Elections - Science topic

Is it ethical for a group of authors to review each other's papers in order to obtain the conditions for election to scientific-teaching titles? The quality of the works is not a criterion but one's own promotion. What is your situation and what do you think about the above? Thanks.

Hello,

I am looking for papers that talk about short term thinking in democracies/elected politicians. I remember reading something in democratic theory about this a long time ago which argued that elected politicians can be short term in their decisions because they need to win the next election and need to please people now. I am reading Stephen M. Gardiner's book The Perfect Moral Strom and he applies this argument to why Western democracies have failed to take action on climate change (The costs of climate action are mostly felt by the present generation and most of the cost of climate change are felt by future generations). My question is have people done empirical studies of this to see if politicians are short term in their thinking and what are some good essays in democratic theory on this? Thanks in advance!

Modern politics is characterized by many aspects which were not associated with traditional politics. Big data is one of them. Data mining is being done by political parties as they seek help from data scientists to arrive at various patterns to identify behavior of voters. Question is, what are the various ways in which big data is being used by modern political parties and leaders?

I am currently interested in election studies and would like to read more, specifically from a book, that could explain the determinants of election outcome. please recommend me some book.

Thank You!

It is a well-known fact that the religious beliefs of voters are their personal choices. However, when it comes to voting in an election, the same plays a crucial role in the formation of opinion on the part of the voters and the political parties and leaders make a concerted attempt to influence them on the basis of their religious beliefs. Question is, how effective are the religious beliefs of voters with regard to their making election-related choices?

We need a Global Wealth Tax How rich are the rich relative to the poor? If they had ten times the wealth, no problem. It has always been that way. But what if the ratio was a million to one? That's undemocratic power. You know when democracy has gone. Elections become a sham, and leaders become increasingly incompetent, dishonest, and corrupt. Sound familiar? The existence of just one billionaire -- a single person with the wealth of a thousand millionaires, or a million workers with $1000 each -- is a sign that democracy is on the way out. We now have 3000 billionaries, including three smiling centibillionaires (Bezos, Gates, Zuckerberg). A centibillionare has the wealth of 100 billionaires or 100,000 millionaires. Capitalism may have its pros and cons, but this is getting ridiculous. If we want our democracy back, we have no choice but to reduce the wealth of the wealthiest. If we want peace, we have to do that gradually and fairly. In a word: democratically. Don't despair. It can be done. Big changes have happened before. Our main task is to think clearly and tell the truth.

Richard Parncutt

I am currently working on a study about vote-buying culture through comparing voting behaviors in local, regional, and national level elections.

All suggestions and recommendations are invited.

The coming of exism movements in 2016 led to the coming of extreme democratic outcomes within majority rule based liberal democracies like in the USA.

And this brought a change in the nature of democracy as it has led to a shift from true democracy thinking to temporary democratic authoritarianism thinking.

We are probably familiar with the structure of the forces competing for power in a true democracy, I think. but not with the forces competing in a temporary democratic authoritarianism system. Which raises the question, what is the structure of temporary democratic authoritarianism? Any ideas?

Feel free to express your own views so we can exchange ideas in a positive academic environment as this is an academic question, not a political one.

I Intend to take this assignment through Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis framework

I believe that efficiently conducted marketing online campaigns in social media can already increase the insensitivity of new online media, including social media to traditional communication channels. Effective marketing campaigns on social media before political elections may already have more than 50 percent share. How big it will be depends on the technological possibilities in the field of new online media for a specific electoral staff that is active during the election campaign.

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

I am interested in doing a quantitative analysis of voter turnout in multiple Canadian student unions (a sample size of about 80). Elections in these organizations are held annually. Would three election cycles (for example, 2019-2021 elections) be a long enough study period for an article or should I include more years in the analysis?

There are academic reasons that support the idea that Trumpism can not just move on as a normal democratic would do if it loses an election, and there are reasons for it. So the question, why?

Any ideas!

