Economic Analysis - Science topic

ICT information technologies have already been implemented in banking and large companies operating in non-financial sectors of the economy since the beginning of the third technological revolution. Subsequently, the Internet was used to develop online and mobile banking. Perhaps in the future, virtual banking will be developed on the basis of the increasing scale of application of technologies typical of the current fourth technological revolution and the growing scale of implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies to businesses operating in both the financial and non-financial sectors of the economy. In recent years, various technologies for advanced, multi-criteria data processing have increasingly been applied to business entities in order to improve organisational management processes, risk management, customer and contractor relationship management, management of supply logistics systems, procurement, production, etc., and to improve the profitability of business processes. In order to improve the profitability of business processes, improve marketing communications, offer products and services remotely to customers, etc., such Industry 4.0 technologies as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, Big Data Analytics, Data Science, Blockchain, robotics, multi-criteria simulation models, digital twins, but also machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly being used. In the field of improving the processes of equity investment management, the processes of carrying out economic and financial analyses, fundamental analyses concerning the valuation of specific categories of investment assets, including securities, i.e. improving the processes carried out in investment banking, ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0 have also been used for many years now. In this connection, there are also emerging opportunities to apply machine learning, deep learning and/or artificial intelligence technologies to the analysis of the securities market, including the analysis of the stock market, bonds, derivatives, etc., i.e. key aspects of business analytics carried out in investment banking. Improving such analytics through the use of the aforementioned technologies should, in addition to the issue of optimising investment returns, also take into account important aspects of the financial security of capital markets transactions, including issues of credit risk management, market risk management, systemic risk management, etc.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on the subject?

What do you think about this topic?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Can economic growth occur in the short term?

In my opinion, it makes sense to create a new generation of something similar to ChatGPT, which will use databases built solely on the basis of continuously updated data, information, objectively verified knowledge resources, a kind of online business advisor, using defined business websites and portals, financial and economic information portals, which will answer the questions of entrepreneurs, businessmen, managers in charge of companies and enterprises, who will ask questions about the future development of their business, their company, enterprise, corporation. Such intelligent systems drawing on large data and information resources, processing large sets of economic and financial information and data in real time on Big Data Analytics platforms, providing current analytical data to business intelligence systems supporting business management processes, can prove very useful as tools to facilitate organizational management processes, forecasting various scenarios of abnormal events and scenarios of developments in the business environment, diagnosing escalation of risks, supporting early warning systems, diagnosing and forecasting opportunities and threats to the development of the company or enterprise, providing warning signals for contingency and risk management systems.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

There is a growing body of data suggesting that innovative startups may be created using the next generation of ChatGPT-like smart tools and/or whose business activities would be helped by such smart tools and/or certain new business concepts would be based on such smart tools. On the one hand, there are already emerging Internet startups based on artificial intelligence systems specialized in specific areas of creating textual, graphic, video, etc. elaborations that are variants of something similar to ChatGPT. On the other hand, arguably, some of these kinds of solutions may in the future turn into a kind of online business advisors generating advice for entrepreneurs developing new innovative startups.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I do not see other way out of this inmense crisis within the European Union. Neither MEDE, nor Eurobonds. From an overlapping generations perspective, with children and young people (who have probability quasi-zero of being infected) being forced to stop their lives and careers, we mid-age and mature people are the ones who must bear the cost of the COVID-crisis. And this means inflation (never debt). Therefore, direct monetization of aid for the shock and partial debt relief. And then, a re-europeization of the investment flows (yes, protectionism) with a strong industrial policy direction in mind.

I am conscious of the asymetric international effects of the shock within the european partners. But, either we together, and in the current generation, bear the whole cost in the form of inflation, or our legacy for future generations (within an already highly leveraged framework) is conmdemned to a Euro-collapse in 15 years. What do you think?

What are the methologies for economic analysis of water resources? Discuss the steps recommended for water resources management?

I am trying to review the structures of Islanded microgrid, its economic analysis, and improving its efficiency and stability. so I need to know the best structure that is existing now.

There are both optimistic and pessimistic factors in macroeconomic forecasts for the world economy over the long term. Depending on how they operate and which prevail, either more optimistic or more pessimistic scenarios are developed for the development of the projected economic situation realised in the future. In terms of optimistic factors, these include the use of new information technologies, Industry 4.0 and others, which, when implemented in companies and enterprises, allow for improved profitability of business processes, increased production scale, improved quality control systems and/or improved quality of product and service offerings, etc. Besides, the green transformation consisting in the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources and based on rapidly cheap green energy technologies and on generating savings in energy consumption contributes to economic efficiency and energy security. In addition, the development of sustainable economic processes, scaling up the sharing economy, improving waste separation systems, reusing recovered secondary raw materials, improving and scaling up industrial recycling, etc. will also generate savings in the consumption of raw materials and energy in the context of an efficient economy. In this way, savings will be generated that will allow for an increase in the scale of financial subsidies directed to special purpose funds supporting the development of pro-climate and pro-environmental economic ventures and the development of green economic sectors. Pessimistic factors, on the other hand, include the retreat of economic globalisation from the onset of the pandemic, the rise of economic isolationism, the prospect of deepening trade wars between the world's major economies, the introduction of prohibitive tariffs to protect domestic labour markets, the successive reduction in the scale of cross-border transfers of strategic raw materials, components, prefabricated products and technology, etc. The reduction in the scale of the international transfer of products and services, international trade also involving factors of production, strategic raw materials was already noticeable a few years before the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19), and during the pandemic through disrupted chains of international supply and procurement logistics the scale of intermodal logistics, international trade decreased. It also resulted in the shortening of international supply and procurement logistics chains and the development of domestic industries supplying the necessary sub-assemblies and pre-fabricated components used in the production of various goods, products, mainly technological products composed of many sub-assemblies.

