Electrochemical Techniques - Science method

The present study investigates the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Musa sapientum (plantain) peel extract on mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution. The extract, prepared via standard reflux method, was analyzed for its efficacy as an eco-friendly, cost-effective corrosion inhibitor. Corrosion behavior was studied using both weight loss and...

The efficient production and conversion of hydrogen energy has become a highly attractive research topic as hydrogen serves as a clean and renewable energy carrier, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) playing an important role in the hydrogen economy. An azo-bound graphene/cobalt porphyrin system (NGO-CoP) was synthesized and characterized us...

This study investigated the antiglioblastoma potential of nine synthetic anthraquinone derivatives (SAQDs). SAQDs were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PBMCs and GBM02 cells. For PBMC, SAQDs showed no cytotoxic effects up to 100 µM. Four most promising SAQDs (1, 4, 5, and 9) demonstrated significant activity against GBM02, with select...

Chloride-induced corrosion is a widespread damage phenomenon in reinforced concrete structures that leads to a substantial reduction in their service life. Fortunately, different repair techniques are available, including electrochemical techniques, such as cathodic protection (CP) and electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE). While CP has proven...

An electrochemical technique had been developed in this work for the selective and sensitive detection of paracetamol (PC) and levofloxacin (LF) by modifying a bare discharged battery and carbon nanotube composite paste electrode (BDCNCPE) using surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The surfactant-modified discharged battery and carbon...

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully synthesized using environmentally friendly reducing agents derived from natural sources including Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman), Murraya paniculata (kemuning leaves), Psidium gua-java (guava leaves), and Miconia crenata (senduduk bulu)-via a modified Hummers method. The structural and phys-icoch...

An electrically controlled, programmable drug delivery system offers substantial potential in personalized biomedical devices. Current methods lack precise control over drug amounts and sequences, which is crucial for optimizing therapy. We present a solution with drug molecules modified onto gallium-based liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) and usi...

Among the sodium battery electrolytes, sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) exhibits superior conductivity, anodic stability, and stable cathode electrolyte interface compared to other electrolytes. Therefore, the synthesis of pure NaPF6 through a simple process is very important. Usually, NaPF6 is synthesized using HF. In our approach, NaPF6 is synt...

Chronoamperometry (CA) is a fundamental electrochemical technique used for quantifying redox-active species. However, in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), the high viscosity and slow mass transport often lead to extended measurement durations. This paper presents a novel mathematical regression approach that reduces CA measurement windows to...

This study examined the corrosion inhibition of mild steel (MS) in acidic media using Amaranthus tortuosus Hornem (ATH) as an inhibitor. The investigation employed weight loss experiments, contact angle measurements, surface analysis, and electrochemical techniques. The results demonstrated that in the absence of the inhibitor, MS experienced rapid...

Biocompatibility and corrosion resistance are major challenges in implantable medical devices, such as metallic prostheses. Considering these challenges, hybrid biomaterials composed of nylon/chitosan/hydroxyapatite (HAP) and nylon/chitosan/HAP/titanium dioxide (TiO 2) were synthesized and characterized as biocoatings for titanium (Ti) plates using...

Nebivolol, a beta-blocker commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, functions by decelerating heart rate and promoting vasodilation, thereby enhancing blood flow and reducing blood pressure. Distinctively, nebivolol elevates nitric oxide levels, facilitating superior vasorelaxation compared to other beta-blockers. Thi...

Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for the growth of phytoplankton in the ocean. Humic substances (HSs) are key components of dissolved Fe-binding organic ligands (Lt). Both Lt and HSs are widely accepted to regulate the distribution of dissolved iron (DFe) and influence its availability to marine phytoplankton and other organisms. This paper...

Single‐molecule electrical measurements have recently emerged as a unique platform for exploring single‐molecule physical chemistry and reaction processes. Herein, the electrochemical technique has been first for exploring oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in single‐molecule junctions of iron porphyrins modified with pyridine groups (Fe‐TPyP). Single...

Providing viral load numbers of infection events aids in the identification of disease severity and in the effective overall patient management. Gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques make this possible but cannot be applied at the point of need and in low-resource settings. Here, we report on the development of a compact analytic...

