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at.25.7937 RESUMO O projeto Archiv-Ave "Memória digital-Património documental da bacia do Ave" nasce da necessidade de recuperar e reabilitar o importante acervo histórico da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), numa colaboração entre a Universidade do Minho, a APA e a Casa de Sarmento. Com este trabalho, pretendemos analisar as fontes históricas...
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As the centenary of the Great Depression approaches, this book offers a historical study of its impact on Eastern Europe. Due to its agricultural dominance this region was particularly hard hit. The volume focuses on ten states of the interwar period that had emerged from the Ottoman, Romanov, Habsburg, and Hohenzollern empires and where national s...
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Big Epidemiology represents an innovative framework that extends the interdisciplinary approach of Big History to understand disease patterns, causes, and effects across human history on a global scale. This comprehensive methodology integrates epidemiology, genetics, environmental science, sociology, history, and data science to address contempora...
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This article, provides a historical study of the position and role of medieval Maghreb governments in establishing and controlling irrigation systems in the agricultural economy. it seems that in the Middle Ages there was a conscious policy for agricultural development through the development of irrigation networks and new water technologies. The m...
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Fränkische Bauernweistümer. Ausgewählte Texte, herausgegeben von Karl Dinklage. (Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für fränkische Geschichte. X. Reihe. Quellen zur Rechts- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Frankens 4.) 153 Seiten. Würzburg 1954.
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A proposta deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos debates que permearam o século XX e repercutem até hoje sobre a História Econômica e Social na Antiguidade. Tendo como ponto de partida os debates e controvérsias que compõem tal seara, pretendemos demonstrar as diferentes posições que envolvem essa discussão. Também procurar...
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Vorträge und Forschungen. Herausgegeben vom Institut für Geschichtliche Landesforschung des Bodenseegebiets in Konstanz, geleitet von Theodor Mayer.Band 1: Grundfragen der alemannischen Geschichte. Lindau 1955. 276 S. Band 2: Das Problem der Freiheit in der deutschen und schweizerischen Geschichte. 1955. 177 S. Band 3: Das Königtum. Seine geistigen...
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Rondo Cameron: Stručné ekonomické dějiny světa. Od doby kamenné do současnosti. Victoria Publishing, Praha 1996, 475 strán.
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The economist and Nobelist Friedrich (F. A.) Hayek argues that classical liberal principles of individual liberty, free markets, and spontaneous order are rooted in evolved aspects of human nature. To establish a natural-law proof supporting this argument, Hayek borrowed from Charles Darwin’s controversial theory of natural selection occurring at t...
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Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda II. Meşrutiyet’le birlikte basın – yayın faaliyetlerinde ciddi bir canlanma görülmüş ve bu dönemde hem yerli hem de yabancı birçok dergi ve gazete Osmanlı basın - yayın hayatına yeni bir ivme kazandırmıştır. II. Meşrutiyet döneminin özgürlük ortamında yayın faaliyetlerine başlayan önemli bir dergi de Amerikan Doğu Akdeniz...
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Resumen: En este artículo se aportan unas relaciones de tipo naval-militar, y no solo mercantil, entre las islas Baleares, en especial Mallorca e Ibiza, y Cartagena de Levante (Reino de Murcia) a lo largo de los siglos XVI al XVIII. Al principio, estas relaciones estuvieron vinculadas a la Proveeduría de Armadas y Fronteras, que tenía sede en Carta...
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This study examines Brazil's complex economic journey from 1930 to 2000, exploring the interplay between historical legacies, policy choices, and global economic forces in shaping the nation's development trajectory. It argues that Brazil's economic history during this period is characterized by a series of paradoxes: rapid industrialization alongs...
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En una extensa lista dominada por hombres, Claudia Goldin resultó laureada con el Premio Nobel de Economía de 2023. Goldin es la tercera mujer que recibe este prestigioso premio, la primera fue Elinor Ostrom en 2009, reconocida por su análisis de los bienes comunes, y la segunda fue Esther Duflo en 2019, cuyos aportes se centraron en el estudio de...
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En este artículo se realizará un análisis cuantitativo de una muestra de 165 ventas ocurridas en los términos de Santafé de Bogotá entre 1610-1660, los 50 años con la mayor cantidad de transacciones de tierra para el siglo xvii. Esta investigación se centrará en los medios de pago empleados en estas transacciones de carácter monetario y crediticio:...
