Earth - Science topic

Accurate real-time weather observations play a vital role in providing accurate weather data. Early weather warnings can only be effective when the number of weather observations is significantly increased to match current weather conditions. At the same time, many gaps in information not only significantly affect the accuracy but also the accuracy...

Space exploration is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks ever undertaken since the emergence of humankind. The International Space Station is a unique platform for advanced technology research that is not possible anywhere else. Tissue engineering in outer space, where state of the gravity can be 'turned off' or 'turned on' in the case of appli...

In this study, we introduced a new convection scheme in an atmosphere–ocean-coupled model called Coupled general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (CFES). A 150-year CFES simulation shows that the SST bias is almost comparable to that of the simulation with the previous (Emanuel) convection scheme in CFES. The new convection scheme clearly...

This article provides an overview of space-based solar energy, which explores the potential to capture solar energy from space and transfer it to Earth. Space-based solar energy (UTGE) covers the concept of using solar energy directly from solar energy without being blocked by atmospheric conditions or limited daylight hours, it makes it a promisin...

This article is devoted to the advanced control of a vertically autonomous underwater robots that are used for the assignment of various search and rescue operations on the high seas. The kinematic and dynamic models of the robot are described by the differential equations with six degrees of freedom with respect to the Earth frame. Due to the unce...

This paper reports the first in-situ fossil evidence for silica biomineralisation in Permian plants. The discovery reinforces the significant role that land plants have played in influencing the evolution of Earth systems in deep time.

The Paleoproterozoic era is the longest in Earth's history, with significant changes hypothesised to have occurred in the deep Earth's physical and chemical conditions at this time. It has been suggested that the paleomagnetic field became weaker at this time (~2.4 Ga) and remained weak for the next billion years. Paleomagnetism is intrinsically li...

We inquire into the morphodynamics of barchans under seasonal flows. For that, we carried out grain-scale numerical computations of a subaqueous barchan exposed to two-directional flows, and we varied the angle and frequency of oscillations. We show that when the frequency is lower than the inverse of the characteristic time for barchan formation,...

Existence of life outside the Earth is a mystery that human beings have been searching for centuries. In the past few decades, discovering microbes in extremely terrestrial habitats has opened a gateway to the possible existence of life on Mars. This review presented evidence of microbial life in extremely dry environments such as the Atacama Deser...

In the present era, the plastic waste problem is a global challenge due to its massive production. The post-use of waste plastic influences the earth's environment, human life, marine life, and ocean. Thus there is a necessity to develop good strategies for the exclusion of plastic waste. Because of this, an extension is paid on the procedure of bu...

Oceans cover about two-thirds of the Earth's surface and hold no less than 97% of the Earth's water. With this significant position, many mysteries still have yet to be revealed by various explorations and studies on the oceans. Here, we explore the oceans' and maritime world's legends and myths worldwide. This paper is a systematic literature revi...

Problems of space debris, space security threats and space accidents are an escalating topic that is drawing attention from scientists and researchers worldwide. Based on the practical demand for detecting and surveilling objects in Earth's orbit in the Vietnam's sky area, the research group has designed a space monitoring system to detect and iden...

تساهم مشاكل عدم استقرار الآبار في زيادة الوقت غير الإنتاجي، خاصة عند حفر الصخور الصخرية. في الماضي، كان الحفر يعاني من العديد من المشكلات، بما في ذلك فقدان الطين، والثقب الضيق، والأنابيب الملتصقة ميكانيكيًا، والتجويف، وانهيار الثقوب الكبيرة. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو بناء نموذج الأرض الميكانيكية (MEM) لتقييم استقرار حفرة البئر. ومن خلال تطبيق MEM، رك...

More than 1.5 billion tonnes of ash and slag waste from thermal power plants have been accumulated in the RF. The most promising direction of reuse is construction and repair of roads. The most material-intensive direction is the construction of earth bed. The aim of the study is to expand the practice of using ash and slag mixtures from thermal po...

Indian journals in Earth and Planetary Sciences indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) are examined using various journal-level metrics provided by both databases. These metrics include CiteScore, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), SCImago Journal Quartiles, Journal Impact Factor, and their respective Quartil...

The emerging agri-food tech sector promises to solve myriad environmental problems. This article considers the sociotechnical imaginaries that animate these claims. We focus on plant-based meat and dairy substitutes, or 'alternative proteins' (APs). To examine how APs are constructed as environmental solutions, we analyzed marketing materials, sust...

Deformation phenomena on Earth are inherently three dimensional. With SAR interferometry (InSAR), in many practical situations the maximum number of observations is two (ascending and descending), resulting in an infinite number of possible displacement estimates. Here we propose a practical solution to this underdeterminancy problem in the form of...