Such problems determining the deepening of trade wars and the backsliding of economic globalisation processes at the end of February 2022 are increased by a full-scale military war in Ukraine. This kind of war generates economic uncertainty, and uncertainty is an increase in the scale of economic risks that are difficult to measure, not easy to quantify, and holding back investment. In addition to military sectors, apart from companies producing weapons and equipment for the military, it is in many other sectors and industries of the economy that the aforementioned increase in uncertainty becomes a limiting factor for the development of investment and economic activity. On the other hand, when the war ends and the processes of reconstruction of Ukraine's economy begin, there will be a significant recovery of economic processes in some sectors of the economy, such as construction and heavy industry. However, it is unclear when the war will end. In addition to this, determinants contributing to the deepening downturn of the economy include continued elevated inflation at double-digit levels. In the context of high consumer inflation, the high proportion of core inflation determined by domestic factors is a matter of concern. In addition to this, there remains a high level of risk of further investment bank failures in a situation of falling stock market valuations of previously issued government bonds with fixed and significantly lower interest rates on new series of government bonds being issued than at present. Consequently, there is still a high level of uncertainty about the development of the economic situation in the financial markets, including the capital markets, the stock markets on which securities are priced.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What do you think?

What is your opinion on the subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What were the key priorities and effects of using state financial aid programs under the so-called anti-crisis interventionist activities financed with additional extra-budgetary money introduced into the economy through covid programs and earmarked funds?

What were the different purposes of financing specific anti-crisis measures that were identified as priorities during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic?

What anti-crisis economic processes were activated by the extra-budgetary introduction of a large amount of additional money into the economy, which resulted, among others, in a significant increase in inflation (from 2021) and an increase in the hidden debt of the state's public finance system (from 2020)? What are the economic effects if the extra money finances mainly an increase in consumption compared to an increase in investment?

He hereby proposes a discussion on the issue of extra-budgetary introduction of additional money into the economy as part of government covid programs and funds, financing specific goals recognized as priorities of anti-crisis measures and the level of debt of the state's public finance system. In the country where I operate under the so-called covid funds, well over PLN 200 billion of additional money was introduced into the economy off-budget, which did not have parity in the goods and services produced. This was no exception to the anti-crisis measures of economic state interventionism used during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic. As part of these anti-crisis measures of economic state interventionism, various financial support programs were used in individual countries, differing in their functionality and impact on the macroeconomics of the national economy. In some countries, such as Poland, the effects were mainly pro-inflationary and generated mainly by an increase in consumption. In Poland, the simplest solutions of this kind have generated a particularly high level of core inflation and a high level of loss of purchasing power of money that citizens receive in salaries, even taking into account the wage increases for employed employees applied by entrepreneurs. The anti-crisis measures of state economic interventionism implemented in Poland during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic in the formula of mainly government programs, the so-called Anti-Crisis Shields consisting mainly in the transfer of public financial aid to commercially operating business entities, under which the largest amount of money from the public finance system was allocated by the government to non-repayable subsidies transferred to companies and enterprises in the form of subsidies to employees' salaries and refinancing fixed costs of business activity. The purpose of this type of the simplest and most primitive anti-crisis solution was to limit the scale of employment reduction and the scale of bankruptcy of business entities caused by scientifically unjustified, large-scale lockdowns imposed on selected sectors of the economy and the so-called. national quarantines. Unfortunately, the real level of unemployment was still growing during the pandemic, despite the fact that the statistics of the Central Statistical Office did not show it, because a significant part of entrepreneurs, in order to receive the aforementioned non-repayable subsidies, reduced the employment of employees from e.g. full-time to part-time. In addition, this type of anti-crisis measures of economic state intervention, applied in the simplest and most primitive formula, did not motivate companies and enterprises to implement pro-development investments. However, in some other countries, the mechanism of the applied anti-crisis actions of state economic interventionism was much more investment and pro-development, and even pro-climate and pro-environmental. For example, in the most economically and technologically developed countries of Europe, such as in Germany, the anti-crisis measures of economic state interventionism used during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic had to a large extent precisely this type of investment, pro-development, pro-climate and pro-environmental character . In Poland, this extra money was only unproductively consumed and generated a restoration of consumption to pre-coronavirus levels and an increase in inflation from 2021. In Germany, additional money was allocated to investments, in addition to green investments, i.e. the implementation of the key anti-crisis assumption, Keynesian state interventionism, taking into account the issue of achieving sustainable development goals, accelerating the processes of green transformation of the economy, i.e. pragmatic, pro-social and at the same time pro-climate and pro-environmental measures were applied approach in the field of anti-crisis and pro-development activities. In Poland, however, the additional, printed, anti-crisis money introduced into the economy as part of off-budget Covid funds was consumed, generated another wave of economic downturn resulting from growing inflation, and contributed to an increase in the real debt of the public finance system, although hidden from the above-mentioned prudential indicators. In addition, due to the government slowing down the process of green transformation of the energy sector in recent years, more than 3/4 of electricity and heat in Poland is still generated from dirty combustion power generation based on the combustion of hard coal and lignite, which resulted in a crisis that was particularly costly for Polish citizens energy in 2022. Therefore, the anti-crisis socio-economic policy programs applied in individual countries during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic were significantly diversified in many respects, including issues recognized by governments as priorities and key investment objectives financed with additional anti-crisis extra-budgetary money introduced into economy. In some countries, it was noticed that during the pandemic there is a possibility of accelerating the processes of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy and this opportunity was taken advantage of. On the other hand, unfortunately, there are still countries, including EU Member States, such as Poland, in which the priorities of the anti-crisis, monetarist, historically large-scale economic state interventionism completely ignored the issue of emerging opportunities, including the financial possibilities of accelerating the processes pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy.

