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What is the best book of rock mechanic, rock engineering, geotechnical engineering, and soil mechanics? . Iam a geothecnical mining engineering and I know that "Rock Slope Engineering" 4th and 5th edition books are good.
best regards, hendra
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Hi Hendra
I recommend Chapter 15 of Rock Slope Engineering 4th edition to any geotechnical engineer interested in open pit slope design.
Again for open pits, the Guideline books by the LOP project, published by CSIRO are very helpful, in particular
- Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design (2009) and
- Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design in Weak Rock (2018)
Regards
Marc
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Does anyone have a PDF file of the book, Introductory Mycology by Alexopoulos, 4th edition??
Kindly send it to my email: sarah_wahdan@science.suez.edu.eg
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Hi sarah::::
Wiley, the publisher, still selling it for about 300 american dollars. So I think it not easy to get your pdf for free at the moment.
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If an older book has been used, must I obtain the newest edition and cite that, or is the earlier version acceptable to cite?
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Ajit Singh's answer is very much to the point. I would like to continue the question of context that he raised.
If you are trying to establish that an author was the first to develop an idea, then it is more appropriate to cite the first edition in which the idea appeared. This becomes imperative, for instance, when a taxonomist is citing a species named for the first time in one particular edition.
If you are trying to establish that you have consulted current literature, it will be more effective to cite the latest edition, even if the two editions say the same thing. A reviewer who suggests a later edition is generally trying to be helpful to the author of a manuscript. This does put people with poor library access at a disadvantage, but as Dr. Singh pointed out, it is always acceptable to cite the edition that you read.
If the timing of the edition is not a factor, then there is no real need to search for a later or earlier edition of the work. It is important to cite *only* an edition that you have actually consulted.
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If you have please share it with me at stevegjostwriter@gmail.com Basic Technical
Mathematics with
Calculus, SI Version, 11th edition
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Use the source for book pdf: https://libgen.is/
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I want to publish research paper in special issue by Elsevier, that journal offers authors two choices to publish research (Gold open access and Subscription).
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Yes, publishing in a special issue edition by Elsevier may involve charges. Costs depend on the chosen model: Subscription or Gold Open Access. The Gold Open Access model requires authors to pay Article Publishing Charges, typically ranging from $200 to $10,100, allowing for universal access to the article. The Subscription model provides access through institutional subscriptions or personal Pay-per-View options.
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Would you like to join our workshop as an invited speaker? Send your abstract and your CV at contact of https://photocatalysis-workshop.eu/ and you can become our Invited speaker! 3 slots available! Students would be able to attend our online edition free of charge based on their student card and vouched by a Professor! We are looking forward for your Abstract submissions until 15th of July!
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Dear Mirela,
Many thanks for giving me such an opportunity! I apologize, but unfortunately, in July I have a busy schedule and have no time to prepare a contribution.
All the best!
Maria.
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JCR 2023-2024
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As per latest JCR report 2023-24, 9000 ESCI journals have been assigned Impact Factor Sir.
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Is it a good journal "Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition)"?
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The journal “Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition)” with website https://jilindaxuexuebao.com is a hijacked version of Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition).
The legit homepage is most likely http://xuebao.jlu.edu.cn/gxb/EN/1671-5497/home.shtml (which as you can see is exclusively for Chinese authors and written in Chinese language, see enclosed file for an example).
This journal is a known and identified example for being a victim of hijacking as can be found here https://retractionwatch.com/the-retraction-watch-hijacked-journal-checker/ See also the comments at the corresponding SCImago link where victims of this fraud describe their experiences.
So, be warned to stay away from this one.
Best regards.
PS. Even if one is not aware of the hijacking there are numerous red flags when it comes to the fake version:
-The fake website is a poor and vaguely constructed one
-Basically, all info (contact info etc.) is missing
-The journal is mentioned on the ores site https://ores.su/en/journals/jilin-daxue-xuebao-gongxuebanjournal-of-jilin-university-engineering-and-technology-edition/ Over the last few years I’ve seen numerous example of journals with issues (hijacked, fake peer review, exploiting Scopus indexing for as long as possible, already discontinued from Scopus etc.).
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I am the author of Programmable Heuristics:
I have been wondering if there may be methods of applying my heuristics to commercial applications like games, or improving the web.
Does anyone have experience with something mildly related, even if it's just using HTML L-frames or imbedded excel sheets?
I would like to see heuristics applied in the real world, but I have seen few examples of that.
My sense is it could be mathematical enough that it could simply organize text or determine outputs fairly easily, as it is designed to be simply organized.
Thanks for your help!
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IMO YOU'RE BETTER Off if you can prove optimality. A heuristic is just a rough guess and someone else can often beat it. Why spend the time to program what is essentially a rough guess. David Booth
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Requesting help regarding finding the oldest printed copy of Qur’an Ajim
Brother, salam and best wishes.
I am a lawyer in Dhaka, Bangladesh. I am currently researching the matter of the preservation of the Qur’an Ajim. My hypothesis is that Allah Rabbul Alamin did not promise to preserve the Qur’an Ajim despite the contrary claim on the basis of Verse No. 9 of Sura No. 15 - Suratul Hijri: “Wa inna lahu lahafizuna”. I say this because of the overwhelming evidence that I have discovered in the text of the Qur’an of its corruption, including declarations of Allah Tayala that Qur’an has been distorted, interalia, at “thumma yuharrifoonahu”, verse No. 75 of Suratu-lbakarati [2:75].
I am using ‘the Meaning of the Glorious Quran, Text, Translation and Commentary’ by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, published in 1938 by Dar al-Kitab al-Masri, Cairo and Dar al-Kitab Allubnani, Beirut, 3rdEdition, 1938 for my research. I also possess a digital copy made my scanning the printed 1937 ’THE HOLY QUR-AN: ARABIC TEXT WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY, BY 'ABDULLAH YÜSUF 'ALI’ Three-Volume Edition, 1937, PUBLISHED BY SHAIKH MUHAMMAD ASHRAF, Kashmiri Bazar, Lahore (India)[1].