Once extreme democratic outcomes like Trumpism come to exist they must behave autocratically as their model structure, including the political and legal loyalties structures that they needed to persist, are the opposite as those of the normal liberal democracy model inside which extreme democratic outcomes came to exist.

Then when time for re-elections comes for extreme democratic outcomes, there is the possibility of winning or losing if playing the normal liberal democracy way, but there is the need to win at all cost if playing the extreme liberal democracy way.

Which leads to the question, what is the sufficient condition for extreme democratic outcomes like Trumpism to win re-elections or persist in power at all cost? Can the absence of this condition sufficient condition explains why Trumpism failed to persist in 2020?

Any ideas? Please share your own ideas in order to exchange ideas.

Keep in mind; this is an academic question, not a political question as I am a scientist, not a politician.

OK so I have conducted a pretty standard GARCH (1,1) analysis on  the S&P 500 using the US volatility index return (VIX) as an independent variable in my mean equation. For my conditional variance independent variables I have used political electoral opinion polls volatility % daily change throughout the campaign and have left VIX out of it.

My goal is to find out whether political volatility is a significant explanatory factor within the SP500 volatility during election periods.

I have run the programme on STATA and am getting some weird results (see attatchment) including negative, large coefficients and large standard errors.

For the life of my I cannot see where I am going wrong?  Should I be running a different model? If so which one (BEKK, EGARCH, GARCHX)? Or are my results actually OK given that my alpha and beta parameters are sound and most of my P values are significant?

Once the campaigning is over, the election is done and results are out, one of the competing parties goes on to win the election. Question is, whether the governance of the incumbent could be seen as an extension of their campaigning carried out during the election and if it is indeed the case then what about the party which loses the election? 

Elections, not just voting, can become trustworthy.

Additional methods to the ones that made voting trustworthy (choose your favorite) can be applied. Eiections are not used to choose the captain of a ship, said Socrates, 2500 years ago. One can use technology to help. One has to verify competence, reciprocity, and (for fairness) anonymity.

Although voting is deterministic (all ballots are counted), information can be treated stochastically using Information Theory. Error considerations, including faults, attacks, and threats by adversaries, can be explicitly included. The influence of errors may be corrected to achieve an election outcome error as close to zero as desired (error-free), with AI providing many copies of results without voter identify. A voting method to do so, is explained at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286459956_The_Witness-Voting_System

How about the next step, fair elections? Can one learn from the events in the US in Jan/6?

As all of you may know, we can take the experience of Trumpism(November 2016-January 2021) in the USA to explore questions such as when a democratic contest can lead to partial and permanent authoritarianism. The failure of the USEXIT/Trumpism to persist by losing reelection means that we just witness temporary authoritarianism, but it could have been worse as one more step was needed to move towards permanent authoritarianism in the USA and the lost of the most relevant normal democratic system in the world. Which raises the question, When can permanent authoritarianism take hold under majority rule liberal democracies?. Any ideas about what the missing step was to transition from temporary to permanent authoritarianism in the USA in 2020. Feel free to share your ideas.

The Hulu production ‘Harlots’ highlights how during the 18th Century aristocrats would often disregard the law (which they implemented and had enforced on their subjects) in their lust for power by abducting young maids and then would have their way with them such that the rape culminated in the death of the women all for some seconds of orgasmic pleasure. “This is fiction!!!”, you say. If you consider what has been happening at the House of Windsor over the last century you might be more credulous. Here we have a case of a young Princess Diana deceived into marriage so that the Royals could continue their bloodline. The princess, often confined to her bed-chamber (once she gave birth to the children), eventually had a mental breakdown that led to her death all while her prince charming committed repeated infidelity. In a like manner, we have another Royal, Prince Andrew, the much beloved son of Queen Elizabeth, caught with has ‘pants-down’ fraternizing with pubescent girls in the company of the late Jeffry Epstein who as an insurance policy against anyone who planned to report on his illicit operations on his Island of Pedophilia, video-taped all the rich and famous who indulged in those activities with him. What all these stores have in common are having unlimited funds to support an unchecked lifestyle.

