Earth - Science topic

Climate change is known to greatly modify precipitation (rain, fog, etc.) on Earth. These changes, however, should also affect various meteorological factors that lead to the formation and quality of dew, such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, etc. These modifications can thus lead to either dew reduction or enhancement, d...

The future of humankind, the understanding of the conditions of our existence depends partly on the knowledge of the mysteries of the Cosmos. The immenseness and complexity of the Cosmos surpass the bounds of human thinking. Similarly, to the subjugation of the Earth, mankind endeavours to enforce its passion for ownership and possession, despite a...

Text: Direct-Beam Solar Irradiance (DBSI) is a location-specific periodic function affected by three major factors: the Sun's energy output (or Sun's luminosity), the Earth's orbital motion, and the Earth's atmosphere. Quantitatively, Earth's atmosphere affects the incoming radiant energy the most and on the shortest time scale. Daily between 25% (...

Understanding landslide hazards and developing mitigation measures is critical to protecting lives and property. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has demonstrated its ability to simulate landslides and estimate impact forces on mitigation structures. Such simulations often model slope surfaces as bedrock on which a fixed amount of earth mass is re...

Extended dry-season enhanced soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions in the subtropical forest. • Drier dry-season reduced soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions but enhanced CH 4 uptake. • Water-filled pore space is a major pre-dictor for GHG fluxes of the subtropical forest. • CO 2-equivalent N 2 O and CH 4 emissions was increased by extended dry season. • CO 2-equ...

Cracks in clayey soil cause a reduction in the seismic loading capacity which can lead to structural failures. Seismic acceleration is the primary cause of crack propagation and damage to the earth's structure. This study investigated the impact of the earthquake's epicenter distance on the embankment model with a pre-existing crack in the embankme...

Hill's approximation models the motion of two small masses gravitationally interacting with each other and perturbed by a large central body. An application of the model is employed in this paper to manoeuvre the relative motion of two asteroids by a small impulse to capture them in bound binary motion in Earth's orbit. The initial conditions prior...

Numerical models of Earth's mantle dynamics that aim to comply with a variety of surface observations and/or modern mantle structure, still predict a widely varying vigour of mantle flow which governs the long-term evolution of mantle structure and mixing. A yet unexplored source of intrinsic information on mantle flow characteristics are the geolo...

Understanding the beginning of life on planet Earth has always been a captivating and scientifically very important and dynamic topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a concise review of some issuesrelated to the origin of life (OoL) on early Earth and stimulate further research into this important area of science. This brief review highlig...

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are caused by the interaction between the geomagnetic storm and the Earth's conductivity structure, which can enter the power grid and cause blackouts in extreme cases. To avoid significant economic losses, it is essential to correctly estimate the intensity of GICs first and then take corresponding protectio...

Bon religious texts dating to more-or-less a thousand years ago do contain not only signs of a well developed ‘cult of the book’, but also some unexpectedly informative passages about the book making arts. This essay concentrates on ideas about bookbinding found in early Bon ritual literature on consecration of icons, including scriptural Volumes....

The stability of CO2 fluid in the Earth’s mantle is restricted by the carbonation of rock-forming minerals. Among those, the reaction with garnet is of particular interest because it constrains the stability of CO2 fluid in eclogites, whose minerals have been found in the CO2-bearing diamonds. In this work, we determined the equilibrium boundary fo...

Spatial modeling of suspended particles (TSP) and spatial relationship to dust in Baghdad governorate and environmental effects ABSITRAC Geography studies the spatial patterns present on the surface of the earth, and in this study it describes the patterns and analyzes the processes that created them, and interprets and identifies the relationship...

The works of novelists throughout history in practically all cultures of the world demonstrate the intimate connection between nature and literature. In all areas of knowledge and growth today, the close connection between the natural and social worlds is being examined. Ecocriticism is the study of how nature is depicted in literary works and how...

The molybdenum (Mo) isotope system is a powerful tool for tracing recycled crustal components in volcanic rocks. Existing Mo isotope data show that intraplate basalts have highly variable Mo isotopes. However, the heterogeneity of Mo isotopes in intraplate basalts was interpreted to be inherited from recycling of different slab components, and its...

Soil color is a key indicator of soil properties and conditions, exerting influence on both agronomic and environmental variables. Conventional methods for soil color determination have come under scrutiny due to their limited accuracy and reliability. In response to these concerns, we developed an innovative system that leverages 35 years of satel...