I have found that the first printed Qur’an was the Venetian printer Alessandro Paganini produced the first Arabic Koran in 1537/38[2]; we know one in St. Petersburg in Russia at the request of Catherine the Great (1762-1796); and one or more copies before the seminal edition was published by the Amiri Press in the Bulaq district of Cairo on July 10, 1924, see for details, interalia, at Wikipedia[3]. “It is the first printed Quran to be accepted by a Muslim authority—Al-Azhar”, states Wikipedia.
I am looking for the 1924 Cairo edition of the Qur’an Ajim. Do you know where I can access a digital version of that copy, or can download a PDF copy of that?
I would appreciate any help. Jajakallahu khairan.
With best regards.
[1] Available online at a Government of India website, among other places, https://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/holy-qur-arabic-text-english-translation-and-commentary-0, accessed last on 04.12.2022. It is mentionable that it is very difficult to find any digital copy of this publication. A second location is https://archive.org/details/the-holy-quran-arabic-text-with-english-translation-and-commentary-3-volumes-com, also accessed last on 04.12.2022.
[2]Prof. dr. Harmut Bobzin University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, Early Printed Korans, Holy Books Installment I & II, Brochure, https://brill.com/fileasset/downloads_products/31766_Brochure.pdf, accessed last on 12.12.2022.
[3]Cairo edition, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_edition#:~:text=The%20Cairo%20edition%20(Arabic%3A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81,Muslim%20authority%E2%80%94Al%2DAzhar., accessed last on 12.12.2022.
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Brother Lee Clawson, warm greetings from Bangladesh.
I am sorry that I could not write you earlier. Thank you very much for providing so much information.
There are my replies:
1. I have read the nice piece The Cairo Edition (1924) Hassan Chahdi during my initial research. Its quite good, I agree.
2. On December 14 you wrote: "I can get online access to an "english" version. See link below." But there is no link for any Qur'an, only the attached article mentioned above.
But, I have found the Cairo Qur'an there now, after looking into that site again. But the site is displaying some problem loading, perhaps it will be better later. Thank you.
Many thanks. I appreciate your kind help in this matter. By the way I hope you are safe in the cold storms in the USA now. I have seen the reports on BBC television.
We have found some other sites where scanned PDF copies of the Cairo 1924 Qur'an is provided, along with a plain text. This might interest you, have a look:
Mushaf al-misahat wal'amiria, Publisher: The Amiri Press - The Egyptian Survey Authority, Edition: The first 1342 AH - 1923 AD, Number of volumes: 1, Number of pages: 850.
Collected and arranged at the Amiri Press in Bulaq and printed in the Survey Authority in Giza during the reign of King Fuad I of Egypt
Date of publication: AH 3/29/1437
Digital copy prepared by scanning the original book is available online at the following webpages:
2. mushafElMesaha, at Archive.org: https://archive.org/details/mushafElMesaha/page/n836/mode/2up, accessed last on 18.12.2022;
3. Almeshkat.net https://www.almeshkat.net/book/10487, accessed last on 18.12.2022;
There is a website dedicated to the Qur’an and has the Cairo Qur’an, it states “the printed edition of the Qurʾān published in Cairo 1924 (more precisely Gizeh: Survey and Land Registration Office) as its reference text”.
Edition of the Qurʾān (al-Qurʾān al-karīm), Cairo 1924, Image, Unicode Text, Latin Transcription, digital edition by Michael Marx, in collaboration with Tobias J. Jocham et al. (Corpus Coranicum):
May I learn about your own work on Qur'an please./ I dont suppose someone would know that much about this specialized subject without any previous research.
My best regards and best wishes.
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Hello everyone,
I am trying to estimate the air gap flux density in a surface mounted BLDC motor. To do so, I am refering to the book Brushless Permanant Magnet Motor Design second edition.
The equation I am implementing in MATLAB is in page 153 and more details are given in annex B page 349.
I wrote each equation properly in MATLAB but I am not getting the result expected (page 357).
It's been 2 days already and I don't know where my mistake is.
If anyone has some idea, thank you.
I added the matalb code to this post for you to check and some picture of what I should get.
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Sorry outside of my field.
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Dear colleagues,
I think during your submission of a paper to a journal, you received a request from the reviewer or editor to check your manuscript by a native English speaker. Although this issue seems to be normal and necessary for soundly publishing a scientific paper, finding a native English speaker is not always easy. The high cost of language edition service forms also an additional barrier for many researchers working in labs with limited resources.
What could be the best way for helping these researchers to overcome this problem?
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Hi, this is a very interesting question. I guess this is where collaboration and professional connections come to the forefront. However, it would be beneficial if there were (student led?) programmes in the UK/US that supported this.
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APA 7th edition requires us to cite the full range of pages in the references section. In case only one page number is to be cited, how can we do that?
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Place pagination after the title, enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period. Pagination follows edition and/or volume statements (when these are given). Use the abbreviation p. for one page and pp. for more than one page.
Example:
Citation of Book: Margereson, C. (2003). The development of cardiothoracic surgical nursing. Cardiothoracic surgical nursing (pp. 21-55). Blackwell Science.
Citation of Journal: Landau, H. (2010, September). Winning grants: A game plan. American Libraries, 41(9), 34-36.
Citation of Newspapers: Roy, R., Garcia, J., & Kennedy, J. (2005, July 12). Dennis' trail of destruction - Panhandle sustains pockets of destruction; At least 4 dead. The Orlando Sentinel, p. A1.
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I am looking at example 1, Chapter V, Sec. 19 of the Dover edition of Wasow’s “Asymptotic Expansions for Ordinary Differential Equations”. This is the latest edition of which I am aware. Although this example is an excellent one for demonstrating shearing transformations and determining an appropriate change of variables, the alleged fundamental system to eqn. (19.30) is clearly erroneous. The following formula is likewise in error although consistent. Is this overlooked in all reviews and revisions? After all, a fundamental series is, by definition, an exact solution and not just a formal series. One may expect addition of lower-order terms in (19.30), but the author explicitly rules this out and claims to have achieved a terminating series. Can any experts shed some light on this oversight/neglect?