Now to Donald Trump. If you look at the history of this man he employed his vast sums of money (presently estimated to be around 2.4 billion dollars by Bloomberg News) to commission a bevy of lawyers to succeed at victimizing individuals who cannot come up with a comparable sum of money to succeed in court. He picks his victims strategically. When he was accused of raping an underaged girl with Jeffry Epstein in the state of New York in 1994, the girl—later as an adult and apparently of modest means—never put forth an effective prosecution in 2016 (Case 1:16-cv-07673-RA). In a like manner when Trump refused to pay individuals for the construction of Trump Tower in New York or for the running of his businesses most did not have the means to fight him in court (US Today June 9, 2016). Trump has a long history of using the American court system to his advantage knowing that by simply pushing more money a rich person often overcomes the defenses of a poor person. Even when he loses in court, as he did for running a fake ‘Trump University’, he has the mean to manipulate the media such that his followers concluded that he is indeed a master deal maker as underscored in ‘The Art of the Deal’ and promoted in the TV series ‘The Apprentice’ which propelled him to the presidency.

The methods used by Donald Trump to corrupt the results of the 2020 election is much in keeping with the forgoing precedent: use the court system even when the chips are down since in the end—even if defeated—one will have the opportunity to contaminate the minds of the entourage which now number in the tens of millions and which includes prominent Congressmen, that the 2020 election was stolen, a distortion of fact that will then be used to pave the way to the next deception which always seems to replenish his bank account. So far, Trump’s followers have contributed over 170 million dollars to his ‘election fraud’ scam. The only way to end this contemptible behavior is to put him away much like what has been done with Al Capone, Anthony Salerno, Ivan Boesky, El Chapo, and if he had not taken his own life, Trump’s partner in crime Jeffry Epstein.

Targeted chaos and misinformation are at the heart of extreme democratic outcomes as they are the active ingredients needed for them to come to exist, to persist, and to propagate. One example of extreme democratic outcome is USEXIT or Trumpism.

Targeted chaos and misinformation are mostly based on fake facts or an alternative facts, which raises the question “Are extreme democratic outcomes when in conflict and the rule of law in liberal democracies incompatible?

I think yes, what do you think? Why do you think so?

The recent US presidential election has seen president Donald Trump accused of fraud by Democrats? Do you think the U.S. election was really fair?

Donald Trump and his challenger Joe Biden have presented vastly different visions for handling crucial issues, from the coronavirus pandemic to climate change. This results in how the election could shape many "Science" or "the scientific implications of Climate Change" issues.

Under normal liberal democracy there is war between several views on how to advance the common good either at the expense of the minority(e.g. traditional liberal democratic parties) or at the least cost possible to the minority(e.g. traditional liberal conservative parties). ...War here simply means " a usually heated conflict between competing ideas....".

In normal liberal democracies, science plays a central role, and if science is not followed or it is partially followed or it is ignored completely and things go bad, the opposition party will use that rational in the next election and the incumbent party may spin the reality, but the buck stops there…and the people decide at election day….

I can see several reasons why that is the case, which leads to the question, Which are the central links between extreme liberal democracy and authoritarianism/dictatorships?. Can you see them? Or What do you think?

Dr. Anthony Fauci, a respected US epidemiologist, said two things that might be useful for us to take into consideration.

1. Do not expect a medical solution to Covid, as a treatment or vaccine, until February 2021.

2. We have not yet seen even the beginning of the infection toll.

With that perspective, the current Covid problem is long-term and will be with us in the environment for a long time, even when it is treatable. It has no reason to follow the US election calendar. Favorable mutations may change this picture.

Your comment?

If you have successfully taken a water bear from a petri dish under a stereo microscope and prepared it for Scanning Election Microscopy, how did you do it? I pipetted this water bear from a petri dish into a vial of 91% isopropyl alcohol, and it made it shrivel up.