In view of the above, I am addressing the Honorable Community of scientists and researchers with the following question: What were the different purposes of financing specific anti-crisis measures that were identified as priorities during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic? What anti-crisis economic processes were activated by the extra-budgetary introduction of a large amount of additional money into the economy, which resulted, among others, in a significant increase in inflation (from 2021) and an increase in the hidden debt of the state's public finance system (from 2020)? What are the economic effects if the extra money finances mainly an increase in consumption compared to an increase in investment? What were the key priorities and effects of applying public financial aid programs under the so-called anti-crisis interventionist activities financed with additional extra-budgetary money introduced into the economy through covid programs and earmarked funds? What were the various investment objectives financed by the additional off-budget money introduced into the economy since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic?

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please reply,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

The above text is fully my original work written by me on the basis of my research. In writing this text, I did not use any other sources or automatic text generation systems, such as ChatGPT. Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The quality of the formation and control of the implementation of the current and forward-looking socio-economic policy of the state and/or a local government unit is determined not only by strictly factual considerations concerning the specific conditions and determinants of the country's economic development, the phase of the business cycle in which the economy is, the level of economic growth and prosperity in individual accounting periods in relation to the planned economic policy and the draft state budget, the prosperity of the global economy and international economic relations, etc., but also by the level of reliability, implementation of the objectives of the state and/or a local government unit. but also the level of reliability, achievement of objectives, consideration of certain principles, including public service ethics, reduction of the scale of corruption and embezzlement of public funds, etc. Bearing in mind the aforementioned issues, which significantly affect the quality of implementation of a socio-economic policy programme planned for a specific period of time, it is possible to engage artificial intelligence to shape and control the implementation of current and prospective socio-economic policy of the state and/or local government unit. Of course, it would be up to humans to accept the final shape of the socio-economic policy programme proposal designed by artificial intelligence and to control its implementation. But in a situation of an appropriate increase in transparency and fuller implementation of public functions, the involvement in the role of a multi-criteria, intelligent system designing specific socio-economic policy programmes and their implementation and control of their implementation could significantly increase the effectiveness of the overall economic policy of the state, including issues of reliability, public transparency, improving the process of building a welfare economy. In the process of shaping specific socio-economic policy programmes, in addition to artificial intelligence, business analytics implemented on computerised analytical platforms Business Intelligence and Big Data Analytics may be involved, as well as, as required, other information technologies of the current fourth technological revolution, Industry 4.0 technology. The aforementioned new technologies can also be particularly helpful in developing forecasting models for estimating current and prospective levels of systemic financial risks, economic risks, the indebtedness of the state's public finance system, systemic credit risks of commercially operating financial institutions and economic entities and forecasting future financial and economic crises. Data on the aforementioned systemic risks and forecasting of trends in the economic situation can be helpful for planning the shape and implementation instruments of socio-economic policy for the following quarters and years. Besides, artificial intelligence technologies and other Industry 4.0 technologies may also help in the precise determination of the appropriate budgetary, fiscal and monetary policy instruments for designing interventionist, anti-crisis, pro-development, Keynesian socio-economic policy programmes, i.e. programmes precisely tailored to certain diagnosed determinants shaping the current and prospective economic situation.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Please feel free to ask questions about the draft paper. The attached paper is a draft of Ideas for communist socio-economic development.

What are the potential applications of machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, Big Data Analytics and other Industry 4.0 technologies in conducting multi-criteria economic and financial analyses of the historical and current performance of economic entities and making predictions about the future development of their business, analyses carried out on computerised Business Intelligence platforms?