The objective of the paper is to protect induction motor from all possible faults which improves the reliability, the efficiency, and the performance. The proposed approach is sensor-based technique. For this purpose, currents, voltage, vibration and temperature values of the induction motor were measured with sensor and covers (1) Over current, (2...

Seismic interferometry is widely used to detect changes in the subsurface, usually caused by stress perturbations, which in turn result from various tectonic and nontectonic Earth’s processes. In many previous studies, changes in Rayleigh-wave velocities were interpreted as changes in S-wave velocities at particular depths based on computed frequen...

After decades of Indigenous diplomacy efforts at the UN concerning the concept of “Mother Earth-Nature”, there has been a growing recognition of the Rights of Nature (RoN). In an article drawing upon findings from interviews with Indigenous delegates, UN officers and NGO representatives, the RIVERS project examines the contradictions that RoN activ...

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are crucial for numerous assessments of the Earth's surface, so this research aim to evaluate the quality of several open source DEMs like advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global DEM (ASTER GDEM), shuttle radar topography mission DEM (SRTM DEM), SENTINEL-1, and TerraSAR-X for digital ele...

Rigorous evaluation of geomagnetic induction in the integrated power-gas systems (IPGS) is critical for the risk assessment of geomagnetic disturbances (GMD). Existing geomagnetic induction models are developed individually for the power grids or pipeline networks. This paper proposes a nodal voltage analysis method for the geomagnetic induction mo...

Climate change, the primarily human-caused rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system, is referred to as global warming. In this paper a non-linar mathematical model is proposed and analysed to study the effect of global warming global warming temperature on the transmission dynamics of vector borne diseases. In modeling the proc...

During a pedestrian survey of private property near Carbon City, Wyoming, the 2021 University of Wyoming Archaeological Field School identified three pieces of Plains Woodland, cord marked ceramic on the surface of 48CR11707. Because of the relative scarcity of ceramics from archaeological sites in Wyoming, CR11707 was subsequently tested with six...

What if atoms are alive? Abiogenesis, the origin of life from atoms and molecules, is the current scientific hypothesis for the origin of life on Earth. This may change soon. In 1986, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar proposed that billions of subatomic living entities called microvita compose atoms. Microvita may have been emanated from a Cosmic Mind and comp...

Developed countries are now more interested in using and mining outer space for commercial purposes, and have therefore enacted legislation to regulate their activities in this regard. The factor that has prompted the major powers is the presence of valuable natural resources; thus, they are working to mine those resources and bring them to the Ear...

Elisha's act of cursing the children in 2 Kings 2:23-25 raises many perceptions and even makes it difficult for readers to understand texts like this. How could a man of God utter such a curse word? Therefore, the researcher investigated this topic using a qualitative method with an exegetical approach. The researcher found that this text is not pr...

The entire universe has its own galaxies, stars, planets which contain definite living species like animals, plants, etc. all these present around the sun which are under influence of rotation and revolution by the gradient of difference in pressure, temperature, and other atmospheric conditions around the universe. There will be protonic positron...

Embracing 21st-century metaversal travel solutions requires redefining tourism sustainability within the realm of space and time. It involves establishing sustainable tourism concepts and practices that extend from the global scale of Planet Earth physical realm to the virtual realities of the Metaverse. To shoulder the responsibility for 21st-cent...

Marine Ecosystem Models (MEMs) are increasingly forced with Earth System Models (ESMs) to better understand marine ecosystem dynamics, and to analyse the effects of alternative management efforts for marine ecosystems under potential scenarios of global change. However, policy and commercial activities typically occur on seasonal-to-decadal time sc...

Earth’s upper-level jet streams influence the speed and direction of travel of weather systems and commercial aircraft, and are linked to severe weather occurrence. Climate change is projected to accelerate the average upper-level jet stream winds. However, little is known about how fast (>99th percentile) upper-level jet stream winds will change....

Structural geology describes and explains the deformations to which rocks are subjected over time. We are interested in studying the nature of soils and rocks in the layers of the Earth. This is to know the physical and chemical composition of it. We are interested in conducting laboratory measurements of samples. In this research, we will conduct...

Field Line Resonances (FLRs) are a critical component in Earth's magnetospheric dynamics, associated with the transfer of energy between Ultra Low Frequency waves and local plasma populations. In this study we investigate how the polarisation of FLRs are impacted by cold plasma density distributions during geomagnetic storms. We present an analysis...

Air pollution is not only harmful to the environment but to all the other living beings on earth. Seventy-five percent of the total carbon monoxide emissions are caused due to automobiles. In urban areas, automobile emissions contribute to 50-90% of the total air pollution. Every vehicle will have emission. It is not possible to avoid emissions com...