Last weekend millions of Poles went to the ballots to vote in the presidential election. The election was in many ways a crossroad for Poland, will Poland go down the road of liberalism or continue down the road of conservatism and nationalism? Will Poland rejoin the European family of nations or will they be the travel companion of Hungary on a path towards further nationalism and isolation?

The implications of this elections are many and most of them are related to issues such as the future relation to the EU, the independence of the judiciary, independence of the press and in the long run, perhaps even the future of Polish democracy. I wrote an article on the subject that was published and syndicated in news outlets across Africa and the Middle East and I will share it with you, in case you are not familiar with the subject, I received many comments and questions from readers so I thought it might be an interesting debate. The article can be found here.:

https://www.somalilandsun.com/poland-the-presidential-election-and-the-eu-is-democracy-dying-in-poland/

What are your thoughts about the future of Poland, the EU and the issues laid out here in this text? The words is free..at least for now.

Best wishes Henrik

Hello. I am writing a research paper on municipal elections in Saint Petersburg. The recent elections of 2019, according to observers, were held with a large number of violations. In my work, I try to check this. But I have some questions. If I understand correctly, the elections are held using the “Multiple non-transferable vote”/Block Vote system. In other words, the voter can choose up to five candidates from the entire list, and the winners are those who received the highest number of votes in all precincts. Are there any countries with such a voting system, and open data about elections? For example, in Russia, it is possible to view data on each specific polling station where elections were held, for example, how many votes were cast for candidates, how many ballots were issued, etc. Could you recommend literature specifically about this voting system?

Modern politics has witnessed the anvil of the dual concepts of political branding and political marketing which have played crucial roles in such political events like elections, specifically, the campaigning aspect of it. Question is, how they differ from each other? The difference ought to be highlighted with regard to the practical implications arising out of the two and not merely the theoretical one.

Political branding has been a phenomenon which has come to characterize the campaigning associated with an election in modern politics. Question is, apart from an election, where else does the concept of political branding find traction in the scheme of a political party and/or leader?

For a class I'm preparing to teach, I'm looking for (estimated) data on the numbers of U.S. citizens who engage in political activities beyond voting, such as

1. volunteering in campaigns,

2. contributing to campaigns,

3. working as election officers at the polls on election day,

4. contacting legislators, and

5. commenting to agencies about proposed administrative rulemaking.

In my work, I consider candidate positioning in the election. I've got 35 of districts with 2 or 3 candidates in each one (overall, there are about 90 candidates). I want to scale these candidates to show their positions on some map. On each candidate, I gather textual data (from social media) that contains from 1000 to 20,000 words (one candidate = one document).

In most of the articles about party positioning, I've seen that the most popular method is MDS. But later I was told that this method for text analysis is a kind of outdated for sociologists, and they rather use t-SNE for text analysis. Then, I found PCA, LDA, and other methods, and now I'm confused.

What method is most suitable in my case? Thank you in advance!

I am running a multivariate logistic regression to predict the likelihood of individuals voting for the green party, using a survey of european election studies of 2019. My main IV is education levels; when I add other explanatory variables, there are significant. However, my classification table (as shown below) shows that my model cannot predict anything; I have tried using other IVs to see if that could be the issue but, as I thought, it is not. I do not know how to resolve it; or can I simply state in my report that the goodness of fit of the model is simply not so good?

I would like to understand why this is happening and if there is a way for me to resolve it?

It seems good that after two terms in office, the president leaves the office for one term. But I do not consider good not to allow that person to run for president ever again. American citizens should be given the opportunity to choose between Mr. Trump and Mr. Obama.