This study delves into the synergistic electrochemical advantages of a niobium‐doped molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanorods combined with a tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) catalyst to increase the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In light of the increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions, the imperative to develop efficient electr...

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of safe, non‐polluting substances, due to increased environmental awareness and stricter environmental protection regulations. This development has led to the emergence of a new class of corrosion inhibitors, known as green corrosion inhibitors. The present study aims to evaluate the inhib...

Hydroquinone (HQ) is a toxic and carcinogenic substance commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and various industrial applications. In this study, we report the synthesis of a novel composite material consisting of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) functionalized fluorapatite (FA) combined with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (FAD/FA/...

Nanoparticles (NPs) are the center of attraction in all branches of science, engineering and technology. Therefore, in corrosion science, it is expected that (NPs) will solve the problem of replacement of chromates through inhibitor modification. Among the electrochemical techniques employed for analyses were electrochemical noise (EN), cyclic pote...

Early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) is critically dependent on detecting specific protein biomarkers at very low concentrations. This study presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel label-free electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of key ND biomar...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a waste produced from end-of-life Zinc-air batteries. Recycling of these spent batteries is important to reduce the pressure on primary zinc sources and to mitigate environmental pollution. To address the recyclability of waste ZnO from different sources, here we have studied ZnO dissolution and Zn electrodeposition in deep eute...

Functional modification of metal surfaces is a key strategy for enhancing the properties of metal matrices. Superhydrophobic coatings on metal surfaces, achieved through surface modification, have gained significant attention for their anticorrosion, antifouling, anti-icing, and antibacterial properties. Electrochemical technology stands out among...

In the present study a substituted imidazole derivative (2E)-2-[(2-butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (IMTSC) has been synthesised and characterized using FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The corrosion mitigation performance of the synthesized molecules on mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M sulfamic acid...

The current work examines the effect of acetone on the electrochemical characteristics of a polycrystalline nickel electrode in a 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte, with respect to the kinetics of alkaline water electrolysis (HER: hydrogen evolution reaction, and OER: oxygen evolution reaction). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) electro...

The growing use of neonicotinoid pesticides in agriculture presents significant risks to water resources and environment, along with negative health effects. This study demonstrates that the synergistic coupling of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) anchored to ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) provides a unique nonenzyma...

Norepinephrine (NE), a pivotal neurotransmitter in the central and sympathetic nervous systems, is crucial for numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Distinguishing NE from structurally similar dopamine and epinephrine in complex in vivo environments is a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a molecular docking strategy for s...

Modern nanofabrication technologies combined with electrochemical techniques offer benefits in terms of extremely high sensitivity, low limit of detection, minimum power requirement, simplicity, and low cost of the electrochemical sensors making them powerful for food quality evaluation. The limited number of electrochemical non-enzymatic sensing p...

Recently, two-dimensional materials have been extensively utilized in fabricating supercapacitors (SCs). Particularly, the layered materials have gained much attention among researchers and engineers owing to their unique morphological diversity, larger area, higher conductivity, and splendid charge storage capability. In this perspective, the pres...

This paper examines two novel Gemini cationic surfactants based on thiazole derivatives (TAC) as anticorrosion compounds for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. This task was achieved using a diversity of tools, comprising mass loss (ML), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron (SEM) microscope, energ...

To discriminate the structures of two polymers, 1,4-transpolymyrcene (TPM) and 1,4-cis polymyrcene (CPM), at molecular level, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was herein used as the main method. However, to enhance the reliability of findings, this method involves a longer ordering time, which results in higher costs. A simple electrochemical techn...

The kinetics and mechanism of the indole oxidation reaction (IOR) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode were investigated using various electrochemical techniques. The HOPG electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity, reaching current densities of up to 35 µA/cm² over a concentration range of 0.1 and 200.0 µM and a de...

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) is a crucial collagenase enzyme that primarily degrades type I collagen and extracellular glycoproteins, playing a significant role in the pathological processes of periodontal disease. It can serve as a biomarker for early detection and screening of the disease through advanced biosensor technology. The aim of th...