As a result of technological advances, the potential for the application of machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, Big Data Analytics and other Industry 4.0 technologies to perform multi-criteria economic and financial analyses of the historical and current functioning of businesses and to make predictions about the future development of their business, analyses carried out on computerised Business Intelligence platforms, is rapidly increasing. New ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0, including Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data Analytics but also Data Science, Smart Technologies, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, Personal and Industrial Internet of Things, Autonomous Robots, Horizontal and Vertical Data System Integration, Multi-Criteria Simulation Models, Digital Twins, Additive Manufacturing, Blockchain, Cyber Security Instruments, Virtual and Augmented Reality and other Advanced Data Mining technologies support the management processes of a company, enterprise or financial institution. In recent years, the aforementioned new technologies are helping to improve the management processes of supply logistics, procurement, production, service offering; marketing communication and customer relationship management; risk management; cyber security management; economic and financial analysis management, financial auditing, etc. Therefore, within the framework of the technological advances taking place, including the increasing computational capabilities of successive generations of processors and operational memory installed in computers, increasing disk capacities, storage media, increasing data transfers, etc., the possibilities of applying artificial intelligence and Big Data Analytics in carrying out multi-criteria economic and financial analyses of business entities, analyses carried out on computerised Business Intelligence platforms, are successively increasing. Consequently, the possibilities for the application of multi-criteria analytics carried out on computerised Business Intelligence platforms are also increasing year on year, which also contributes to the improvement of organisational management processes.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Some stock market investors, citizens and business entities, investment fund managers, investment banks operating in the capital markets use both technical analysis and fundamental analysis in their analysis and investment activities. The use of both of these analyses is usually based on the assumption that these two significantly different analyses can complement each other. Fundamental analysis consists of, among other things, several analytical segments on specific spheres of the economy, impact factors and risks acting on the operation of certain business entities, internal and external impact factors. In the environment of the company and the enterprise, the closer environment is analyzed, e.g. the competitive environment, relations with key competitors, with business counterparties, customers, with recipients of product and service offerings, with suppliers of raw materials, prefabricated components, subassemblies and other production factors necessary for business operations, with cooperators, with financial counterparties, lenders, etc. Strategic analysis, including, for example, SWOT analysis, marketing analysis, technical-economic analysis, organization analysis, financial analysis, including ratio analysis based on financial indicators based on quantitative data contained in financial statements, also plays an important role in fundamental analysis.

Technical analysis, on the other hand, involves analyzing changes in the rates and trading volumes of securities, currencies or commodities. This analysis is concerned with studying and interpreting the shapes of charts to forecast future prices (rates) based on an analysis of past price formation. Unlike fundamental analysis of a company, which takes into account both information about the global, macroeconomic, regional and industry environment in which it operates, as well as reports announced by the company itself, in the case of technical analysis these are not taken into account in the investment decision-making process. All the information needed for technical analysis is read directly from charts showing the historical price changes of the security, currency or raw material under analysis. Technical analysis assumes that stock market phenomena precede economic phenomena in time, and that the market is a mechanism for discounting the future. Technical analysts prefer to analyze the trend of the market instead of statistical data. Technical analysis is based on three basic rules: 1. Changes in supply and demand on the stock market are reflected in stock prices, 2. Changes in stock prices are subject to trends that persist over a long period of time, 3. Processes occurring on the stock market are repeated.

In view of the above, combining both analyses, i.e. fundamental and technical analysis, can give a kind of analytical added value. Accordingly, some stock market investors use both fundamental and technical analysis.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Cherish your view on this data issue.

Could any expert try to examine the new interesting methodology for multi-objective optimization?

A brand new conception of preferable probability and its evaluation were created, the book was entitled "Probability - based multi - objective optimization for material selection", and published by Springer, which opens a new way for multi-objective orthogonal experimental design, uniform experimental design, respose surface design, and robust design, etc.

It is a rational approch without personal or other subjective coefficients, and available at https://link.springer.com/book/9789811933509,

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-3351-6.

Best regards.

Yours

M. Zheng

Economics is a constantly evolving field, with new theories and ideas being developed over time. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on issues such as inequality, sustainability, and the role of technology in the economy. Additionally, there has been a growing interest in behavioral economics, which incorporates insights from psychology into economic analysis. Additionally, new area of study like green economics, digital economics and more are been focus to understand the economic development with time.

Studying newly published articles that have been economically analyzed raises an important question. The values ​​reported in this type of analysis are very different. By what criteria do you claim that your articles are economically acceptable? Have you ever thought about such a thing or are you just reporting numerical values?

Since the second half of the twentieth century economic theory, unable to explain economic reality, has been moved increasingly away from traditional price theory to more modern trends such as game theory, decision theory, behavioral-empirical-experimental economics, heterodox economics etc. There is no doubt that reality is always far from the ideal state of theory and any attempt to complete theory with assumptions and parameters closer to reality is welcome. But what about if a big amount of divergence between reality and theory is due to mistakes of the theory itself?

I believe that traditional (mainstream) economics have a series of serious fundamental mistakes, which, if revised, lead to a totally different theory about how economy works. And as we always need a basic theory before we proceed to any completions and improvements of it to better match reality, we should first consider this revised basic theory. To be more concrete, the fundamental mistakes of the traditional mainstream economics are, in my opinion, the following:

Price taking of course prevails in the market after the equilibrium has taken place, but the question is how the equilibrium is determined beforehand, by the forces of demand and supply, which certainly remain the same before and after equilibrium (meaning that a sloping demand curve can not be horizontal at the time of equilibrium). The revision here is simply that the individual demand for the firm is the total demand equally distributed to the number of firms, because buyers certainly do not have a preference for some firms in buying the product since it is an homogeneous product. This means that the individual demand curves for the firms are sloping and not horizontal and this has tremendous implications on the economic theory and its outcomes (the equilibrium point is not at the minimum average cost, which invalidates the maximization of social welfare and the optimization of Pareto efficiency, etc).