Hi all I’m conducting research on the relationship between social media and election violence. Particularly can a popular hateful page on social media that is spewing hateful tweets or posts cause it’s followers to enact real life violence on a target group?

for ex did Donald trumps anti Jewish tweets cause lead to more Jews being victimized etc.

any Insights would be beneficial as I draft up a research proposal

Under normal democratic outcomes(the majority view wins the democratic contest) or normal liberal democracies, traditional conservatism is against big governments, bail outs, social welfare, deficits.....because they are seen as benefitting the majority...what traditional conservatives see as bad socialism...

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The 2016 coming of USEXIT/an extreme democratic outcome(the minority view wins the democratic outcome) or extreme liberal democracy indicates that there has been a shift from traditional conservative thinking to flipped conservative thinking in the USA, as now things that were bad such as bail out such as the bail out of famers or increasing deficits are okay...like good socialism.

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And this raises the question: Is flipped conservatism at the heart of extreme democratic outcomes like USEXIT/Trumpism?

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What do you think?

It has been widely felt by those dealing with the affairs of Britain and USA that the two most prominent events of last year, namely, Brexit and the USA Presidential Election has resulted in much alienation on the part of these two major economies thereby creating an image which is of being less friendly to the outer world. Question is, the present trend is here to stay or would it give way to a better situation in future?

South African elections have ushered in a new thinking on the role of social media in influencing elections. The EFF had the highest number of young people who where on social media. ( 6 million) and they did not register to vote. these votes would have swayed the election in favour of EFF but sadly they did not vote.

What does this mean?

I pursued my doctoral work in the domain of political branding in the context of a developing democracy, India. During my work, I conducted an empirical analysis to establish the relationship between political branding and political participation and other related concepts. The findings of the study do indicate that such a relationship exist, that is, political branding influences political participation. However, the relationship the other way around, that is, political participation influencing political branding left things to be desired. Also, the role of social media, which is quite hyped in an event like an election, was not found to be much as far as influencing voting preferences was concerned. All this got me thinking whether the efficacy of political branding could be similar in a developing democracy like it is in an advanced democracy? 

Now that election results in Spain are known, do you think there will be a change in Spanish policy, and what will be the effect on European countries and the rest of the world.



Manipulate data as usual habit in the election. Why we have to join the election?

The social media is abuzz with a lot of action these days what with every organization worth its salt making its presence felt on social media. Question is, is the time ripe to claim that social media could very well help in gauging how effective the performance of a particular organization is? And could the same parameters be applied to political parties and leaders? Asking so because of late, social media has come to play an increasingly significant role in the build-up to the election during the campaigning phase.

The whole world is putting a lot of attention to how to deal with extreme democratic outcomes(EDO) like USEXIT and BREXIT and their implementation, but normal engagement channels to counteract it or slow it down or create the conditions for future change do not seem to be working….

Should political strategies that work under normal democratic outcomes(NDO) be expected to work in the world of extreme democratic outcomes(ED0)?. If think, No, but the opposition to the extreme democratic  outcome and policies  appear to think that they do as they keep using them…apparently with no much luck, what do you think?

I am looking for possible data sources and algorithms that can be used for predicting electoral results. Few data sources I can list included:

Form social media what type of data can be used other then using Twitter tweets and Facebook Posts?

What techniques can be used other than or in addition to Sentiment analysis?

I am looking for the current open research gaps / challenges for predicting electoral results?

What are the other research gaps and challenges?

Elections are often repeated, usually after several years, but sometimes also after several months. Some mature democrats strongly oppose a repetition of a referendum. Why? Why do they repeat elections?

A Free neutron will dekay in about 14 minutes into proton, election and other particles. But neutron is stable when it is with proton. Why is this? Also, how can this be explained in wave theory?

My question is based on the regulation of Indonesia general election supervisory body called Bawaslu RI (Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia) No. 8/2018 on settlement of administrative violations of general election, Article 64. Which stipulate if there is any party who is not satisfied with the verdict made out by the first stage court conduct by the provincial/district Bawaslu (only applied to the party who is act as the reporter party or the reported party in the case). could ask a favour to the Bawaslu RI as the appeal court to correct the verdict made out by the Provincial/Regency Bawaslu as the first stage court. But, in the process of correction of the verdict by the Indonesian Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu RI). they are not obliged to present the parties which involved in this case, they will only strengthen the verdict made by the provincial or district Bawaslu or correct the verdict by examining the verdict documents and evidence presented in the first stage court. without presenting the parties involved in the case (in other words, they did not apply the audi of alteram et partem principle).