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Recently, I have started teaching Information Security aka Cybersecurity course at my university. I'm covering most the contents from the following books:
[1] Charles P., Shari P., Jonathon M., Security in Computing, 5th Edition.
[2] William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, 7th Edition.
However, these books are focused on academic perspective. I'm searching such a book which has covered academy as well as research, mentioned recent advancement in Cybersecurity. You can also tell about courses or websites contain good resources. Thanks in advanced.
Regard-
Md. Sabir Hossain
Faculty Member, Dept. of CSE, CUET
Initiator, Be Researcher BD (BRBD)
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i found many useful insights and will be waiting for more . Thank you
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Hello everyone, I want the solution manual for this book if there anyone have the solutions kindly refer it to me , Best regards.
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i am
professor
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Are there any software's that would help me enhance the quality of writing the different chapters?
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Google scholar provides the references in APA style 7th Edition. Find the concerned paper or book on Google scholar; then, under the title you find inverted commas and cite, click there and the reference in APA or MLA or others appears. Now, copy paste it.
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Here Radiation is not allowed because antibody will be destroyed because you can not confined Radiation therapy for particular place.
Ramdesivir is enough to tackle.
Please follow journal www.ijcrt.com
April edition
COVID19and it's medicine.
Dr Saroj Khan
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The latest systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that, despite a mild improvement in intubation-free days, whole lung irradiation had no significant effect on patients' overall survival, so that routine use of whole lung irradiation cannot be recommended for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.
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What is the Ka and Kb in the "Design curves for optimum single-stage ejectors".
The image attached is taken from perry's handbook 8th edition for the design of ejectors.
The reference give in is DeFrate and Hoerl, Chem. Eng. Prog., 55, Symp. Ser. 21, 46 (1959).
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ratio of specific heats. Generally gamma in the aerospace world
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D.V. Parin reviewed the Exocoetidae account in Fishes of the Galapagos (Grove & Lavenberg, 1997). I am now collaborating with Douglas Long PhD, on the second edition and I would like to reestablish communications with Dr. Parin. What would be the best way to locate his contact information?
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Social Media Platforms
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I'm preparing the second edition of my monograph on "warning" (inzar theme) with the following title:
"Inzar Theme: An Example of Methodological Quran Exegesis"
It contains 8700 words.
What publisher do you suggest for publishing my book?
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Thanks Medhat! I know it, too. But my question is remaining.
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For me, I prefer the end products but not too expensive. For example the newest international edition of important medical books, than raw materials for example still about many data that must be analyzed but I can't understand and feel confuse to proceed them.
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Some products need to be imported as ready states, and some can be made locally with the imported raw materials.
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Need help and guidance.
My system specifications are:
Processor - Intel (R) Core (TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60 Hz a.80 GHz
Installed Memory - 8.00 GB (7.76 GB useable)
System type: 64 bit operating system, x64-based processor
windows 10 pro edition
But When I run simple compound like that (LiNbO3) to optimize its geometry using CASTEP, it takes 30-35 hours.
Now anyone can give me some useful tips to optimize geometry quickly. I am new in this field I don't know very well. on learning stage. Bundles of thanks in advance.
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Refine button is a separate tool to initially rearrange atoms location based on their atomic size and valance information.
The coarse/medium/fine criteria can be setup trough the geometry optimization step.
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in chapter 10 of "introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology a problem solving approach" 3rd edition book, I've met this problem however it's calculated with a wrong parameters and calculation within the book itself, but I've tried to solve it with the right parameters according to what's mentioned in the book but with a non-realistic answer?!
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In section 1.4,The answer of 13th exercise question is not correct.In the question 13(d), the answer is printed as True. But the Domain under consideration is set of all integers.When we apply negative integers 3n > 4n. Example -6 > -8. So the universal quantifier when applied to the domain the set of integers, ithe given proposition will not hold for all integers. Hence the answer must be false.
This Textbook( 8th edition ) has been used by students of most of all universities in this world. So this error must be noticed.Whats your opinion?
See the attachments.
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Books are known to have errata.
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It is common to find endless names on many article types, but sometimes we need to stop. Guidelines, journals... Where can you find the definitions of these article types? How many names can you think of? Could you give them a definition?
I will like to start with some of the articles names, can anyone give a definition on them?
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Thank you very much for your contributions. I will take a look at all the links...
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I'm doing a systematic review, primarily consisting of intervention studies following PRISMA guidelines. I have found 2 books that might be useful but don't want to purchase both.
The first book is "Doing a Systematic Review: A Student's Guide" by Boland et al., (2017)
The other is the "Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions" by Higgins et al., (2019), second edition.
I just want something simple to follow that I can refer to if needs be. I'm open to other recommendations also.
Many Thanks,
Matt
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You can perform meta-analysis according to the Cochrane Handbook. It provides detalied and standardized instruction for meta-analysis.
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Several reports exists relating to the frequency fundamental of male and female speech. Though they not all agree, there is a clear trend that the fundamental frequency of men's voices is lower than females. One example: "The voiced speech of a typical adult male will have a fundamental frequency from 85 to 155 Hz, and that of a typical adult female from 165 to 255 Hz."[1]
QUESTION: Is it meaningful to study speech below these frequencies and why?
I am studying speech directivity and for some reason in the literature the male and female voice seems to repeatedly compared at 125 Hz, near the male fundamental. This seems nonsensical to me but maybe there is a good reason for this? I have recorded a fair bit of female speech and I see very little sound energy in this frequency band.
[1] Baken, R. J. (2000). Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice, 2nd Edition. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd. (pp. 177), ISBN 1-5659-3869-0. That in turn cites Fitch, J.L. and Holbrook, A. (1970). Modal Fundamental Frequency of Young Adults in Archives of Otolaryngology, 92, 379-382, Table 2 (p. 381).
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I find your research interesting. Now bear in mind that one of the objectives of conducting researches is to prove or support existing theories as well as yield results which are dissimilar to the available published findings and resources. I believe you would want to choose either of these two options.