The paper examines the difference between theoretical approaches to the creation of cybernetic control systems in the past and in the present, using the example of the Soviet OGAS (National Automated Information Accounting and Processing System), and modern Digital Earth, used, in particular, in the creation of the Belt and Road project governmenta...

This book explores the multifaceted connections between Earth's ancient subterranean structures, modern underground design, and humanity's aspirations for space colonization. By integrating disciplines such as archaeoastrobiology, Groundscape architecture, geophysics, geochemistry, GIS, and bio-cultural evolution, the text reveals how understanding...

The European Space Agency (ESA) project “Pioneering Earth Observation Applications for the Environment – Ecosystem Accounting” (PEOPLE-EA) aimed to study and demonstrate the relevance of Earth Observation (EO) for ecosystem accounting in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Ecosystem accounts are inherently spatial accounts, with the implication...

Gravity is an accelerating property of the earth that causes objects to fall freely. The acceleration of gravity is not the same at every place on the Earth's surface. To measure the Earth's gravity (small g), scientists can use various techniques, such as dropping a mass from a certain height and measuring the time it takes to fall to the ground o...

Guiding high school students toward suitable educational paths is a complex challenge, particularly influenced by academic performance. In Morocco, first-year high school students in the scientific branch face a crucial decision when selecting between science mathematics (SM), physics (SF), and Science of Life and Earth (SVT) paths. This decision i...

validated finite element analysis was used to study the seismic response of the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE). A series of parametric studies were conducted to investigate the behavior of MSE walls under seismic conditions using finite element analysis. From the numerical analysis, it can be concluded that during the earthquake, in the static...

In 2019-2023, mobile methods were tested at the sites of prospecting for hydrocarbons and ore minerals, drilling wells on land and the shelf, and studying the deep structure of the Earth's structural elements. This report presents the results of a reconnaissance survey of 8 local (small) areas on the Australian and Antarctic offshore.

Earth's atmosphere is made up of air. The mass of one cubic meter of air (1m3) is about 1.25 Kg at sea level. Air does not conduct heat. Through heating from the sun, due to temperature differences, the movement of air masses, respectively the wind, occurs. At high travel speeds, the force of the wind can achieve destructive or even devastating eff...

Plain Language Summary Extreme precipitation has profound impacts on the natural environment and socio‐economic development. This study reveals the response of extreme precipitation to changes in radiative forcing during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21,000 years ago), the most recent time in Earth's history with sustained global cooling and exte...

Alongside the effects of climate change, two concepts that are still discussed are mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation involves avoiding or adapting to the negative impacts of climate change, while reforestation is usually promoted as mitigation. Adaptation refers to a new order in response to current or expected weather stimuli and their effects...

High Altitude Reflection Potential Structures (HARPS) with typical magnitudes of a few tens of volts have been frequently detected above Earth's sunlit polar cap. They are thought to be electrostatic structures forming between 1 to several Earth radii in altitude. Previous satellite studies have been unable to probe the temporal variability of thei...

In the zero-gravity environment of space, astronauts experience significant physiological and biochemical changes. Upon returning to Earth, they undergo another transformation and must participate in rehabilitation to readapt to Earth's gravity. Notably, female astronauts of the European Space Agency and NASA are currently prohibited from becoming...

We perform azimuth time tracking of multiple thunderstorm centers on the globe, which are sources of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves propagating in the spherical Earth‐ionosphere cavity. For observations made in September 2023 we identify azimuths of numerous global emission centers using our data sampled at 3 kHz at the Hylaty...

Plain Language Summary Our research explored how the viewing angle of geostationary satellites affects the radiances taken by a special type of instrument called a geostationary hyperspectral infrared sounder. China, Europe, the United States, Japan, Korea, and India have been developing these instruments to help understand what is happening in the...

Feeding a growing global population with current farming practices has negative environmental consequences. There is a push for alternative agricultural practices that address the social, economic, and environmental aspects of sustainability. Permaculture, or permanent agriculture, aims to create sustainable and eco-friendly ecosystems by designing...

This study is devoted to dilaton generation during the propagation of magnetic dipole waves from a pulsar in the galactic magnetic field. Dilaton generation occurs at cosmological scales on the order of the coherence lengths of the galactic magnetic field L coh, approximately 100 pc. The exact solutions of the dilaton field equation in a vacuum and...

This article addresses issues related to the Anthropocene from the perspective of indigenous epistemologies and ontologies, which disrupt non-indigenous understandings of humanity, nature, supernature and, consequently, life, death and extinction. From an ethnographic perspective, we focuses on indigenous ways of thinking, inhabiting and transformi...

This study explores the relaxation and sustainability of density irregularities and plasma flows in the Earth's ionosphere. To do this, we use a modified model of drift‐wave turbulence known as the Hasegawa‐Wakatani model. Similar to turbulent processes in laboratory plasmas, we explore a powerful mechanism that can reduce the turbulent plasma tran...