What is your view in terms of manipulation of results and other factors when comparing electronic voting systems vs manual balloting?

I am interested in the following questions:

What are extreme democratic outcomes(EDO)? When should they be expected to take place? Do they work under sustainability theory or chaos theory?. Are they the extreme opposite of the normal democratic outcomes that are supposed to come out from democratic models based on majority rule one person one vote? Do they follow normal independent voting/preferences and ranking assumptions?.

And the reasons are:

Without having answers to the questions above, it is difficult a) to predict EDOs and therefore to avoid them; b) it is not possible to see how you can deal with them once they take place; c) it is difficult to see the link between chaos in the creation and the sustaining of the conditions behind the extreme democratic outcome; and d) it is difficult to see what needs to be done to create the conditions for extreme democratic outcomes to revert towards normal democratic outcomes.

The need for a theory of extreme democratic outcomes and democracy

The fact that polling and the media missed the coming the BREXIT and the USEXIT, the subsequent lost of BREXIT and the fact that extreme democratic outcomes did not materialize in France and the Netherlands indicate that a theory of extreme democratic outcomes and democracy is needed urgently.

I am working on a series of papers on the topic right now as it is clear that at least in the short and medium term some extreme democratic outcomes and their consequences are here to stay, and stay longer if we keep treating them as if we are dealing with normal democratic outcomes.

Is anybody here working in the lines of extreme democratic outcomes, a line where normal ideas of voting theories and preference ranking may no longer work?.  Any comments?

There are many theories and studies in the domain of political branding which delve in the psychology of the voters. Question is, who could one quantify the effect of political branding with regard to helping the voters behave rationally in an election?

The Republican candidate Donald Trump received such negative coverage during the Presidential Election campaign last year which was unprecedented in the history of the election whereas Hillary Clinton was the darling of the media as compared to him. However, the final outcome was much to the dismay of the media houses. This very much explains his intense dislike towards press. Question is, what implication could be drawn from the victory of President Trump in the light of such negative publicity?

I'm doing a content analysis of political debates (20/20 total) broadcast before a specific election (census sample). My content analysis specifically observes and codes negative appeals in terms of two groups by political affiliation. Which statistical test/analysis should be considered for the analysis?

The recent Malaysian election has seen a change of guards in the parliament.

Other things being equal(Ceteris Paribus), it can be said that types of democratic outcomes possible under majority rule based democracy are normal democratic outcomes and extreme democratic outcomes.…,,,Under normal democratic outcomes the majority view rules, either as a full majority or a partial majority.  Under extreme democratic outcomes the true minority view rules, which raises the question, can extreme democratic outcomes take place if there is no chaos?. I think no, what do you think?

India is the second largest urban system in the world after China: indeed, the seventy world’s largest urban centers are in India.

Between 2001 and 2011, India had 7933 cities and towns of different population sizes. Unfortunately, by that time, India had reached only 31,16% of its urbanization.

In 2005, JnNURM a ministerial mission, was launched to provide a ‘toolkit’ and a written Reform Agenda with ‘desired goals’. The social and political changing pattern generated by the shift from traditional Congress Party to Bharatiya Janata Party has been a turning point for urbanization in India in the 2010s.

Since 2014, when Narendra Modi, India’s Prime Minister, won the election, the country has faced structural changes at economic and political levels.

´Why does the urban policy fail at central/national level?

´How can the central government of India answer to the international pressure of a National Urban Agenda, when the federal organization of the country settled its urban policies at state level, as per 74h CAA statement?

´If the Urban Agenda is disconnected from national level, what does it reflects in relation to Indian cities?