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This paper investigates wage volatility and unemployment dynamics in the German labor market during World War I, with a focus on understanding the stability of wages and the increasing trend in expected wages over time. Using a Fractionally Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (FIGARCH) model, we find that wage volat...
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Alexander Bergengrün: Adel und Grundherrschaft im Merowingerreich. Siedlungsund standesgeschichtliche Studie zu den Anfängen des fränkischen Adels in Nordfrankreich und Belgien. (Vierteljahrsschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Beiheft 41). Wiesbaden 1958. 219 S. 21 DM.
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Dentro del marco de la historia económica y la historia judicial, y con base en la consulta de fuentes documentales de archivo, el propósito fundamental de este artículo es analizar los alcances del contrabando interno de tabaco durante las guerras de Independencia y la primera década de vida republicana en la Nueva Granada. Para ello, se examinará...
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Mass tourism in Spain became one of the most prosperous economic sectors in the mid-twentieth century, collaborating in the process of convergence with Europe, using the seductive power of the media, especially the cinema. A quantitative and (to a lesser extent) qualitative analysis methodology was followed. After reviewing the academic literature,...
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El artículo busca visibilizar la existencia de la población esclava que se ubicó en la jurisdicción de Ibagué y la parroquia de Chaparral durante los años 1738-1809 y la dinámica del mercado con relación a la oferta y demanda interna local; además, realiza una aproximación a la composición de las familias esclavas. Por otra parte, pretende dar a co...
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Resumen La Fábrica Argentina de Aviones (FAdeA), localizada en la ciudad de Córdoba, desempeñó un importante rol en la historia económica de nuestro país, como polo impulsor del desarrollo industrial, especialmente durante el período en que estuvo vigente el llamado modelo de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (ISI). Sin embargo, co...
Conference Paper
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The study assesses the Greek economy's trajectory before, during, and after the Greek Economic Crisis (GEC) of the years 2010 - 2018. Originating from a mix of long-standing macroeconomic vulnerabilities and institutional deficiencies in conjunction with the 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the Greek economy was exposed to severe fiscal and...
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This study uses reconstructions of historical Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) in Sweden from 1970–2020 to present a time series approach that analyses the demand for environmental servic�es. The paper’s aim is to analyse environmental adaptation as a historical, economic and environmental process and to explore structural sh...
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A região cacaueira da Bahia, localizada em uma macro-região conhecida como Litoral Sul, em uma área de grande relevância ecológica quem uma e abriga uma rica biodiversidade de espécies pertencentes à Mata Atlântica. Possui cerca de 32 mil agricultores e 565 mil hectares de cacau. A região já produziu cerca de 400.000 t de cacau na década de 80 e o...
Presentation
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This is a fundamental manuscript on the major economic schools of thought in the modern economic history.
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There is a compelling reason to examine the pioneering efforts of individuals when considering societal advancement. Existing literature is sparse and divided. The majority denies significant individual agency in the development of societies. If the individual is not responsible for moving societies forward, then one logical implication is that per...
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Bondage in ancient Rome and Northern America has often been presented as forms of chattel or 'real' slavery as opposed to the 'mild' or hybrid forms of slavery , servitude and coercion found in so many different contexts in Africa, Asia and medieval Europe. 1 Such a distinction is problematic. Anthropologists, sociologists and historians differ con...
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From the early 1950s, the USSR was the second largest contributor to the UN. Following UN rules, it gave much of its contribution in rubles, an infamously unconvertible currency that generally limited Soviet actions overseas. In the hands of UN officials, however, these ‘weak’ rubles became a powerful lever that made UN development projects more So...
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El asunto del patrimonio industrial se encuentra inmerso dentro de una amplitud de estudios y contextos históricos, teóricos, disciplinares y ámbitos relacionados con la historia económica, la historia de la clase obrera y sindical; la arquitectura, el espacio, la tecnología y el lugar, o ámbito natural y cultural donde se ubica. En ese contexto, e...
Book
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Understanding Entrepreneurship provides a comprehensive description of entrepreneurship, and explores how it plays a decisive role in creating growth, employment and prosperity. The book is based on a wide-ranging study of current research, and discusses entrepreneurship in a real world context, looking at how it influences contemporary society....