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Does anybody know a free software for the edition of science figures different from photoshop?
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Thanks so much, Andrey
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With the new APA format (7th Edition) I am curious of its contribution to research.
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APA Citation Guidelines
When writing academically, it is very important to properly cite and reference the materials used in your writing. Proper citation allows your readers to further explore your particular subject matter. Citing also protects you against plagiarism by clearly indicating and differentiating which information comes from other sources and which is your own work and writing. Following a uniform style, such as the APA style guide, helps display your facts, key points, and scientific findings simply and clearly for your readers. Finally, by following a uniform style, the publication process is more efficient for author and publisher alike, allowing for the swift and accurate typesetting of your work.
The APA, or American Psychological Association, style was created in 1929 with the goal of setting down a set of rules and standards for scientific writing that would simplify the style while increasing reader comprehension. IGI Global has chosen the APA style for its simplicity, its ease of use, and its focus on scientific subjects. Below is a guide that we at IGI Global hope will aid our authors in the use of the APA style.
In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used to show where you retrieved the information that you are using to make specific arguments in your writing. In the APA Publication Manual (7th edition), in-text citations are covered on pages 253-278.
Below are some general rules to follow when using in-text citations.
APA Citation Basics
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Jones, 1998).
Note: In-text citations may NOT be indicated by bracketed numbers. If your in-text citations do not follow the author-date method, please correct them prior to submission.
If you are referring to an idea from another work but not directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article, or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text citation. All sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
Types of Citations
Integrated Citations
A work that is directly referenced within the text by the author’s, or multiple authors’, name is called an integrated citation. When this happens, cite the source by placing the year of publication in parentheses following the author’s name, as in the following example:
The work of Jones (1998) has been used by many professors to show . . .
When there is an integrated citation for a work with multiple authors, separate the authors with the word “and.” For example:
Jones and Collymore (1994) showed in their previous work that . . .
In an integrated citation that includes “et al.” (see In-Text Citations: Author/Authors), you would write the citation as such:
Park et al. (2003) discuss the prospect of having more than eight signatures. . . .
When writing an integrated citation for multiple citations, treat each citation as its own integrated citation. You would then separate the citations by a comma and an “and” between the last two citations.
The authors of Dalglish (1977), Jones (1998), Jones and Collymore (1994), and Park et al. (2003) discuss in their research . . .
Parenthetical Citations
If the work is not directly referenced in the text but still needs to be cited, the citation will be moved to the end of the sentence, and the author’s name will be included along with the publication year, as in the following example:
(Churchill, 1943).
A more detailed discussion of parenthetical citations can be found in the In-Text Citations: Author/Authors section.
Paraphrasing Materials
When using information from one of your sources, but not directly quoting text from that work, this is paraphrasing. When paraphrasing a sources work, you must cite their work by listing their name and the year of publication where the information is used, like so:
Although the APA style can seem difficult, it often is very easy to use once it has been practiced (Jones, 1998).
While a page number is not required for paraphrased material, it is often preferred since this can help your readers find the exact source of the information. The page, or range of pages, where the information is found is identified by a “p.” for a single page or “pp.” for multiple pages. For example:
Although the APA style can seem difficult, it often is very easy to use once it has been practiced (Jones, 1998, pp. 24-32).
When you are citing an electronic, online material, or a source that doesn’t have a page number, use the paragraph number where the information is found. The paragraph number is indicated by “para.”An online source cited like this would look like this:
The APA style has shown a 25% increase in knowledge retention (Jones, 1998, para. 3).
Never use the page numbers of Web pages you print out, because different computers can print out Web pages with different pagination.
Quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses, as in an integrated citation.
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation, as in a parenthetical citation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
The following section presents a more in-depth discussion of parenthetical and integrated in-text citations.
In-Text Citations: Author/Authors
APA style has a series of important rules on using author names as part of the author-date system. In this section, we will go over the rules dealing primarily with author names and publication dates.
Citing an Author or Authors
A basic citation will always use the author-date system shown above in the APA Citation Basics section. The pages the information is found on can also be included.
(Dalglish, 1977, pp. 47-49)
A Work by Two Authors
Name both authors in the parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word "and" between the authors' names within an integrated citation, and use an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation:
(Dalglish & Rush, 1983)
A Work by More Than Two Authors
List the first author followed by et al.
(Barnes et al., 1988)
Unknown Author
If there is no author listed for the source, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase, or use the first word or two in a parenthetical citation. Titles of books and reports are italicized or underlined; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are placed in quotation marks.
A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using APA," 2001).
In “Using APA” (2001), students learned to format research papers.
Note: In the rare case "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author.
Organization as an Author
If the author is an organization or a government agency, write the organization’s full name in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.
The purpose of the style was to give clarity and simplicity to the writing (American Psychological Association, 2000).
According to the American Psychological Association (2000), . . .
If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations.
First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000)
Second citation: (MADD, 2000)
Two or More Works Cited at the Same Time
When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list, separated by a semi-colon.
(Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)
If multiple works by the same author or authors are cited simultaneously, use commas between the publication years, again, listing the sources in the same order that they appear in the reference list.
(Berndt, 2002, 2004)
Authors with the Same Last Name
To prevent confusion, use first initials when last names are the same. The first initial should appear before the last name of the authors.
(G. Johnson, 2001; P. Johnson, 1998)
Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation.
Research has shown (Allen, 2013a) that . . .
It was later discovered that these signs were indicative of a great underlying cause (Allen, 2013b).
Personal Communication
For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicator’s name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. Do not include personal communication in the reference list.
Many students have difficulty with the APA style initially (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
Citing Indirect Sources
If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source (the source that was cited) in your signal phrase. List the secondary source (the source that cited the original source) in your reference list and cite the secondary source in parentheses.
Johnson argued that . . . (as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102).
Unknown Date
If no date is given, use the abbreviation "n.d." (meaning "no date") in the place of a publication year.
Another study of students and research decisions discovered that students succeeded with tutoring (Sterling, n.d.).