´The compulsive use of five years plan and the ‘scheme system’ is appropriate and efficient in the creation and implementation of urban policies?

´Who are the key actors in urban planning in India?

´If the decision-making and financing distribution as at State level, to what extent can be involved the civil society, NGOs and/or ULBs in this process?

Millions of personal data belonging to people across the globe from Facebook was gathered and then allegedly used by the political consultancy Cambridge Analytica for politcal purpses, notably election influence. Apartb from the nose-diving market value of Facebook, key questions have arisen: Did Facebook do enough to prevent the data breach? Is this a new low for privacy? Is this a new low for the democratic process? Should Facebook be regulated like any other business? And should Mark Zukerberg step down or shutter the social network? Interesting questions begging for anwers!

We would like to have our whole questionnaire to be answered in less than 5 minutes and we need to be cost-effective with the time of our respondents.

We thought using the Beck Depression Inventory and the STAI questionnaire, but were wondering if GHQ-28 would be a better election.

Can any one name existing and under planning use cases of BlockChain Technology?

Like

1) Electronic voting in literature it is available but does it really exist

2) Banking Gross Settlement  like RTGS

3) Cross border payments

4) Supply Chain

In the USA, the voting results in most presidential elections in recent years have always been nearly equally divided between the two opposite sides. As a result, the election result is determined by a small minority of "swayable" voters.

Ideally it would seem that given the same facts, most thinking people would clearly see which candidate to vote for, with a resulting overwhelming majority decision.

Is the actuality of nearly equal division between liberals and conservatives common in other democracies? Or is this peculiar to the USA with its two-party system?

Right after the 2016 US election, we heard a lot about the "echo chamber" that saw a lot of people talking about issues in social media, but mostly to people of similar beliefs.

Why did neither side have much success persuading people of conflicting beliefs and what should we do differently in the future?

What can we learn about future political persuasion?

See more thoughts here:

I want to predict 2018's election of Pakistan. which algorithm of classification would be the best?

I have just thought about J48, Random Forest and Artificial Neural Network...

I need your suggestions.

Regards

For an academic research

Iam working on simulating a wsn protocol that select the CH based on fuzzy logic in ns2

I need to know how to select the CH in ns2 .

Thank you all

There have been many proponents of the concept of political branding which is basically an amalgamation of the dual concepts of politics and branding. Question is, what all activities and events as practiced and performed by the political parties and leaders would qualify to be considered under the concept of political branding? Asking this question so as to understand how well the concept of political branding could be understood in terms of these of activities.

Dear all, I'm trying to find data on electoral volatility in the following countries:

- Albania

- Bulgaria

- Czech Rep.

- Estonia

- Hungary

- Israel

- Lithuania

- Poland

- Slovenia

- Slovakia

- Kosovo

I found data for Western Europe, but I did not find any about this region. Thank you very much for your help!

Hi Scientists!!

I am trying to choose the best model in a experimental arrangement of four factors and three levels.

I don't know what model is more correct? I chose Box-Behken but I am thinking about central-composite design.

I wanna be sure of my election!

Can you help me?

Modern politics has been witness to aloofness on the part of the voters when it comes to voting on the D-Day as has been highlighted in the works of many thinkers as well as the data corresponding to the elections. This is particularly true for western democracies like USA and France which went to polls recently. The downturn in the voter turnout has been discussed at length by many experts. Question is, what all reasons could be behind it?

Forms of collective behavior include electrons, photons, elections, crowds, mobs, panics, terrorism acts, disaster behavior, rumors, mass hysteria, moral panics, and fads and crazes, which can be spontaneous or not. An example of stimulated (non-spontaneous, organized) collective behavior is of a social movement, designed to bring about or resist change in society.

Could collective behavior, as defined above, be modelled, mutatis mutandis (making necessary alterations while not affecting the main point at issue), by the physics of fluids? Do you know of any reference or project in this area?