In terms of evidence of the evolution of the Earth, geological or geomorphological areas have high value as geosites. The protection of geosites against environmental threats and their transfer to the future are necessary for the evaluation of the geological past of the Earth. The present study aims to photograph, classify, and prepare geosite iden...

Plain Language Summary Plate tectonic theory holds that Earth's outer layer is divided into strong, internally rigid plates divided from one another by plate boundary faults made up of narrow shear zones. We can see the linear traces of these faults at the surface, but when the faults extend down deep into the Earth, through the crust and into the...

Objective: This research aimed to compare the vertical displacement of the earth's surface using DInSAR obtained from the processing of radar images of the Sentinel-1A satellite in the period of 168 days before and 108 days after the Al-Aqsa storm operation by the Palestinians. Methodology: For this purpose, 2 radar images for before and one for af...

The radiative impact of contrails has posed challenges for both scientists and regulators for decades, as this metric is essential to quantify the influence of air traffic on the greenhouse effect. However, it is clear that, depending on the sun's position and the contrail's lifetime, individual contrails can have a cooling effect on the Earth's at...

Literacy in Geosciences has been the topic of a number of researchers worldwide (Happs, 1985; Dove, 1997; Sharp et al, 1995; Ford, 2005; Lillo, 1994). Nevertheless, this report is incomplete as far as Greek students are concerned. Ioannidou & Vosniadou (2001) conducted a research regarding misconceptions about Earth’s inner layers where they detect...

A palimpsest is a writing erased and replaced by another. Sometimes, perhaps all too often, our lives become incarnated palimpsests thanks to the prevailing biopolitics, which refers not only to the government of the living, but also to the multiple practices of dying and disappearing. Can art teach us to create new spaces of co-habitation with our...

Electron degradation serves as a significant energy source in planetary upper atmospheres. In this study, a Monte Carlo model is constructed to investigate the degradation of electrons in a pure O 2 atmosphere under the local approximation. Both elastic and inelastic collision processes between electrons and O 2 molecules are considered in the mode...

Nonlinear dynamical systems exposed to changing forcing values can exhibit catastrophic transitions between distinct states. The phenomenon of critical slowing down can help anticipate such transitions if caused by a bifurcation and if the change in forcing is slow compared with the system’s internal timescale. However, in many real-world situation...

Accurate ship trajectory prediction is crucial for real-time vessel position tracking and maritime safety management. However, existing methods for ship trajectory prediction encounter significant challenges. They struggle to effectively extract long-term and complex spatial–temporal features hidden within the data. Moreover, they often overlook co...

Global warming is a serious challenge to the world’s population. Scientists are still arguing about the causes, speed and possible threats of the climate change and ways to combat them. Meanwhile, the planetary climate is changing not for the better. Warming causes global environmental, economic, social and political problems and disasters. Further...

Rock varnishes, complex structures formed by long-term deposition on rocks, exhibit unique light absorption characteristics and are widely distributed across arid environments on Earth’s surface. The varnishes possess the ability to absorb and convert photons from solar radiation into electrons, which represents a newly discovered fundamental energ...

Biodiversity, a phrase describing the variety of living organisms on the planet, is a source of vital resources and services for humanity. However, human influences on ecosystems are causing rapid and widespread loss of biodiversity. Humans are currently transforming the environment at a faster rate and over vast areas than ever before. In addition...

The NEO Coordination Centre (NEOCC) of the European Space Agency is an operational centre that, among other activities, computes the orbits of near-Earth objects and their probabilities of impact with the Earth. The NEOCC started providing information about near-Earth objects in 2012 on a dedicated web portal, accessible at https://neo.ssa.esa.int/...

The mechanisms underlying exhumation have been a topic of debate among researchers for many decades, prompting the development of numerous computational models aimed at elucidating the processes that initiate exhumation. However, a key gap in the literature lies in understanding how segments of the subducting lithospheric plate detach and subsequen...

The Land of Fairies of J. R. R. Tolkien: Faërie as the "middle earth" The Land of Fairies of J. R. R. Tolkien: Faërie as the "middle earth" between the world of senses and the world of Ideas between the world of senses and the world of Ideas

This study focuses on slope stability analysis, a critical process for understanding the conditions, durability, mass properties, and failure mechanisms of slopes. The research specifically addresses rotational-type failure, the primary instability mechanism affecting earth slopes. Identifying and understanding key factors such as slope height, slo...

This research investigates the efficacy of deep learning techniques in estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Emissivity from Landsat satellite imagery across seven distinct geographical regions. Utilizing the Single Channel Method for LST estimation and an NDVI-based approach for Emissivity estimation, our study spans the years 2018 to 2023...

