. The system applies pulsed electromagnetic fields to flowing water, eliminating the need for chemicals, membranes, or filtration media. Two tap water sam...

Conventional metal detectors rely on static electromagnetic field sensing techniques that often produce inaccurate or delayed results, especially in dynamic environments. This paper introduces a modern concept that enhances traditional metal detection by integrating AI/ML-driven intelligent controllers with electromagnetic field systems. These smar...

The classification of microwave technological processes (MWTP) variants, based on the use of electromagnetic energy of the microwave range super and extremely high frequencies (SHF and EHF), allows us to distinguish at least two characteristic classes. The first is low-intensity (information) MWTP. This class strictly includes the processes charact...

Structured light offers a powerful approach to tailor light-matter interactions in quantum systems with chiral properties. While chirality has been extensively studied in passive platforms, the role of optical gain in controlling chiral quantum dynamics remains largely unexplored. In this work, we develop a general theoretical framework to describe...

Laser-driven capacitor coils are widely used to generate intense magnetic fields for various applications in high-energy-density physics research. Accurate measurement of the magnetic fields is essential but challenging, due to the overlapping contributions from magnetic and electric fields in proton radiography, which is the primary tool diagnosin...

The controlled self-assembly of Janus particles via pH modulation offers an effective strategy for optimizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and Raman signal amplification. These asymmetric microparticles enable precise spatial organization, influencing plasmonic coupling and electromagnetic field distribution critical for SERS enhancemen...

Calculating the dynamics of charged particles in electromagnetic fields (i.e. the particle pushing problem) is one of the most computationally intensive components of particle-in-cell (PIC) methods for plasma physics simulations. This task is especially challenging when the plasma is strongly magnetized, since in this case the particle motion consi...

We derive the Carter constant as an integral of motion in the Kerr-Newman spacetime from the separability of motion in the polar plane, and show that it is an occurrence of a broader type of hidden symmetry specific to Petrov D spacetimes. The constant is consequently obtained through a Killing tensor constructed from a pair of principal null direc...

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, charged particles are accelerated to nearly the speed of light, and their external electromagnetic fields can be effectively approximated as quasi-real photons. These photons interact with another nucleus via photon-nuclear interactions, producing vector mesons. These vector mesons possess extremely low transve...

Two-photon processes in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have emerged as a critical probe of quantum electrodynamics in ultra-intense electromagnetic fields, with recent focus extending beyond dileptons to hadronic final states. At present, quantitative studies of di-hadron production via two-photon interactions remain scarce. In this work, we emp...

Einstein's theory of relativity was based on the horizontal interference experiments of Michelson and Morley in 1887, which showed no shift in the interference fringes. The null result of these experiments allowed Einstein to postulate the speed of light as a constant in an absolute empty vacuum that has no physical structure. We present new experi...

Electric field computation holds a significant position in electromagnetic field theory and its engineering applications. Particularly when addressing problems with complex boundary conditions, traditional numerical methods often encounter a trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy. This study proposes a novel conformal mapping frame...

The propagation characteristics of lightning electromagnetic fields(EMFs) in different terrains are of great significance for research on lightning disaster protection and lightning location. In this paper, we establish a simplified model of mountainous terrain and apply the CPML absorption boundary condition to simulate the lightning EMFs at diffe...

On basis of our particle theory and the energy of space, we have shown that what is known as the Casimir effect is no other than the miniscule lateral component of the gravitational force resulting from the experimental device itself. We disagree strongly with the commonly held explanation of the force as the Casimir plates doing a down-scaling of...

Given the increasing use of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) in high-voltage power systems, accurate prediction of internal temperature distribution is crucial for maintaining operational reliability and preventing failures caused by overheating. Traditional simulation methods, which only consider separate heat transfer or fluid dynamics, are inadequ...

In this paper, we present an asymptotic-preserving conservative Semi-Lagrangian (CSL) scheme for the Vlasov-Maxwell system in the quasi-neutral limit, where the Debye length is negligible compared to the macroscopic scales of interest. The proposed method relies on two key ingredients: the CSL scheme and a reformulated Maxwell equation (RME). The C...

A low-cost monitoring network, to measure radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure induced by 5G, is required for risk communication and to support research into long-term health and ecological effects related to 5G technologies. A low-cost triaxial 5G RF-EMF exposure sensor was designed, calibrated, and validated in the field, using a commer...