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Can we use data on the biographies of historical figures to estimate the GDP per capita of countries and regions? Here, we introduce a machine learning method to estimate the GDP per capita of dozens of countries and hundreds of regions in Europe and North America for the past seven centuries starting from data on the places of birth, death, and oc...
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The vast region of the Brazilian Northeast has a significant proportion of its territory subject to severe droughts. This paper provides an analysis of the government’s response to the great droughts the region underwent since the imperial period in the nineteenth century. KEYWORDS: State intervention; drought; climate; economic history of Brazil;...
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The relationship between the land price and the financial system in Brazil has been analysed under different points of view, but little or none significance is given to the interest rate as a factor that underlies the land market with the financial accumulation. The main purpose of this work is to analyse, in a historical perspective, how the land...
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External debt problems, like wars, are common occurrences in a broader historical perspective. They occur every thirty or fifty years, much in the same circumstances. And when they do occur, they put at odds the bondholder and the debtor and leave fundamental imprints on history, though perhaps not, in any lasting fashion, on the memories of lender...
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This study investigates the impact of firms’ legacy institutional imprints on its engagement in corporate misconduct. We discover that a closed economic regime's protectionist policies inscribe imprints in the form of opaque organizational routines and cause incumbent firms to develop competitive limitations. Utilizing the theoretical principles of...
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O presente artigo, realizado no campo da História Política tem como objetivo discutir os interesses nacionais estadunidenses, desde sua política externa, e sua relação com o seu discurso neoliberal. Para tanto, apresenta um estudo bibliográfico acerca da forma como o tema é tratado em trabalhos monográficos disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital Brasile...
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Economic and social scientists are increasingly interested in historical data, but many relevant sources are still available in analog form, limiting accessibility and research potential. This article introduces the WBdigital database, which aims to improve this situation. The database provides digital access to the DIW Wochenbericht (1928–1968), i...
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Ortulf Reuter: Die Manufaktur im fränkischen Raum. Eine Untersuchung großbetrieblicher Anfänge in den Fürstentümern Ansbach und Bayreuth als Beitrag zur Gewerbegeschichte des 18. und beginnenden 19. Jahrhunderts. (Forschungen zur Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte Bd. 3.) Stuttgart: G. Fischer 1961. 213 S., 7 Abb. 44,50 DM.
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The aim of Pioneers of Capitalism was to provide a synthesis of the research that has been done over the past 25 years by the Utrecht social and economic history group, in particular, and by scholars in this field more generally. The framework was the capitalism debate that has received much attention recently. What does the Dutch case tell us abou...
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This article reviews what we know about plague and other epidemic diseases in the northern Low Countries before 1450 – the evidence, its limitations, and its implications. I make three observations. First, sources suggest that the Black Death was severe in central inland areas, although we lack conclusive evidence for its impact in the county of Ho...
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In 2013, Maarten Prak and Jan Luiten Van Zanden published an all-encompassing synthesis on the economic history of the Netherlands following the “Polder-model-theory”, in itself a variant of the “Rhineland model”. In their opinion, relatively low levels of inequality, a consensus model, and a strong civil society were cornerstones that accounted fo...
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Colombia ha vivido, en la última década, dos ciclos conmemorativos en torno a la independencia (1810-2010; 1819-21-2019-21). La producción historiográfica sobre la Independencia y la revolución en Colombia ha pasado por un importante proceso de renovación, haciendo el salto desde la historia económica y social –que no tenía las herramientas para pe...
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Scotland and Northern Ireland have a shared cultural heritage which spans centuries, yet the peoples of these two countries have developed quite differently in socioeconomic terms throughout the 20th century. The divide between them is not only one of thousands of miles of sea but of 400 years of divergent political history where Scotland was more...
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La historia económica, social, política y cultural colombiana ha estado marcada por una presencia estatal intermitente y coercitiva, especialmente en aquellos territorios que, dadas las condiciones geográficas, han sido clasificados como territorios de frontera. En este sentido, el presente artículo de reflexión constituye un primer acercamiento a...
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The article examines the approaches of government departments regarding the development of private shipping on the Amu Darya, emphasizing the importance of the Amu Darya waterway in the context of the development of the Central Asian regional transit potential at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The work also analyzes the financial indicators o...