Reference List
Unlike in-text citations, reference citations include additional details beyond author and date. Each reference citation is made up of four parts: Author, Date, Title, and Publication Data. This information will be listed at the end of your article under the subtitle “References.” In the APA Publication Manual (7th edition), references, with examples, are covered on pages 313-352.
The following is a step-by-step guide to building a reference citation using each of these four parts.
Reference List: Author/Authors
The following rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.).
Single Author
List the author’s last name first, followed by the author’s initials. For example: Fowler, R. B.
Fowler, R. B. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
Two Authors
List authors by their last names and initials. Use an ampersand (&) instead of "and," and include a comma between them. For example: Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E.
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
Three to Twenty Authors
List authors by their last names and initials. Use commas to separate author names, while the last author’s name is preceded again by an ampersand. For example: Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., Bach, J. S., Next, U., Thomas, I., March, K., Bishard, K., Leister, I., Ulrich, H., Brehm, M., Frey, K., Isi, M., Mel, S., Ano, D., Karatzas, K., Mart, Q., & Stevens, C. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
More Than Twenty Authors
List the last names and initials of the first nineteen authors, separated by commas. An ellipsis (. . .) will then be used, followed by the final author’s last name and initials. Never use et al. in a reference citation. For example: Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., Bach, J. S., Next, U., Thomas, I., March, K., Bishard, K., Leister, I., Ulrich, H., Bre…
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I've many questions when it comes to the development of a scientific work. Please be patient :)
  • When I refer to "research methodology" I'm talking about an complete process of developing a research: from the definition of a problem to the final paper review.
  • About Citation & Bibliography, it seems to me that the APA' 7th edition manual is the most useful because it's the style that I use the most.
  • When it comes to publishing I'm refering to the paper's submition, peer review and publication processes.
  • Which SPSS book is best and why.
PS: I've been using Mendely for organisation purposes almost one year but, I haven't use any other... in your personal experience do you think there is a better software?
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If it is about mendely I could add zotero and readcube.
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I got to know about Mliclos schweitzer Competition(named after the brilliant Hungarian mind who unfortunately left us in World War-II) .These problems are so lively and motivating,and AOPS contains problems upto its 2020 edition,which means it is still going on.
I wanted to know any website for Mliclos schweitzer competition,2021 or its past editions;and how to enroll to sit for this,And who all are eligible. Kindly respond if you have any information.
Thanks in advance!
P.S. Feel free to have discussion over the commen section regarding this,but I hereby declare this to be closed(notifications) as of now.The suggested book in the comment section is really interesting,and highly reccomended.
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Interesting topic.
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Hello everyone,
for my Masters thesis im conducting a CBC on vinyl records. After a brainstorming session with 20 vinyl buyers these attributes will be part of my CBC:
Condition of the record
Condition of the cover
Limitation
Color
Additional Gimmicks (like Posters)
Edition (first press, repress)
Almost everyone in the brainstorming session mentioned price as an important attribute. But concerning different price levels in different genres there´s simply no way to find an average price suiting for every genre. Is there a way to solve this problem? Thanks in advance
Best Wishes
Daniel
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Here's one suggestion:
[1] Use price. Otherwise, the responses will not be realistic.
[2]] As you introduce the conjoint survey to respondents, develop a scenario which describes the genre of the music. Then, vary prices in a way that is suitable for the genre. If you wish, vary the genre across different sets of respondents. Then, see if price response differs by genre.
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Incredible front cover page from Time magazine to coincide with the #nft craze. Time will now accept #cryptocurrency as a form of payment for their digital subscription.
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I do not think so. CBDCs, in case they will be implemented in one way or the other, will just be fiat money in a digital form. The question is whether public/permissionless cryptocurrencies will be able to replace fiat. I consider this to be unlikely since this might interfere with current governance structures.
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Hello,
I’m currently studying ABAQUS subroutine, UMAT. I managed to install Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 Version 16.2, Intel Parallel Studio XE2019 Update 4 Cluster Edition and ABAQUS 2019. Please see the attached command prompt window.
Also after I submitted my job. I’m receiving this error. “Include file "aba_param.inc" required for compilation is not found. This may indicate a problem with the Abaqus installation”. I searched that file but couldn’t find such file in my computer.
1. Is my three programs inked well?
2. Where I can find aba_param.inc file?
I read lot of forum post and some comments on this issue. But I did not manage to find a solution yet. Please help me to solve this issue?
Thank You,
Janitha.
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Hello,
I have the same question as yours,Have you solved the problem?my edition is aba2020+vs2019+iFortran2020.
Thanks a lot
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Research Outreach
I received an email today from this publication inviting me to submit an article to their next edition, which all sounded great until they say I will need to pay something towards publication. Now that is a red flag to me - but has anyone else had experience of using this publication please? (both positive and negative please)
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Agreed with dear Caitlin
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I am looking for a copy of the resume book of UEP2013 Asian Edition (Urban Environmental Pollution 2013 Asian Edition) held in Beijing. If somebody has it, please I would like to obtain an electronic copy.
Thank you very much,
Juan
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ok, thanks
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If anyone has access to this book. Kindly share it in soft with me.
Managing Knowledge: Building Blocks for Success (Latest Edition)
by Gilbert J. B. Probst , Steffen Raub , Kai Romhardt
If you have any other relevant book to be used as a text book for KM. You sharing will be highly lauded.
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Bassam A. Alyouzbaky thanks a lot for your good suggestion. Sorry for my very late reply.
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I read from the Campbell Biology 10th edition that C4 plants only have cyclic electron flow that generates ATP. However, in the Kelvin cycle, it requires NADPH to reduce the sugar. My question is where do the extra NADPH come from or is there ant other electron donators?
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In the C4 plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle-sheath cells (in C3 plants this occurs in the mesophyll cells). ... In other words, the mesophyll cells act to minimize photorespiration and supply a steady flow of carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle even when the stomata are closed. https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss3/photosyn/respiration.html
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I am an editor at Semina: Exact and Technological Sciences, an open, no fees journal, maintained by the State University of Londrina, Brazil. See journal information at:
We are receiving articles on COVID-19 for a special edition. This special issue on COVID-19 focuses on Epidemiological models, Data-analyzes, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Statistical Analysis, Control and Exit Strategies, ...