The question here is which the supply curve is, the average cost or the marginal cost curve? According to Marshall it was the average cost curve, but according to the Marginalists, who eventually prevailed in mainstream economics, it is the marginal cost curve. This latter however creates a big inconsistency: the equilibrium point, that is the intersection of total supply and total demand curves, does not maximize the profits of firms, as this maximization occurs at the intersection of total supply (marginal cost) and the total marginal revenue (and not the total demand). Yet, the profit maximization is a basic assumption in mainstream economics and should be hold at market level if it holds at firm level (it is simply a matter of aggregation). The revision here is that the supply curve is the average cost curve, and its intersection with the demand curve gives the zero (economic) profit, which is the fundamental feature in perfect competition with the continuous entry of firms till the zeroing of profit.

Traditional theory sought the solution of the market equilibrium question in the intersection of two curves, demand and supply, to determine the equilibrium pair of price (p) and quantity (Q), while ignoring another factor involved in the determination of equilibrium, namely the number of firms (n), which is absolutely necessary to determine the equilibrium since this factor shapes the total supply and thus its intersection with the total demand. So we need one more equation to determine the additional unknown (n), and this equation could be none other than the equation of profit maximization, that traditional theory lacks at market level as said before. Thus the system of three equations (Demand, Supply, Profit maximization) determines the three unknowns (price, quantity, number of firms); and furthermore the number of firms in perfect competition is definite and not infinite or indefinite, as the traditional theory assumes.

These revisions bring about dramatic changes in the whole economic theory and in the social welfare, with tremendous political implications. For more analysis and for the outcomes of this research, please refer to my articles (available at ResearcgGate and ssrn):

I would be very appreciative to have your opinion, thesis and comments on this discussion.

Greetings respectable community of ResearchGate. I encountered some issues while gathering data from the World Bank Database, hence I would like to know if there are alternatives or other websites like the World Bank Database in which we can gather raw data.

The website can contain whatever form of indicators such as (developments, governance, competitiveness, economics, financial sector, etc.….) Thank you in advance for your assistance.

Are the inflationary increases of mid-2022, among other things, the result of a developing price-wage spiral realised objectively in the commercial sectors of the economy or rather the result of an income-price spiral generated by subsidies, handouts, subsidies, etc. realised by interventionist government programmes of populist social policy and soft fiscal policy, carried out by public sector institutions of socio-economic policy programmes realised using the state's public finances?

If there are significant differences between countries on the above issue, what are these differences determined by? Are the sectoral/industrial structure of the economy and the extent of state interventionism applied by the government among the key determinants of the aforementioned differences?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

If so, how should such an economic policy be structured? And if not, how to reconcile some mutually contradictory instruments for activating economic processes and curbing inflation? How can a tightened monetary policy (anti-inflationary interest rate hikes) and a soft (social) fiscal policy (subsidies, handouts, allowances) be effectively conducted so as to limit the scale of the development of a downturn and at the same time curb the growth of inflation? How should these two policies be conducted so that they do not cancel each other out? How to rationally conduct a policy mix consisting of tightening monetary policy and mild fiscal policy?

What is your opinion on this?

What do you think about this topic?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What will become the priority of the pre-election populist economic policy: energy price subsidies and an increase in inflation, or the lack of these subsidies and a decrease in inflation?

In a country where I operate under the government management of state interventionism based on an analysis of public sentiment and pre-election political marketing, a specific economic policy is conducted, known as a real policy mix, consisting of a mild fiscal policy (additional pensions, government subsidies to salaries of employees during a pandemic, subsidies). and benefits for citizens to reduce the effects of rising energy and fossil fuel prices, subsidies for the purchase of coal under the anti-climate and anti-ecological policy, etc.) and the tightening monetary policy of the central bank from October 2021. On the one hand, high inflation, which has been rising almost from the beginning of 2021 and was caused by the record-breaking use of money printing and subsidies to employee wages, to the operating costs of companies and enterprises that were in lockdowns, did not conduct economic activity, were in the economic crisis in 2020. Then, in order to limit the scale of the rapidly growing inflation, the central bank began raising interest rates from October 2021. This increased the cost of money borrowed by commercial banks. Credits have become more expensive, the creditworthiness of citizens and business entities has decreased, and the level of investments in various sectors and sectors of the economy is falling. Additionally, due to negligence of the government and limiting the development of renewable energy sources, the level of security and energy independence of the country is low. The increase in fossil fuel prices caused an energy crisis in the country due to the fact that key energy companies are state-owned companies and do not implement the pro-climate energy transformation, did not invest in the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, the government has for years supported the development and vegetation of dirty combustion energy based on burning coal. This led to the situation that currently 3/4 of heat and electricity in Poland is generated from the combustion of fossil fuels, the prices of which have recently been rising rapidly. Energy companies operating as state-owned companies raise the prices of their refined petroleum products and electricity prices disproportionately much higher in relation to the increase in raw material prices on commodity exchanges, and even more so in relation to domestic raw material markets, domestic mines, from which they also purchase raw materials in the form of certain categories of fossil fuels. As citizens, through independent media and non-governmental organizations, signal their dissatisfaction with this kind of unreliable, anti-social, anti-climatic, anti-environmental, pro-crisis economic policy, the government ignoring the issue of increasing the debt of the state finance system and preparing for the parliamentary elections to be held in autumn 2023 introduces new subsidy programs for the purchase of fossil fuels. In this way, the government continues its policy of supporting dirty combustion energy, creates further pro-inflationary impulses in the economy and increases the indebtedness of the state's public finance system. In addition, due to the high risk of a deepening of the national energy crisis in the heating season, it allows municipalities to lift the previously introduced anti-smog regulations, and allows the sale of lignite for citizens to burn it in home-type furnaces. As a result, the exceptionally low quality of the air in Poland compared to Europe will worsen further and will have a negative impact on the health of citizens. I wonder why some citizens still support this type of economic policy conducted by the current government in Poland. Clearly there is a high level of relevance to government propaganda driven by government-controlled meanstream media in this regard. The above-mentioned problems may worsen if economic policy is conducted as it has been so far. The problem of the current energy crisis and the prospective climate crisis may worsen in the future. On the other hand, in the short-term, ad hoc perspective, the government is currently considering what should become the priority of the pre-election populist economic policy: subsidies to energy prices and an increase in inflation or the lack of these subsidies and a decrease in inflation?