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Our current historical moment is marked by a widespread sense of (ongoing and anticipated) crises, prompting calls to change existing economic, political, social, and environmental systems. This discourse has directed increased scholarly and policy-orientated attention to the concepts of "transformation" and "resilience." However , beyond attention...
Preprint
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Gold has been a bedrock of economic value for centuries, serving as a foundation for currencies and a hedge against uncertainty. Today, the direct connection between gold and the U.S. dollar is largely symbolic, with the current gold-to-USD ratio revealing that U.S. gold reserves, valued at approximately $653.7 billion, back only about 3% of the to...
Conference Paper
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Czechia has arguably been privileged to live through all currently available economic and political forms over the past century and a half. It should therefore be an ideal case for exploring the evolution of political economies and the ways whereby, and the extent to which, one historical stage influences or determines the next. This paper goes bac...
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Introduction. At the beginning of the 20th century, the theory of social hygiene was widely recognized worldwide. This science’s birthplace is Germany, and its founder is Alfred Grotjahn. In 1904, he presented a scientific concept of social hygiene, including a new hygienic science, field of study, subject, methodology, and scientific methods. Purp...
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Economic history has built a solid scientific foundation over the past decades but runs a risk of becoming marginalized. This paper suggests various ways to enhance its academic and societal relevance. It proposes taking pressing societal issues as clear starting points and using history as a ‘laboratory’ to address them. To effectively do so, a sh...
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El artículo tiene como objetivo: identificar los principales antecedentes que, el derecho a la propiedad tiene en la historia constitucional republicana del país a partir de una revisión de aspectos fundamentales del desarrollo económico y constitucional de los siglos XIX y XX. Método: para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, se hizo aplicación de u...
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As a significant trade item on the ancient Silk Road, the evolution of mug shapes represents a confluence of Eastern and Western economic history and cultural-artistic exchanges, also reflecting the flourishing export culture of Guangzhou. This paper analyzes the functional and social factors influencing the morphological changes of Lingnan mugs fr...
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Julius Gerbracht, Studierte Kameralisten im deutschen Südwesten. Wissen und Verwalten im späten Ancien Régime (Perspektiven der Wirtschaftsgeschichte 9). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2021. 280 S. ISBN 978-3-515-12967-1. Geb. € 66,–
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A formação histórica da economia de Minas Gerais nos séculos XVIII e XIX tornou-se um objeto de pesquisa consagrado na historiografia da História Econômica, incitando controvérsias e inquietações. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a economia mineira enquanto objeto historiográfico em duas tradições diferentes de se fazer história: uma orientada às...
Book
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The sole purpose behind writing this book is to give you a brief picture of the past events that not only shaped political, socio-cultural, and economic history of Muslims during the time of the Last Messenger of Islam but also make you understand that why Muslims are not united in modern era and hence facing severe consequences and degradation in...
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A trajetória acadêmica da historiadora Alice Piffer Canabrava na Universidade de São Paulo é o objeto de análise deste artigo. Refletiremos sobre suas experiências, participações e interdições em um período em que a academia era dominada por indivíduos do sexo masculino. Apoiados em estudos teóricos de historiadores como José Jobson de Andrade Arru...
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Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (AKA: Venezuela), before 1878, was an agricultural country whose main exports were coffee and cocoa. After the discovery of oil in 1878, Venezuela’s political economy was based on petrol. After that, Venezuela signed an agreement with several foreign companies, but the most important one was the Royal Dutch Shell Oi...
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The Saving Forests Decree of 1773, issued by Ferdinand IV of Bourbon, marked a fundamental step in the sustainable management of the forests of the Serre Calabresi. Metal mining and processing in the region dates back to ancient times, with Greek colonies exploiting local resources for tools and coins. With the arrival of the Normans, the mines bec...
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The article presents the history of the breweries in Chojnice and Człuchów after World War II. The text deals with the problem of the nationalization of plants and their organizational transformations against a broad socio-economic background. Typical phenomena and mechanisms of the processes taking place, related to the economic policy of the Stat...
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Rafael VALLEJO POUSADA, Historia del turismo en España, 1928-1962. Economía, política y administración turística, Madrid, Ediciones Sílex, 2021, 742 pagines. Espanya ha estat un deis pa· ,sos líders en el turisme mundial des de fa decennis, i la importancia d'aquest sector ha quedat evidenciada des dels anys cinquanta en la societat, la política, l...