The manuscript must be submitted in electronic format:
The journal is open and free of charge for authors. The official DOI is registered for every paper.
We are available for any questions.
Best regards
Dr. Paulo Natti
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Dear authors. Extra edition on Covid 19
I am an editor at Semina: Exact and Technological Sciences, an open, no fees journal, maintained by the State University of Londrina, Brazil. See journal information at:
We are receiving articles on COVID-19 for a special edition. This special issue on COVID-19 focuses on Epidemiological models, Data-analyzes, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Statistical Analysis, Control and Exit Strategies, ...
The manuscript must be submitted in electronic format:
The journal is open and free of charge for authors. The official DOI is registered for every paper.
We are available for any questions.
Best regards
Dr. Paulo Natti
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The process by which all aspects of an architectural project can be controlled from the beginning to the construction of the building. I read two books in this field ..........
1. Architectural Programming: Information Management for Design by Donna P. Duerk
2. Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming Primer 5th Edition, Kindle Edition
by William M. Pena (Author), Steven A. Parshall (Author)
Does anyone know of any books or software related to this topic or scientific articles in this field?
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Thank you dear friends ........... Aryan Shahabian & S. Coates ....
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In High Voltage Engineering by Naidu & Kamaraju(3rd edition) the following is seen in Chapter 3, Conduction and breakdown in Liquid Dieletrics,
Section 3.4.5 Conclusions:
Vb=Adn
Where: d=gap length, A= a constant, and n= a constant, n<1
Now, what is the electric field?
Is it E=Vb/d = (Adn)/d
OR
Is it E= dV/dd = (nA dn-1)
As you can see the answers will be very different!!
ERB
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As an author and a reviewer for several editions I have come across a problem pointed out on many occasions previously, namely the consistency and value of peer-reviews. I have seen good, valuable and even insightful reviews and pretty useless ones and would like to understand what distinguishes the former from the latter.
What in your view would be the value of this (example) review: I don't like this piece; it should not be published at all. I expect that many have seen something similar in their practice. There are many, many variations that I'm not going to cite or spend time on.
In my view, in evaluating a work for publication only a small number of clear decisions can provide more consistent; clear and valuable to the authors and the broader research community outcome.
Decision point 1: is it a scientific result? A scientific result needs to be 1) novel in the field and 2) argumented. If the reported result withstands these checks it has to be accepted as a scientific result, regardless of further decisions, otherwise it can be clearly stated why not (either it's not new, or argumentation is flawed in some way). Result: work is either rejected on scientific merit or it becomes peer-reviewed - regardless of the subsequent publication status.
Decision point 2: does a work that has passed the scientific result check become acceptable for publication in a given edition? This decision is entirely up to the editor who has to sell the edition (not necessarily in the monetary sense) in the community and thus couldn't assure that every submitted scientific result would be published in their edition.
The editor as well as the reviewers can offer suggestions how the presentation of the results can be improved to increase its value - but not at the expense of p.1. Format, structure, style, presentation, language and so on cannot make a scientific result not scientific, and vice versa, clearly. There are well-known examples of generated pseudo-scientific texts with perfect format and structure that were accepted for publication. The editor can ask the reviewers for more detailed feedback, such as importance, impact, clarity and so on, to help in the decision on p.2 but again, not as a replacement, in place of or instead of p.1.
Note that DP.1 serves the broad research community as well as the edition, while DP.2 is mostly for the benefit of the edition. Just ensuring that a review contains a meaningful input on both points would substantially raise its value for the community imho. Any comments?
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Not necessarily, each reviewer has their tastes and preferences ("philias and phobias"); as they say in Spain: "Every teacher has his booklet"
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Third edition application is open soon... if you are an Engineer, medical doctor, teacher, manager ...etc. and interested in learning about reconstruction, and development management , this is your chance, application and interviews will be online. Study and research language is English 100%. Best luck to all
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Is the program funded or not?
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Being an elementary learner in Italian I am in a great need of finding an English or a French translation for the Italian tragedy "La Dalida" by Luigi Groto which is part of my thesis's corpus. I have though a difficulty in locating one.
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@Ahmed Ghazi thanks for looking though. That's very thoughtful of you.
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Water Wells and Pumps, Second Edition
by: S D Khepar, M E (Roorkee), Ph D. (IIT, Delhi), A M Michael, M Tech, Ph. D (IIT, Kharagpur), S K Sondhi, M Tech. (Punjab Agricultural University), Ph D (IARI)
Anyone can help?
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The manuscript will change during the review process.
I don't know, whether I receive funding, so I want to keep costs low.
I am not a native English speaker, but I don't have problems with the language either.
However, I don't know how picky editors are about potential language flaws.
Any ideas or suggestions?
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Yes - although it is also possible that they do realise that you have done good research. But in that case the bad writing (to put it bluntly) will still irritate them, and they will either reject the paper on that basis, or insist that you revise your text and edit that properly. Therefore, it is FAR wiser to make your work ready for printing BEFORE you submit it. It is well worth doing that, and uncompromisingly! I have published many scholarly publications, and know well, from experience, how one's judges will act. I also regularly read submissions from other scholars seeking publication, and the quality of the writing and general presentation (i.e. the use of footnotes etc) influences me very strongly. Of course WHAT is said is the most important thing, but if it is said badly one cannot, alas, accept the submission, and only the contributor can - and should - make the necessary corrections. So do try to get things 100% right from the beginning. It "pays"!
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I am testing single-model CFAs using Amos. Is there anything different in procedures for testing for factorial invariance with a single-factor model than in a multi-factor model?
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There is no difference, but in the one-dimensional model in AMOS you can make MIMIC SEM model where you can include your SEM model as predictors the variables of age categories, sex, etc, if there is significant effect indicates lack of equivalence otherwise evidence that there is invariance, also allows you to determine evaluate the effect on each element, determining whether there is the differential analysis of the item (DIF)
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Hi, does anyone have a copy of 'Foreign Policy Analysis' by Chris Alden 2017 edition?