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the Distinguished Community of Researchers and Scientists:

What is your opinion on this topic?

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this topic?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Central banks are raising interest rates in an attempt to contain rising inflation, to curb the rise in inflation and, in the next quarters or perhaps years, to bring inflation down to a low single-digit level, to the inflation target of monetary policy. However, commercial banks are raising interest rates on deposits and bank deposits to a limited extent. Interest rates on new government bond issues are also rising slowly. By contrast, interest rates on bank loans offered by commercial banks are rising much faster. The rising cost of money causes a decline in lending of mortgages, business loans, consumer loans, etc. The rate of economic growth is falling. Enterprises ai companies are holding back on new investments. Repayment instalments on long-term loans that have been granted at a variable interest rate are rising. Financial risks are increasing, including credit risks, liquidity risks, debt risks, and the profitability of production processes is falling. The risk of a significant rise in unemployment and the emergence of stagflation in 2023 is emerging. The scale of social unrest in many countries around the world is increasing. In addition, the economic downturn is being exacerbated by rising energy and fossil fuel prices, i.e. the currently developing energy crisis.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Greetings everyone! could anyone kindly tell me where I can get data concerning the stock and bonds market?

What can a populist social and fiscal policy based on subsidies and handouts lead to with the money of the public finance system in a situation of economic downturn, falling state budget revenues and growing indebtedness of the public finance system?

What can the ever-increasing subsidy- and welfare-based populist social policy and the soft fiscal policy with money from the state's financial system lead to through increased public debt and the printing of national money?

The political objective of the socio-economic policies implemented in this way, including social, budgetary and fiscal policies, is the plan to win the next parliamentary elections by the political party currently holding the reins of power. However, the economic consequences and the impact on the state's finances in the years ahead could be seriously negative.

Such socio-economic policies may contribute to continued high levels of inflation in the coming months.

What other negative effects could arise from such socio-economic policies in the future?

What can the ever-increasing populist social policy based on government subsidies and handouts and the soft fiscal policy implemented with the money of the state financial system, which is raised through the increase of public debt and the printing of national money, lead to?

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I am doing a thermoeconomic analysis on a system involving the throttling valve and turboexpander. I need purchased-equipment cost formula for these two pieces of equipment.

How should an anti-inflationary and at the same time pro-development, growth-activating (medium-term) and growth-activating (long-term) economic, anti-crisis, counter-cyclical, pro-development socio-economic policy be constructed?

How should such a multi-faceted socio-economic policy be designed?

In designing such an anti-inflationary and anti-crisis socio-economic policy, how should some mutually contradictory instruments for activating economic processes and curbing inflation be reconciled?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Continued high inflation for many more months, interest rates raised by the central bank, rising factor prices, falling consumption and investment will probably trigger a downturn in the economy in the following quarters and possibly also a significant rise in unemployment.

If such a scenario unfolds, could stagflation (high inflation and high unemployment at the same time) occur in 2023?

And if the risk of the emergence of stagflation in 2023 is high, what kind of anti-crisis socio-economic policy should the government apply to limit the scale of the economy's downturn?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Is there any test like this in Stata?

Can ECM term be lower than -1? How to interpret a value lower than -1? Does it suggest that something wrong with the model?

Any help?

Thank you in advance.

How can rising inflation be effectively contained?

On the one hand, the various instruments of monetary policy , fiscal policy, ... that have previously been used to stop the rise of inflation are known. On the other hand, for some reason the various anti-inflationary measures applied in 2021 and 2022 are working to a very limited extent. Therefore, can the rise in inflation get out of hand? Could the rise in inflation, the increase in fuel and energy prices and the projected downturn in the economy lead to the emergence of an economic crisis in the following quarters? Could there be an economic recession and stagflation in 2023?

What do you think on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Greetings,

Dariusz

I am using an ARDL model however I am having some difficulties interpreting the results. I found out that there is a cointegration in the long run. I provided pictures below.

I am trying to perform an economic analysis with one of the variables being GDP for market size in a cross-sectional analysis. Would it be better to use GDP constant prices or GDP current prizes in U.S. dollars?