Corrosion's detrimental effects on materials and structures compromise their functionality, leading to economic burdens through replacement, maintenance, and environmental degradation, thereby sparking interest in eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. Although plants deemed weeds exhibit limited corrosion inhibition, hybridizing them with potent ext...

The extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions, especially from productive leachates generated in in-situ extraction (ISL) operations, is vital for sustainable nuclear fuel production and environmental safety. Traditional sorption methods, though effective, face limitations related to chemical regeneration, selectivity, and secondary pollution. E...

The electroreduction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) offers promising opportunities for the synthesis of valuable chemical precursors. However, achieving high selectivity in this process remains challenging due to the complexity of the reaction mechanisms involved. Here, this study employs different electrochemical techniques to analyze each of th...

This study examines the electrochemical behavior of Zr(IV) in two different molten salt systems: FLiBe (LiF-BeF2, 66.7–33.3 mol%) and FLiNaK (LiF-NaF-KF, 46.5-11.5-42.0 mol%). We found that the reduction of Zr(IV) occurs via a single 4-electron transfer step in both environments, with diffusion-controlled reversible reactions evidenced through scan...

Surgical operations are intricate and invasive procedures that require continuous monitoring of the patient’s biochemical profile. Point-of-care testing would allow healthcare professionals to identify abnormalities and make the necessary interventions to minimize the risk of complications and ensure patient safety. To this end, we report the devel...

Tobacco (nicotine) has been reported as one of the worst global public health pandemics in history, claiming about 8 million lives annually. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), nicotine accounts for about 7 million deaths of firsthand users and over 1.3 million morbidities of secondhand users. Furthermore, smokeless tobacco products h...

Recently, anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to utilize non‐precious catalysts. Consequently, there has been significant focus on developing catalysts for operation under alkaline conditions. This study reports the electrochemical synthesis of a Ni‐based bifunctional catalyst wi...

Neuromorphic devices that mimic the energy-efficient sensing and processing capabilities of biological neurons hold significant promise for developing bioelectronic systems capable of precise sensing and adaptive stimulus-response. However, current silicon-based technologies lack biocompatibility and rely on operational principles that differ from...

Graphene oxide (GO) is a highly versatile material known for its exceptional surface area, functionalization potential, and superior electrochemical properties, making it ideal for heavy metal detection. The detection of antimony is particularly critical due to its toxic effects on human health and the environment, necessitating the development of...

API 5L X90 pipeline steel, valued for its high strength in oil and gas pipelines, is susceptible to corrosion in aggressive soil environments containing moisture, chlorides, and other corrosive agents. This study aims to investigate the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of this steel in a simulated soil solution to understand its corrosion mechan...

The concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in human blood is closely associated with various chronic diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to design a sensor that can conveniently, rapidly, and accurately detect H2S in human blood at room temperature. In this work, we developed an Ag/Cu2O-based sensor using a two-dimensional electrodeposition in s...

Corrosion has a significant economic and environmental impact on most oil sector facilities. One of the most widely used materials in these facilities is carbon steel. One major problem the oil sector faces is the corrosion and cracking of well motor housing of electrical submersible downhole pumps. These downhole pumps were used to inject water an...

The current study aims to design an inexpensive and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of the hazardous compound 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). The natural biopolymer Chitosan (CTSN), and co-deposited platinum and palladium nanoparticles (Pt-Pd NPs) were used to develop an electrochemical sensor electrode. A simple and suitable two-st...

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a fundamental electrochemical technique for studying catalytic surfaces, while IrO2 serves as the gold standard for the oxygen evolution reaction in green hydrogen production. In this study, we simulated theoretical CV on IrO2 surfaces with different orientations and compared the results with experimental data. Our findin...

Silicon (Si) holds promise as an anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity. However, practical applications are impeded by structural damage from volume expansion. Here, we designed a novel Si/CNFs/C anode by integrating mesoporous Si particles, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon quantum dots in...

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has emerged as innovative electrochemical technique for probing the electronic properties of semiconducting nanomaterials, playing a crucial role in the design and optimization of high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. This book chapter delivers a comprehensive overview of the application of CV in determining key band struc...