Polar amplification appears in response to greenhouse gas forcing, which has become a focus of climate change research. However, polar amplification has not been systematically investigated over the Earth’s three poles (the Arctic, Antarctica, and the Third Pole). An index of polar amplification is employed, and the annual and seasonal variations o...

Глобальный мониторинг атмосферы, осуществляемый в последние десятилетия, выявил тенденцию повсеместного истощения озонового слоя. Озон представляет собой аллотропную модификацию кислорода О3. Роль озона в жизни Земли огромна. Он поглощает жесткое ультрафиолетовое излучение Солнца, представляющее смертельную опасность для биосферы. С научной точки з...

When high-energy particles originating from space penetrate the atmosphere, they may interact with atoms and molecules, initiating air showers composed of secondary and tertiary particles propagating towards the ground. They can cause ionization of the atmosphere and contribute to the radiation dose at low altitudes. This work uses the GEANT-4-base...

This poster on Universal Sustainability suggests embracing the 21st-century phenomenon of astronaut tourism and redefining tourism sustainability within the realm of space and time. It advocates for establishing sustainable tourism concepts and practices that extend from the global scale of Planet Earth to the entire Universe. The poster proposes a...

Coastal zones, terrestrial expanses, freshwater bodies, and their encompassing watersheds are integral to the Earth’s environmental framework [...]

A discussion of the nature of homometallic alkaline earth bonding is presented, recent synthetic advances are described, and future directions are considered.

Europäische Bestrebungen nach der sogenannten Entdeckung und Vermessung der Welt, und folglich der Beginn der expansiven Vereinnahmung dieser, nehmen mit der frühen Neuzeit ihren Anfang. Sie sind zunächst verbunden mit Fragen der Kartographie, Astronomie und Naturkunde (und den daraus resultierenden technischen Errungenschaften), aber auch mit dem...

Heritage sites are one of the assets for the country. Kutch a district in the western part of Gujarat is adorned with mesmeric heritage sites. This paper narrates various important heritage sites in Kutch and its contribution to tourism industry. Further this paper aims to understand tourism policy of Government of Gujarat and problems faced in con...

This paper presents the transient behavior of an earthing system under the influence of lightning current injected in to it. Vertical rods and horizontal electrodes buried in homogeneous soil are considered in this analysis. State-space representation (SSR)-based transmission line methodology (TLM) is adopted with nonlinear parameters for modeling...

Currently, the development of deep earth space is an important strategic, scientific, and technological goal [...]

For the purposes of environmental management and planning, Land Ecosystem Classification (LEC) provides a systematic framework for organizing landscape resources. LEC attempts to capture Earth processes over large geographic areas that produce persistent ecosystem patterns across the landscape. Past studies have conducted a comprehensive examinatio...

The use of sustainability is of utmost importance when it comes to tackling the environmental issues that our global community is currently confronting, ranging from climate change to the depletion of natural resources. The publication titled “Beyond Limits: Envisioning Sustainable Design and Production Ecosystems” delves into the imperative need f...

The gravity method is a measurement of relatively noticeable variations in the Earth’s gravitational field caused by lateral variations in rock's density. In the current research, a new technique is applied on the previous Bouguer map of gravity surveys (conducted from 1940–1950) of the last century, by selecting certain areas in the South-Western...

The JWST space telescope has the potential to measure the emission spectrum of a highly irradiated exoplanet as small as the Earth, especially if it transits a very nearby and cold star similar in size to Jupiter. Such ‘ultracool dwarf stars’ are frequent in the solar neighborhood, but their planetary population remain extremely poorly studied. Ind...

The day-today intellectual consciousness perceives a world of independent phenomena (including social phenomena, as any evening news program will reveal) at stages of rest. In order to bring these same phenomena into dynamic relationship not only with one another but also with the timescale of their own growth and development, one needs to have org...

The paper presents the results of a joint analysis of the Earth's main magnetic field (core field) BIGRF and the large-scale magnetic field (LSMF) of the Sun. Selected 11-and 22-year periods of LSMF and BIGRF variations are well manifested in both fields and are usually modulated by solar activity. Even 11-year cycles for which the direction of the...

Islam merupakan agama yang bersifat universal yang tidak hanya berbicara tentang peribadatan manusia terhadap Tuhan mereka saja. Lebih dari itu, terdapat banyak sekali ajaran di dalam agama Islam yang menyuruh dan mengajak manusia untuk memakmurkan bumi dan memelihara kelestariannya. Dalam tugas ini manusia berperan sangat besar karena Allah telah...