Does housing policy, including the policy of activating the development of the real estate market, housing, including the construction of new housing, housing estates, do you think is an important part of the socio-economic policy of the state?

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG

I invite you to discussion and cooperation.

Best wishes

Is Bartlett's test alone enough for hypothesis testing? or Chi square has to be tested along with in a dissertation for a Ph.D study in the field or social science?

The popularity and applications of the metaverse are expected to skyrocket in the near future, thanks to the entry of major players (Facebook, Microsoft, EA, and even McDonalds) in the industry. As ab opinion piece in The Drum puts it "many experts predict that the metaverse will change the way we live and work in the future, and it would be extremely negligent not to recognize the trend and continue to engage with it". Could someone suggest some preliminary studies that could be carried out using consumer data collected through online surveys? Thanks in advance.

AI and Big Data have recently seen widespread application in virtually every field. With the economy's increasing digitization, it is expected that massive amounts of data will be generated at every node. I wonder if primary data based research in consumer behavior, economics, agricultural economics, and related fields will become obsolete in the future as more sophisticated models aided by AI and Big Data provide a more accurate picture of various phenomena. Please share your thoughts on what will be the role of researchers in applied economics, business, and marketing etc (not including those in the fields of computer science).

I am currently looking for import, export, current account balance and Balance of payment data from the year 1960. WDI, unctadstat show lesser amount of data (starting from 1980s). Is there any reliable data streams/sources where i can access the data free of cost? How about the published data?

Dear Researchers,

I'm working on the research using the DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) method to measure the provincial energy efficiency. However, due to the data constraint the provincial energy consumption data is not available. Can i assume the provincial energy consumption is proportional to provincial GDP?

(national energy consumption/national GDP x province i GDP)?

A significant increase in inflation as an important factor in the possibility of a possible new economic crisis?

What are the main sources of the increase in inflation in your country?

Can the rise in inflation in the coming months lead to specific economic problems for enterprises?

Is the increase in inflation in 2021 one of the major economic problems in your country, or is it a potential cause of these problems?

Are there symptoms of a much more serious problem, ie stagflation (high inflation and high unemployment, low economic growth)?

How can entrepreneurship be activated in a situation of stagflation following the economic crisis of 2020 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic and still relatively low interest rates?

In this discussion, please answer the above questions.

I invite you to discuss this issue.

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please reply,

I described a strong increase in inflation as a result of the applied interventionist state aid programs offered on a historically record scale to commercially operating economic entities in my article published at the end of December 2021. I am providing a link to this article:

I invite you to research cooperation in the field of developing new concepts for planning and implementing an effective strategy for the socio-economic development of the country, including shaping the anti-crisis and pro-development socio-economic policy in such a way as not to cause an increase in inflation, an increase in public debt and other negative effects of incorrectly conducted economic policy.

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Hello

I am simulating a biomass grinder in Aspen Plus. The feed rate is 100 tonnes per day. Initial size is 200 mm and final size is 40 mm. I am using a jaw crusher type. When I perform integrated economic analysis, it does not give me equipment cost or installation cost of the crusher. What could be the reason. Am I doing something wrong in the mapping?

It gives me two errors:

Rate is out of range and product size is out of range.

How do I know which are the suitable ranges for an equipment?

In many countries, a strong correlation was found between the change in the economic and financial situation of enterprises and the credit policy of banks.

The research shows that there is a dependency, correlation between the change in the rate of economic growth of the country, economic and financial situation of economic entities, citizens 'incomes, enterprises' investment, investment risk, liquidity risk, debt, creditworthiness, creditworthiness of enterprises, etc. and the changing the credit policy of commercial banks that provide corporate loans and consumer loans to citizens.

However, in recent years, especially before the emergence of the global financial crisis in 2008, it was possible to diagnose a reverse correlation, i.e. that banks, mainly investment banks in low interest rates activated the entire banking sector, including primarily retail commercial banking to provide subsequent mortgage loans even for borrowers no longer possessing creditworthiness. Credit rating agencies issued the highest AAA recommendations for the loan packages sold, most of which were of low quality and low creditworthiness. Insurance companies insured transactions of very high credit risk. Acting on behalf of banks, the media published articles suggesting a good prospect of economic development, a continuation of good economic conditions, including the real estate market, a further rise in property prices. Many financial institutions, media institutions and investment firms participating in this procedure commonly used unethical business practices.

In the light of the above, the following questions arise:

How should banking procedures be improved to prevent future use of such type of unethical business practices?

How should the processes of improving bank credit risk management be carried out in commercial banks, so that more such situations will not happen again, in order to avoid this type of another global financial crisis?

How strong can be the impact of the banks' lending policy on the situation in the construction sector?

In view of the above, is this impact not too strong in periods of high economic growth, ..., in periods of too high economic growth, overinvested investment projects financed mainly by loans and overvalued securities on stock exchanges?

Please reply

Best wishes

In your opinion, what are the most effective instruments for activating innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of economic activity?

What are the instruments used to activate innovation and entrepreneurship in the scope of a regional or national socio-economic policy pursued in your country?