This work reports the synthesis of PdNi bimetallic particles and Pd on Carbon black (Vulcan XC-72) by reverse microemulsion and the chemical reduction of metallic complexes. The physicochemical characterization techniques used for the bimetallic and metallic materials were TGA, STEM, ICP-OES, and XRD. Also, the electrocatalysts were studied by elec...

Electrochemical workstations are pivotal instruments in the field of electrochemistry, facilitating in-depth investigations of electron transfer processes across various applications, including energy storage, corrosion analysis, and sensor development. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the principles underlying electrochemical work...

The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is substantiated as a promising pathway for transforming waste into renewable power. Hollow ball‐like architectures composed of 3D carbon shell‐encased Ni–Cu nanoparticles in multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Nix‐Cuy/MWCNTs) have been synthesized, utilizing a bimetallic organic framework as a soft temp...

Herein, the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified with Pd nanoparticles (Pd) and poly(1,2‐diphenyl ethylenediamine) (PDPEN) using an electrochemical technique. The structural and morphological characteristics of Pd@PDPEN electrodes were examined using various methods, including field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffr...

Increasing awareness of the environmental risks posed by heavy metal accumulation in the environment—due to their toxicity and persistence in biological systems—has driven the development of more efficient and accessible detection methods. Conventional techniques, despite their accuracy, are often expensive, time-consuming, and reliant on non-porta...

The corrosion behaviour of lean duplex S32101 (1.4162—X2CrMnNiN21-5-1) stainless steel was assessed in various corrosive environments relevant to the pulp and paper industry. Electrochemical techniques, including open-circuit potential measurements and cyclic polarisation, were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of S32101 stainless steel in...

CuAlFeNi shape memory alloys (SMAs) were fabricated utilizing the stircasting method. After that, the fabricated alloys were heat-treated at different temperatures. Microstructural analyses of the samples were performed using scanning electron microscopy attached with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (...

The recovery of vital minerals can be achieved by electrochemical methods, which are flexible and efficient approaches to satisfy the growing demands of technological advancements and the green economy. In this chapter, the basic ideas and real-world uses of electrochemical techniques such as electrowinning, electrorefining, and electrolysis in min...

Electrochemical-based processes have shown great promise in removing organic pollutants such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from wastewater due to their effectiveness in addressing environmental pollution. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the most-cited articles in the field to systematically evaluate the progress a...

Stainless steels (SSs) are highly valued for their exceptional properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. This study investigates the corrosion behavior of SS304L and SS316L in a chloride salt bath using chemical methods (weight loss) and electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization). The SS304L and SS316L underg...

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and phenylethylamine derivatives (NBOHs and NBOMes) are commonly found on seized blotter papers, posing public health risks. Efficient screening methods for identifying these substances are currently limited. To address this, a novel protocol combining colorimetric and electrochemical techniques was developed as a s...

Critical raw materials are economically and strategically important for industry both in the short and long term. However, their supply is at high risk due to limited domestic deposits and reliance on imports. As demand for these materials grows, alternative sources must be explored. This study investigates the recovery of critical raw materials fr...

This review article investigates the rising global energy demand, which is primarily driven by population growth and industrialization, raising significant environmental concerns due to the extensive reliance on fossil fuels. In response, hydrogen is being explored as a potential eco-friendly energy solution to meet the urgent need for sustainable...

Mild steel (MS) corrosion is a grave concern in manufacturing industries. Neem leaf extract (NLE) (Azadirachta indica—AZI) was used as a green corrosion inhibitor (GCI) for MS with 1 wt% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and 0.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) (alkaline medium) and studied via weight loss technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS...

Three 2‐aminobenzothiazole molecules, 6‐bromobenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐amine (AMBT‐1), 2‐aminobenzo[d]thiazole‐6‐carbonitrile (AMBT‐2), and 6‐ethylbenzo[d]thiazol‐2‐amine (AMBT‐3) were successfully synthesized and fully characterized. The compounds were investigated as corrosion inhibitors of AA7075 aluminum alloy in 3% NaCl medium at room temperature. Dif...