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Please, go to a library and ask for interlibrary loan.
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I have seen, in the Q&A section of Andrew Hayes website, that he doesn't use BCa bootstrap (with his macro PROCESS) to estimate the indirect effect of a mediation analysis, but uses percentile bootstrap. But, in Andy Field's book (Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics - North American 5th Edition), on page 375 and 376, Field wrote "... BCa CI ..." to report the indirect effect, even if he is using PROCESS. So... is this a mistake by Field? Or is Hayes Q&A section of his website outdated (because he also wrote that "Bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals will again be available in a future release of PROCESS"... so maybe BCa CI are now used?)? Here is a fictional example to illustrate my question - I used PROCESS v3.4 (see attachments).
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So, I asked the question directly to mister Hayes and he wrote back to me saying that PROCESS does not uses BCa bootstrap intervals. He also said that
the next release of PROCESS will allow BC bootstrap intervals as an option (BC and BCa are different things).
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Good morning. I have recently switched computers and gotten a new edition of Graphpad. I am trying to open a very large file containing all of my graphs for a project, but am encountering an error: "cannot open the file: The file does not contain data to be opened". I checked it in a text editor and all the required elements are there, and smaller files will open, so I beleive it has something to do with the size. Does anybody know how to extract this data and get it back into prism? Maybe split the file and open the parts? Any help would be appreciated.
-Dana
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I made simple recipe in Python for splitting text files. I have no ide what is Graphpad file, but you can at least try:
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This morning I browsed through the "e-version" of The Nikkei Asian Business Review. The edition carried normal business and economic stories, but in addition, I saw about six (6) or so stories on COVID-19 or Corona Virus. The content of the different COVID-19 related topics included what most people all over the world see everyday; the number of new cases, the death toll etc., In addition to this however, one sees a lot of content COVID-19 impact on trade, politics, economy etc.,
The question I have, to experts in the field are as follows:-
  1. How long do you think it will take for the spread of the virus to reach maturity stage, after which the spread plateaus and start declining.
  2. Are there parallels between COVID-19 and other viruses that broke out before
  3. What will be the true cost of COVID-19, to societies and communities, economies and politics?
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A very broad area to cover in these questions however putting it in logical perspective we can attempt to answer as below:
Q1. There are three scenarios of this virus attack.. Natural close on its own 2. Reach Global pandemic proportion 3.Never fully disappear and continues to resurface in the near future . Current stage is efforts at global containment.
Q2. From history ' Black Death' caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis killed 25% of people only in London and also came from China. No clear reasons available how it stopped. For COVID-19-Traces of similarities can be seen with SARS-CoV (2002), MERS CoV (2012) since origin was again from animals.
Q3. The cost cost be divided broadly into 5 groups
1. Financial cost of containment 2. Future cost of R&D without any definitive time limit for a vaccine 3.Political fallout (poor handling by governments) such as the backlash in China, Iran, Italy, US etc.4. Business losses from order cancellations and market fallout 5.indirect costs or supplementary losses-stock market crashes, oil prices etc
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I am looking for an open source alternative for HDL Simulators such as Modelsim Student Edition (limited version). Any suggestions??
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For VHDL, there is GHDL : http://ghdl.free.fr
Arnaud
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My journal is in Farsi language, and I want to refer the journal using Chicago style, how can I do it?
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با سلام
ابتدا ژورنال مقصد مورد تظر خود را پیدا کنید و با ایشان در به کارگیری سبک مکاتبه کنید. شبیه این کار را من
برای ژورنال خودم از یک ژورنال فتلاتدی اقدام کردم ولی انها از من پول زیادی خواستند
زورنال من: ejournalism.ir
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Papers published in journals which are not indexed by SCOPUS or Web of Science, are not considered for the national assessment of researchers or laboratory performances in many countries. It thus would be much more interesting to publish in journals indexed by SCOPUS or Web of Science, or both . Otherwise the quality of their content may be subject to caution.
This question might overlap with the interest to publish in open-access journals, which for many of them are not indexed, - mainly because they prevent the leaders of edition from some money. Among these open access journals, there might be some good journals, but they are still considered with caution due to the situation in regard of major indexation sites.
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There is another point to be considered. Some journals are not indexed by SCOPUS or Web of Science because their articles are not written in English. However, there are good and respectful journals with very good articles written in their native languages because some specific topics are more interesting to local audiences, with more potential readings, than if these articles were published in an international journal (e.g. case studies from a specific area). Here in Brazil, the journal called "Águas Subterrâneas" (Groundwater Journal) is very important, with a good audience, but the majority of the papers are written in Portuguese.
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I co-authored an article in 2011 on a new effective Migraine treatment (Winter Edition of the Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine), authored by Kenyon and Phillips yet Research Gate prints that I cannot upload unless I am an author. I am! My name was second but I equally authored and performed the research.
B L Phillips
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I will suggest to try to add them back if it fails then contact researchgate.
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The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (APA 7) was released recently, what are the new features in this edition? how does it differ from APA 6?
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Hi mate,
What families will you cover in this project? If you do cover Tenebrionoids, I could send some of my papars on Palaearctic fauna to you cuz there are some new records or new species published after the first edition and you may need them to your updated version.
Best,
Yun
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You can have a look in the 1st edition of this volume. For sure, it covers all Tenebrionoidea
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Dear Experts
Hi
we wanted to determine ammonia concentration by phenate method according Standard methods for water and wastewater examination 22nd edition. So we prepared Alkaline citrate solution by dissolving 200 g tri-sodium citrate and 10 g NaOH in 1L deionized water.
After few hours we noticed some coloidal sediments has been formed. Could you plese tell me what the reason of this deposition is? How can I prevent this sedimentation?
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@ Hashim Haneen K. Aldhahi
Thanks for your attention
But I used deionized water to prepare alkaline citrate solution. So it is not expectable to find large concentration of iron in it.