INFORME sobre los CAMBIOS FISICOQUÍMICOS en MASA CONGELADA y su EFECTO en la CALIDAD DEL PAN de la ULTRACONGELACIÓN en comparación con la CONGELACIÓN MAGNÉTICA PROTON. INTRODUCCIÓN Son varios los factores que juegan un papel fundamental para determinar la calidad del pan elaborado con masa congelada, entre los que se destacan: o la calidad de la m...

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) is the most common benign urological condition in males. It is a progressive condition associated with aging, affecting over 80% by age 80 and can affect quality of life. While the exact cause is not fully known, hormones, metabolic alterations, inflammation and vascular flow may be contributing causes of BPH. Med...

The system consisting of (2+1)-dimensional quasirelativistic birefringent Dirac fermions with Coulomb interactions and retarded current–current interactions is described by a quantum field theory similar to reduced quantum electrodynamics. We used the perturbative renormalization group method to study the low-energy behavior of the system and found...

This work advances our 2D scalar electrodynamics (SED) model, a relativistic analogue of type-II superconductivity, by implementing a cylindrical coordinate representation. This adaptation addresses the importance of cylindrical symmetry in describing 2D systems, especially those featuring Dirac fermion bound states in magnetic fields. Focusing on...

In this research we have explored the concept of circulation and flux of a vector field using the definition of standard fractional vector cross product(SFVCP). We have then applied this novel definition to Green's (tangential and normal form) and Stoke's theorem which has not been explored previously. Green's theorem is applied in context of compl...

We consider a single layer of graphene subjected to a magnetic field H applied perpendicular to the layer and an in-plane constant radial electric field E. The Dirac equation for this configuration does not admit analytical solutions in terms of known special functions. Using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation, we demonstrate that fo...

In plasma wakefield accelerators, the structure of the blowout sheath is vital for the blowout radius and the electromagnetic field distribution inside the blowout. Most previous theories assume artificial distribution functions for the sheath, which are either inaccurate or require prior knowledge of parameters. In this paper, we use an adiabatic...

Digital twin is considered the key technique for real‐time monitoring and life‐cycle management of electric equipment. To construct the digital twin model of electric equipment, a multi‐parameter electromagnetic analysis is needed to generate a large amount of high fidelity data under various working condition. However, repeated solving such multi‐...

We report on the calculation of the total derivative $\cx R$ term in the divergence of vacuum effective action for the nonminimal vector field operator in a curved space background. This term led to an interesting discussions in the literature, in particular because it defines the local part of anomaly-induced effective action in conformal quantum...

This study aims to assess the safety aspect of future inductive charging stations by investigating the electromagnetic fields performance of various pad architectures. Following the recommendations of the standard {Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE J2954)}, which suggests two common pad kinds for the inductive power transfer (IPT) system (circ...

This work shows that the electromagnetic field impedes the motion of particles bearing electric charges. This implies that, in general, particle fields themselves possess unique maximal attainable speeds because of the effect of interactions with the surrounding force fields. This result can be identified with the particle-dependent maximal attaina...

Research shows that low-level anthropogenic electromagnetic fields negatively impact various species in their behaviour, affecting orientation, migration, foraging, reproduction, nesting, territorial defense, vitality, and survival. Many insects, like honeybees, rely on Earth's electromagnetic fields for orientation and foraging. The honeybees reac...

In this work, we present the analytical derivation and implementation of the quantum electrodynamics Hartree-Fock Hessian. We investigate how electronic strong coupling influences molecular vibrational properties, applying this framework to formaldehyde, p-nitroaniline, and adamantane. Our analysis reveals cavity-induced changes in vibrational freq...

En este trabajo se planteara de una manera alternativa el acoplamiento entre el campo electromagnético y el campo de Dirac, utilizando la acción del grupo O(5, 1) actuando en el cono de luz de un espacio-tiempo 5 + 1, que después de compactificar de manera proyectiva(espacio conforme y grupo conforme), emerge el espacio-tiempo 3 + 1 conocido donde...

Terahertz waves, owing to the special feature of inducing resonance with numerous biomolecules, thus affecting biological activities, have become a novel and promising biological technology. Recently, the effect of terahertz waves on neuroscience via ion channel proteins on the cell membrane has received more attention. A cell membrane model with t...

Traditional magnetotelluric (MT) data processing and inversion are computationally intensive, particularly for large datasets. This study explores the application of deep learning (DL) to accelerate one-dimensional (1D) MT inversion, aiming to estimate subsurface resistivity from natural electromagnetic field measurements. We implemented and compar...