The summer of 2023 saw an anomalous increase in temperatures even when considering the ongoing greenhouse-gas-driven warming trend. Here we demonstrate that regulatory changes to sulfate emissions from international shipping routes, which resulted in a significant reduction in sulfate particulate released during international shipping starting on 1...

As a critical payload of the gravitational wave detection interferometry system, the tilt-to-length (TTL) noise has a significant influence on the detection accuracy of the interferometry system. The non-geometric TTL (NG-TTL) noise, which is the main component of the TTL noise within the telescope, is closely related to the sensitive aberrations o...

With more than 2 billion people worldwide suffering from water scarcity, clean water is one of the most important natural resources on earth, whereas wastewater, which corresponds to spent water, can be considered a valuable natural resource if treated and reused [...]

Who taught Idris (Enoch) how to build the pyramids is the one who revealed the Quran I will not prolong the writing, but the digital algorithm in the Quran is the same as the algorithm method for the pyramid The digital algorithm for the pyramids The height of the Great Pyramid is 149.4 meters, and the distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149...

Floods stand out as one of the most expensive natural calamities, causing harm to both lives and properties for millions of people globally. The increasing frequency and intensity of flooding underscores the need for accurate and timely flood mapping methodologies to enhance disaster preparedness and response. Earth observation data obtained throug...

Dans ce rapport, je présente une lettre envoyée par mon collègue Abdelkader Sellal en 2005 où il me fait part des différentes méthodes pour l'étude des fondements mathématiques et physiques de la représentation du champ de la pesanteur terrestre et donne des propositions en la matière pour encou-rager les jeunes géodésiens à les découvrir. Abstrac...

Not only are solutions to energy and environmental issues essential in long-term planning for the Earth’s ecological balance and sustainable economic development, they also represent an urgent issue posing a direct threat to human health [...]

This paper presents a review of recent literature on the application of retro-propulsion in earth based rocket systems, with a specific focus on the recent advancements and challenges associated with the prediction of aerothermal and aerodynamic characteristics of re-usable boosters. It gives an overview of current system architectures and mission...

The aim of this paper is to present an escape game which is the first part of a year-round, virtual, educational role-playing game built on the e-learning platform Moodle. The game is primarily focused on chemistry, although it has a great interdisciplinary overlap into physics, biology, and mathematics. The content of the game covers topics found...

Accurate information on satellite antenna phase center offsets (PCOs) and phase variations (PVs) is indispensable for high-precision geodetic applications. In the absence of consistent pre-flight calibrations, satellite antenna PCOs and PVs of global navigation satellite systems are commonly estimated based on observations from a global network, co...

The lower mantle of Earth, characterized by pressures of 24-127 GPa and temperatures of 1900-2600 K, is still inaccessible to direct observations. In this work, we investigate by first principles the stability, phase diagram, elastic properties, and thermal conductivity of CaSiO3, that constitutes a significant component of Earth's lower mantle. No...

A bstract It has been claimed that the coherent scattering of relic neutrinos with the Earth will result in a neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry of $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (10 ⁻⁴ ) on the Earth surface, which is five orders of magnitude larger than the naive model expectation. In this work we show that this overdensity was overestimated for the perfectly...

Jailolo, the capital of West Halmahera Regency, faces earthquake risks due to its proximity to a Jailolo volcano and a double subduction zone in Eastern Indonesia. This study is aimed at investigating the seismic hazard characteristics in Jailolo through the analysis of statistic and signal parameters. Analyzing seismic hazard characteristics in th...

Global mean surface temperature serves as a crucial metric in understanding the Earth’s climate dynamics, providing insights into long-term climate trends and variability. Over the course of a million years, the trajectory of global temperatures has been shaped by a multitude of factors, including natural climatic cycles, human activities, and exte...

Accurate and reliable predictions of solar flares are essential due to their potentially significant impact on Earth and space-based infrastructure. Although deep learning models have shown notable predictive capabilities in this domain, current evaluations often focus on accuracy while neglecting interpretability and reliability--factors that are...

The Stockton Formation of the Newark Basin represents an exciting time in Earth history during the early stages of rifting of the North Atlantic, with rapid subsidence and sediment deposition. Much of the previous work on this formation has been done using drill cores, with development limiting surface exposure. While this allows us to build a full...

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the significance of land–atmosphere (L–A) interactions and feedback mechanisms in understanding and predicting Earth's water and energy cycles. Soil moisture plays a critical role in mediating the strength of L–A interactions and is important for understanding the complex and governing proces...

Electron-neutrino charged-current interactions with xenon nuclei were modeled in the nEXO neutrinoless double- β decay detector ( ∼ 5 metric ton, 90% Xe 136 , 10% Xe 134 ) to evaluate its sensitivity to supernova neutrinos. Predictions for event rates and detectable signatures were modeled using the Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields (MARLEY...