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Our edited book ‘Advances in Food Rheology and Its Applications’ (Woodhead Publishing/Elsevier) 1st Edition has well received by academicians and industries. We, the editors (Jasim Ahmed, Pawel Ptaszek, Santanu Basu), are going to revise the book for its 2nd edition. We are inviting interested researchers/academicians who are working in Advances in Food Rheology or the latest trends in Food rheology to contact me (jahmed2k@yahoo.com) with a concrete plan so we can include the new chapter/s in the revised book. Please do not contact for the basics of rheology and topics covered most of the available books in the market.
You can find the current chapters covered in the book by clicking the following link:
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Jasim,
Congratulations on taking the initiative. Fyi, if you're still looking for submissions, I would recommend adding a posting on WikiCFP (www.wikicfp.com/cfp/). It's a platform for posting/browsing academic proposals. A number of the authors I've worked with have used the site successfully to recruit prospective authors.
Lastly, if your team needs help with copyediting/proofreading prior to publication, my company would be honored to support. I’m the proud Founder and Managing Director for JournalEdit, a premium editing service. JournalEdit has been helping researchers worldwide with professional scientific editing since 2012. We have a global network of 300+ experienced scholars (PhD, MD) with expertise across medical, science, and engineering fields. All our editors are exclusively native English speakers and based in the US, UK, Canada, or Australia.
Best wishes for a smooth and successful publication journey!
Best regards,
Hamed Bazaz | Founder, Managing Director | www.journaledit.com
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I have been offered an opportunity to write a book chapter for the 2nd edition of a handbook. The same chapter in the first edition was written by another author. I would like to know if I can utilize his material and only update with recent literature or is it preferable to rewrite the whole chapter. I tried contacting the first author regarding this but all in vain. I would like advise on how to proceed with the same. Thank you.
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If you cannot locate the first writer, you cannot legitimately revise that person's work, as a problem of authorship automatically arises. As it seems that the original author is not findable, it is ESSENTIAL to write ENTIRELY your own chapter. You should nevertheless refer to the previous author and give an indication as to how your work differs. Explain why a second edition - i.e. your piece - is actually needed: why and how. You can, additionally, here and there most certainly quote the work of the first author within the body of your piece, but only with full acknowledgements. Good luck, and congrats on the opportunity you have been given.
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I accidently purchased the first edition -- and would like to obtain the added material from the fourth edition without purchasing another book.
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Thank you for inviting me to publish in this respected journal. Hope you more and more success and I am ready to cooperate 
Emad
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Can someone send me the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd Edition?
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Thanks a lot!
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An electronic application installed on the computer used to convert images to Word or Excel depending on the content of writing.
( ABBYY FineReader 10 Corporate Edition)
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Interesting
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I'm currently using Anylogic personal learning edition 8 for the postgraduate thesis. I would like to use a java editor to edit source code to make it fit to my research.
Although there is a description about java editor on Anylogic help web page, I cannot find it.
Is it possible to use it on free version Anylogic? Or do I need to pay for the licence?
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I prefer to use C++ and it is to find software development by another user
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I would be grateful if anyone could help me in this regard.
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I am attaching one paper on Water Hygiene, Hope it will be interesting to you.
Please confirm the receipt of paper sent to help you.
Prof.Dr.Mahendra Pal
Founder Director of Narayan Consulatncy
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Hello everyone,
i want to prove the existence and uniqueness of SDE (stochastic differential equation ) which depends on a time parameter, a Levy Process and Omega.
The Problem ist found in the Book "David Applebaum: Levy Processes and Stochastic Calculus , 2nd edition " on the page 375 .
I actually proved the existence of such SDE under Lipschitz and Growth condition via the Theorem 6.2.3, but i dont know how to show the uniqueness?
Did someone has any ideas or hints to show the uniqueness ?
Thanks and best wishes
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Actually, under Lipschitz and Growth condition uniqueness is proved by the Gronwall lemma. You assume that on the contrary there exit two solutions of the SDE and evaluate their difference in a suitable norm. Finally you apply the Gronwall
lemma to verify that the difference is zero
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We got two reviews: one suggested edition of text and described the results as spectacular. The second one said the methods used were unreliable, lacking, plain wrong. This second reviewer did not even discuss the results: according to him the faulty methodology invalidated everything. The paper was rejected by the editor. The problem is, the second reviewer is WRONG! And his response is so aggressive and unfair that I strongly suspect a conflic of interest. What should I do?
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Dolores that is indeed the best answer. I too have had a similar experience and it was definitely a conflict of interest since I could identify the reviewer based on his comments. Giving a bad review to papers that he felt were trespassing on his patch was his standard procedure. In this case the editor actually accepted my paper, if you believe a conflict of interest is behind this review it might be an idea to ask the editor to investigate this especially if there are reasons why you wanted to publish in this particular journal.
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Are these feasible?
  • Since the fluid no longer strictly follows the "incompressibility" during heating, I`ve sampled the five coefficients under heating conditions,which are uncorrelated.
  • Since the "incompressibility" is observed under adiabatic conditions, I`ve drawn samples according to the definition of five parameters in "Theory and Simulation of Turbulence [M]", among which some of these parameters are correlated.
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  • The condition "incompressibility" is used for the "NS equations → Reynolds equations → k-ε model".This condition is not strictly correct when the fluid is heated, 'cause the density changes.
  • The five coefficients for the k-εmodel are defined or derived by the equation under the condition that the velocity is constant, i.e. incompressible.
  • In "Uncertainty Quantification of Turbulence Model Coefficients via Latin Hypercude from Method ",Abdelkader Frendi put forward the sampling method of the five parameters.
  • There is a similar sampling method in "Theory and Simulation of Turbulence [M]"(2nd edition)
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The k-ε is not strictly appropriate under almost any real circumstances. Nevertheless, it or close cousins of it are widely and usefully applied in reacting flows in which density is not constant and, in the case of multiple-phase flows, mass is not necessarily conserved in any individual phase. One of the provisos of such applications is that the velocity decomposition is density weighted or what is frequently called Favre averaged, rather than the more customary Reynolds decomposition/averaging.