In this paper, we extend the Dirac equation into a complex spacetime framework, generalizing relativistic quantum mechanics to incorporate imaginary dimensions of space and time. Building upon the analyticity conditions introduced in our previous work on the Schrödinger equation, we derive the complexified Dirac equation, ensuring consistency with...

Fossil fuel-based vehicles emit toxic gases and other pollutants in the atmosphere. A big fraction of environmental pollution is caused by these fossil fuel-based vehicles. To create a pollution-free environment, people are encouraged to switch to electric vehicles. However, the major concern of electric vehicle owners is range anxiety. Undeveloped...

This paper uses Finch–Skea metric solutions to investigate the impact of charge on the geometry of compact stars in energy–momentum squared gravity. The determination of unknown constants in the Finch–Skea symmetry is achieved through a smooth match between the interior and exterior spacetimes. We consider a particular model of this modified theory...

With the increasing modernization of machinery, more and more friction parts are exposed to alternating electromagnetic fields. To investigate the impact of alternating electromagnetic fields on the tribological behavior of key components, a Helmholtz coil was incorporated into the ball/disc reciprocating friction tester as the source of the altern...

In the context of f(R,T) gravity theory, this study formulates two new non-singular models that effectively describe anisotropic spherical structures influenced by an electromagnetic field. The modified Einstein–Maxwell equations are derived for a static charged interior spacetime. Subsequently, these equations are addressed using two distinct form...

The paper introduces an effective method for synthesising large wideband rotationally symmetric sparse circular arrays. Initially, the approach involves incorporating several concentric auxiliary rings within the circular aperture comprised of rotationally symmetrical folds. The array elements are then distributed solely over these rings, thereby a...

The interaction Hamiltonian of electric/magnetic dipole moments of dust particles with electromagnetic fields in a complex plasma is studied theoretically. Dust particles in a complex plasma are characterized by magnetic dipole moment μ m and electric dipole moment d e . Classically, the magnetic dipole moment stems from the spinning motion of char...

Axion-like particles (ALPs), emerging naturally in theories beyond the Standard Model, are known to couple weakly to photons in the presence of electromagnetic fields. This coupling can induce a phenomenon analogous to optical birefringence in vacuum, modifying the polarization state of light propagating over cosmic distances. In this work, we inve...

In Newtonian mechanics force fields must contain a multiplier that depends on both the velocity of an electrical charge and the velocity of "particles of the electromagnetic field". This multiplier limits both the possible velocity of an electrical charge and its kinetic energy. The form of this multiplier is obtained using the law of conservation...

The widespread use of electromagnetic space utilization technology across various fields—including maritime, terrestrial, aeronautical, orbital, electrical, and telecommunications—has generated vast amounts of electromagnetic environment data. To manage challenges, such as the storage of large raw datasets, data discrepancies, isolated data across...

The study of nonlinear fractional-order partial differential equations (PDEs) and its numerous analyses of soliton solutions have been helpful in the development of engineering and physical science. The fractional nonlinear PDEs play a significant character in the sectors of electromagnetic fields, quantum fluctuations, black hole transmission, ima...

Purpose: Cataracts are the second leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. This study aimed to examine the impact of occupational exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields on cataract development. Methods: One hundred employees of Zahedan Electricity Company participated in this study. They were assigned to four groups based on their le...

Electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS) is a non-invasive technique used to affect the vestibular system. It disturbs the sense of balance and evokes false sensations of movement by modulating the firing rate of vestibular afferents. This study used frequency-modulated EVS (FM-EVS) combined with center-of pressure (CoP) measurements to investigate...

Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)/Shanghai soft X-ray FEL facility (SXFEL) has developed an advanced transverse deflecting structure two-mode transverse deflecting structure (TTDS) to deflect beams at any angle. The rf design of the TTDS uses a two-mode structure utilizing both the H E M 11 and H E M 12 modes for simultaneous vertical...

The Quantum Electrodynamics fundamental drawbacks are revisited and analyzed. It is question of the photon vector potential amplitude operators, the electromagnetic field harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian with the associated zero-point energy singularity and the electron-vacuum interaction Hamiltonian. Without stating postulates or advancing any hypo...

This study introduces a method for analyzing the propagation of electromagnetic waves in cylindrical structures with central chambers facilitating beam-plasma interactions, particularly relevant for slow-wave structures in backward wave oscillators. The boundary value problem, governed by the Helmholtz equation, is resolved using the mode-matching...

Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are compelling candidates for dark matter due to their weak interaction with standard matter and photons. This paper investigates the conversion dynamics between axions and dark photons in the presence of electromagnetic fields, exploring their potential role in dark matter detection. We present a detailed mat...