Minyak jelantah adalah minyak limbah yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai minyak goreng. Minyak jelantah dapat dimanfaatkan kembali dengan proses pemurnian dan dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan sabun dengan proses saponifikasi menggunakan basa (KOH atau NaOH). Berdasarkan hal tersebut dilakukan penanganan limbah minyak jelantah denga...

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamic behavior and stress-strain state of the Rezaksay soil dam taking into account the physically nonlinear properties of soils, in a flat setting. A mathematical model developed for the study of earth dams is presented. based on the Lagrange variational equation using the d'Alembert principle....

With the continuous developments in space-borne scatterometers, the applicability of scatterometer satellite datasets is continuously increasing in oceanography, agriculture, cryosphere, hydrology and related Earth-science fields. The scope of this book explores applications of scatterometers in Earth observation as well as algorithms and technique...

The water permeability of conditioned soils is one of the most essential properties for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunnelling in coarse-grained soils. Permeability tests are conducted to study the influence of water heads on the permeability of foam-conditioned sands. The initial permeability coefficient of foam-conditioned sands increases with t...

Ecofeminism explores the connection between nature and women, and the abusive treatment of both in the hands of patriarchy and the capitalistic modes of production. Essential feminists believe nature and women to be connected through their roles since the inception of earth and human civilization. The way mother nature provides human beings and ani...

Big idea that will shape sustainability through Human, Nature & Culture Values. Demand of the modern world and the earth are eco-friendly technology, culture and nature conservation.

The generation of kinetic‐scale flux ropes (KSFRs) is closely related to magnetic reconnection. Both flux ropes and reconnection sites are detected in the magnetosheath and can impact the dynamics upstream of the magnetopause. In this study, using the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellite, 12,623 KSFRs with a scale <20 RCi are statistically studied i...

Man has ascribed to himself the position of God on Earth amidst other entities in the world by virtue of epistemic priority. How valid is the truth of this epistemic claim founded on human rationality? There are different forms of knowing: instinctive knowledge, sensual knowledge, rational knowledge, intuitive knowledge and infused knowledge. Each...

Electron densities in different locations of our galaxy are obtained in pulsar astronomy by dividing the Dispersion Measure (DM) by the distance of the pulsar to Earth. The properties of the interstellar plasma are related to its heating by cosmic rays. Following the present analysis DM's measurements are obtained with different properties for diff...

Planets with radii between that of the Earth and Neptune (hereafter referred to as ‘sub-Neptunes’) are found in close-in orbits around more than half of all Sun-like stars1,2. However, their composition, formation and evolution remain poorly understood³. The study of multiplanetary systems offers an opportunity to investigate the outcomes of planet...

We propose a novel explanation for the 18 TeV gamma ray from GRB 221009A observed by LHAASO. High-energy neutrinos are converted into axion-like particles (ALPs) via their interaction with the cosmic neutrino background. Subsequently, ALPs are converted into high-energy photons in the magnetic field of our galaxy. We compute the fluxes of neutrinos...

The mother continent Africa is known for its various, multiple, and repeated instabilities, the rationale being the great hope and desire for the permanence, fixity, stability, lasting or enduring things that characterize human beings. Irrespective of how great and noble this hope and desire might be, one should admit that permanence or stability i...

Independent radiometric data collected from multiple ground sites as part of vicarious calibration activities can be combined to harmonize the data products of Earth observation sensors with different temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions. Recent coordinated international efforts for open fiducial reference measurements have provided the worl...

The interplay between tectonics and climate is known to impact the evolution and distribution of life forms, leading to present-day patterns of biodiversity. Numerical models that integrate the co-evolution of life and landforms are ideal tools to investigate the causal links between these earth system components. Here, we present a tool that coupl...

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), the most abundant biogenic mineral on earth, plays a crucial role in various fields such as hydrosphere, biosphere, and climate regulation. Of the four polymorphs, calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and amorphous CaCO3, vaterite is the most enigmatic one due to an ongoing debate regarding its structure that has persisted for n...

In this work we pretrain a CLIP/ViT based model using three different modalities of satellite imagery across five AOIs covering over 10% of the earth total landmass, namely Sentinel 2 RGB optical imagery, Sentinel 1 SAR amplitude and Sentinel 1 SAR interferometric coherence. This model uses ∼ 250 M parameters. Then, we use the embeddings produced f...