For example, the viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress, expressing its resistance to shearing flows, where adjacent layers move parallel to each other with different speeds. It is known that gels or fluids that are thick, or viscous, under static conditions will thin (less viscous), stay the same, or thicken more over time when shaken, agitated, sheared or otherwise stressed, with time-dependent behavior (memory) or not, as described in physics of fluids. This behavior can be quite sudden, cumulative, and at first-sight surprising or catastrophic.

NOTE: This new theory of physics of fluids applied to collective behavior is hereafter more simply called "PFACB theory" or "PCB Theory".

The present question can be viewed in two parts, namely, the influence which religion has on the outcome of an election and the bearing which it has on the economic progression made by a country. Asking so because as per some recent studies, atheism has been associated with economic progression in some of the developed nations. Moreover, it was brought to the limelight that in countries like USA, people are increasing shunning religious beliefs thus highlighting that indeed religion and economy could very well be two sides of the coin or are they? This needs to be viewed for such countries like India, one of the most religious countries (more than 90% of the population believes in it) as well as China, one of the least religious nations (almost 70% of the population doesn't believe in any religion).

Whilst I did my doctoral work in the field of political branding, I came across the works of various western authors who advocated adopting a consumer-oriented approach rather than a civic-oriented one for the reason that voters in western nations view their political choices akin to commercial ones. Question is, does this approach serve the purpose in a democracy like India?

It is a known fact that in a democratic set-up how do voters exercise their franchise to vote goes a long way with regard to how accountable the next government is going to be. In fact, the progress of a democracy is very much dependent on the right choices being made by the voters during the course of an election. In this regard, it becomes pertinent to dwell upon the various reasons which enable a voter to vote judiciously. The question is, what all factors enable a voter to vote in a rational manner during an election? This needs to be explored particularly in the case of such democracies like India which is not as much evolved (on the virtue of being relatively new) as compared to say the USA or Britain.

Economic and political activities are the two most important aspects as far as the affairs of a nation are concerned. Question is, how much interdependence these two have on the other, especially the economic activities on the political ones? Asking so because there are many instances when the economic decisions taken by the incumbent prove to be its doing or undoing in the bid for reelection. The success alleged by the incumbent or the failure as pointed out by the opposition on the economic front play major role in such a scenario.

When one talks about the elections which take place for electing the central legislative bodies like Parliament, it is but obvious that the campaigning associated with it would be having a pan-country dimension as compared to a regional/state-level election. The question is, how different these two modes of campaigning are to each other and how do parties approach the same?

With time, political branding has made its presence felt in the domain of elections and this gets duly reflected in the various works of western thinkers who have opined that having a consumer-oriented approach towards elections gives the party and leader an opportunity to view elections from a consumer perspective as against the civic-oriented approach which talked about it being a civic duty of voters to vote. How much relevance these two approaches have today?

There has been an increasing attempt towards highlighting the impact of social media in the outcome of an election. However, it really needs to be understood that impacting the outcome of the election and spreading awareness about the political parties and leaders are two different aspects which normally people consider same. It is much difficult to gauge the impact of social media on the outcome of the election for the simple reason that there are other factors, including offline campaigning, which play a crucial role in the final outcome. Question is, does their exist a mechanism by which one can measure the impact of social media on the outcome of an election?

My just-concluded doctoral work featured the topic of political branding, a concept which is much popular in western democracies and has been extensively used in the advanced democracies like USA. I couldn't help but notice the differences, as well as the similarities which exist between the two nations as far as the notion of having a democratically elected government and the style of governance, is concerned (Presidential vs Prime Ministerial). This made me think about all the characteristics which these two democracies exhibit.

Anti-incumbency is something which people tend to highlight whenever elections happen in India. It has become almost a trend to blame anti-incumbency whenever an incumbent loses an election. However, people start looking for plausible reasons when an incumbent party storms back to power. The question is, does anti-incumbency reflect the mood of the electorate or not?