Article
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A média dos últimos 30 anos de crescimento do Brasil foi baixa. Algumas análises atribuem esse desempenho à armadilha da renda média. Bresser-Pereira questiona tal tese e aponta a adoção de políticas neoliberais a partir dosanos 1990 como causa da frustração na retomada das taxas históricas de crescimento, mesmo depois de superada a crise da dívida...
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This article analyzes Francisco Dornelles’ term at the Ministry of Finance in 1985. In addition to filling the existing gap in historiography, it reconstructs the thinking and economic actions of Dornelles and Tancredo Neves. Both were conservatives, endorsing a “monetarist” diagnosis of the Brazilian crisis. This conservatism translated into a rel...
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La minería ha desempeñado un papel crucial en el desarrollo de América Latina durante varios siglos, lo que la convierte en un tema de gran relevancia en los estudios de historia económica y social de la región. El interés y la dedicación de los/as historiadores/as por comprender la organización y el desarrollo de la minería en el pasado ha sido fu...
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While concerned with the conceptions of time that orient the portraits of the Brazilian social life outlined in the inaugural editions of História econômica do Brasil and Sobrados e mucambos, the article examines two hypotheses: first and foremost, despite the specificity of their approaches, the essays rest on a common epistemological ground that...
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Within social and economic history, research on medieval society has long enjoyed the attention of medievalist scholarship. The choice of topics and the quality of their treatment has often been dependant on the development of historical sciences and individual theoretical concepts. The emphasis has typically been centred on describing the internal...
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The impressive development of industry in Silesia was reflected in many works of Polish and German historians after 1945. Differences in assessments are generally small, and those that do exist are mainly due to different national positions. These differences relate in particular to the crisis situation after 1918 and the division of Upper Silesia....
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The research on the "Trajectory of Banco Occidental de México, S. A., the first regional bank in Sinaloa: 44 years of history" analyzes the bank's trajectory since its foundation in 1980, highlighting its role as the first regional bank in Sinaloa and its contribution to the state's economic and financial development. It will be based on a document...
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The history of banks’ involvement in solving the issues of sustainable development of the society is, on the one hand, short by the standards of economic history, and on the other hand, bright and ambiguous. This is explained by the strategic goal of the banking institution functioning - ensuring a stable turnover of financial resources in the soci...
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this theoretical paper is to relate the Marxian modes of production to the development of the economy of Bengal basin with particular emphasis on the nation known as Bangladesh. Data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on Marxian modes of production and the economic history of Bengal basin as well. The met...
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Community tutelary shrines in Taiwan have been identified as excellent resources for grassroots-level heritage. As community ritual assemblages, they are able to encode data about a settlement’s social, political and economic history in their material composition, aesthetic choices, artefacts, displays and orientations. This data paper previews a f...
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Macroeconomics; Phillips Curves with Real Interest Factor; Commodity prices; Federal Trust Funds and Federal Debt; Economic History; Early Forms of Moey; Chinese Economy
Article
Fuel subsidies have been an enduring policy in Ecuador’s political and economic history. Given their lack of targeting and high opportunity cost, they have been amply criticized. As of 2017, the Ecuadorian government started a budget consolidation plan that so far has involved seven reforms to subsidies policy in less than seven years. In late 2019...
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Today, farming still ranks as one of the key industries in the national economy of most countries. As a result of this, during the last forty years, keen interest in the agricultural past has taken root especially in Europe and the USA. It was, however, only after World War II that the study of agrarian history was put on a systematic, organised, a...
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Westra explores a nuanced literature on post-capitalism which claims that instead of constituting the end of history or ending in its supplanting by socialism, capitalism has transmuted into something else. Foci of this literature ranges from questions of financial system and technological change through evidence of shifting class contours metastas...
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This research is entitled the impact of political factors on the ownership of agricultural land and cereal crops in Erbil province in 1975-1991. During the research, the agricultural situation in Erbil province was of special importance for economic development. These include the industrial and commercial sectors, as agricultural products have beco...
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N o es común entre los historiadores latinoamericanos estudiar geografías di-ferentes a las de sus propios países, las razones son múltiples y su discusión excede los alcances de este escrito. Tal realidad de nuestra historiografía es quizá lo primero que llama la atención en el más reciente libro del profesor Hermes Tovar Pinzón. Pero es aún más l...