Detecting small biological molecules is challenging due to their tiny size, vulnerability, and low concentrations in samples. Bead-based biosensors are frequently used as probes but require tedious processing or expensive instruments. By combining magnetic Janus particles (MJPs) and an electromagnetic device, we successfully built an active diagnos...

An elaborately designed multifunctional metasurface based on vanadium oxide (VO2) that enables polarization-selective modulation is presented. The metasurface is capable of transitioning between absorption and transmission modes by modulating the two-phase states of VO2. When VO2 acts as a metal state, significant linear dichroism in the absorption...

There has been growing numbers of reports linking adolescent smartphone use with increased incidence of anxiety and depression. The current theory is that social media and smartphone use is the primary contributing factor to heightened percentages of youth mental health issues. We hypothesize there is an underlying neurophysiological determinant be...

In the standard quantum electrodynamics (QED), the fermionic vacuum is a continuum of randomly created and annihilated virtual electron-positron pairs. In this case, in the strong electromagnetic fields, vacuum creation of real electron-positron pairs is possible. In particular, in the standard QED in a strong uniform electrical field, the Schwinge...

Seed‐mediated growth provides an efficient way to produce chiral hybrid nanocrystals, mainly benefitting from the recent successful synthesis of discrete chiral metal nanocrystals. However, the chiroptical response of chiral core‐shell nanostructures decreases rapidly when the functional layer is grown on the discrete chiral metal nanocrystals. Her...

We investigate the impact of inhomogeneous inflaton perturbations on primordial magnetic fields within the framework of generalized inflationary magnetogenesis models. Extending the Ratra model to general spacetime backgrounds, we analyze the constraint structure of the electromagnetic field and demonstrate that the standard Coulomb gauge must be g...

A bstract Millicharged particles are generic in theories of dark sectors. A cosmic or local abundance of them may be produced by the early universe, stellar environments, or the decay or annihilation of dark matter/dark energy. Furthermore, if such particles are light, these production channels result in a background of millicharged radiation. We s...

While nearly single cycle THz pulse is conventionally accepted as the stimulus for the fastest and the most energy efficient control of spins in magnets, all-dielectric metasurfaces have been recently demonstrated to be the least dissipative mean to enhance and control the coupling of light to spins. All-dielectric metasurfaces for the THz control...

Discusses importance of inflammation in osteoarthritis degradation and rehabilitation.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an optical phenomenon associated with noble metal nanostructures. The resonances result in sharp spectral absorption peaks as well as enhanced local electromagnetic fields, which have been widely used in chemical and biological sensing. Over the past decade, as label-free analytical method, LSPR sensors...

We exhibit the first analogue model of a rotating black hole constructed in the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics. The background electromagnetic field is assumed to be algebraically special and adapted to a geodesic shear-free congruence of null rays in Minkowski spacetime, the Kerr congruence. The corresponding optical metric has a Kerr–Schi...

This article is a review that primarily revisits and summarizes a theory analogous to relativity. The theory starts from the velocity term in the retarded potential or the Doppler effect formula, establishing a mathematical framework similar to relativity but with a different physical interpretation by drawing analogies between electromagnetic and...

Potentials arising in ultraviolet-completed field theories can be devoid of singularities, and hence render spacetimes simply connected. This challenges the notion of topological invariants considered in such scenarios. We explore the classical implications for (i) electrodynamics in flat spacetime, (ii) ultrarelativistic gyratonic solutions of wea...

The study of van der Waals heterostructures with an interlayer twist, known as twistronics, has been instrumental in advancing the understanding of many strongly correlated phases, many of which derive from the topology of the physical system. Here we explore the application of the twistronics paradigm in plasmonic systems with a non-trivial topolo...

The paired generation of vortices and antivortices is studied across multiple fields, including magnetic materials and Bose-Einstein condensates. In optics, while optical vortex-antivortex pairs have been realized in free space, those in evanescent fields were unaddressed. Recent research has shown that the formation mechanism of newly discovered t...

This erratum corrects the title and the description of the thawing systems used in the experiment for “Effect of Electromagnetic Field Assisted Thawing on the Quality of Previously Frozen Beef Striploins.”

The conducted research has made it possible to expand the understanding of the influence of pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMF) on plant organisms as a factor causing a non-specific reaction – the development of positive stress (eustress). The obtained results of processing plants with weak pulsed EMF in terms of a pronounced quantitative and quali...