Stainless steels are used in the aeronautical industry for their corrosion resistance and good mechanical performance. The chemical treatment used to improve corrosion resistance is passivation, forming a compact, continuous, adherent chromium oxide film. This research aimed to investigate the effect of citric acid at different concentrations (citr...

In this study, we investigate the efficiency of furan-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl-methanone (FPM) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl environment. Our study combines electrochemical techniques, weight loss measurements and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Regarding weight loss experiments, we find that a concentration of 0.5 mM of F...

Carbon microelectrodes (CMEs) have emerged as pivotal tools in the field of neurochemical sensing, enabling precise, real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters in both research and clinical contexts. The current review explores the design, fabrication, and application of CMEs, emphasizing recent advancements in material science and electrochemical t...

Real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters is essential in driving basic neuroscience understandings and creating treatments for various brain disorders. However, current neurotransmitter sensing devices are highly limited in their spatiotemporal resolution and ability to integrate with neuronal recording. Here, we introduce a unique carbon coating...

This study investigates the Mg-6.5Zn-7.24Sn-1.22Ca alloy, focusing on its microstructural evolution, corrosion resistance, and mechanical performance under varying thermal and mechanical treatments. The alloy was cast under an argon environment, homogenized at 400°C for 18 hours, and hot rolled at 400°C with a 15% thickness reduction. Microstructur...

Corrosion of reinforcement steel in concrete is a major cause of infrastructure failure, particularly in marine environments where chloride ions penetrate the concrete, destroy the passive iron oxide film and initiating corrosion. While concrete's alkaline pH naturally protects rebar, chloride ingress combined with oxygen and moisture can exceed cr...

The basic electrochemical techniques required for blood gas analysis were first introduced in the 1890s, leading to the development of arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzers that became clinically available in the 1950s. Modern blood gas analyzers utilize various electrodes to measure parameters such as partial pressures of arterial oxygen (PaO2), part...

This review presents an in-depth analysis of the latest methods used for the determination of sucralose (E955), focusing on research conducted over the past 10 years. As a widely used sugar substitute in the food and pharmaceutical industries, sucralose has raised concerns about its environmental persistence, potential genotoxicity, and health impa...

There is an urgent need to develop high‐areal‐capacity silicon (Si) anodes with good cycling stability and rate capability for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, this remains a huge challenge due to large volume expansion‐induced mechanical degradation and electrical connectivity loss in thick electrodes. Here, a three‐in‐on...

Understanding the oxidation of sulfidic minerals, especially those of pyrite and chalcopyrite, under acidic conditions has important outcomes, such as exposing any encapsulated gold not recovered by traditional cyanidation processes. This study focused on the electrochemical oxidation of pyrite and chalcopyrite in a 0.5 M nitric acid solution. Elec...

The electrocatalytic characteristics of Sb 2 Se 3 thin films prepared by electrochemical technique were examined for the evolution of hydrogen by the electrolysis of water. The thermally treated Sb 2 Se 3 samples obtained from a non-aqueous electrolyte were studied on the Ni electrode for determining their catalytic activity in the process of water...

This work investigates lithium diffusion coefficients in disordered rock salt Li-ion battery cathodes, focusing on Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Ti 0.6 O 2 and Li 7 / 6 Ni 0. 25 Ti 7 / 1 2 O 2 . Using sol-gel synthesis, SEM, EDX, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical techniques (galvanostatic cycling, CV, EIS, GITT), the study examines the kinetic behaviors and c...

AI-assisted preparation of solanum melongena leaf extract for mitigating corrosion of mild steel in acidic environments. Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Chemistry applications are mostly focused on preparation, characterization and applications of extracts of natural products in corrosion inhibition, wastewater treatment, biochemical syst...

This work comprises an immunosensor fabrication decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) onto Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated electrodes to detect Salmonella enterica antigen. The rGO was synthesized with a modified Hummer technique and characterized via UV, XRD, FTIR, RAMAN and SEM techniques. The synthesized rGO was optimized at different concen...

Food safety have become the top priorities in improving public health and wellness by detecting food and drink pollutants like heavy metals, herbicides, pesticides, additives and drugs. Among detection techniques, electrochemical sensors emerge as rapid and highly sensitive for food safety analysis by converting chemical reaction to electrical sign...