Conference Paper
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Presentiamo "Classe operaia e padronato nelle recenti vicende economiche", un opuscolo derivante da una lezione tenuta da Augusto Graziani nell’ambito di un corso per la formazione dei quadri dirigenti della Federazione Lavoratori Metalmeccanici (FLM) di Brescia svoltosi fra marzo ed aprile nel 1974. Fino ad oggi questo testo non era stato preso in...
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A key question in economic history is the degree to which preindustrial economies could generate sustained increases in per capita productivity. Previous studies suggest that, in many preindustrial contexts, growth was primarily a consequence of agglomeration. Here, we examine evidence for three different socioeconomic rates that are available from...
Article
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El trabajo en equipo es esencial en la formación universitaria. Desde la implementación del Plan Bolonia, el desarrollo de las capacidades de los estudiantes es una prioridad en la docencia. En este trabajo evaluamos la relación entre el trabajo en equipo, el liderazgo y el logro de objetivos docentes, en una práctica de creación de material audiov...
Conference Paper
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A partir del trabajo con las teorías críticas de la imagen, la crítica cinematográfica y sus aproximaciones feministas materialistas, así como los encuentros críticos e interdisciplinares con la tradición semiótica del análisis de las producciones visuales, se ha profundizado en las condiciones de aparición de las representaciones femeninas o femin...
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The history of Jews and usury is a multifaceted and often misunderstood narrative that spans millennia, encompassing significant religious, economic, and social dimensions. From the teachings of Jesus and the Old Testament laws that shaped early Christian views on money lending, to the pivotal roles Jewish moneylenders played in medieval Europe und...
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Coin clipping, the practice of shaving off small amounts of precious metal from the edges of coins, has been a persistent problem throughout history. This form of monetary fraud, driven by the desire for illicit profit, has had significant economic impacts on various societies. From ancient Greece and Rome to medieval Europe and Colonial America, c...
Article
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The transformation of Andalusia has been analyzed from various perspectives. This research proposes a new approach, rarely used in economic history, by examining the structure of employment between 1900 and 1960, using professions recorded in population censuses as the primary source. Once the census information was standardized, a methodology typi...
Book
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CHS Alternativo comparte en este libro una de las cuatro investigaciones realizadas para aportar nuevas evidencias sobre la explotación humana en el Perú. Las investigaciones fueron realizadas como parte de la iniciativa “Compromiso contra el Trabajo Forzoso”, apoyada entre los años 2018 y 2022 por el Departamento de Trabajo de los Estado Unidos; y...
Article
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Structural change is an important process that is much studied in economic history. Early studies include industrialization and the stadial theories of human activities. Biologists have adopted “economic” concepts of competition, cooperation and innovation to study the history of life in a broader sense. Extending the study of structural change ove...
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By deconstructing the human-machine interface across China's economic history, this commentary on Luger's and Schwarze's paper highlights the critical need to explore gender dynamics in post-industrial cities through the human-machine interface. We suggest two new concepts, subjectivity and deep interface, which may offer a way forwards for us to m...
Article
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En el presente artículo se aborda algunas ideas de destacados autores, como C. North[1], Mancur Olson y Elinor Ostrom. Estos académicos han analizado diversas temáticas como el desarrollo, la incidencia de las organizaciones y la modificación de las instituciones. El objetivo del presente artículo es conceptualizar que se entiende por organizacione...
Article
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Historia gospodarcza i historia myśli ekonomicznej borykały się z kryzysem o charakterze dydaktycznym i naukowym od początku transformacji, a nowe rozwiązania prawne pogłębiały te trudności. Ustawa Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce wprowadziła m.in. nową klasyfikację dziedzin i dyscyplin nauki, umieszczając dyscyplinę historia w dziedzinie nauk...
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Este capítulo fornece um histórico da fazenda Ibicaba desde a transição do trabalho escravo, passando pela transição para a lavoura canavieira e cafeeira no Século XIX, até o retorno da cana no Século XX.
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This study examines Spain's economic history within the context of the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on sustainable tourism and economic transformation. It aims to comprehensively analyse the quantifiable impacts of both crises, delineate their characteristics, and evaluate governmental interventions in the tourism secto...
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