Penetration rate (PR) and penetration depth (Pe) are crucial parameters for estimating the cost and time required in tunnel construction using tunnel boring machines (TBMs). This study focuses on investigating the impact of rock strength on PR and Pe through full scale experiments. By conducting controlled tests on rock like specimens, the study ai...

The futures of humanity and planet Earth are at stake. This is reflected not only in the increasingly dire future imaginations of billions of people around the world but also in an ever-increasing body of future-related literature in the social sciences and humanities. However, despite growing sociological engagement with the future, an astonishing...

The impressive advancements of AI have marked the progress of technological solutions in many fields in the last few years. A key role in this progress has been played by Computer Vision, providing machines with the capability to observe, interpret and based on such understanding predict. These progresses require to consider this technology with re...

The differences between the two global warming targets of the Paris Agreement, 1.5 °C and 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, have drawn much attention from the scientific community. However, there is a remaining gap to distinguish regional climate responses in these two most typical pathways, i.e., transient and stabilization simulations, toward spe...

Baroclinic or extratropical cyclones (ETCs) transport heat and moisture to higher latitudes, making it fundamentally important to understand how their influence changes as Earth's climate evolves. A 2–8‐day Lanzcos bandpass filter is applied to European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting 5th Generation Reanalysis latent energy (LE) and kin...

The upper and down opposition is one of the essential oppositions presenting in the organization of Azerbaijani fairy tales, in fairy tales that is manifested in the form of the Heavens and the Earth, Gulustani-Iram and the World of Darkness, sacred and secular space, eternal world and mortal world. Gulustani-Iram is located in the sky, opposes the...

Plain Language Summary Understanding the subduction process and how the mantle flows is pivotal in understanding the planetary evolution of Earth. Yet, several subduction characteristics remain unsolved, and the angle of plate subduction, which is often categorized into <30° (shallow), ∼30–35° (normal), >35° (steep), is one of those. Subduction of...

Cloud-radiation-interactions are key to Earth's climate and its susceptibility to change. While their impact on Earth's energy budget have been studied in great detail, their effect on atmospheric temperatures have received little attention, despite its importance for the planetary circulation of the atmosphere and hence for regional climate and we...

Satellite-based remote sensing is instrumental in the monitoring and mitigation of the effects of anthropogenic climate change. Large scale, high resolution data derived from these sensors can be used to inform intervention and policy decision making, but the timeliness and accuracy of these interventions is limited by use of optical data, which ca...

Kessler’s Syndrome is a global phenomenon characterized by the presence of tens of millions of debris pieces of various sizes that disrupt satellite operations. This article delves into the potential outcomes of a Kessler’s Syndrome occurrence and its implications on satellite operations. The potential threats posed by this scenario are discussed,...

The near-Earth electromagnetic environment represents a far-from-equilibrium system characterized by sudden irregular energy relaxation events. For a broad class of complex systems, time series can be interpreted in terms of a superposition of stochastic and deterministic components occurring at different time scales. In this work we use the genera...

Plain Language Summary Understanding surface temperature on a planet is important for life on Earth and beyond. On Earth, we know “mountaintops are cold,” which means that surface temperature decreases with elevation. However, this idea does not apply on present‐day Mars. Here, we investigate when and why the Earth‐based understanding holds for pla...

The writings of Marion Segaud (Segaud M., 2008) and Joan Tronto (Tronto J., 2009) reveal that inhabitation and vulnerability are anthropological invariants. However, industrial society, through its socio-spatial organisation, has 'perimeterised' (Femia A., Ardenne P., 2021, p. 34) the relationships between human beings, and between human beings and...

Nitrogen is essential to all life on Earth. Tiny organisms, called microbes, help to make nitrogen available to all other living things. One group of microbes, called nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), help to remove excess nitrogen from the environment that can be dangerous to plants and animals. However, there is still a lot to learn about the dis...

Many authors identify the practice of experimentation as an activity capable of motivating and arousing student interest in studying science. However, experiments can not only be a motivating factor, but also enable students to solve problems, develop manipulative skills, work collectively, make decisions, etc. Furthermore, experimental practice co...

The process of groundwater evapotranspiration and its subsequent recharge are fundamental aspects of the Earth’s natural water cycle and have significant implications for the preservation and functionality of various forested ecosystems. This study presents a case analysis examining the recent fluctuations in groundwater levels and their replenishm...

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful microorganisms on Earth due to its high compatibility with a wide range of host species, including mammals, Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide condition, however it is more prevalent in the industrialized nations. According to the International Diabetes Federation's most recent estimates for 2019, there...