Please reply

Best wishes

In the computer modeling and simulation of floatovoltaic systems in marine environments or freshwater reservoirs, a floating PV photovoltaic array performance model and simulation must characterize the hydrologic impact of floating PV. The same time-series evaporation modelling challenge exists for modeling agrivoltaic PV energy systems. A key aspect is predicting the FSPV or FPV irrigation reservoir water evaporation benefits in the sustainability assessment for sustainable development energy projects. Quantifying evaporative water-saving as a hydrologic impact feature is a crucial project viability metric in a techno-economic model for FPV hydropower hybrid performance models for hydroelectric facilities, or to estimate floating PV array operating temperature or floating PV module internal cell temperature changes in comparative studies for floating FPV and ground-mounted PV or GPV.

Computer estimation of evaporation time-series from a water surface of a water basin or wastewater basin is often calculated in Matlab or Python through mathematical evaporation models, by using parameters such as solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, water temperature, wind velocity, etc. While various applications and modifications of the Penman method, Penman-Monteith equations or Priestley-Taylor evaporation rates are used to predict or determine evapotranspiration rates in various solar water pond cover configurations, and PV floater design types as a sustainability indicator.

However, most water surface modeling or reservoir evaporation methodologies seem to be based on average daily solar irradiation rates, meaning real-time simulation model predictions need to be adapted to account for more instantaneous hour-to-hour solar irradiation data model inputs, ambient temperature variations, wind variations, airmass, relative humidity, water temperature or weather prediction data obtained from remote sensing and weather prediction data.

In a recent publication (link below) on the environmental impact assessment of floating solar PV, we propose a method to time-normalize the hourly predictions of floating solar PV evaporation rates in a water-energy-land-food nexus metric. I would like to know from researchers and scientists if literature is available to discuss other scientific data engineering options for hour-to-hour or even-minute-to-minute evaporation rate estimations on open water surfaces as a means to quantify the evaporation savings of an FPV prototype in a real-time simulation model:

Also refer:

I need experts opinion, Can you help with my survey?

link - https://forms.gle/4atonuwpPScY77ZF9

Thank you in advance.

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Fundamental and technical analysis carried out for the purpose of making investment decisions?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Fundamental and technical analysis carried out for the purpose of making investment decisions.

Please reply.

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

There is a complete field called Technical Analysis (1) aiming to forecast market prices based on "statistics". Some methods rely on performing linear regression on past data to predict future data, but my gut (2) tells me it doesn't make any sense.

Is there any research out there proving the validity of the technical analysis?

Regards

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_analysis

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Markov_theorem

The yield of plants is found to be increased with the conservation of perennial to annual plants what are the processes, advantages, and disadvantages?

It is my first time working with IV regression and I need some help with understanding the process. Specifically, I am looking at the effect of female presidents/prime ministers on health/education expenditure. Following a paper by Chen(2020), I use the electoral rule as an instrumental variable for the the gender of the leader. The problem is, when I run the baseline regression in Stata:

xtivreg2 educationexpenditurelag (male=majoritarianrule) i.year, fe robust first

the p-value of the F test of excluded instruments is not significant (first stage) , but once I include my control variables it becomes significant.

Does that mean that my instrument is not appropriate since the baseline regression has a not significant relationship between instrumental and instrumented variable?

Dear all,

Is there anybody who has working experience with the ASI (Annual Survey of Industries) Firm Level data? I need to extract the data but unable to do this. Please help me out.

Will Covid- crisis boost shadow (informal, underground, parallel) economy? Will Grey (Parallel) Market Rise more?

I have GDP and MVA data and though the MVA is stationary, the GDP is non stationary even after log-transformation followed by de-trend followed by differencing. I want to build a VAR/VEC model for ln(GDP) and ln(MVA) but this data has been haunting me for past 3 days. I also tried both method of differencing i.e linear regression detrend and direct difference but nothing seems to work.

Also, they(ln GDP and ln MVA) satisfy the cointegration test, the trends are very similar. But for VAR/VEC I will need them to be I(1) which is not the case. Any suggestions on how to handle this data will be highly appreciated!

I have attached the snapshot of the data and also the data itself.

A. Bejan, A. Almerbati and S. Lorente have concluded that `the economies of scale phenomenon is a fundamental feature of all flow (moving) systems, animate, inanimate, and human made’ (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974962).

The universe’s space everywhere flows — expands — outwards from its beginning. Economies of scale appear to arise in flowing systems. Is cosmogenesis an economy of scale phenomenon for the entire universe?

Are the physics of cosmogenesis and economies of scale the same?

all my variables are integrated at 1st difference. both bond test and Johansen prove cointegration however ardl shows no long-run relationship among variables whereas VECM shows a long-run relationship. which one should I accept?

Two big questions summarize the scope of economics:

We know that the economic situation isn't good in the world because of this pandemic (COVID-19) including Turkey. So recently Turkey has taken some steps for its economy. 1st step: currency swaps with other countries amid this pandemic. After then some increased in the value of lira from the dollar. 2nd step: reinforcing its economy (Implementing long- and short-term economic stimulus based on Turkish lira with low-cost financing programs).

Dear all,

Is there anybody who has worked with ASI (Annual Survey of Industries) Firm-Level data? I have extracted the data files with STATA, and now I need help with creating a panel for 2000-2010, for which I need the plant-identifiers. Can anyone please share their script/do file? Thank you very much.

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Computerization of conducting economic and financial analyzes of enterprises?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Computerization of conducting economic and financial analyzes of enterprises.

Please reply.

I invite you to the discussion